1. What is the name of the tool that helps in zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc?

Ans. interpolation

2.which of the following color model is used for printing?

Ans. CMYK

3IN _____each method pixel is given by the product of all pixels in the subimage area raised to the
power 1/mn

Ans . Geometric mean filter

4 What are the two approaches to segmentation?

Ans Region based segmentation and edge segmentation

5 In image enhancement reduced dataset contains only _____of the pixels found in the original scene

Ans . One fourth(25%)

6 Nearest-neighbor ,bilinear interpolation ,or cubic convolution are used as _____

Ans . resampling algorithm

7 GY= [1 2 1; 0 0 0; -1 -2 -1 ](; indicates start of new row)

Ans. A

8 Which of the following is impractical to measure?

Ans . brightness

9 How is sampling been done when an image is generated by a single sensing element combined with
mechanical motion?

Ans. the number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data.
10 Sum of all components in normalized histogram is equal to

Ans . 1

11Let g(r,c) represent the remaining mn-d pixels in Sxy.Afilter formed by averaging these remaining
pixels is called as_____

Ans Alpha Trimmed Mean filter

12 Which ratio gives a measure of the level of info bearing signal power that is of the
original,undergraded image to the level of noise power?

Ans. SNR

13 _____attempts to recover an image that has been degraded by using a priori knowledge of the
degradation phenomenon

Ans Restoration

14Relative data redundancy ® is given by _____(C is compression Ratio)

Ans. B 1-1/c

15 If P(E)=1 it meAns that event______

Ans. always occur

16 _____ is used to extract the most appropriate location of an edge when there is a gradual change in
intensity level

Ans. laplacian operator

17 Image analysts often specify mink and maxk that lie a certain percentage of pixels from the mean of
the histogram. This is called a ______

Ans Percentage Linear Contrast Stretch

18 The objective of the sharpening filter is_____

Ans . Highlight the intensity trAnsitions

19 Which morphological operation is used for smoothing the contour of an object in grayscale image?

Ans Erosion

20Median filters belong to which category of filter?

Ans order static filter

21 An alphabet consist if the letters A,B,C and D…….

Ans . A=0 B=111C=110D=10

22 ______filter is used to emphasize high frequency components representing the image details without
eliminating low frequency components representing the basic form of signals.

Ans . High boost filter

23. In Chromaticity Diagram which statement(s) is (are) true?

Statement 1: Points on the boundary are pure spectrum colours.

Statement 2: As the point moves towards point of equal energy, more weight light is added to the
colour and becomes less standard

Statement 3 : Saturation at point of equal energy is non zero

Ans. Statement 2 & Statement 3

24Functions that are not periodic can be expressed as the integral of sines and/or cosines multiplied by
a weighing function .This is known as____

Ans .fourier trAnsform

25. A digital boundary can be approximated with arbitrary accuracy by a polygon,one of the most
powerful is representing a boundary by a _______
Ans Minimum-perimeter polygon

26. A Binary image consists of disks of sizes 3,7,9,15 pixels. We want to remove all the disks of size less
than 13 pixels. Which morphological operation performs the task?

Ans B.Erotion with structuring element(disk) or size 13

27 For a continuous image f(x,y), quantization is defined as

Ans digitizing amplitude values

28 A 2-D lowpass filter passes without attenuation all frequencies within a circle of radius from the
origin and cuts off all frequencies outside this circles is called an______

Ans ILPF

29 _______ trAnsfer functions are connstructed as products of highpass filter trAnsfer functions whose
centers have been trAnslated to the centers of the notches

Ans .Notchreject filter

30 What is the thickness of the edges produced by the first order derivatives when composed to that of
second order derivatives?

Ans.thicker

31.___ procedure consists of first isolating the principle contributions of the interference pattern and
then subtracting a variable weighted portion of the pattern from the corrupted images

Ans optimum notch filtering

32 Whcih of the following operation involves structured erosion using image patter matching?
Ans Thinning

33. ___ segmentation approaches are based on partintioning an image into regions that are similar
according to a set of predefined criteria

Ans. Region based

34 The property indicating that the output of a linear operation due to the sum of two inputs is same as
performing the operation on the inputs individually and them summing results is called__

Ans Additivity

35 The absence of receptors is in the retinal area called__

Ans, Blind spot

36 Which of the following the three principal ways to eliminate the degradation function for use in
image restoration?

Ans Interpretation

37.Which of the following second order operator is most sensitive to noise in edge filtering?

Ans. Sobel Operator

38.____ represents the trAnsition between image function continuous values and its digital equivalent

Ans. Quantization

39 Coding redundancy works on______

Ans intensity

40. The unary code of 5 is

Ans.111110
41. In which of the following code channels in HSI color model we apply neighborhood operations like
smoothing , sharpening?

