Graphs and Transformations

2. 2017 H2 MA Prelim Compilation - Graphs and Transformations (27 Questions)

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

ACJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

x 1
The graph of y  2 , where a, b and c are non-zero constants, has a turning point at
ax  bx  c
1
 1,1 , and an asymptote with equation x   . Find the values of a, b and c. [5]
3
Answers
a  3 , b  7 and c  2 .

ACJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q2

The diagram below shows the graph of y  f  x  .
y

Q 1, 2 
y  f  x

P  0,1 y 1

x
 b, 0  O

xa

The graph passes through the point  b, 0  and has turning points at P  0,1 and Q 1, 2  . The lines
1
y  1 and x  a , where b  a   , are asymptotes to the curve.
2
On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of
 x 1 
(i) yf , [3]
 2 
(ii) y  f   x  , [3]
labelling, in terms of a and b where applicable, the exact coordinates of the points corresponding
to P and Q, and the equations of any asymptotes.
Answers
(i) P(1, 1), Q(3, 2), x = 2a + 1, y = 1;
(ii) P(0, 0), Q(1, 0), x = a, y = 0.

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Graphs and Transformations

AJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q8

4 x 2  kx  2
The curve C has equation y  , where k is a constant.
x2

(i) Show that curve C has stationary points when k < 9. [3]

(ii) Sketch the graph of C for the case where 6  k  9 , clearly indicating any asymptotes and
points of intersection with the axes. [4]

1
(iii) Describe a sequence of transformations which transforms the graph of y  2 x  to the
x
4 x2  8x  2
graph of y  . [3]
x2

(iv) By drawing a suitable graph on the same diagram as the graph of C, solve the inequality
4 x2  8x  2 1
 2. [3]
x2 x
Answers
(iii) A – Translate the graph by 2 units in the direction of x-axis
B - Scaling, parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 2.
C - Translate the graph by 8 units in the direction of y-axis
Alternately:
A – Translate the graph by 2 units in the direction of x-axis
B - Translate the graph by 4 units in the direction of y-axis
C - Scaling, parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 2

(iv) 0.805  x  1.69 or x2

CJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

A parabola, P with equation  y  a   ax , where a is a constant, undergoes in succession, the
2

following transformations:
A : A translation of 2 units in the positive x -direction
1
B : A scaling parallel to the y -axis by a factor of
3
 4
The resulting curve, Q passes through the point with coordinates  2,  .
 3
(i) Show that a  4 . [3]

(ii) Find the range of values of k for which the line y  kx does not meet P . [3]
Answers
1
(ii) k  
4

Graphs and Transformations 2|Page

Graphs and Transformations

CJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5

The diagram below shows the sketch of the graph of y  f  x  for k  0 . The curve passes
through the points with coordinates  k , 0 and  3k , 0  , and has a maximum point with
coordinates  4k , 2  . The asymptotes are x  0 , x  2k and y  0.
y

x
O

Sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of

(i) y  f x  k  , [2]
(ii) y  f ' x , [2]
1
(iii) y , [3]
f  x
showing clearly, in terms of k , the equations of any asymptote(s), the coordinates of any turning
point(s) and any points where the curve crosses the x - and y -axes.
Answers

(i) (ii)

(iii)

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Graphs and Transformations

CJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q8

The curve C has equation
2 x 2  3x  5
y .
x 5

r
(i) Express y in the form px  q  where p , q and r are constants to be found. [3]
x 5

(ii) Sketch C , stating the equations of any asymptotes, the coordinates of any stationary points
and any points where the curve crosses the x - and y -axes. [4]

(iii) By sketching another suitable curve on the same diagram in part (ii), state the number of
roots of the equation
 2x  3x  5   5 x  x  5  .
2 2 2
[3]

Answers
(i) p  2, q  7, r  40
(ii)

(iii)2

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Graphs and Transformations

DHS Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

(a) State a sequence of transformations that transform the graph of x2  13 ( y  2)2  1 to the
graph of ( x  2)2  y 2  1. [3]

(b) The diagram below shows the curve y  f ( x). It has a maximum point at (4, 2) and
intersects the x-axis at ( 4, 0) and the origin. The curve has asymptotes x  2 , y  0 and
y  x  2.
y
y=x+2

(4, 2)

–4
O x

x = –2
Sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of

(i) y  f '( x) , [3]

1 ,
(ii) y [3]
f ( x)
including the coordinates of the points where the graphs cross the axes, the turning points
and the equations of any asymptotes, where appropriate.
Answers
(a) 1. Translate 2 units in the positive x-direction; 2. Translate 2 units in the negative y-direction
1
3. Scale by a factor of parallel to the y-direction
3
Alternative
1 2
2. Scale by a factor of parallel to the y-direction3. Translate units in the negative y-direction
3 3

(b)(i) (b) (ii)

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Graphs and Transformations

HCI Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q9

ax 2  bx
A curve C1 has equation y  , where a , b and c are constants. It is given that C1
x2  c
passes through the point 3, 95   and two of its asymptotes are y  2 and x  2 .

