I.

OPENING STATEMENT
The Philippines' recorded history would be insufficient as a foundation for
comprehending present society if it did not include the contributions of Chinese
Mestizos to our nation's growth.
A Chinese mestizo was defined as a person born to a Chinese father and an
Indio mother. Following generations were labeled as Chinese mestizo. A mestiza, as
well as their children, who married a Chinese or mestizo, were all classified as
mestizos. However, a Chinese mestiza who married an Indio was recorded as Indio,
along with her offspring.
IIa. 1ST REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Chinese mestizo rose to prominence between 1741 and 1898,
primarily as a landholder and a middleman wholesaler of local produce and
foreign imports, although there were also mestizos in the professions. The
rise of the mestizos implies the existence of social change during the
Spanish period, a condition that has been ignored or implicitly denied by

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many who have written about the Philippines. It needs to be emphasized
that the mestizo impact was greatest in Central Luzon, Cebu, and Iloilo. We

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cannot as yet generalize about other areas (Wickberg, 2009).

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IIb. ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION OF THE 1ST RRL
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Chinese mestizos were recognized as an economic asset in the Philippines
during the Spanish colonial period. They are primarily landholder and a middleman
wholesaler of local products as well as foreign imports. There were so many Chinese in
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Manila at the time that they outnumbered the Spaniards by a large margin.
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The removal of legal restrictions on Chinese economic activity and the

competition of new Chinese immigrants, however, drove a large number of mestizos
out of the commercial sector in mid-nineteenth century. As a result, many Chinese
mestizos invested in land, particularly in Central Luzon.
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IIIa. 2nd REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Chinese mestizos` economic wealth had a great effect in increasing their
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standards of living and their social prestige. Unwilling to accept the limits of the past,
the members of this middle class would express themselves in novel artistic terms. By
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the mid-19th century elegance was replacing mere comfort in the houses of rich (Tan,
1986).

Much like many Filipinos at that time, the Chinese who chose to settle in the
Philippines in the 17th to 19th centuries proved to be resilient, resourceful, and
stubborn in the face of abuse, maltreatment, and racism.

IIIb. ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION OF THE 2nd RRL

Also a factor that had a great effect in the rise of the Chinese mestizos during
Spanish colonial period in the Philippines is their wealth. They are merchants that
imports products from provinces in to Manila where the demand is high which results
to high profit. As years goes by Chinese mestizos gains more wealth which results for
them to study prestigious schools and educate their offspring. Education became also
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 a factor of social prominence of them as they became more aware of their rights and
learned ways of how to fight for it.

IV. GENERAL CONCLUSION

Wealth and knowledge became the major factor of the Chinese mestizos to
become prominent in the 18th century. They used their resources rightfully and
manage to make it as their future asset in staying in the Philippines during Spanish
colonial period. They also became part of the Philippines` freedom from the colonizers
as they also helped them in regaining it. Today, Chinese mestizos are important
factors that made the history of the Philippines from where it is now.
V. CLOSING STATEMENT
Everyone has their own resources who we have to utilize effectively to make it
as our greatest asset. Just like how Chinese mestizos became influential in the 18 th
century. They took risk in their journey as they don’t know what is waiting for them
but they still trust their selves that something good will happen.
The Chinese who opted to live in the Philippines in the 17th to 19th centuries,
like many Filipinos at the time, proved to be tenacious, resourceful, and stubborn in

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the face of mistreatment, maltreatment, and bigotry.

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VI. REFERENCES

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Wickberg, E. (1964). The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History. Journal of Southeast
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Asian History, 5(1), 62-100. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002222 Retrieved from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-southeast-asian-
history/article/abs/chinese-mestizo-in-philippine-
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history/7EFA0FF2223DFC834791A75476F0FC71#
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Tan Antonio S. The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality. In:
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Archipel, volume 32, 1986. pp. 141-162. Retrieved from:

https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1986_num_32_1_2316
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