Ans. All of the above

42 Which of the following is lossly compression technique?

Ans Block truncation Coding

43. Suppose storing an image made up of a square array of 256x256 pixels required 65536 bytes. The
image is compressed and the compressed version requires 8192. Bytes. Then the compression ratio is

B 43.- 4 is to 1

44 Histogram equilisation is mainly used for which purpose?

Ans Enhancement of Images 44.c

45. The grayscale erosion of f by a structuring elements b at location f(x,y) is defined as_________

Ans the minimum value of the image in the region coincident with b(x,y)......

46. In linear spatial filtering, what is the pixel of the image under mask corresponding to the mask …...

Ans. D. f(x+1, y-1)

47. Name of technique where pixels are allocated to categories according to the range of value in

which in pixel lies:

Ans. Thresholding based segmentation

48. When n _______ are used, feature vectors necome n-dimensinal and the space containing them is
referred to as ….

Ans. Descriptors

49. The process of backprojecting 1-D signal across 2-D area is referred to as _____ the projection back
across the area.

Ans. Smearing

50. Which of the following measures are not used to describe a region?

Ans. Number of pixels alone

51 When n___ are used , feature vectors become n-dimensional and the space containing them is
referred to as feature space.

Ans, Descriptors

52 ___ is the operation of taking a corrupt/noisy image and estimating the original image

Ans, Image Restoration

53 Which of the following is/are true for image compression?

i.it is used to reduce storage space

Ii.it help in bandwidth red,.....

Ans, Both i or ii

54. CAT is imaging stands for

ANs, Computerised Axial Tomography

55 The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is

Ans Photodiode

56. Which of the following is not a morphological operation?

Ans. Thresholding

57 The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is

Ans Single Pixel Operation

58 In the frequencies in the band are filtered out then the band filter is called

Ans BandReject filter

59. Let Sxy represent the set of coordinates in a rectangular subimage window of size m x n centered on
point(x,y) . the ____ computed image g(x,y) in the area defined by Sxy.

Ans. D, Arithmetic mean filter

60 Which of the following is true about closing?

Ans fill gap in the contour

61The minimum and maximum value of k in band are___

Ans Image statistical values(not sure)

62 Which of the following is an example of similarity based approach to image segmentation

Ans Region-based

63 Which of the following mask is used or line detection? (; indicates start of a new row)

Ans,[0 1 0; 1 -4 1; 0 1 0]
64 Dilation and erosion can be used in combination with image subtraction to obtain the morphological
____

Ans gradient

65 The shape of a butterworth filter is controlled by a perimeter called the____

Ans filter order

66 Which of the following chromatically coefficients are represented in the chromaticity diagram

Ans Red and green

67 Which of this is not an most common noice PDFs found in image processing applications?

Ans Invisible

68 What do you mean by achromatic light?

Ans monochromatic light

69 in Chromaticity DIagram ,

i) Points on the boundary are fully saturated

ii) as the point moves toward the point of equal energy , more white light is added to the color and
become less saturated

iii) saturation at point of equal energy is zero

Options :

A. i and ii

B i , ii and iii

C ii and iii

D i and ii

ANS. ii and iii

70 Which property states multiplying f(x,y) by the exponential shown shifts the origin of the DFT to
(u0,v0)) and conversely multiplying F(u,v) by the negative of that exponential shifts the origin of f(x,y)
to(x0,y0)

Ans Translation

71 Where do we find white color in chromaticity diagram?

Ans Inside

72 ______is a colour attribute that describes a pure color

Ans Hue

73 Contrast enhancement also referred to as ___

Ans contrast stretching

74 In which of the following application(s),image registration is used

Ans image fusion or Template matching

75 In the visible spectrum the ___ colour has the max wavelength

Ans Red

76 Enhancement of differences between images is based on the principle of___

Ans homogeneity

77 Which of the following compression techniques assigns a single code to entire input sequence
instead of coding individually?

Ans huffman coding

78 In ____ each restored pixel is given the product of all the pixels in the subimage area raised to the
power 1/mn
Ans. Geometric mean filter

79 ___ is a process of removing the extra tail pixel in an image

Erosion

Ans. Pruning

80 Digital image magnification is usually performed for__

Ans. Enlarge or match the scale of an image

81 In gray level morphology , combining image subtraction with opening results in ______

Thinning

Ans. top hat transformation

82 Which of the following is a second order derivatives operator?

ANs. Laplacian

83 if color is used in feature then a region in an RGB image would be represented as a set of ____

Ans. feature vectors

84. When the denominator is the gamma function(b) is as shown the density is more appropriately
called the

Ans. Enlarge Density

85 In Order statistic filter the 0th percentile filter is the___

Ans. Min filter

86 What are primary colors in pigments?

ANs. Magenta Yellow Cyan

87 Sobel and prewitt operators are used for which of the following purpose?

Ans, Edge detection

88 For Point detection we use

Ans. second derivative

89 Which of the following is the primary objection of sharpening of an image?

Ans. Highlight fine details in the image

90 The ___ is the simplest of the mean filter same as the box filter

ANs. Arithmertic mean filter

91. When D(u,v)=D0___function is down to 0.607 of its maximum value 1.0

Ans. GLPF transfer

92 Power-law transformations has the basic form of ___ where c and triangle are constants

Ans. s=c*r (triangle)

93 for continuous image f(x,y) how could be Sampling defined?