(i) Find the values of a , b and c . [3]

In the rest of the question, take the values of a , b and c as found in part (i).
(ii) Using an algebraic method, find the exact set of values of y that C1 cannot take. [3]

(iii) Sketch C1 , showing clearly the equations of asymptotes and the coordinates of the turning
points. [3]
(iv) It is given that the equation e y  x  r , where r  
, has exactly one real root. State the
range of values of r . [1]
3x  5
(v) The curve C2 has equation y  2  . State a sequence of transformations which
x  2x  3
2

transforms C1 to C2 . [3]
Answers
(i) Since y  2 is a horizontal asymptote, a  2 .
Since x  2 is a vertical asymptote, c  4 .
2 x 2  bx
 
3, 95 lies on y  2
x 4
 b3


(ii) required set is y  :1  47  y  1  47 
(iii)
y

y=2

(0.903, 0.339) (3.60, 1.69)

x
O

(iv) r  2
x=–2 x=2 (v)
1. Translation of C1 1 unit in the negative x-direction to get
8  3  x  1 3x  5
y 2  2 followed by
 x  1
4 x  2x  3
2 2

3x  5
2. Reflection of y  2  2 in the y-axis to get C2 .
x  2x  3

Graphs and Transformations 6|Page

Graphs and Transformations

IJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q8

 2x 1 0  x  2,


It is given that f ( x)  2   x  3
3
2  x  4,
1 otherwise.


Sketch, on separate diagrams, for 0  x  8 , the graphs of
(i) y  f ( x) and state the range of f, [5]
1
(ii) y . [4]
f ( x)
In each graph, indicate clearly the coordinates of the end points, points of intersection with the
axes and stationary point, if any. State clearly the equation of any asymptote.
4
(iii) Deduce the value of
 6
f ( x) dx . [1]

Answers
(i) R f   1,3 (iii) 2

JJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5

(a) The curve C has the equation
 x  2  a 2 1  y 2  ,
2
1 a  2.
Sketch C, showing clearly any intercepts and key features. [2]

(b) The diagram shows the graph of y  f( x) , which has an oblique asymptote y  1  x ,
a vertical asymptote x  1 , x-intercepts at    
2, 0 and  2, 0 , and y-intercept at  0, 2  .

𝑥 = −1 y
𝑦 = 1−𝑥

2
− 2 O x

Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of

1
(i) y  , [3]
f( x)
(ii) y  f ( x) , [3]
showing clearly all relevant asymptotes and intercepts, where possible.

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Graphs and Transformations

Answers
5(a)
y
(2, 1)

(2, 0)
O 2a 2+a x

(2, 1)

5(b) (i)
𝑥 y 𝑥
=− 2 = 2

½
1 x
O

5(b) (ii)

y
𝑥
= −1
O x
𝑦
= −1

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Graphs and Transformations

MJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

ax  b a
A curve C has equation y  , where a, b and c are positive real constants and b  .
cx  1 c
(i) Sketch C, stating the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of the points where
the curve crosses the axes. [3]
1
The curve C is transformed by a scaling parallel to y-axis by factor and followed by a
2
translation of 2 units in the positive x-direction.
(ii) Find the equation of the new curve in the form of y  f  x  . [2]
It is given that the new curve y  f  x  passes through the points with coordinates

 3 3
 3,  and  6,1 , and that y  is one of the asymptotes of the new curve y  f  x  .
 2 4
(iii) Find the values of a, b and c. [5]
Answers
1  a  x  2  b 
(ii) y   
2  c  x  2  1 
(iii) a  3, b  6 and c  2

NJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

The diagram shows the graph of the function y  f ( x) where, a, b  , b  2 and 0 < a < 1.
The coordinates of the minimum point and maximum point on the curve are  a, 0  and
 2  a, 6  respectively. The equations of the asymptotes are y  x  b and x  2a .
y

y  f  x
y  xb

 2  a, 6 

O
x

  a, 0 

x  2a

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Graphs and Transformations

On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of the following functions, labelling the coordinates of
any points of intersection with the x-axis, the coordinates of any turning points and the equations
of any asymptotes.
(i) y  f  2 x  1  1, [3]
1
(ii) y  . [3]
f(x)
The two asymptotes of y  f ( x) intersect at point P. Show that P lies on the line

y  mx   b  2a  2am  for all real values of m. Hence, state the range of values of m for which

the line y  mx   b  2a  2am  does not cut the curve y  f ( x) . [3]

