Differentiation [1]

01 Differentiation
• Trigonometric functions.
Revision
d
m Rate of change: 1) (sinx) = cosx
dx
• The rate of change in a function at a point with d
respect to the variable is called the derivative of 2) (cosx) = – sinx
dx
the function at that point.
d
• The process of finding a derivative is called 3) (tanx) = sec2x
differentiation. dx
• The derivative of f(x) with respect to x, at x = a d
4) (cosecx) = – cosecx. cotx
dx
é f (a + h) - f ( a ) ù
is given by f ' (a) = lim
h ®0 ê ú d
ë h û 5) (secx) = secx . tanx
dx
• The derivative of f(x) with respect to x, at any d
point x is. 6) (cot) = cosec2x
dx
é f ( x + h) - f ( x ) ù • Logarithmic and exponential functions
f ' (x) = lim
h ®0 ê ú
ë h û d 1
1) (log x) =
• If y = f(x) is differentiable function of x, then dx x
d 1
dy æ dy ö 2) (logax) =
= dlim ç ÷ dx x log a
dx x ® 0
è dx ø
• f(x) is differentiable at x = a, if Lf ' (a) = Rf ' (a) d
3) (ex) = ex
m Rules of differentiation : dx
If u and v are differentiable functions of x, d
4) (ax) = ax . loga.
d du dv dx
1) (u + v) = + • Derivatives of composite functions :
dx dx dx
d du dv Theorem :
2) (u – v) = – If y = f(u) is a differentiable function of u and
dx dx dx
d dv du u = g (x) is a differentiable function of x such
3) (u . v) = u . + v. that the composite function y = f [g (x)] is a
dx dx dx
du dv differentiable function of x then
d æ u ö v. - u
4) ç ÷ = dx dx (v ¹ 0) dy dy du
dx è v ø v 2 = × .
dx du dx
• Derivatives of some standard functions.
• Algebraic functions. Proof: Given that y = f (u) and u = g (x). We
d assume that u is not a constant function. Let
1) (xn) = nxn – 1 there be a small increment in the value of x say
dx
d æ1ö 1 dx then du and dy are the corresponding
2) ç ÷ =– 2 increments in u and y respectively.
dx è x ø x
As dx,du,dy, are small increments in x, u and y
d æ 1 ö n
3) ç n ÷ = – n +1 respectively such that dx ¹ 0, du ¹ 0 and
dx è x ø x
dy ¹ 0. We have
d 1
4) x = 2 x dy dy du
dx = × .
d dx du dx
5) (c) = 0 (\ c is constant)
dx Taking the limit as dx ® 0 on both sides we get,
[2] XII - Mathematics
• Derivatives of some standard composite
æ dy ö æ dy ö æ du ö
lim = dlim × dlim functions:
dx ® 0 ç dx ÷ x ® 0 ç du ÷ x ® 0 ç dx ÷
è ø è ø è ø
As dx ® 0, we get, du ® 0 dy
(\ u is a continuous function of x) y
dx
æ dy ö æ dy ö æ du ö [ f ( x)]n n[ f ( x)]n -1 × f '( x)
lim ç ÷ = lim ç ÷ × lim ç ÷ ....... (i)
dx ® 0
è dx ø du ®0 è du ø dx ®0 è dx ø f '( x)
f ( x)
Since y is a differentiable function of u and u is 2 f ( x)
a differentiable function of x we have, 1 n × f '( x)
n
-
æ dy ö dy æ du ö du [ f ( x)] [ f ( x)]n +1
lim ç ÷ = and dlim ç ÷= ..... (ii)
è du ø du
du ®0 x ® 0
è dx ø dx sin[ f ( x)] cos[ f ( x)] × f '( x )
From (i) and (ii), we get, cos[ f ( x)] - sin[ f ( x)] × f '( x )
tan[ f ( x)] sec 2 [ f ( x)] × f '( x)
æ dy ö dy du
lim ç ÷ = × ..... (iii) sec[ f ( x)] sec[ f ( x)] × tan[ f ( x)] × f '( x)
è dx ø
dx ® 0 du dx
The R.H.S of (iii) exists and is finite, implies cot[ f ( x)] - cos ec 2 [ f ( x )] × f '( x)
L.H.S of (iii) also exists and is finite cos ec[ f ( x)] - cos ec[ f ( x )] × cot[ f ( x )] × f '( x )
æ dy ö dy a f ( x) a f ( x ) × log a × f '( x )
lim ç ÷ = . Then equation (iii) becomes, e f (x) e f ( x ) × f '( x)
è dx ø dx
dx ® 0

f '( x)
dy dy du log[ f ( x)]
= × f ( x)
dx du dx
Note. f '( x)
log a [ f ( x)]
1) The derivative of a composite function f ( x)log a
can also be expressed as follows. y = f(u)
is a differentiable function of u and u = g Exercise 1.1
(x) is a differentiable function of x such
that the composite function y = f[g (x)] is 1. Differentiate w.r.t. x
defined then i) (x3 – 2x – 1)5
dy Soln:Let, y = (x3 – 2x – 1)5
= f ' [g (x)] . g' (x). Let, y = u5, Q u = x3 – 2x – 1
dx
2) If y = f(v) is a differentiable function of v Differentiating y w.r.t u
and v = g (u) is a differentiable function of dy
u = h(x) is a differentiable function of x = 5u4 ...... (i)
du
then
Differentiating u = x3 – 2x – 1, w.r.t x
dy dy dv du
= × × . du
dx dv du dx = 3x2 – 2 ...... (ii)
3) If y is a differentiable function of u1, ui is dx
a differentiable function of u i + 1 Now by chain rule,
for i = 1,2, ..., n – 1 and un is a differentiable dy dy du
function of x, then = ×
dx du dx
dy dy du1 du2 = 5u × (3x – 2)
4 2
..... from (i) and (ii)
= du × du × du × ....
dx 1 2 3 = 5(x3 – 2x – 1)4 (3x2 – 2)

dun -1 dun d
\ é ( x 3 - 2 x - 1)5 ùû =
× du ×
dx dx ë
n

This rule is also known as Chain rule. (15x2 – 10) (x3 – 2x – 1)4
 Differentiation [3]

5 1
æ 3 4
ö2 = ×
ii) ç 2 x 2 - 3 x 3 - 5 ÷ 2 x + x2 + 1
2

è ø
Sol :Let, y = (2x – 3x4/3 – 5)5/2
n 3/2 1 d
[2x + 2 × (x2 + 1)]
Let y = u5/2, 2 x +1 dx
\ u = 2x3/2 – 3x4/3 – 5
Differentiating w.r.t u 1 é x ù
= × ê 2 + (2 x) ú
dy 5 5 5 3/2 2 x2 + x2 + 1 ë x +1 û
= u 2 -1 = u ..... (i)
du 2 2 1 é x + 2x x2 + 1 ù
Differentiating u = 2x3/2 – 3x4/3 – 5 w.r.t x = × ê ú
2 x2 + x2 + 1 êë x 2 + 1 úû
du 3 1/2 4 1/3
=2× x –3× x
dx 2 3 x[1 + 2 x 2 + 1]
= 3x1/2 – 4x1/3 ...... (ii) =
2 x 2 + 1. x 2 + x 2 + 1
dy dy du
Now by chain rule, = × 3
dx du dx
v)
dy 5 5 3 (2 x 2 - 7 x - 5)5
\ = × u3/2 × (3x1/2 – 4x1/3)
dx 2
3
..... (From (i) and (ii) Soln: Let, y =
5 3 (2 x 2 - 7 x - 5)5
d
\ (2x3-2 – 3x4/3 – 5)5/2 =
dx 3
y= (2x2 – 7x – 5)–5/3
5 5
(2x3/2 – 3x4/3 – 5). (3x1/2 – 4x1/3) Differentiating w.r.t. x,
2
dy 3 5
iii) x2 + 4 x - 7 =– × (2x2 – 7x – 5)–8/3 ×
dx 5 3
Soln: Let, y = x2 + 4 x - 7 d
Differentiating w.r.t x, (2x2 – 7x – 5)
dx
dy 1 d = – (2x2 – 7x – 5)–8/3 × (4x – 7)
= 2 × (x2 + 4x – 7)
dx 2 x + 4x - 7 dx (4 x - 7)
...... chain rule = – (2 x 2 - 7 x - 5)8/3
1
= 2 × (2x + 4) (4 x - 7)
2 x + 4x - 7 =– 3
(2 x 2 - 7 x - 5)8
2( x + 2)
=
2 x2 + 4x - 7 æ 1 ö
5

d x+2 vi) ç 3x - 5 - ÷
è 3x - 5 ø
\ x 2
+ 4 x - 7 = 2
dx x + 4x - 7 5
æ 1 ö
iv) 2
x + x +1 2
Sol : Let, y = ç 3 x - 5 -
n
÷
è 3x - 5 ø
Soln: Let, y = x 2 + x 2 + 1 Differentiating w.r.t x,
Differentiating w.r.t x, 4
dy æ 1 ö
dy 1 d = 5 ç 3x - 5 - ÷ ×
= × dx è 3x - 5 ø
2 2
dx 2 x + x +1 dx
éd d 1 ù
é x2 + x2 + 1ù ê dx 3 x - 5 - dx ú
ë û ë 3x - 5 û
 [4] XII - Mathematics
4
æ 1 ö æ xö
= 5 ç 3x - 5 - ÷ × iii) log [tan ç ÷ ]
è 3x - 5 ø è2ø
é 1 1 ù æ xö
ê + 3- 2 ú
Soln: Let, y = log [tan ç ÷ ]
ë 2 3x - 5 2(3 x - 5) û è2ø
d æ xö
× (3x–5) Let y = log u, Q u = tan ç ÷
dx è2ø
æ 1 ö é 3 ù
4 Differentiate w.r.t. u,
= 5 ç 3x - 5 - ÷ ê 2 3x - 5 ú dy 1
è 3x - 5 ø ë û = ...... (i)
1 ù du u
é
ê1 + 3 x - 5 ú Differentiate w.r.t. x,
ë û
du æ xö d æ xö
15 é 3x - 5 + 1 ù = sec2 ç ÷ . ç ÷
= × ê ú dx è 2 ø dx è 2 ø
2 3x - 5 ë 3x - 5 û
4 1 æ xö
æ 1 ö = sec2 ç ÷ ....... (ii)
ç 3x - 5 - ÷ 2 è 2ø
è 3x - 5 ø Now,
4
15(3 x - 4) æ 1 ö dy dy du
= 2(3x - 5)3/2 ç 3 x - 5 - ÷ = ×
è 3x - 5 ø dx du dx
2. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x. 1 1 æ xö
i) cos (x2 + a2) = × sec2 ç ÷ .... (from i and ii)
u 2 è2ø
Soln: Let, y = cos (x2 + a2)
Differentiating w.r.t x, æ xö
sec 2 ç ÷
dy d dy è 2ø 1
= – sin (x2 + a2). (x2 + a2) = =
dx dx dx æ xö é x ù
2 tan ç ÷ ê 2sin
= – sin (x2 + a2) . (2x) è2ø 2 ´ cos 2 xú
ê x ú
= – 2x . sin (x2 + a2) ê cos 2ú
ë 2 û
ii) e ( 3 x + 2) + 5
1
=
Soln: Let, y = e (3 x + 2) + 5 sin x
= cosecx
Let y = u , Q u = e3x + 2 + 5
Differentiate w.r.t. u, iv) tan x
dy 1 Soln: Let, y =
= ...... (i) tan x
du 2 u
u = e3x + 2 + 5 Let y = u, u = tan v, v = x
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dy 1 du dv 1
du \ = , = sec2v, =
= e3x +2 × (3) + 0 du 2 u dv dx 2 x
dx
Now, By Chain rule,
= 3e3x + 2 ...... (ii)
Now, dy dy du dv
= × ×
dy dy du dx du dv dx
= ×
dx du dx 1 1
1 ´ 3.e 3x+2 = × sec2 v ×
= 2 u 2 x
2 u
3 x+2 dy sec 2 x
3.e \ =
= 3 x+2 dx 4 x . tan x
e +5
 Differentiation [5]
v) cot3 [log (x3)] viii) log [cos (x3 – 5)]
Soln: Let, y = cot3 [log (x3)] = cot3 [3 logx] Soln: Let, y = log [cos (x3 – 5)]
Let y = u3, Q u = cot (3log x) Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Let u = cot v, Q v = 3 log x
\ y = u3 dy 1 d
= cos( x 3 - 5) . [cos(x3– 5)]
dy dx dx
Differentiate w.r.t. u, = 3u2 ....(i)
du 1
u = cot v = cos( x 3 - 5) × [– sin (x3 – 5)] ×
Differentiate w.r.t v,
du d
= – cosec2v .... (ii)
dv (x3 – 5)
dx
v = 3 log x
Differentiate w.r.t. x = – tan (x3 – 5) × (3x2 – 0)
= – 3x2. tan (x3 – 5)
dv 3
= ..... (iii) ix) e 3sin
2
x - 2cos 2 x
dx x
Now by Chain rule, Soln: Let, y = e
3sin 2 x - 2cos2 x