Ans. Digitizing the coordinate values

94 A commercial use of image subtraction is _____

Ans. Mask Mode Radiography

95 which of the following measures are not used to describe a region

Ans. Number of pixel alone

96 Gradient magnitude images are most useful in ____

Ans edge detection

97 Which of the following derivatives produce a double response step changes in gray level?

Ans. Second Order derivative

98 To eliminate the small holes in the binary images , the appropriate operations is_____

Ans, closing

99 The reflection of set X is the _____

Ans. {w|w= -x }

100 which algorithm transform image data into scale -invariant coordinate relative to local image
features?

Ans SIFT

101 Points on the inside of the boundary are _______ because there are no discontinuities in intensity in
those regions.

Ans black

102 Continuous spectrum cannot be of unless we discretize it, discretization ensures that we get specific
frequencies. This _________

Ans IDWT
103 The Subtraction of eroded image from the original image creates___

Ans. Boundary

104 which of the following is true for vertical sobel operator?

Gy=[1 2 1;000 ; -1 -2 -1] )(; indicates start of new row)

Ans.Perform averaging in horizontal direction and differentiation in vertical direction

105 The technique of allocating fixed one- to - one relationship between intensity and specified colors is
called as__

Gray level to color transmission

Intensity slicing

Color transformation

Color complements

Ans.

106. . Which of the following colour models is suitable from the perception point of view?

Ans HSI

107. Which of the following color model is suitable from printing point of view?

Ans Only III

108 In optics the impulse becomes a point of light and h(z,alpha,y,beta) is commonly referred to as
the_____

Ans point spread function

109.The nonlinear contrast stretch involves scaling the input data__

Ans logarithmically
110. How many number of steps are archived in image….

Ans. 10

111. Which of the following is the most suitable metric for mismatch measure in template matching?

Ans Normalised cross relation

112. Histogram matching is also called as____

Ans Histogram specification

113.

114. A huffman encoder takes a set of characters with fixed length and produces a set of characters of

Ans. Variable length

115 Substracting a lowpass filter transfer function from _____yields the corresponding highpass filter
transfer function in the frequency domain

Ans one

116 If every element of a set A is also an element os a set B,then A is said to be a ____ of set B

Ans subset

117 Range of Hue in HSI model is___

Ans 0-1

118 In which of the following cases,we wouldn’t worry about the behaviour of sharpening filter?

Ans Slow varying gray values

119_______in the frequency domain consists of modifying the transform of an image,then computing
the inverse transform to obtain the spatial domain representation of the processed result.
Ans Filtering

120 Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called

Ans photon

121 Which of the following is NOT an application of image multiplication?

Ans pixelation

122 Huffman coding is an encoding algorithm used for____

Ans lossless data compression

123 Of the following ,_____ has the maximum frequency

Ans Gamma rays

124 ____ is the first stage of the SIFT algorithm is to find image locations that are invariant to scale
change.

Ans scale space function

125 Assigns fixed-length code words to variable length sequences of source symbols and doesn’t require
prior knowledge…..

Ans LZW coding

126 Vector Quantization is an encoding algorithm used for_____

Ans lossy data compression

127The___works well for salt noise or Gaussian nase but fails for pepper nose

Ans Harmonic mean filter

128 Which operations modify the brightness values of each pixel in an image de inopendent of the d

Ans point operations

129 Which of this is not a type of mean filters

Ans median filter

130 In spatial domain, which of the following operation is done on the pixels in sharpening the image

Ans Differentiation

131 Which filter is well suited for reducing or virtually eliminating the effects of salt and pepper noice?

Ans Contraharmonic filter

132 What is the first and foremost step in image processing?

Ans Image acquisition

133In Contraharmonic mean filter for positive values of Q , the filter eliminates _______ .

Ans Pepper noise

134 Which type of noise in images typically arises from electrical or electromechanical interference
during image acquisition?

Ans Periodic noise

135 What is the next step in image processing after compression?

Ans Morphological processing

136 boundary code formed as a sequence of directional numbers is referred to as a ____

Ans Freeman chain code

137 The quality of a digital image is well determined by ____

Ans The number of samples

138 Any periodic function can be expressed as the sum of sines and/or cosines of different frequencies
each multiplied by a different coefficient.This is known as _____.

Ans Fourier series

139

140