Answers
m 1

NYJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

The curve C has equation
2x  p
y  1 ,
( x  2)( x  3)
where p is a constant.
(i) Find the range of values of p for which C has more than one stationary point. [4]
(ii) Sketch C for p = 7, stating the coordinates of the turning point(s) and the points of
intersection with the axes and the equations of any asymptotes. [3]
(iii) By sketching a suitable graph on the same diagram, solve the inequality
2x  7
1  12  x 2  . [3]
(2  x)( x  3)
Answers
(i) p  4 or p  6
(iii)
2 3  x  3 or 2.92  x  1.46 or
y
2 x2 3
y 1
(0.382,0)
x
(2.62,0) O (0,  1 )
x  3 6x  2

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Graphs and Transformations

PJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q7

x 3
The curve C has equation y  2  .
 x  2  x  1
(i) Find algebraically the set of values that y can take. [5]

(ii) Sketch C, giving the coordinates of the axial intercepts, turning points and equations of any
asymptotes. [3]

(iii) By adding an appropriate graph to the sketch of C, determine the range of values of k such
 x  3
2

 x  2   k 2 has at least one negative real root.

2
that the equation
 x  2   x  1
2 2

[4]
Answers

1
(i) y  2 or y  3 (ii) (iii) k  2.5 or k  2.5
9

RI Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q4
A curve C has equation y  f  x  , where
a
f  x   cx,
 x  b
2

and a, b and c are constants. It is given that C has a vertical asymptote x  1 and a minimum
point at  0, 1 .
(i) Find the values of a, b and c. [4]

(ii) Sketch the graph of y  f  x  , stating the coordinates of any point(s) of intersection with

the axes and the equation(s) of any asymptote(s). [3]

(iii) Hence, solve the inequality f  x   4  0. [2]

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Graphs and Transformations

Answers
(i) a = 1, b = 1, c = 2 (iii) x  1.94 or x  1.94

(ii)

RI Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5

(5, 4)

y=0 (4, 0)

y = f(x)

y = x + 2

x = 3
The diagram shows the curve y  f ( x). The curve has maximum points at  5, 4  and the origin,

and crosses the x-axis at  4, 0  . The lines y = 0, x = 3 and y = x + 2 are the horizontal,

vertical and oblique asymptotes to the curve respectively.

On separate diagrams, draw sketches of the graphs of

1
(a) y  , [3]
f  x

(b) y  f   x  , [3]

 x 1 
(c) y  f  , [3]
 2 
labelling clearly the equation(s) of any asymptote(s), coordinates of any axial intercept(s) and
turning point(s) where applicable.

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Graphs and Transformations

Answers
(a)

(b)
(c)

RVHS Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

(i) Describe a sequence of transformations that transform the graph of y  ln x onto the graph

of y  f  x  , where f  x   ln  x  a   b and that a and b are constants such that a  1 and

b  1. [2]
1
(ii) By sketching the graph of y  f  x  or otherwise, sketch the graph of y  . State, in
f  x

1
terms of a and b, the coordinates of any points where y  crosses the axes and the
f  x

equations of any asymptotes. [3]

Answers
(ii)
 1 
y-intercept  0, 
  ln a   b 
b
vertical asymptote: x  a  e
horizontal asymptote: y = 0

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Graphs and Transformations

SAJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q4

State a sequence of transformations that would transform the curve with equation y  e x
2
(i)
onto the curve with equation y  f ( x) , where f ( x)  eax  b , a  0 and b  1 .
2

[2]

1
(ii) Sketch the curve y  f ( x) and the curve y  .
f ( x)
You should state clearly the equations of any asymptotes, coordinates of turning points and
axial intercepts. [5]
Answers
(i)
1
1. Scale by a factor of parallel to the x-axis,
a
2. Translate the resulting curve by b units in the negative y-direction.

SRJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q4

The curve C has equation 4 y 2  8 y  x2  4 x  4  0 .
(i) Using an algebraic method, find the set of values that y cannot take. [3]
(ii) Showing any necessary working, sketch C and indicate the equations of the asymptotes.
[4]
Answers
(i) 0  y  2
(ii)

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Graphs and Transformations

TJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

The graph of y  f ( x) is shown below.

