Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 2 Research Group 2
Chapter 2 Research Group 2
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
patterns that may be verbal or physical thereby affecting the health of the victim. It is a
fast growing issue in almost all the school everywhere. This unfair behavior at
workplace has leads many victims to commit suicide. This broad issue needs to be
addressed in a very systematic manner. These negative behaviors can occur between
Zapf (1999) article tries to find out the various causes of mobbing or bullying at
workplaces. It increases the level of stress thereby affecting the health of the victim to a
great extent. At times mobbing or bullying can be aggressive. The most common form
The level of anxiety and depression increases in case of the persons who get bullied.
Einarsen and Hoel (2001) have tried to figure out the differences between the
personal bullying which is also termed as exposure and the behaviors that lead to
harassment at workplaces. The behaviors such as gossiping, remarks that are insulting,
teasing a person, extensive criticism and work related bullying. Such behaviors give rise
or exposure to other behaviors such as; deadlines that are unreasonable, excessive
at any stage in an organization. It can take place at all organizational levels. The victims
of bullying can be either a male or a female or even both i.e. gender does notmatter.
The level of bullying is quite high not only in organizations related to healthcare, but also
Aasland et al. (2010) the study has tried to find out the prevalence of destructive
and constructive leaderships play a very important role at the workplaces. The study
has used two methods for estimation: the OCM method i.e. the Operational
Classification Method and the LCC Method i.e. the Latent Class Cluster Method. These
two methods are used to determine the destructive leadership and it’s found that it
Achilleos (2011) states that it is very difficult to realize bullying. Bullying takes the
form of abuse and intimidation and it is a repeated act. The aftereffects of bullying are
Bullying is a deliberate action and is not accidental. It is in fact intimidation with clear
intent. The victim of bullying is always in fear and threat resulting in stress. This
Anderson (2011) in his article stated that nurses are more prone to workplace
bullying. The worst part is that the violent which is either horizontal or lateral is
increasing day by day and is escalating. Many a times such violence which is nurse to
nurse violence gets under reported. Lateral violence refers to the silent treatment given
workplace increases. This in turn affects the turnover and adversely affects the patients
legislation was passed in Victoria and NSW where the provisions provide for
Anjum et al. (2011) workplace bullying results in high costs not only to the victims
but as well as to the organizations. Workplace bullying is basically verbal in nature and
its impact can be devastating. It adversely affects the job of the victims.
work and bullying within various departments. The departments where workplace
bullying takes place have poor social work environment. The research paper has
psychological factors and bullying in various departments. The research was based on
a study between the relationship of qualitative demands, job control, role demands,
leadership behavior and social climate with observed bullying. In this research, the work
environment hypothesis has been one of the leading factors of bullying at workplaces
bullying. The most frequently documented precursors of bullying in accordance with the
hypothesis of work environment are the characteristics of the organization and the
psycho-social work environment. The research results clearly indicate the poor social
work environment existing within the various departments thereby leading to bullying.
Appelbaum et al. (2012) aim is to find out about bullying at workplaces, its
causes, its effects, its consequences and its control. It is necessary to impart the top
brass or the managers the skills of managing to device a control system so as to reduce
most effective tools are transformational leadership and ethical leadership. It is also
workplaces.
employees working relationship with performance. The strong contributor towards work
performance was person related bullying. It causes negative effects on worker’s health
chronic adjustment disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. The behaviors related
to bullying includes spreading rumors or gossips, insulting, ignoring the work, ignoring
the person, public humiliation, privacy intruding, yelling etc. Deliberate or unconscious
bullying clearly results in an insult and offence and causes distress to one or more
workers. This in turn, interferes with work environment. There is an impact on job
performance as it sheds light on how workplace bullying leads to uncertainty and work
Ariza-Montes et al. (2013) indicates high rate of workplace bullying in the sector
of healthcare. The problem is more prevalent where the workers work in shifts. It is this
rotating task of the workers that leads to bullying at workplace. As a result of shifts, the
workers feel less satisfied at the workplace and the level of stress increases. This in
turn adversely affects their promotion chances, reason being lack of concentration due
to increased level of stress, which in turn leads to no promotion. The best remedy is to
increase the resources in job and reduce the demands in job. It is necessary to
Adebayo and Juliet (2014) teachers get bullying in educational institutions which
have detrimental effects on the students resulting in low morale among not only the
teachers, but also the students. It adversely affects the high turnover of trained staff and
poor quality of students’ results. The higher the educational qualifications of teachers
the higher is harassment and bullying thus resulting in poor performance. The teachers
are often subjected to belittling remarks either about their work or about their personal
life.
West et al. (2014) rapid changes in the technology have resulted in blurring of
workplace, the employers are under pressure to develop certain guidelines and policies
towards proper and appropriate use of technology. Due to lack of understanding or even
terminology, employers are seeking response from lawmakers to assist with the issues
of cyber bullying. There is boom of technologies in the market from social media
technologies to unlimited use of internet and mobile tools, which has helped the bullies
to target their victims easily. Persons who are cyber- bullied experience higher extent of
mental strain and lower job satisfaction. The biggest drawback in this type of bullying is
that the boundaries are extensive and blurred as such there is no limit for reach and
Bowling et al. (2015) argue that such problems like harassment, bullying,
mistreatment etc. have hampered growth of both, the organization as well as the
employees. In a way, the scientific progress has been hampered. The research
between abuse and frustration whereas, there is a negative relationship between abuse
and job satisfaction, there is a negative relationship between abuse and life satisfaction
Abdelrazek and Elhosany (2016) studied the problems faced by the nursing staff
which was dominated by emotional abuse. It studied the leadership environment along
with the potential leadership qualities of the nurses and their creative abilities. The