Backup Procedures for Batch Systems Using Direct Access Files

BACKUP OF MASTER FILES IN A REALTIME SYSTEM

 Real-time systems pose a more difficult problem because transactions are being processed
continuously.

 Backup procedures are therefore scheduled at prespecified intervals throughout the day (e.g., every 15
minutes).

Backup Procedures for Real-Time Processing System

OUTPUT CONTROLS

 Controlling Hard-Copy Output

• OUTPUT SPOOLING: Spooling is directing an application’s output to a magnetic disk file rather than to
the printer directly.

• PRINT PROGRAMS

• WASTE

• REPORT DISTRIBUTION

• END-USER CONTROLS

 Controlling Digital Output

Stages in the Output Process