dy dy du dv Differentiating w.r.t. x,
= × ×
dx du dv dx dy d
3sin 2 x - 2cos2 x
3 =e × (3sin2x – 2 cos2x)
= 3u2 × (–cosec2 v) × dx dx
x 2 2

2 3 2 3 = e3sin x - 2cos x .
-9cos ec (log x ).cot [log( x )]
= [3 × 2sinx . cosx – 2 × 2cosx × (– sinx)]
x
2
3sin x - 2cos2 x
vi) sin 3 x+ 3 = e [6sinx cosx + 4 sinx cosx]
5
3 dy
Soln: Let, y = 5sin x + 3
2 2
= [10.sinx. cosx]. e3sin x - 2cos x
dx
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
OR
dy 3 d
= 5sin x+3 (log 5) . (sin3x + 3) dy
dx dx 2
= 5. sin2x. e3-5cos x
2
dx
= 5sin x+ 3
(log 5) . (3sin2 x. cos x) OR
vii) cosec cos x dy 2
= 5. sin2x. e5sin x - 2
Sol : Let, y = cosec cos x
n
dx
Differentiate w.r.t x, x) cos2 [log (x2 + 7)]
dy Soln: Let, y = cos2 [log (x2 + 7)]
= – cosec cos x . cot cos x .
dx Differentiating w.r.t x,
d
cos x dy
dx = 2 cos [log (x2 + 7)] .
dx
1
= – cosec cos x . cot cos x . d
2 cos x
[– sin [log (x2 + 7)]] × log (x2 + 7)
d dx
× cosx = – 2 sin [log (x2 + 7)] . cos [log (x2 + 7)]
dx
cos ec cos x. cot cos x .(- sin x) 1
= × 2 × (2x)
2 cos x x +7

cos ec cos x .cot cos x .sin x -2 x.sin[2log( x 2 + 7)]

= =
2 cos x ( x 2 + 7)
[6] XII - Mathematics
xi) tan [cos (sinx)] dy dy du dv
Soln: Let, y = tan [cos (sinx)] = × ×
Differentiating w.r.t. x, dx du dv dx

dy d 1 æ1ö æ1ö
= sec2 [cos (sinx] × [cos(sinx)] = eu . [2 logx. ç ÷ – 2 ç ÷ ]
dx dx v è xø è xø
= sec2 [cos (sinx)] . [– sin (sinx)] . ...... (From i, ii, ii)
d dy 1
(sinx) \ = elog[(log x )2 - log x2 ] . [(log x) 2 - log x 2 ] .
dx dx
= sec2 [[cos(sinx)] [– sin (sinx)] . cosx 2
= – cosx . sin (sinx) sec2 [cos (sinx)] [logx – 1]
x
xii) sec [tan (x4 + 4)]
2
Soln: Let, y = sec [tan (x4 + 4)] = [logx – 1]
x
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
xiv) sin sin x
dy
= sec [tan (x4 + 4)]. tan [tan (x4 + 4)]
dx Soln: Let, y = sin sin x
d Differentiate w.r.t x,
× tan (x4 + 4)
dx dy d
= cos sin x . dx sin x
dy dx
\ = sec [tan (x4 + 4)] . tan [tan (x4
dx 1 d
= cos sin x × × sin x
d 2 sin x dx
+ 4)] × sec2 (x4 + 4) × (x4)
dx
dy cos sin x d
= sec [tan (x4 + 4)] . tan [tan (x4 + 4)] = × cos x × x
dx 2 sin x dx
. sec2 (x4 + 4). (4x3)
2
- log x 2 ] dy cos sin x .cos x
xiii) e log[(log x ) =
dx 4 x . sin x
log[(log x )2 - log x 2 ]
Soln: Let, y = e
Let y = eu , Q u = log v, xv) log [sec e
x
( )]2

Q v = (log x)2 – logx2

\ y = eu
x
Soln: Let, y = log [sec e ] ( ) 2

Differentiate w.r.t. u, Differentiate w.r.t x,

dy 1 d
dy
du
= eu ..... (i) dx
= x2
sec(e )
×
dx
x2
[sec e ] ( )
u = log v 1 2 2

Differentiate w.r.t. v, = × sec (e x ) . tan (e x ) .

x2
sec(e )
du 1
= ...... (ii) d 2
dv v . (e x )
dx
v = (logx)2 – logx2
d
Differentiate w.r.t x,
2
= tan (e x ) × e x2 . (x2)
dx
dv æ1ö æ1ö
= 2. log x ç ÷ – 2 ç ÷ ..... (iii) dy
è xø è xø
2
dx = 2x . e x2 . tan (e x )
dx
By Chain rule,
 Differentiation [7]
xvi) log e2 (logx) xviii) sin2 (x2) – cos2 (x2)
Soln: Let, y = sin2 (x2) – cos2 (x2)
Soln: Let, y = log e2 (logx) = – [cos2 (x2) – sin2 (x2)]
log(log x) y = – cos (2x2) .... (cos2q = cos2q – sin2q)
= Differentiate w.r.t x,
log e2
dy d
= sin (2x2) × (2x2)
log(log x) dx dx
= 2log e = 4x . sin (2x2)
3. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x.
1 i) (x2 + 4x + 1)3 + (x3 – 5x – 2)4
\ y= log (log x)
2 Soln: Let, y = (x2 + 4x + 1)3 + (x3 – 5x – 2)4
Differentiate w.r.t x, Differentiate w.r.t x
dy d
dy 1 1 d = 3 (x2 + 4x + 1)2 . (x2 + 4x + 1)
= × . (log x) dx dx
dx 2 log x dx d
+ 4 (x3 – 5x – 2)3 . (x3 – 5x – 2)
1 1 1 dx
= × log x × dy
2 x \ = 3 (x 2 + 4x + 1) 2 (2x + 4) +
dx
1 4 (x3 – 5x – 2)3 (3x2 – 5)
= 2 x.log x ii) (1 + 4x)5 (3 + x – x2)8
Soln: Let, y = (1 + 4x)5 (3 + x – x2)8
xvii) [log [log (logx)]]2 \ u = (1 + 4x)5
Soln: Let, y = [log [log (logx)]]2 \ v = (3 + x – x2)8
Let y = u2, \ y=u.v
\ u = log v, By Product rule,
Q v = log (logx) dy d
\ y = u2 = (1 + 4x)5 × (3 + x – x2)8 +
Differentiate w.r.t u, dx dx
d
dy (3 + x – x2)8 . (1 + 4x)5
= 2u .... (i) dx
du = 8 (1 + 4x)5 (3 + x – x2)7 (1 – 2x)
u = log v + 5 (3 + x – x2)8 (1 + 4x)4 (4)
Differentiate w.r.t x, x
iii)
du 1 7 - 3x
= ..... (ii) x u
dv v Soln: Let, y = =
v = log (logx) 7 - 3x v
Differentiate w.r.t x,
Differentiate w.r.t x,
du dv
1 dy v. - u.
dv
= x log x ..... (iii) = dx 2 dx
dx dx v
By Chain rule, d d
7 - 3 x . ( x) - ( x) 7 - 3x
= dx dx
dy dy du dv
= × × ( 7 - 3x ) 2
dx du dv dx 1
1 7 - 3x .(1) - x. (-3)
1 = 2 7 - 3x
= 2u × × x log x .... (From i, ii, iii)
v 7 - 3x
1 æ 2(7 - 3x) + 3 x ö
= 2[log (log (logx))] × log(log x) × ç ÷
è 2 7 - 3x ø
=
7 - 3x
1 14 - 3 x
x log x =
2(7 - 3x )3/ 2
 [8] XII - Mathematics

