Name : Novita Angreini

Class : PBI 4
NIM : 1830205130

SEMANTICS ASSIGNMENT

A. QUESTION
1. Identify some languages that are not natural human languages!
2. Think of any supporting evidence for the assumption that meaning in natural
languages is very responsive to, and often a reflex of, human perception and
conception!
3. A whistle is used in different semiotic systems by a football referee, a policeman
directing traffic, the doorman of a five-star hotel, and once upon a time by a
workman on a building site when a young woman walks by. Comment on what all
these systems have in common and yet how in each one the whistle has a distinct
purpose. What is/are the language counterparts to the whistle?
4. Discuss why it is that human languages are regularly referred to as ‘natural
languages’ yet Grice referred to their meanings as ‘meaning’?
5. What difference can you detect between language as an abstract entity on the one
hand, and language as either a physical or psychological object?

B. ANSWER
1. the languages that are not natural human languages is called animal language.
Animal language is not natural human language, because animal just to produce the
sounds. Animal communicate by using a variety of signs such as sounds or
movement. For example, the cats use their sound to communicate each other.
2. When someone feels sad or happy, reflexively his tone of speech and gestures or his
expression immediately chages base what he feels. For example, when someone feels
sad, of course a natural language appears, namely crying and sulky but it's make his
calm. Different when someone is happy, of course the expression show smiling or
laughing. it is proof evidence that natural language is very responsive and often
reflexes, human perceptions and conceptions.
3. All these semiotic whistle systems are used as communicative tools for humans to
instruct something or give a signal. The difference is in the way they blow the whistle
each semiotic system will produce different sounds for different meanings. The same
language as the whistle is "clapping", it is also used to instruct something or even give
a signal. In general, whistled language mimics the tone or vowel formant of natural
spoken language, as well as its intonation and prosody aspects, so that trained
 listeners speaking the language can understand the encoded message. This is
especially common in tonal languages where the whistling note transmits the syllable
tone (the melodic tone of the words).
4. as Paul Grice wrote about natural and non-natural meanings which are then
understood by humans into natural and artificial languages. The general label 'natural
language' refers to the language used by humans (spoken, written, etc.) and vice versa
the opposite of 'artificial language' includes programming languages, codes,
encryption and the like. which means that language is understood and built not for
direct use by humans. The middle way, we have what is usually called 'artificial
language': not strictly 'natural' but aimed primarily at human (or non-human) use as if
they were 'natural'.
5. language as an abstract entity is a concept formed by extracting general features from
specific or certain examples. Meanwhile, language as either a physical and
psychological object is a concept of language that uses additional terms needed for
quantitative purposes.