(a) The graph of y  f (2  x) is obtained when the graph of y  f ( x) undergoes a sequence of

transformations. Describe the sequence of transformations. [2]
(b) Sketch the graph of y  f '( x) , stating the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates
of any points of intersection with the axes. [3]
Answers
(a)Translation of 2 units in the negative x-direction, followed by reflection about the y-axis.
(b)
y

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Graphs and Transformations

TPJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q2

1  x2
The function p is defined by p : x , x .
1  x2

(i) Find algebraically the range of p, showing your working clearly. [3]

(ii) Show that p( x)  p( x) for all x  . [1]

1 
It is given that q( x)  p  x  4  , x  .
2 
(iii) State a sequence of transformations that will transform the graph of p on to the graph of q.
Hence state the line of symmetry for the graph of q. [3]
Answers
(i) 1  y  1
(iii) Translation by 4 units in the positive x-direction, followed by
-Stretch of factor 2 parallel to the x-axis.
Alternative Answers:
Stretch of factor 2 parallel to the x-axis, followed by
Translation by 8 units in the positive x-direction

VJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q4

The curve C has equation  y  4    x  3  4 . Sketch C, giving the coordinates of any turning
2 2

points and the equations of any asymptotes. [3]

Hence find the set of values of m such that the straight line with gradient m that passes through
the point  3, 4  intersects C at least once. [2]
Answers

m  : m  1 or m  1 

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Graphs and Transformations

VJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q7

The diagram below shows the curve with equation y  f  x  . The curve crosses the x-and y-axes
 8
at the points  2k , 0  ,  k , 0  and  0,   where k  0 . The curve has an oblique asymptote
 3
y  x  1 and vertical asymptote x  3 .
y

y=x–1

x
(k, 0)

1
(i) On separate diagram, sketch the graph of y  , including the coordinates of the
f  x
points where the graph crosses the axes and the equations of any asymptotes. [3]

x 2  ax  b
(ii) It is further known that f  x   where a, b and c are constants. Find the values
xc
of a, b and c. [4]
Answers
(i)

(ii) a  2 , b  8 , c  3

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Graphs and Transformations

YJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

yy
y = f (2x)  1
C(3, 3)
A(0, 2)

x
O B(2, 0) x

x=1

The diagram shows the curve y  f (2 x)  1 with a maximum point at C(3, 3). The curve crosses
the axes at the points A(0, 2) and B(2, 0). The line x = 1 and the x-axis are the asymptotes of the
curve.

On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of

(i) y = f (x), [2]

(ii) y = f '(x), [2]
stating clearly the equations of the asymptotes and the coordinates of the points corresponding to
A, B and C where appropriate.
Answers
(ii) (i)
y y

(6,4)

(0,3)

(4, 1) y=1
(6, 0)
x x

x=2 x=2

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Graphs and Transformations

YJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q7

ax 2  bx  8
The curve C has equation y  , where a and b are constants. It is given that C has
x2
asymptote y = 3  2x.

(i) Find the value of a and show that b = 7. [3]

(ii) Sketch C, stating clearly the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of any
stationary points and any points of intersection with the axes. [3]

(iii) By drawing another suitable curve on the same diagram, deduce the number of real roots
of the equation  2 x 2  7 x  8  25  x  2   0 .
2 3
[3]
Answers
y (i) a =  2
(ii)

(0, 4)

(1,3)

x
O

(3, −5)
y = 3  2x

x=2

(iii) number of real roots is 2

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Graphs and Transformations

ADVANCED LEVEL

PJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q3

(a) State a sequence of transformations which transform the graph of
y  ln  2 x  1 to the graph of y  ln 
3 
 . [3]
 2x 1 

(b) It is given that

 ax 0  x  1,

f  x  a 1  x  2,
3a  ax 2  x  3,


1
and that f  x  3  f  x  , for all real values of x, where a is a positive
2
constant.

(i) Sketch the graph of y  f  x  for 2  x  8 . [3]

2
(ii) Find, in terms of a, 0 f   x  dx . [1]


(iii) Find the value of the constant a for which  f  x  dx  16 .
0
[2]
Answers
(a)
Step 1 : Translate by 1 unit in the direction of the x-axis.
Step 2 : reflection about the x-axis.
Step 3 : Translate by ln3 units in the direction of the y-axis.
(b)(i)

(b)(ii) 3a
(b)(iii) a  4

Graphs and Transformations 20 | P a g e

Graphs and Transformations

TJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q3

y

x
O 4 A

The diagram above shows a circle C which passes through the origin O and the points A and B.
It is given that OA  4 units and OB  3 units.
 3
(i) Show that the coordinates of the centre of C is  2,  . Hence write down the equation of
 2
2
 3
C in the form  x  2    y    r 2 , where r is a constant to be determined.
2
[2]
 2

(ii) By adding a suitable line to the diagram above, find the range of values of m for which the
3 25
equation mx    ( x  2)2 has a solution. [4]
2 4
Answers
1
(ii) m  3 or m 
3

Graphs and Transformations 21 | P a g e