(x )
5
3
-5 vi) cos x + cos x
iv) 3 3
( x + 3) Soln: Let, y = cos x + cos x
(x - 5)
3 5
u Differentiate w.r.t x,
Soln: Let, y = = 1
( x + 3) 3 3
v dy 1
Differentiate w.r.t x, = × (– sinx) +
dx 2 cos x 2 cos x
dy 1
= × (– sin x ) ×
dx 2 x
d d sin x sin x
( x 3 + 3)3 . ( x 3 - 5)5 - ( x 3 - 5)5 . ( x 3 + 3)3 =– –
dx dx 2 cos x 4 x . cos x
( x 3 + 3)6
vii) log (sec3x + tan3x)
dy
= Soln: Let, y = log (sec3x + tan3x)
dx Differentiate w.r.t. x,
( x 3 + 3) 3 .5( x 3 - 5) 4 (3 x 2 ) - ( x 3 - 5) 5.3( x 3 + 3) 2.(3 x 2 ) dy 1 d
( x3 + 3)6 = (sec3 x + tan 3 x ) × [sec3x +
dx dx
= tan3x]
15 x 2 ( x3 + 3)3 ( x 3 - 5)4 - 9x 2 ( x 3 + 3)2 ( x3 - 5)5 1
= [sec3x.tan3x + sec23x] × 3
( x3 + 3)6 (sec3x + tan 3x)
3sec3x[tan 3x + sec3x]
x 2 ( x 3 + 3)2 ( x 3 - 5)4 [15( x3 + 3) - 9( x3 - 5)] =
= (sec3 x + tan 3x)
( x 3 + 3)6
dy
x 2 ( x3 + 3) 2 ( x3 - 5) 4 (6 x3 + 90) \ = 3 sec3x
= dx
( x3 + 3)6 1 + sin x 0
6 x 2 ( x3 + 15)( x 3 - 5)4 viii)
= 1 - sin x 0
( x 3 + 3)6 1 + sin x 0
v) (1 + sin2 x)2 (1 + cos2 x)3 Soln: Let, y =
1 - sin x0
Soln: Let, y = (1 + sin2 x)2 (1 + cos2 x)3
æ px ö
\ y=u.v 1 + sin ç ÷
Differentiate w.r.t x, è 180 ø
=
æ px ö
dy d 1 - sin ç ÷
= (1 + sin2x)2 (1 + cos2 x)3 è 180 ø
dx dx
Differentiate w.r.t x, by quotient rule
d
+ (1 + cos2 x)3 . (1 + sin2 x)2 é æ px ö ù d é æ px ö ù
dx ê1 - sin ç 180 ÷ ú . dx ê1 + sin ç 180 ÷ ú -
dy ë è øû ë è øû
d =
= (1 + sin2 x)2 . 3 (1 + cos2x)2 . [1 + cos2 dx é
2
dx æ px ö ù
x] + (1 + cos2 x)3 . 2 (1 + sin2x) . ê1 - sin ç 180 ÷ ú
ë è øû
d é æ px ö ù d é px ù
[1 + sin2 x]
dx ê1 + sin ç 180 ÷ ú . dx ê1 - sin 180 ú
ë è øû ë û
= (1 + sin2 x)2. 3 (1 + cos2 x)2.
[– 2 cos x sinx] + (1 + cos2 x)3. 2 (1+ sin2x). é æ px ö ù é æ px ö ù p é æ px ö ù
[2 sinx cosx] ê1 - sin ç 180 ÷ ú ê cos ç 180 ÷ ú 180 + ê1 + sin ç 180 ÷ ú
ë è øû ë è øû ë è øû
= sin2x (1 + sin2 x) (1 + cos2 x)2 2
é æ px ö ù
[2 (1 + cos2 x) – 3 (1 + sin2 x)] ê1 - sin ç 180 ÷ ú
= sin 2x (1 + sin2 x) (1 + cos2x)2 ë è øû
(2 + 2 cos2 x – 3 – 3 sin2 x) é æ px ö ù p
= sin 2x (1 + sin2x) (1 + cos2 x)2 (2 + 2 – êcos ç 180 ÷ ú ´ 180
ë è øû
2sin2 – 3 – 3 sin2x) p
= sin2x (1 + sin2 x) (1 + cos2x)2 éë (1 - sin x 0 ).cos x 0 + (1 + sin x 0 ).cos x 0 ùû
= 180
(1 – 5 sin2x) (1 - sin x 0 )2
 Differentiation [9]

p cos x 0 [1 - sin x 0 + 1 + sin x 0 ] e x

+1
= × xi)
180 (1 - sin x 0 ) 2 e x
-1
x
p 2.cos x 0
e +1
= × Soln: Let, y =
180 (1 - sin x 0 ) 2 e -1 x

Differentiate w.r.t x,
p cos x 0
= dy
90(1 - sin x 0 ) 2 =
dx
æ log x ö æ cot x ö d d
ix) cot ç ÷ – log ç 2 ÷ (e x
- 1). (e x
+ 1) - (e x
+ 1). (e x
- 1)
è 2 ø è ø dx dx
æ log x ö æ cot x ö (e x - 1)2
Soln: Let, y = cot ç ÷ – log ç ÷ 1 1
è 2 ø è 2 ø (e x
- 1)(e x ) - (e x + 1)(e x )
Differentiate w.r.t x, 2 x 2 x
dy æ log x ö d æ log x ö (e x - 1) 2
= – cosec2 ç ÷ . ç ÷
dx è 2 ø dx è 2 ø e x é x
-1- e x
- 1ù
1 ëe û
= 2 x
d æ cot x ö
– æç cot x ö÷ × ç ÷ (e x - 1) 2
è 2 ø dx è 2 ø
x
-e
dy æ log x ö 1 =
= – cosec2 ç ÷ × – 2 tanx x (e x - 1) 2
dx è 2 ø 2x xii) log [tan3 x . sin4x . (x2 + 7)7]
1 Soln: Let, y = log [tan3 x . sin4x . (x2 + 7)7]
[– cosec2x]
2 y = log (tan3x) + log (sin4x) + log (x2 + 7)7
1 æ log x ö y = 3 log (tanx) + 4. log (sinx) +
=– cosec2 ç ÷ + tanx . cosec2x. 7. log (x2 + 7)
2x è 2 ø
Differentiate w.r.t x,
e 2 x - e -2 x dy 3 d 4 d
x) = (tanx) + (sinx)
e 2 x + e -2 x dx tan x dx sin x dx
e2 x - e-2 x 7 d 2
Sol : Let, y = 2 x
n
+ 2 (x + 7)
e + e-2 x x + 7 dx
Multiplying numerator and dinominator
by e2x 3sec2 x 4cos x 7(2 x )
= + + 2
tan x sin x x +7
e4 x - 1
y= æ 1 - cos 3 x ö
e4 x + 1
Differentiate w.r.t x, by quotient rule xiii) log çç 1 + cos 3 x ÷÷
è ø
dy
æ 1 - cos3 x ö
dx
Soln: Let, y = log çç 1 + cos 3 x ÷÷
d 4x d è ø
(e4 x + 1). (e - 1) - (e4 x - 1). (e4 x + 1)
= dx dx æ 2 æ 3x ö
ö
(e 4 x + 1) 2 ç 2sin ç ÷ ÷
è 2 ø÷
= log ç
ç 2 æ 3x ö ÷
(e4 x + 1)(e4 x )(4) - (e4 x - 1)(e4 x )(4) ç 2cos ç ÷ ÷
= è è 2 øø
(e 4 x + 1) 2

4.e 4 x [e 4 x + 1 - e 4 x + 1] æ 2 æ 3x ö
ö
=
(e 4 x + 1)2 = log çç tan ç 2 ÷ ÷÷
è è øø

8e4 x æ 3x ö
= 4x = log [tan ç ÷ ]
(e + 1) 2 è 2 ø
[10] XII - Mathematics

æ 3x ö é 1 - sin x ù
\ y = log [tan ç ÷ ] xv) log ê ú
è 2 ø êë 1 + sin x úû
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dy 1 æ 3x ö 3 é 1 - sin x ù
= × sec2 ç ÷ × Soln: Let, y = log ê ú
dx æ 3x ö
tan ç ÷ è 2 ø 2 ë 1 + sin x û
è 2 ø 2
3 æ x xö
= ç cos - sin ÷
2 2ø
æ 3x ö
2 tan ç ÷ ´ cos 2 ç ÷
æ 3x ö = log è 2
è 2 ø è 2ø æ x xö
ç cos + sin ÷
3 3 è 2 2ø
= = sin(3x) é x xù é xù
æ 3x ö æ 3x ö
2sin ç ÷ .cos ç ÷ ê cos 2 - sin 2 ú ê1 - tan 2 ú
è 2 ø è 2 ø = log ê = log ê
dy x xú xú
ê1 + tan ú
= 3. cosec(3x) ê cos + sin ú
dx ë 2 2û ë 2û
æ æ 5x ö ö é æ p p öù
ç 1 + cos ç ÷ y = log ê tan ç - ÷ ú
ç è 2 ÷ø ÷ ë è 4 2 øû
xiv) log Differentiate w.r.t x,
ç æ 5x ö ÷
çç 1 - cos ç ÷÷ dy 1 æp xö
è è 2 ø ÷ø = × sec2 ç - ÷ ×
dx æ p x ö è 4 2ø
tan ç - ÷
æ æ 5x ö ö è 4 2 ø
ç 1 + cos ç ÷ ÷
è 2 ø÷ æ 1ö
Soln: Let, y = log ç ç- ÷
ç æ 5x ö ÷ è 2ø
ç 1 - cos ç ÷ ÷ 1
è è 2 øø =–
æp xö æp xö
æ ö 2.tan ç - ÷ .cos 2 ç - ÷
2 æ 5x ö 4 2
ç 2cos ç ÷ ÷ è ø è4 2ø
= log ç è 4 ø÷ dy 1
ç 2 æ 5x ö ÷ =–
ç 2sin ç ÷ ÷ dx æp xö æp xö
è 4 øø 2sin ç - ÷ .cos ç - ÷
è è4 2ø è4 2ø
æ x ö é 5x ù
y = log ç cot 2 æç 5 ö÷ ÷ = log êcot æç ö÷ ú =
-1
ç è 4 øø ÷ ë è 4 øû æp ö
è sin ç - x ÷
é æ 5x öù è2 ø
\ y = log êcot ç ÷ ú
ë è 4 øû æp ö
Differentiate w.r.t x, = – cosec ç - x ÷
è2 ø
dy 1 2 æ 5x ö 5 = – secx
= × [- cosec ç ÷] ×
dx æ 5x ö è 4 ø 4 OR
cot ç ÷
è 4 ø Using Identity sin2q + cos2q = 1
-5
= 1 - sin x 1 - sin x
æ 5x ö æ 5x ö = = secx – tanx
4cot ç ÷ ´ sin 2 ç ÷ 1 + sin x cos x
4
è ø è 4 ø
-5 \ y = log [secx – tanx]
= Differentiate w.r.t x,
5
æ ö x æ 5x ö
4cos ç ÷ .sin ç ÷
è 4 ø è 4 ø dy 1
-5 = × secx tanx – sec2x
dx sec x - tan x
=
æ 5x ö æ 5x ö
2 ´ 2sin ç ÷ .cos ç ÷ - sec x(sec x - tan x)
è ø4 è 4 ø =
5 (sec x - tan x)
æ 5x ö
=– cosec ç ÷ = – secx
2 è 2 ø
 Differentiation [11]

é æ x 2 + 5 ö 3/ 2 ù xix) (25)log5 sec x – (16)log4 (tan x )

xvi) log ê 4 ç ÷ ú
2x

ê è 2x3 - 4 ø ú Soln: Let, y = (25)log5 sec x – (16)log4 (tan x )

ë û
2 log sec x 2 log (tan x )
é æ x 2 + 5 ö3/2 ù = (5 ) 5 – (4 ) 4
Sol : Let, y = log ê 42 x ç
n
÷ ú
êë è 2 x 3 - 4 ø úû = 52 log5 sec x – 42log 4 (tan x )
2 2
3/2 = 5log5 (sec x ) – 4 log 4 (tan x)
æ x +5 ö 2

y = log 42x + log ç ÷ y = sec2x – tan2x

3
è 2x - 4 ø y=1
3 dy
y = 2x. log 4 + log (x2 + 5) – \ =0
2 dx
3
(x + 2)
4
log 2 x 3 - 4 2
2 xx)
3 x2 - 5
y = x (2 log 4) + log (x2 + 5) –
2
(x + 2)
4
3 1 2
u
× log (2x3 – 4) Soln: Let, y = =
2 2 2 v
Differentiate w.r.t x, x -5
dy 3 2x 3 Differentiate w.r.t x,
= (2 log 4) (1) + × 2 – × dy
dx 2 x +5 4 =
2
6x dx
2 x3 - 4 d 2 d
3x 9x 2 x 2 - 5. ( x + 2) 4 - ( x 2 + 2) 4 . ( x 2 - 5)
= log 16 + 2 – dx dx
3
x + 5 4( x - 2) 2
( x - 5) 2

