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Smart contracts defined
Smart contracts are simply programs stored on a blockchain that run when
predetermined conditions are met. They typically are used to automate the execution of
an agreement so that all participants can be immediately certain of the outcome, without
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any intermediary's involvement or time loss. They can also automate a workflow,
triggering the next action when conditions are met.
> Learn more about blockchain technology
> Learn more about IBM Blockchain
How smart contracts work
Smart contracts work by following simple “if/when...then...” statements that are written
into code on a blockchain. A network of computers executes the actions when
predetermined conditions have been met and verified. These actions could include
releasing funds to the appropriate parties, registering a vehicle, sending notifications, or
issuing a ticket. The blockchain is then updated when the transaction is completed. That
means the transaction cannot be changed, and only parties who have been granted
permission can see the results.
Within a smart contract, there can be as many stipulations as needed to satisfy the
participants that the task will be completed satisfactorily. To establish the terms,
participants must determine how transactions and their data are represented on the
blockchain, agree on the “if/when...then...” rules that govern those transactions, explore
all possible exceptions, and define a framework for resolving disputes.
Then the smart contract can be programmed by a developer ~ although increasingly,
organizations that use blockchain for business provide templates, web interfaces, and
other online tools to simplify structuring smart contracts.
> What is blockchain for business?
Benefits of smart contracts
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Speed, efficiency and accuracy
Once a condition is met, the contract is executed immediately. Because smart contracts are
digital and automated, there’s no paperwork to process and no time spent reconciling errors
that often result from manually filling in documents.
Trust and transparency
Because there's no third party involved, and because encrypted records of transactions are
shared across participants, there’s no need to question whether information has been
altered for personal benefit.
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Security
Blockchain transaction records are encrypted, which makes them very hard to hack.
Moreover, because each record is connected to the previous and subsequent records on a
distributed ledger, hackers would have to alter the entire chain to change a single record.
Savings
‘Smart contracts remove the need for intermediaries to handle transactions and, by
extension, their associated time delays and fees.
Applications of smart contracts
‘Smart contracts can be used across industries to streamline and automate doing
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business down the street or around the world.
Reimagine dispute resolution
Discrepancies in financial settlements are costly, taking weeks or months to research and
resolve. Smart contracts that codify agreed-upon business rules automate processes such
as identifying discrepancies, reconciling documents, settling transactions, and resolving
disputes.
B_ Read the blog on invoice reconciliation and dispute resolution
Build a resilient supply chain
IBM Blockchain supply chain solutions use smart contracts to streamline the flow of goods
by automatically triggering next steps when conditions are met, such as shipping, delivery,
and acceptable IoT data about conditions during handling, Participants can act earlier to
prevent disruptions should an unexpected event occur.
> Lear about IBM Blockchain for Supply Chain
Bring trust to trade finance
Smart contracts are an essential component of we.trade, the trade finance network
convened by IBM Blockchain that is creating an ecosystem of trust for global trade.
Standardized rules and simplified trading options encoded in smart contracts decrease risk
and help participants find new opportu
Ch Watch we.trade transforming trade finance (03:38)
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Reinvent bank letters of guarantee
Using blockchain and smart contracts, a consortium of banks digitized and transformed the
bank guarantee process for both financial and performance guarantees. The new platform,
Lygon, enables applicants, issuers and beneficiaries to obtain legally binding guarantees in
‘one day.
1 See how Lygon took the paper out of bank guarantees (03:20)
Resources
What is blockchain?
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Learn from the ground up what blockchain is all about and how it can benefit your
organization. At no cost to you, download a copy of IBM's Blockchain for Dummies guide.
Blockchain industry applications
Remove friction, build trust and unlock new value with IBM Blockchain. See how blockchain
is solving problems for businesses and industries and get inspired.
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i
IBM Blockchain Services
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Co-create with the industry’s leading blockchain services provider. We can help you build a
scalable business network underpinned by the best technology.
> See IBM Blockchain Services
Writing smart contracts
The IBM Blockchain Platform supports smart contracts written in Go and Node,js. Read this
tutorial to learn how to get started writing encoded business logic, terms and conditions for
execution on blockchain.
> Learn about writing smart contracts
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tygfMoral
—“ Fabric.
> Deploy a smart contract on the network
Related solutions
Supply chain transparency
Create a blockchain ecosystem to share data with your supply chain partners, with
transactions that are more efficient and built on trust.
—> Learn about IBM Blockchain Transparent Supply
Blockchain for trade finance
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Pull down invisible barriers to growth and reinvent trade and trade finance with our
network-convening expertise and the industry's leading platform.
> Learn about blockchain for trade finance
Blockchain for food supply
Growers, distributors and retailers can build trust and make our food safer, by enhancing
visibility and accountability in every step of the food supply.
> Learn about IBM Food Trust™
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