Electromechanical Energy Conversion EEE229/EEE223/GEE202

EEE229/EEE223/GEE202 - Problem Sheet 4 - Solutions

(Self_excited actuators)

1.
.
L 3 mH
x = 2mm

a) DC current, I = 3A

1 0.03
3 10 3 81
2 2 0.002

b)

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∆
∆&
2

∆ '
2∆& 2'&
.
(3 ) 10

' 0.03
10
'& &

' 1 0.03
3 10 33.75,
2'& 2 0.002

2.
a) The self-inductances in the two positions are given by:

Since both - − characteristics are straight lines, the inductance is constant and hence can be calculated
at any value of current. In terms of getting the best visual estimate from the graph, it is convenient to take
the values at 5A.

At position A:

At position B:

1
 Electromechanical Energy Conversion EEE229/EEE223/GEE202

b) The force in this type of actuator is given by:

The average force over the stroke is given by:

Alternatively, the average force can be calculated from the change in co-energy between the two positions
at 3A:

Co-energy at position A:

At position B

The force is given by:

3. Using the inductance approach equation in the lecture notes:

Noting that F = -10N

Alternatively, this can be solved from a consideration of flux density.

The flux density in this gap is given by the formula:

Rearranging yields:

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 Electromechanical Energy Conversion EEE229/EEE223/GEE202

4.
a) From the 1st year lecture notes:
, φ0 and 0
12 3

, , 5 6
4
0 &
From the lecture notes:
1 '
2 '&

-
Then:
- ,4 , ,5 6 , 5 6
& &
Therefore:
' , 5 6
−
'& &
So:
1 ' 1 , 5 6 5 6,
| | = =
2 '& 2 & 2&

b) N = 1000, A = 120mm2, xopen = 5mm, xclose = 3mm, Fspring = 3N

Closed:

8
9 : . <:
81 ≥ 0.996
2 3; =. ×= >? ×@×A×= >B ×=
: :

EFGHEI JIJFGKLMENOJGPF − QRKPON

Closed I ≥ 1A,
Starting x=5mm ( EFGHEI_FILQPON_<MM 0T N) to x=3mm ( EFGHEI_FILQPON_ MM 5.3TN)
Closing and remained closed
Open:

2 & 2 × 3 × 0.003
U =U ≤ 0.66
5 6, 1.2 × 10 × 4 × W × 10
@ X × 1000

Opening I ≤ 0.6A,
Starting x=3mm ( EFGHEI_LRJOPON_ MM 0 N) to x=5mm ( EFGHEI_LRJOPON_<MM −1.9 N)
Opening and remained open