é e x (5 - 4 x )3/ 2 ù
2

xvii) log ê 3 ú 2x
ëê 7 - 6 x ûú x 2 - 5.4( x 2 + 2) 3 .(2 x) - ( x 2 + 2) 4 ´
2 x2 - 5
é e (5 - 4 x) ù
x2 3/2 2
( x - 5)
Soln: Let, y = log ê 3 ú
ëê 7 - 6 x ûú
8 x( x 2 + 2)3 ( x 2 - 5) - ( x 2 + 2) 4 .x
y = log e x2 + log (5 – 4x)3/2 – log 3
7 - 6x =
( x 2 - 5) x 2 - 5
3 1
y = x2 + log (5 – 4x) – log (7 – 6x) x( x 2 + 2)3 [8( x 2 - 5) - ( x 2 + 2)]
2 3
Differentiate w.r.t x, =
( x 2 - 5)3/2
3 (-4) 1 (-6)
y = 2x + × – × x( x 2 + 2)3 .(7 x 2 - 42)
2 (5 - 4 x) 3 (7 - 6 x) =
( x 2 - 5)3/ 2
6 2
= 2x – + 4. A table of values of f, g, f ' and g' is given.
(5 - 4 x) (7 - 6 x)
é a cos x ù x f ( x ) g( x ) f '( x ) g '( x )
xviii) log ê 2 3 ú 2 1 6 -3 4
ë ( x - 3) .log x û
4 3 4 5 -6
é a cos x ù
Sol : Let, y = log ê ( x 2 - 3)3 .log x ú
n 6 5 2 -4 7
ë û
y = log a – log (x – 3) – log (logx)
cosx 2 3 i) If r(x) = f [g (x)], find f ' (2)
= (cosx) (loga) – 3 log (x2 – 3) – log (logx) Soln: r' (x) = f ' [g (x)] × g ' (x)
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ r' (2) = f ' [g (2)] × g ' (2)
= f ' (6) × g ' (2)
dy 6x 1 = (– 4) × (4)
= – sinx (loga) – 2 –
dx ( x - 3) x log x = – 16
 [12] XII - Mathematics
ii) If R(x) = g [3 + f(x)], find R' (4) Soln: Let, y = sin 2x – 2sinx
Soln: R'(x) = g' [3 + f(x)].[0 + f '(x)] dy
R'(4) = g' [3 + f(4)] . f '(4) \ = 2 cos 2x – 2cosx
dx
= g' {3 + 3] × f ' (4)
dy
= g' (6) × f ' (4) = 0, 2 cos 2x – 2 cos x = 0
=7×5 dx
= 35 \ 2 [cos 2x – cos x] = 0
iii) If s(x) = f [9 – f(x)], Find s'(4) æ 3x ö æ xö
\ 2 × 2 sin ç ÷ sin ç - ÷ = 0
s'(x) = f ' [9 – f(x)] × [0 – f '(x)] 2
è ø è 2ø
Soln: s'(x) = f ' [9 – f(4)] × [0 – f '(4)] æ 3x ö æ xö
s'(4) = f ' [9 – 3] × (– 5) \ sin ç ÷ = 0 OR sin ç ÷ = 0
= f ' (6) × (– 5) è 2 ø è 2ø
= (– 4) (– 5) = 20 3x x
\ = 0, p, 2p, also = 0, p, 2p.
iv) If S(x) = g [g(x)], Find S'(6) 2 2
Soln: S'(x) = g' [g(x)] × g'(x) 2p 4p
\ x = 0 OR x = ,x= , x = 0, 2p, 4p
\ S'(6) = g' [g (6)] × g' (6) 3 3
= g' [2] × g' (6) But 0 £ x < 2p
=4×7 2p 4 p
= 28 \ x = 0, , , 2p
3 3
5. Assume that f ' (3) = – 1, g' (2) = 5, • Derivatives of Inverse functions :
é dy ù Theorem:
g (2) = 3 and y = f [g(x)] then ê ú =? Suppose y = f(x) is a differentiable function of
ë dx û x = 2 x on an interval (I) and y is One - one onto and
Soln: Let, y = f [g(x)] dy
dy ¹ 0 on (I). Also if f–1 (y) is differentiable on
\ = f ' [g(x)] × g' (x) dx
dx d 1 dx 1
f(I) then [f–1 (y)] = or dy = dy
é dy ù dy f '( x)
ê dx ú = f ' [g (2)] × g' (2) dx
ë û x=2
dy
= f ' (3) × g' (2) where ¹ 0.
= (– 1) × (5) dx
Proof: Given that y = f (x) and x = f–1 (y) are
=–5
differentiable functions. Let there be a small
6. If h (x) = 4 f ( x ) + 3 g ( x ) , f (1) = 4, increment in the value of x say dx then
g (1) = 3, f ' (1) = 3, g' (1) = 4 find h' (1). correspondingly there will be an increment in
the value of y say dy. As dx and dy are increments,
Soln: h(x) = 4 f ( x ) + 3g ( x ) dx = 0 and dy ¹ 0.
1 dx dy
\ h' (x) = We have, × =1
2 4 f ( x ) + 3g ( x ) dy dx
× [4f '(x) + 3g' (x)] dx 1 dy
1 \ = , where ¹0
dy dy dx
h'(1) =
2 4 f (1) + 3g (1) dx
× [4f ' (1) + 3g'(1)] Taking the limit as dx ® 0, we get,
1 æ ö
= × [4 × 3 + 3 × 4] æ dx ö ç 1 ÷
2 4´ 4 + 3´ 3 lim ç ÷ = lim ç ÷
12
dx ® 0
è dy ø dx ® 0 ç dy ÷
= è dx ø
5
7. Find the x co-ordinates of all the points on as dx ® 0, dy ® 0,
the curve y = sin 2x – 2 sin x, 0 £ x < 2p where æ ö
lim ç dx ÷ = 1
....... (i)
dy è dy ø
dy ® 0
æ dy ö
= 0. lim ç ÷
dx dx ® 0 dx
è ø
 Differentiation [13]
Since y = (x) is a differentiable function of x. • Derivatives of Standard inverse
trigonometric composite Functions:
æ dy ö dy dy
we have, dlim ç ÷ = and ¹0
x®0 d
è øx dx dx dy
y
....... (ii) dx
From (i) and (ii), we get, f '( x)
sin -1[ f ( x)] ,| f ( x) |< 1
lim æ dx ö÷ = 1 1 - [ f ( x)]2
dy ® 0 ç
è dy ø dy f '( x)
dx
cos -1[ f ( x)] - ,| f ( x) |< 1
1 - [ f ( x)]2
dy 1 f '( x)
As ¹ 0, exists and is finite, tan -1[ f ( x)]
dx dy
1 + [ f ( x)]2
dx
f '( x)
cot -1[ f ( x)] -
æ dx ö dx 1 + [ f ( x)]2
\ lim ÷ = dy exists and is finite.
dy ® 0 ç
è dy ø f '( x)
sec-1[ f ( x)] ,for | f ( x) |> 1
dx 1 dy f ( x) [ f ( x)]2 - 1
Hence, from (iii) = where ¹0
dy dy dx f '( x)
cos ec-1[ f ( x)] - ,for | f ( x) |> 1
dx f ( x) [ f ( x)]2 - 1
• Derivatives of standard inverse
trigonometric functions: • Some Important Formulae for Inverse
p p Trigonometric Functions:
1) y = sin–1x, |x| < 1, – <y£ 1) sin–1 (sinq) = q, sin (sin–1x) = x
2 2
1 2) cos–1 (cosq) = q, cos (cos–1 x) = x
dy
= 3) tan–1 (tanq) = q tan (tan–1 x) = x
dx 1 - x2 4) cot–1 (cotq) = q, cot (cot–1 x) = x
2) y = cos x, |x| < 1, 0 £ y £ p
–1
5) sec–1 (secq) = q, sec (sec–1 x) = x
dy 1 6) cosec–1 (cosec q) = q,
=– cosec (cosec–1 x) = x
dx 1 - x2
p p é æp öù p
3) y = tan–1 x, x Î R, – <y< 7) sin–1 (cosq) = sin–1 êsin ç - q ÷ ú = – q
2 2 ë è2 øû 2
dy 1 é æp öù p
=
dx 1 x 2+ 8) cos–1 (sinq) = cos–1 êcos ç - q ÷ ú = – q
ë è2 øû 2
4) y = cot–1 x, x Î R, 0 < y < p
é æp öù
dy 1 tan - q ÷ú p
=– 9) tan–1 (cotq) = tan–1 êë çè 2 øû = 2 – q
dx 1 + x2
5) y = sec–1 x, | x | ³ 1, 0 £ y £ p é æp öù p
dy 1 10) cot–1 (tanq) = cot–1 êcot ç - q ÷ ú = – q
= , for x > 1 ë è2 øû 2
dx x x2 - 1
é æp öù p
1 11) sec–1 (cosecq) = sec–1 êsec ç - q ÷ ú = – q
=– , for x < – 1 ë è2 øû 2
x x2 - 1 12) cosec (secq) =
–1

p p
6) y = cosec–1 x, | x | ³ 1, – £y£ é æp öù p
2 2 cosec–1 ê cos ec ç - q ÷ ú = – q
ë è2 øû 2
dy 1
=– , for x > 1 æ1ö
dx x x2 - 1 13) sin–1 (x) = cosec–1 ç ÷
è xø
1 æ1ö
= 2 , for x < – 1 14) cosec–1 (x) = sin–1 ç ÷
x x -1 è xø
 [14] XII - Mathematics

