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  • 1.7. Seed: Functions of Seeds

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    Saroj Gautam
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    1. A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a protective seed coat that contains stored food. Seeds are a means of reproduction through sexual reproduction, which mixes genetic material and creates phenotype variability selected by natural selection. 2. Good quality seed is genetically pure, physically sound, has high vigor and longevity. It utilizes resources efficiently to provide a reasonable yield for farmers. Seed is the link between generations and the basic agricultural input. 3. There are different types and quality levels of seeds including nucleus, breeder, foundation, and certified seeds which have decreasing levels of genetic purity from 100% to 99.0% respectively. Certified seeds for commercial sale must meet certain purity, disease, and characteristic standards

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    1. A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a protective seed coat that contains stored food. Seeds are a means of reproduction through sexual reproduction, which mixes genetic material and creates phenotype variability selected by natural selection. 2. Good quality seed is genetically pure, physically sound, has high vigor and longevity. It utilizes resources efficiently to provide a reasonable yield for farmers. Seed is the link between generations and the basic agricultural input. 3. There are different types and quality levels of seeds including nucleus, breeder, foundation, and certified seeds which have decreasing levels of genetic purity from 100% to 99.0% respectively. Certified seeds for commercial sale must meet certain purity, disease, and characteristic standards

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    15 views1 page

    1.7. Seed: Functions of Seeds

    Uploaded by

    Saroj Gautam
    1. A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a protective seed coat that contains stored food. Seeds are a means of reproduction through sexual reproduction, which mixes genetic material and creates phenotype variability selected by natural selection. 2. Good quality seed is genetically pure, physically sound, has high vigor and longevity. It utilizes resources efficiently to provide a reasonable yield for farmers. Seed is the link between generations and the basic agricultural input. 3. There are different types and quality levels of seeds including nucleus, breeder, foundation, and certified seeds which have decreasing levels of genetic purity from 100% to 99.0% respectively. Certified seeds for commercial sale must meet certain purity, disease, and characteristic standards

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    General Conditions for Cultivation of Crops

    1.7. Seed • Breeder /Nucleus - 100%


    • Foundation seed - 99.5%

    A ’seed’ (in some plants, referred to as a ‘kernel’)


    is a small embryonic ’plant’ enclosed in a cov-
    ering called the seed coat, usually with some ‘stored
    •
    • Certified seed - 99.0%
    Required level of physical purity for certifica-
    tion
    food’. Seeds fundamentally are a means of repro- • All crops - 98%
    duction and most seeds are the product of ‘sexual • Carrot - 95%
    reproduction’, which remixes genetic material and • High pure seed percentage
    ‘phenotype variability’ that ‘natural selection’ acts • Bhendi - 99.0 %
    upon. • Sesame, soybean & jute - 97.0 %
    The seed is the basic input in agriculture upon • Ground nut - 96.0 %
    which other inputs are applied. A good vigorous • Free from other crop seeds
    seed utilizes all the resources and realizes a reason- • Free from designated diseases like loose smut
    able output to the grower. It is wealth to the farmer in wheat
    since yesterday’s harvest is tomorrow’s hope. Good • Free from objectionable weed seed like wild
    seed in good soil realizes a good yield. Moreover, it paddy in paddy
    is the link between two generations. • Have good shape, size, colour, etc. according to
    specifications of variety
    Functions of seeds • Have high physical soundness and weight
    • Posses high physiological vigour and stamina
    • Nourishment of the embryo • Posses high longevity and shelf life
    • Dispersal to a new location • Have optimum moisture content for storage
    • Dormancy during unfavourable conditions • Long term storage: 8% and below
    • Short term storage: 10-13%
    Characteristics of good seed • Have high market value
    • Genetically pure

    Seed types and characteristics


    Seed Type Characteristics Genetic Purity Tag Colour

    Nucleus Seed Produced by the breeder and it is genetically pure 100% -


    seed
    Breeder Seed Produced by the breeder from nucleus seed 100% Yellow
    Foundation Seed Produced by the breeder seed under the supervi- 99.5% White
    sion of the concerned seed certification agency
    Certified Seed Certified seed is the progeny of foundation seed 99.0% Azar Blue
    and its production is supervised and approved by
    certification agency.
    The seed of this class is normally produced by the
    State and National Seeds Corporation and Private
    Seed Companies on the farms of progressive grow-
    ers.
    This is the commercial seed which is available to
    the farmers.

    Farmer’s Handbook on Basic Agriculture 21

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