æ1ö
15) cos–1 (x) = sec–1 ç ÷
Exercise 1.2
è xø
1. Find the derivative of the function y = f (x)
æ1ö using the derivative of the inverse function x
16) sec–1 (x) = cos–1 ç ÷
è xø = f –1 (y) in the following.
æ1ö i) y = x
17) tan–1 (x) = cot–1 ç ÷ Soln: y = x
è xø
\ x = y2
æ1ö dx
18) cot–1 (x) = tan–1 ç ÷
è xø \ = 2y
dy
p 1
19) sin–1 x + cos–1 x = dy 1 1
2 \ = = =
dx æ dx ö 2y 2 x
p ç ÷
20) tan–1 x + cot–1 x = è dy ø
2
ii) y = 2- x
p
21) sec x + cosec x =
–1 –1
Soln: y = 2 - x
2
æ x+ y ö \ 2 – x = y2
22) tan–1 x + tan–1 y = tan–1 ç ÷ \
è 1 - xy ø x = 2 – y2
æ x- y ö \ x = (2 – y2)2
23) tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1 ç ÷ dx
è 1 + xy ø \ = 2 (2 – y2) (– 2y)
• Some Important Substitutions: dy
dy 1 1
\ = = -4 y (2 - y 2 )
Expression Substitutions dx æ dx ö
ç dy ÷
è ø
1 - x2 x = sin q or x = cos q
1
1 - x2 x = tan q or x = cot q =–
4 2 - x ( x)
x2 + 1 x = sec q or x = cos ec q
iii) y = 3
x-2
a+x a-x
or x = a cos 2q or x = a cos q Sol : y = 3 x - 2
n
a-x a+x
\ y3 = x – 2
1+ x 1- x x = y3 + 2
or x = cos 2q or x = cos q
1- x 1+ x dx
a + x2 a - x2 \ = 3y2
dy
or x 2 a cos 2q or x 2 = a cos q
a - x2 a + x2
dy 1 1 1
2x \ = = 3y 2 = 3( x - 2)2/3
x = tan q dx æ dx ö
1 + x2 ç dy ÷
1 - x2 è ø
x = tan q
1 + x2 iv) y = log (2x – 1)
3 x - 4 x 3 or1 - 2 x 2 x = sin q Soln: y = log (2x – 1)
4 x 3 - 3 x or 2 x 2 - 1 x = cos q \ 2x – 1 = ey
3x - x3 2x = 1 + ey
x = tan q dx 1 y
1 - 3x 2 \ = (e )
dy 2
2 f ( x) 1 - [ f ( x )]2
or f ( x) = tan q dy 1 2
1 + [ f ( x)]2 1 + [ f ( x)]2 \ = =
dx æ dx ö 2x - 1
ç ÷
è dy ø
 Differentiation [15]
v) y = 2x + 3 2. Find the derivative of inverse of function
Soln: y = 2x + 3 i) y = x2 . ex
1 Soln: Let, y = x2 . ex
\ x= (y – 3) Differentiate w.r.t. x,
2
dx 1 dy
\ = = x2 . ex + ex (2x) = ex (x2 + 2x)
dy 2 dx
Now,
dy 1 1 dx 1
\ = = 1 =2 1
dx æ dx ö = = x 2
ç dy ÷ dy æ dy ö e ( x + 2 x)
è ø 2 ç ÷
dx
è ø
vi) y = e – 3
x
ii) y = x . cosx
Soln: y = ex – 3 Soln: Let, y = x . cosx
\ y + 3 = ex Differentiate w.r.t. x,
\ x = log (y + 3) dy
dx 1 = – x sin x + cos x
\ = dx
dy y+3 Now,
dy 1 1 dx é 1 ù
\ = = 1 \ = – ê ú
dx æ dx ö dy ë x sin x - cos x û
ç ÷ ( y + 3)
è dy ø 1
= y + 3 = ex – 3 + 3 =
cos x - x sin x
= ex iii) y = x.7x
vii) y = e2x – 3 Soln: Let, y = x.7x
Soln: y = e2x – 3 Differentiate w.r.t. x,
\ 2x – 3 = log y dy
\ 2x = 3 + log y = x . 7x . log 7 + 7x
dx
1 Now,
\ x= [3 + log y]
2 dx 1 1
dx 1 1 1 = dy = 7 x ( x log 7 + 1)
dy æ ö
\ = [0 + ] = ç ÷
dy 2 y 2y è dx ø
1 iv) y = x + log x
2
dy
= = 2y = 2. e2x – 3 Soln: Let, y = x2 + log x
dx æ dx ö Differentiate w.r.t. x,
ç ÷
è dy ø dy 1 2 x2 + 1
æ xö = 2x + =
dx x x
viii) y = log2 ç ÷
è2ø Now,
dx 1 x
æ xö = =
Soln: y = log2 ç ÷ dy æ dy ö 2
2x + 1
è2ø ç dx ÷
x è ø
\ = 2y v) y = x log x
2
Soln: Let, y = x log x
\ x = 2.2y = 2y + 1 .... (i)
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dx
dy æ1ö
dy = 2 . (log 2)
y+1
= x ç ÷ + log x .(1)
1 1
dx è xø
dy = 1 + logx
= = y +1
dx æ dx ö 2 .log 2 Now,
ç dy ÷
è ø dx 1 1
1 = dy =
dy æ ö 1 + log x
= .... from (i) ç ÷
x log 2 è dx ø
 [16] XII - Mathematics
3. Find the derivative of the inverse of the 4. If f(x) = x3 + x – 2, find (f –1)' (0)
following functions, and also find their value 1
at the points indicated against them. Soln: We know that (f –1)'(x) = f '( x)
i) y = x5 + 2x3 + 3x
1
dx \ (f –1)' (x) =
Sol : n
= 5x4 + 6x2 + 3 d 3
dy ( x + x - 2)
dx
dx 1
At x = 1, = 5(1)4 + 6(1)2 + 3 = 14 =
dy 3x + 1
Now, Now,
dx 1 1
1 (f –1)' (0) = 3(0) + 1
\ At x = 1, = =
dy æ dy ö 14
ç ÷ =1
è dx ø
5. Using derivative prove.
ii) y = ex + 3x + 2 p
i) tan–1x + cot–1x =
dx 2
Soln: = ex + 3 Soln:Let, f(x) = tan–1 x + cot–1x..... (i)
dy
p
dx We have to prove that f(x) =
At x = 0,
= e0 + 3 2
dy Differentiate (i) w.r.t. x,
=1+3=4 d d d
Now, [f(x)] = (tan–1x) + (cot–1x)
dx dx dx
dx 1 1 æ -1 ö
\ At x = 0, = = 1
dy æ dy ö 4 \ f ' (x) = 2 + ç 2 ÷
ç ÷ 1+ x è1+ x ø
è dx ø \ f ' (x) = 0
iii) y = 3x2 + 2log x3 \ f ' (x) = 0
f (x) is a constant function
dy 6
Soln: = 6x + Let f(x) = c, For any value of x, must be c
dx x only. So conveniently we can choose
dx x=1
At x = 1, = 6 + 6 = 12 \ From (i), We get,
dy
Now, f(1) = tan–1 (1) + cot–1 (1)
p p p
dx 1 1 = + =
4 4 2
\ At x = 1, = =
dy æ dy ö 12 p
ç ÷ \ f (x) =
è dx ø 2
p
iv) y = sin (x – 2) + x2 \ tan–x + cot–1x =
2
dx
Soln: = cos (x – 2) + 2x p
dy ii) sec–1 x + cosec–1 x = .... [for | x | ³ 1]
2
dx Soln:Let, f(x) = sec–1x + cosec–1x ..... (i)
At x = 2, p
dy
we have to prove that, f(x) =
= cos (2 – 2) + 2 (2) 2
= cos 0 + 4 = 5 Differentiate (i) w.r.t x,
Now, d d d
f (x) = (sec–1x) + (cosec–1x)
dx 1 1 dx dx dx
\ = =
dy æ dy ö 5 1 æ -1 ö
ç ÷
è dx ø \ f ' (x) = 2 +ç ÷ ... | x | ³ 1
x x - 1 è x x2 - 1 ø
 Differentiation [17]
f ' (x) = 0 v) tan–1 x
\ f ' (x) is zero f (x) is a constant function ut
f (x) = c for any value of |x| ³ 1 f (x) must Soln: Let, y = tan–1 x
be c only. Differentiate w.r.t x,
\ Let, x = 2 1
dy d
From (i) we get, =– 2 ( x)
\ f(2) = sec–1 (2) + cosec–1 (2) dx 1 + ( x ) dx
1
æ1ö æ1ö =
= cos–1 ç ÷ + sin–1 ç ÷ 2 x [1 + x ]
è 2ø è 2ø
p p 1 + x2
= + vi) sin–1
3 6 2
p
f(2) = 1 + x2
2 Sol : Let, y = sin
n –1

p 2
\ f(x) = Put x2 = cos2q
2
p 1 + x2 1 + cos 2q
\ sec–1x cosec–1x = \ =
2 2 2
6. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x. 2
2cos q
i) tan–1 (logx) =
Soln:Let, tan–1 (logx) 2
Differentiate w.r.t x, \ y = sin–1 cos 2 q = sin–1 (cosq)
dy 1 d p p
= 2 (logx) \ y = sin–1 [sin – q)] = –q
dx 1 + (log x) dx 2 2
1 p 1
= x[1 + (log x) 2 ] \ y= – cos–1 (x2) (Q ... cos2q = x2)
2 2
ii) cosec–1 (e–x) Differentiate w.r.t x,
Soln: Let, y = cosec–1 (e–x) dy 1 é 1 ù d
sin–1 (ex) =0– × ê- ú × (x2)
dx 2 4
ë 1- x û dx
Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy 1 d dy 2x
= × (ex) \ =
dx x 2
1 - (e ) dx dx 2 1- x 4
ex x
= =
1 - e2 x 1 - x4
iii) cot–1 (x3) vii) cos–1 (1 – x2)
Soln: Let, y = cot–1 (x3) Soln: Let, y = cos–1 (1 – x2)
Differentiate w.r.t. x, Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy 1 d
=– 3 2 × (x3) dy 1 d
dx 1 + (x ) dx =– × (1 – x2)
dx 1 - (1 - x ) 2 2 dx
-3 x 2
=
1 + x6 2x
iv) cot–1 (4x) =
1 - (1 - x 2 ) 2
Soln: Let, y = cot–1 (4x)
Differentiate w.r.t x, 2x
2x
dy 1 d = 2 4 =
=– x 2 × (4x) 1 - 1 + 2x - x x 2 - x2
dx 1 + (4 ) dx
dy 2
-4 x log 4 =
= dx 2 - x2
1 + 42 x
 [18] XII - Mathematics
viii) sin–1 (x3/2)
1 + cos x
Soln: Let, y = sin–1 (x3/2) Soln: Let, y = cos–1
Differentiate w.r.t.x, 2
dy 1 d æxö
= × (x3/2) 2cos 2 ç ÷
dx 1 - (x ) 3/2 2
dx = cos–1 è2ø
1 2
3 x
x 2
2 \ y = cos–1 [cos ]
= 2
1 - x3 x
y=
ix) cos3 [cos–1 (x3)] 2
Soln: Let, y = cos3 [cos–1 (x3)] Differentiate w.r.t.x,
= {cos [cos–1 (x3)]}3 dy 1
\ y = {x3}3 = x9 \ =
dx 2
dy
\ = 9x8 1 - cos( x 2 )
dx iv) cos–1
2
x) sin4 [sin–1 ( x )]
1 - cos( x 2 )
Sol : Let, y = sin [sin ( x )]
n 4 –1 Soln: Let, y = cos–1
2
{sin[sin–1 ( x )]}4
æ x2 ö
2sin 2 ç ÷
\ y={ x} =x 4 2
è 2ø
= cos–1
dy 2
\ = 2x
dx æ x2 ö
7. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x \ y = cos [sin ç ÷ ]
–1

i) cot–1 [cot ( e x 2 )] = e x 2 è 2ø
Soln: Let, y = cot–1 [cot ( e x2 )] = e x2 p x2
\ y = cos [cos (
–1
– )]
Differentiate w.r.t. x, 2 2
dy p x2
\ y= –
\ = x2 × (2x) 2 2
dx e Differentiate w.r.t x,
= 2x . e x2
dy -2 x
æ 1 ö = =–x
dx 2
ii) cosec–1 ç x ÷
è cos(5 ) ø
é xù
æ 1 ö ê 1 - tan 2 ú
Soln: Let, y = cosec–1 ç x ÷ v) tan–1 ê ú
è cos(5 ) ø ê 1 + tan x ú
ë 2û
æ1ö
= sin–1 [cos (5x)] ..... cosec–1 ç ÷
è xø é xù
= sin–1 x ê1 - tan 2 ú
p Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ê xú
= sin–1 [cos – 5x)] ê1 + tan ú
2 ë 2û
p
= – 5x é æ p x öù
2 y = tan–1 ê tan ç - ÷ ú
Differentiate w.r.t x, ë è 4 2 øû
dy p x
\ = – 5x. log5 \ y= –
dx 4 2
Differentiate w.r.t x,
1 + cos x
iii) cos–1 dy 1
2 \ =–
dx 2
 Differentiation [19]

é 1 ù é æ 3x ö ù
vi) cosec–1 ê 3 ú \ y = cot–1 ê tan ç ÷ ú
ë 4cos (2 x ) - 3cos(2 x ) û ë è 2 øû

é 1 ù é -1 æ p 3 x ö ù
Soln: Let, y = cosec–1 ê 3 ú = cot–1 ê cot ç - ÷ ú
ë 4cos (2 x) - 3cos(2 x) û ë è 2 2 øû
= sin–1 [4 cos3 (2x) – 3 cos (2x)]
p 3x
= sin–1 [cos (6x)] \ y= –
..... cos3q = 4cos3q – 3cosq 2 2
Differentiate w.r.t x,
p
\ y = sin–1 [sin – 6x)] dy 3
2 \ =–
p dx 2
\ y= – 6x
2
é cos 7 x ù
Differentiate w.r.t x, ix) y = tan–1 ê ú
ë 1 + sin 7 x û
dy
\ =–6
dx é cos7 x ù
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ê ú
æ æ xöö ë1 + sin 7 x û
ç 1 + cos ç 3 ÷ ÷
ç è ø÷
vii) tan–1 é
ç sin x ÷ æ 7x ö æ 7x ö ù
ç ÷ ê cos 2 ç ÷ - sin 2 ç ÷ ú
è 3 ø ê è 2 ø è 2 øú
= tan–1 êé 2 ú

æ æ xöö ê ê cos æç 7 x ö÷ + sin æç 7 x ö÷ ùú ú

ç 1 + cos ç 3 ÷ ÷ êë ë è 2 ø è 2 ø û ûú
è ø÷
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ç
ç sin x ÷
ç 3 ÷ø æ 7x 7 x öæ 7x 7x ö
è ç cos + sin ÷ç cos - sin ÷
è 2 2 øè 2 2 ø
é æ xö ù = tan–1 æ 7x 7x ö
2
2cos 2 ç ÷
ê
è6ø
ú ç cos + sin ÷
ê ú è 2 2 ø
= tan–1
ê 2sin æ x ö .cos æ x ö ú
êë ç ÷ ç ÷ú
è6ø è 6 øû é 7x 7x ù
ê cos 2 - sin 2 ú
æ xö é æ p x öù ê
\ y = tan–1 [cot ç ÷ ] = tan–1 ê tan ç 2 - 6 ÷ ú = tan–1 7x 7x ú
è6ø ë è øû ê cos + sin ú
ë 2 2 û
p p
\ y= –
2 6
Differentiate w.r.t x, é æ 7x ö ù
ê1 - tan ç 2 ÷ ú
dy 1 ê è øú
\ =– = tan–1 ê1 + tan æ 7 x ö ú
dx 6 êë ç ÷ú
è 2 øû
é sin 3 x ù
viii) cot–1 ê ú
ë 1 + cos 3 x û é æ p 7 x öù
= tan–1 ê tan ç - ÷ ú
é sin 3x ù ë è 4 2 øû
Soln: Let, y = cot–1 ê ú
ë1 + cos3x û
p 7x
\ y= –
é æ 3x ö æ 3x ö ù 4 2
ê 2sin ç 2 ÷ .cos ç 2 ÷ ú Differentiate w.r.t x,
ê è ø è øú
= cot–1
ê æ 3 x ö ú dy 7
êë 2cos 2 ç ÷ úû \ =–
è 2 ø dx 2
[20] XII - Mathematics
Soln: Let, y = cot–1
1 + cos x
x) tan–1 æ
1 - cos x æ 4x ö æ 4x ö ö
ç 1 + sin ç ÷ + 1 - sin ç ÷ ÷
ç è 3 ø è 3 ø÷
1 + cos x ç
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 4x 4x ÷
1 - cos x ç 1 + sin æç ö÷ - 1 - sin æç ö÷ ÷
ç è 3 ø è 3 ø ÷ø
è
æxö = cot–1
2cos 2 ç ÷
è2ø æ æ 2x ö æ 2x ö æ 2x ö æ 2x ö ö
= tan–1 æ xö ç sin ç 3 ÷ + cos ç 3 ÷ + cos ç 3 ÷ - sin ç 3 ÷ ÷
2sin 2 ç ÷ ç è ø è ø è ø è ø÷
è2ø ç cos æ 2 x ö + sin æ 2 x ö - cos æ 2 x ö + sin æ 2 x ö ÷
ç ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷÷
è è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 øø
x é æ x öù
\ y = tan–1 cot 2 = tan–1 ê cot ç 2 ÷ ú æ æ 2x ö ö
2 ë è øû
ç 2cos ç 3 ÷ ÷
ç è ø÷
é æ p x öù = cot–1 ç æ 2x ö ÷
\ y = tan–1 ê tan ç - ÷ ú ç 2sin ç 3 ÷ ÷
ë è 2 2 øû è è øø
p x
\ y= – é æ 2 x öù
2 2 = cot–1 ê cot ç ÷ ú
Differentiate w.r.t. x, ë è 3 øû
dy 1 2x
\ =– \ y=
dx 2 3
xi) tan–1 [cosec x + cot x] Differentiate w.r.t x,
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 [cosec x + cot x] dy 2
\ =
é1 + cos x ù dx 3
= tan–1 ê ú 8. Differentiate the following w.r.t x
ë sin x û
æ 4sin x + 5cos x ö
é æ xö ù i) sin–1 ç ÷
2cos 2 ç ÷ è 41 ø
ê ú
ê è 2ø ú
= tan–1 ê 2sin æ x ö .cos æ x ö ú æ 4sin x + 5cos x ö
ç ÷ ç ÷ú Soln: Let, y = sin–1 ç ÷
êë è 2ø è 2 øû è 41 ø
æ 4 5 ö
é æ x öù = sin–1 ç sin x + cos x ÷
= tan–1 ê cot ç 2 ÷ ú è 41 41 ø
ë è øû
4
Let, = sina,
é æ p x öù 41
= tan–1 ê tan ç - ÷ ú
ë è 2 2 øû \ cos x = 1 - sin 2 x
p x 16
\ y= – = 1-
2 2 41
Differentiate w.r.t x,
25 5
dy 1 = =
=– 41 41
dx 2
\ y = sin [sinx.cosa + cosx.sina]
–1

æ æ 4x ö æ 4x ö ö = sin–1 [sin (x + a)]

ç 1 + sin ç ÷ + 1 - sin ç ÷÷ \ y=x+a
ç è 3 ø è 3 ø÷
xii) cot–1 Differentiate w.r.t x,
ç 4x ö ÷
ç 1 + sin æç æ 4x ö ÷ dy
ç ÷ - 1 - sin ç ÷
è è 3 ø è 3 ø ÷ø \
dx
=1
 Differentiation [21]

æ 3 cos x - sin x ö æ 3cos 3 x - 4sin 3 x ö

ii) cos–1 çç 2
÷÷ iv) cos–1 ç
5 ÷
è ø è ø
æ 3 cos x - sin x ö æ 3cos3x - 4sin 3x ö
Soln: Let, y = cos–1 çç 2
÷÷ Soln: Let, y = cos–1 ç
5
÷
è ø è ø

æ 3 cos x - sin x ö æ 3cos3x - 4sin 3x ö

y = cos–1 ç ÷
cos çç–1
2
÷÷ è 5 ø
è ø
æ 3 1 ö é3 4 ù
= cos–1 ê cos3x - sin 3 x ú
= cos çç 2 cos x - 2 sin x ÷÷
–1
ë5 5 û
è ø
= cos [cosa.cos3x – sina.sin3x]
–1

3
Let, = cosa, 3
2 \ cosa =
5
\ sinµ = 1 - cos 2 a
4
3 sina =
= 1- 5
4
y = cos–1 [cos (a + 3x)]
1
= = a + 3x
2
Differentiate w.r.t x,
\ y = cos–1 [cosx. cosa – sinx. sina]
\ y = cos–1 [cos (x + a)] dy
\ =3
\ y=x+a dx
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
3cos(e x ) + 2sin(e x )
dy v) cos –1
\ = 13
dx
cos x + sin x 3cos(e x ) + 2sin(e x )
iii) sin –1 Soln: Let, y = cos–1
2 13

cos x + sin x é 3 2 ù
Soln: Let, y = sin–1 = cos–1 ê cos(e x ) + sin e x ú
2 ë 13 13 û
= cos [cosa . cos(e ) + sina . sin(ex)]
–1 x
æ 1 1 ö
sin–1 ç cos x + sin x ÷ 3
è 2 2 ø ..... cosa =
But, 13

p p 1 2
cos = sin = sina =
4 4 2 13

p p \ y = cos–1 [cos(a – ex)]

\ y = sin [sin . cos x + cos sin. x ]
–1
= cos–1 [cos(ex – a)] = ex
4 4
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
é æp öù
\ y = sin–1 êsin ç + x ÷ ú dy
ë è4 øû = ex
dx
p
\ y= + x æ 10 ö
4 vi) cosec–1 ç x x ÷
Differentiate w.r.t x, è 6.sin(2 ) - 8cos(2 ) ø

dy 1 æ 10 ö
\ = Soln: Let, y = cosec–1 ç x x ÷
dx 2 x è 6.sin(2 ) - 8cos(2 ) ø
 [22] XII - Mathematics

é 6sin(2 x ) - 8.cos(2 x ) ù æ 1 - x2 ö
= sin –1
ê
10
ú Sol : Let, y = sin ç 1 + x 2 ÷
n –1
ë û è ø
é3 x 4 x ù æ 1 - tan 2 q ö
= sin–1 ê sin(2 ) - cos(2 ) ú = sin ç 1 + tan 2 q ÷
–1
ë5 5 û è ø
Let, Put,
4 3 x = tanq
\ sina = cosa =
5 5 æp ö
= sin–1 [cosa.sin (2x) – sina.cos(2x) = sin–1 [cos2q] = sin–1 [sin ç - 2q ÷ ]
= sin–1 [sin (2x – a)] = 2x – a è2 ø
p
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ y= – 2q
2
dy Differentiate w.r.t x,
\ = 2x . log 2
dx dy 2
9. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x \ =–
dx 1+ x 2
æ 1 - x2 ö
i) cos–1 ç + x 2 ÷
è1 ø (
iv) sin–1 2 x 1 - x
2
)
æ 1 - x2 ö
Sol : Let, y = cos ç 1 + x 2 ÷
n –1 (
Soln: Let, y = sin–1 2 x 1 - x
2
)
è ø Put, x = sinq
Put, x = tanq \ q = sin–1x .... (i)
\ q = tan–1 (x) ..... (i)
Now, \ y = sin–1 [2sinq 1 - sin 2 q ]
\ y = sin–1 [2sinq.cosq]
æ 1 - tan 2 q ö = sin–1 (sin2q) = 2q
y = cos–1 ç + 2 ÷
è 1 tan q ø \ y = 2q
= cos–1 [cos2q] y = 2sin–1x .... From (i)
\ y = 2q = 2 tan–1 (x) ... From (i) Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Differentiate w.r.t. x, dy 2
dy 2 \ =
\ = dx 1 - x2
dx 1+ x 2 [OR if x = cosq, y = 2cos–1x
æ 2x ö
ii) tan–1 ç 2 ÷ dy 2
è1- x ø \ =–
dx 1 - x2
æ 2x ö
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ç 2 ÷ v) cos–1 (3x – 4x3)
è1- x ø
Soln: Let, y = cos–1 (3x – 4x3)
Put, x = tanq,
Put, x = sinq ...... (i)
\ q = tan–1 x ..... (i)
\ y = cos–1 [3sinq – 4sin3q]
Now,
= cos–1 [sin3q)
æ 2 tan q ö
y = tan–1 ç ÷ æp ö
2
è 1 - tan q ø = cos–1 [cos ç - 3q ÷ ]
è 2 ø
= tan–1 (tan2q) p
\ y = 2q = 2tan–1x ..... From (i) \ y= – 3q
2
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
p
dy 2 \ y= – 3sin–1x ... (From (i))
2
\ =
dx 1+ x 2 Differentiate w.r.t. x,

æ 1 - x2 ö dy 3
iii) sin–1 ç + x 2 ÷ \ =–
è1 ø dx 1 - x2
 Differentiation [23]

æ e x - e- x ö æ x + 12 ö
4
vi) cos ç x -x ÷ viii) sin–1 çç ÷
–1

èe +e ø 4x ÷
ç1+ 2 ÷
è ø
æ e x - e- x ö
Sol : Let, y = cos ç e x e - x ÷
n –1 æ x + 12 ö
è + 4
ø Sol : Let, y = sin ç
n –1 ÷
ç 1 + 24 x ÷
ç ÷
æ 1 - e -2 x ö è ø
y = cos ç–1
-2 x ÷
è1+ e ø æ 12 x ö
ç 4 .4 ÷
Put, e–x = tanq ..... (i) = sin–1 ç x 2 ÷
ç 1 + (4 ) ÷
è ø
æ 1 - tan 2 q ö
\ y = cos ç 1 + tan 2 q ÷
–1 ..... 24x = 16x = (42)x = (4x)2
è ø Put 4x = tanq ..... (i)
= cos [cos2q] = 2q
–1
æ 2 tan q ö
\ y = 2tan–1 (e–x) .... (From (i)) \ y = sin–1 ç 2 ÷ = sin–1 (sin2q)
Differentiate w.r.t x, è 1 + tan q ø
2 \ y = 2q = 2tan–1 (4x) ..... (From (i))
dy d
= 1 + (e - x ) 2 × (e–x) Differentiate w.r.t x,
dx dx
dy 2 d
2 ´ (e - x ) 2 \ = 1 + (4 x )2 × (4x)
\ = dx dx
1 + e -2 x
2
2 = × 4x . log4
x 1 + 42 x
=– e 2.4 x.log 4
1 =
1+ 2 x 1 + 42 x
e
OR
-2e x 1
= x+
e2 x + 1
= 2 .log 4
2

æ1-9 ö x
1 + 24 x
vii) cos–1 ç 1 + 9 x ÷ æ 1 - 25 x 2 ö
è ø
ix) sin ç + x 2 ÷
–1

æ 1 - 9x ö è 1 25 ø
Sol : Let, y = cos ç 1 + 9 x ÷
n –1
è ø æ 1 - 25 x 2 ö
Sol : Let, y = sin ç 1 + 25 x 2 ÷
n –1

æ 1 - (3x )2 ö è ø
y = cos–1 ç 1 + (3x ) 2 ÷ Put, 5x = tanq ..... (i)
è ø
.... (9x = (32)x = 32x (3x)2] æ 1 - tan 2 q ö
Put, 3 = tanq
x
..... (i) \ y = sin –1 ç 2 ÷ = sin–1 [cos2q]
è 1 + tan q ø
æ 1 - tan 2 q ö
\ y = cos ç 1 + tan 2 q ÷
–1 æp ö p
è ø \ y = sin–1 [sin ç - 2q ÷ ] = – 2q
è2 ø 2
= cos [cos2q]
–1

\ y = 2q p
\ y= – 2.tan–1 (5x) .... From (i)
\ y = 2 tan–1 (3x) ...... (From (i)) 2
Differentiate w.r.t x, Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy 2 d dy 1 d
= 1 + (3x )2 . (3x) \ = 0 – 2 × 1 + (5 x)2 × (5x)
dx dx dx dx
dy 2 ´ 3x.log3 dy 3x.(log 9) 10
\ = OR = =–
dx 1 + 9x dx 1 + 9x 1 + 25 x 2
[24] XII - Mathematics

æ 1 - x3 ö æ1- x ö
x) sin –1 ç 3 ÷ Soln: Let, y = cot–1 çç ÷÷
è1+ x ø è1+ x ø
æ 1 - x3 ö æ1+ x ö
Sol : Let, y = sin ç 1 + x3 ÷
n –1
= tan–1 çç ÷÷
è ø è1- x ø
æ 3
ö æ1ö
2 2 ...... (Q cot–1 ç ÷ = tan–1 x)
ç 1 - ( x ) ÷
= sin ç
–1 3 ÷ è xø
ç 1 + ( x 2 )2 ÷ Put,
è ø x = tanq ..... (i)
Put, x3/2 = tanq ..... (i) æ 1 + tan q ö
2 \ y = tan–1 ç ÷
æ 1 - tan q ö è 1 - tan q ø
\ y = sin–1 ç 1 + tan 2 q ÷ = sin–1 (cos2q)
è ø é p ù
ê tan 4 + tan q ú
p = tan–1 ê ú
\ y = sin–1 [sin ( – 2q)] p
2 ê1 - tan .tan q ú
ë 4 û
p p
\ y= – 2q = – 2tan–1 (x3/2) é æp öù
2 2
\ y = tan–1 ê tan ç + q ÷ ú
Differentiate w.r.t x, ë è4 øû
1 p p
dy 3
d 3/2 \ y= +q= + tan–1 ( x ) ... From (i)
\ =0–2× × (x ) 4 4
dx 1+ (x2 ) 2
dx
Differentiate w.r.t x,
2 3 1/2 dy 1 d
=– 3 × .x \ =0+ 2 × ( x)
1+ x 2 dx 1+ ( x) dx
3 x 1 1
=– = ×
1 + x3 1+ x 2 x
æ 2 x 5/ 2 ö dy 1
xi) tan –1 ç 5 ÷
\ =
è1- x ø dx 2 x (1 + x)
10. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x.
æ 2 x5/2 ö
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ç 1 - x5 ÷ æ 8x ö
è ø i) tan–1 ç 2 ÷
è 1 - 15 x ø
Put, x5/2 = tanq ...... (i)
æ 8x ö
æ 2 tan q ö Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ç 2 ÷
\ y = tan–1 ç ÷ è 1 - 15 x ø
2
è 1 - tan q ø æ 5 x + 3x ö
\ y = tan–1 (tan2q) = 2q = tan–1 ç ÷
\ y = 2tan–1 (x5/2) ..... From (i) è 1 - (5 x )(3x) ø
\ y = tan–1 (5x) + tan–1 (3x)
Differentiate w.r.t x,
.... (Q tan–1 a + tan–1 b
dy 2 d
\ = 1 + ( x 5/ 2 )2 × (x5/2) æ a+b ö
dx dx = tan–1 ç ÷
è 1 - ab ø
2 5 3/2 Differentiate w.r.t x,
= 2 × x 1 1
1+ x 2 dy d
\ = 1 + (5 x)2 × (5x) + 1 + (3x )2 ×
dy 5 x 3/2 dx dx
\ = d
dx 1+ x 5 (3x)
dx
æ1- x ö dy 5 3
xii) cot–1 çç ÷÷ \ = 2 +
è1+ x ø dx 1 + 25x 1 + 9 x2
 Differentiation [25]

æ 1 + 35 x 2 ö æ 2 x+2 ö
ii) cot –1 ç ÷ iv) tan ç –1
n ÷
è 2x ø è 1 - 3(4 ) ø

æ 1 + 35 x 2 ö æ 2x+2 ö
Sol : Let, y = cot ç 2 x ÷
n –1
Sol : Let, y = tan ç 1 3(4n ) ÷
n –1
è ø è - ø

æ 2x ö æ 22.2 x ö
= tan –1
ç 2 ÷ = tan ç -
–1
x 2 ÷
è 1 + 35 x ø è 1 3(2 ) ø
æ1ö æ 3(2 x ) + (2 x ) ö
....(Q cot–1 ç ÷ = tan–1x)
è xø \ y = tan ç 1 - 3(2 x )(2 x ) ÷
–1
è ø
æ 7 x - 5x ö \ y = tan (3.2 ) + tan (2x)
–1 x –1

= tan–1 ç ÷ Differentiate w.r.t. x,

è 1 + (7 x)(5 x) ø
\ y = tan–1 (7x) – tan–1 (5x) dy 1 d 1
= 1 + (3.2 x )2 × (3.2x) + 1 + (2 x )2
æ a -b ö dx dx
..... (Q tan–1 a – tan–1b = tan–1 ç ÷
è 1 + ab ø d
× (2x)
Differentiate w.r.t x, dx
dy 1 d 3.2 x.log 2 2 x log 2
\ = 2 × (7x) – = +
dx 1 + (7 x ) dx 1 + 9.4 x 1 + 4x
1 d æ 3 1 ö
1 + (5 x)2 . dx (5x) = 2x.log2. ç x
+ x ÷
è 1 + 9(4 ) 1 + 4 ø
dy 7 5
\ = 2 – æ 2x ö
dx 1 + 49 x 1 + 25x 2 tan ç
v) 2 x+1 ÷
–1

æ 2 x ö è1+ 2 ø
iii) tan–1 çç ÷÷
è 1 + 3x ø æ 2x ö
Sol : Let, y = tan ç
n
2 x+1 ÷
–1

æ 2 x ö è1+ 2 ø
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 çç 1 + 3 x ÷÷
è ø æ 2x ö
= tan ç 1 + 2(2 x )2 ÷
–1

æ 3 x- x ö è ø
= tan–1 çç ÷÷
è 1 + (3 x )( x ) ø æ 2(2 x ) - (2 x ) ö
\ y = tan–1 ç 1 + 2(2 x )(2 x ) ÷
\ y = tan–1 (3 x ) – tan–1 ( x ) è ø
Differentiate w.r.t.x, \ y = tan–1 (2.2x) – tan–1 (2x)
Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy 1 d
\ = 2 × (3 x ) – dy 1 d 1
dx 1 + (3 x ) dx = 1 + (2.2 x )2 × (2.2x) – 1 + (2 x )2 .
dx dx
1 d
2 × x d x
1+ ( x) dx (2 )
dx
3
= 2.2 x.log 2 2 x.log 2
2 x (1 + 9 x) = –
1 + 4(22 x ) 1 + 22 x
dy 1
\ = æ 2 1 ö
dx 2 x (1 + x) = 2x . log2 ç 2x
- 2x ÷
è 1 + 4(2 ) 1 + 2 ø
[26] XII - Mathematics

æ a2 - 6 x2 ö æ a ö
vi) cot –1 ç ÷ ç + tan x ÷
è 5ax ø = tan–1 ç b ÷
ç 1 - a tan x ÷
æ a2 - 6 x2 ö è b ø
Sol : Let, y = cot ç 5ax ÷
n –1
è ø
æaö
5ax \ y = tan–1 ç ÷ + tan–1 (tanx)
\ y = tan–1 èbø
a - 6 x2
2

æaö
æ1ö \ y = tan–1 ç ÷ + x
.... [Q cot ç ÷ = tan–1x]
–1
èbø
è xø
Differentiate w.r.t x,
é 5x ù dy d æaö d
ê a ú = (tan–1 ç ÷ + (x)
\ y = tan –1
ê 2 ú dx dx è b ø dx
ê1 - 6 x ú
êë a 2 úû æaö
=0+1 .... (tan–1 ç ÷ is constant)
.... [Dividing Numerator and èbø
Denominator by a2]
dy
\ =1
é 3x 2 x ù dx
ê + ú
y = tan–1 ê a a ú æ 5- x ö
ê1 - æ 3 x öæ 2 x ö ú viii) tan–1 ç 2 ÷
êë çè a ÷ç ÷
øè a ø úû è 6x - 5x - 3 ø
5- x
æ 3x ö æ 2x ö Soln: Let, y = tan–1 2
\ y = tan–1 ç ÷ + tan–1 ç ÷ 6x - 5x - 3
è a ø è a ø 6x – 5x – 3 = 1+ 6x2 – 5x – 4
2

Differentiate w.r.t x, = 1 + 6x2 – 8x + 3x – 4

dy 1 d æ 3x ö = 1 + 2x (3x – 4) + 1 (3x – 4)
= 2 × ç ÷ + \ 6x – 5x – 3 = 1+ (3x – 4) (2x + 1) ... (i)
2
dx æ 3x ö dx è a ø
1+ ç ÷ Also 5 – x = (2x + 1) – (3x – 4) ... (ii)
è a ø Now,
1 d æ 2x ö é (2 x + 1) - (3x - 4) ù
2 × ç ÷ y = tan–1 ê ú
æ 2x ö dx è a ø ë1 + (2 x + 1)(3 x - 4) û
1+ ç ÷
è a ø ...... From i, ii
\ y = tan–1 (2x + 1) – tan–1 (3x – 4)
3 2 Differentiate w.r.t x,
a a
= + 1
9x2 4 x2 dy d
1+ 2 1+ 2 = 1 + (2 x + 1)2 × (2x + 1) –
a a dx dx

dy 3a 2a 1 d
\ = 2 2 + 2 × (3x – 4)
dx a + 9x a + 4 x2
2
1 + (3 x - 4) dx
æ a + b tan x ö 2 3
vii) tan–1 ç ÷ = 1 + (2 x + 1)2 – 1 + (3 x - 4) 2
è b - a tan x ø

æ a + b tan x ö
Soln: Let, y = tan–1 ç ÷ æ 4 - x - 2 x2 ö
è b - a tan x ø ix) cot ç 3 x + 2 ÷
–1
è ø
 Differentiation [27]

Sol : Let, y = cot ç

n
æ 4 - x - 2 x2 ö
–1
÷
Exercise 1.3
è 3x + 2 ø
1. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x.
æ 3x + 2 ö
\ y = tan–1 ç 2 ÷ ( x + 1)2
è 4 - x - 2x ø i)
( x + 2)3 ( x + 3)4
æ1ö
... (cot–1 ç ÷ = tan–1 x) ( x + 1) 2
è xø Soln: Let, y =
4 – x – 2x2 = 1 – 2x2 – x + 3 ( x + 2)3 ( x + 3) 4
= 1 – [2x2 + x – 3] Taking log on both the sides
= 1 – [2x2 + 3x – 2x – 3] é ( x + 1)2 ù
= 1 – [x (2x + 3) – 1 (2x + 3)] log y = log ê 3 4ú
= 1 – (2x + 3) (x – 1) .. (i) ë ( x + 2) ( x + 3) û
Also, 3x + 2 = (2x + 3) + (x – 1) = log (x + 1)2 – log (x + 2)3 . (x + 3)4
Now, = log (x + 1)2 – log (x + 2)3 – log (x + 3)4
= 2 log (x + 1) – 3 log (x + 2) – 4.log (x + 3)
é (2 x + 3) + ( x - 1) ù Differentiate w.r.t. x,
y = tan–1 ê ú
ë1 - (2 x + 3)( x - 1) û 1 dy 2 3 4
\ y = tan–1 (2x + 3) + tan–1 (x – 1) = – –
y dx x +1 x + 2 x+3
Differentiate w.r.t. x, dy é 2 3 4 ù
dy 1 d \ =y ê - - ú
= × (2x + 3) + dx ë x +1 x + 2 x + 3û
dx 1 + (2 x + 3) 2 dx
dy ( x + 1) 2
1 d \ =
× (x – 1) dx ( x + 2) 3 ( x + 3) 4
1 + ( x - 1)2 dx
2 1 é 2 3 4 ù
= 2 + ê x +1 - x + 2 - x + 3ú
1 + (2 x + 3) 1 + ( x - 1)2 ë û
• Logarithmic differentiation: 4x - 1
When the functions are in complicated form i.e. ii) 3
(2 x + 3)(5 - 2 x )2
involving product, quotients and power of
functions, we can simplify the function by 4x -1
Soln: Let, y = 3
taking natural logarithm on both the sides. (2 x + 3)(5 - 2 x )2
1
Usig law of logarithm, functions can be
æ 4x -1 ö3
simplified such that it becomes convenient to =ç 2 ÷
find derivatives. è (2 x + 3)(5 - 2 x) ø
• laws of logarithm: Taking log on both the sides
1
1) log [f(x) × g(x)] = log f(x) + log [g(x)]
æ 4x -1 ö3
2) log [f(x)/g(x)] = log f(x) – log [g(x)] log y = log ç 2 ÷
3) log [f(x)]g(x) = g(x)× log [f(x)] è (2 x + 3)(5 - 2 x) ø
1
• Derivative of Implicit functions. = [log (4x – 1) – log (2x + 3) (5 – 2x)2]
3
• Explicit function : Function in the form 1
of y = f(x) where y is solely expressed in \ log y = [log (4x – 1) – log (2x + 3) –
3
terms of x, is said to be explicit function. 2log (5 – 2x)]
e. g. y = 2x2 + 3x – 1, y = sinx + cosx. Differentiate w.r.t.x,
• Implicit function : If an equation in x and 1 dy 1 é 4 2 2( -2) ù
y is given but x is not an explicit function = ê - - ú
y dx 3 ë 4 x - 1 2 x + 3 (5 - 2 x) û
of y or y is not an explicit function of x then
either of the variables is an ‘Implicit dy 4x -1
function’ of the other \ =
dx (2 x + 3)(5 - 2 x) 2
e.g.
é 4 2 4 ù
i) x5 + xy3 + x2y + y4 = 4 ê 3(4 x - 1) - 3(2 x + 3) + 3(5 - 2 x ) ú
ii) x2 + exy = y2 + log (x + y) ë û
[28] XII - Mathematics
2
iii) (x2 + 3)3/2 . sin3 (2x). 2 x 3 (2 x + 2) 3 1
[ . 2 – ´ +
x +3 2 x
2
Soln: Let, y = (x2 + 3)3/2 . sin3 (2x). 2x 2 x + 2x + 2
Taking log on both sides x tanx – log (cosx)]
log y = log [(x2 + 3)3/2 . sin3 (2x) . 2 x 2 ] dy ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)3/2
\ =
= log (x2 + 3)3/2 + log sin3 (2x) + dx ( x + 3) 3 (cos x) x
log 2 x
2
3( x + 1) 3
[ 2 – +
3 x + 2x + 2 2 x ( x + 3)
\ logy = . log (x2 + 3) + 3.log sin (2x) +
2 x tan x – log (cosx)]
x2. log2
Differentiate w.r.t. x, x 5 .tan 3 4 x
v)
sin 2 3 x
1 dy 3 1 3 ´ 2cos 2 x
y dx = × ( x 2
+ 3) 2x + x 5 .tan 3 4 x
2 sin(2 x) Soln: Let, y =
+ 2x.log2 sin 2 3 x
Taking log on both the sides
dy é 3x ù
\
dx
=y ê x 2 + 3 + 6.cot(2 x) + 2 x.log 2ú é x 5 .tan 3 4 x ù
ë û log y = log ê 2 ú
dy 2
ë sin 3x û
\ = (x2 + 3)3/2. sin3 (2x). 2 x = log x5. tan3 4x – log sin23x
dx
\ log y = log x5 + log tan3 4x – log sin2 3x
é 3x ù = 5 log x + 3log (tan4x) – 2 log (sin3x)
ê x 2 + 3 + 6.cot(2 x ) + 2 x.log 2ú Differentiate w.r.t. x,
ë û
1 dy 5 3 d
( x 2 + 2 x + 2)3/ 2 = + (tan4x)
iv) y dx x tan 4x dx
( x + 3)3 .(cos x ) x
2 d
2
( x + 2 x + 2) 3/ 2 – . (sin3x)
sin 3x dx
Soln: Let, y =
( x + 3)3 .(cos x) x 5 3 ´ 4sec2 4 x 2
= + –
Taking log on both sides x tan 4 x sin 3x
× 3cos3x
é ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 3/2 ù
log y = log ê 3 x ú dy é5 12 ù
ë ( x + 3) (cos x ) û \ =y ê + - 6cot 3x ú
dx ë x sin 4 x.cos 4 x û
= log (x2 + 2x + 2)3/2 – log ( x + 3)3
dy x 5 .tan 3 4 x
– log (cosx)x \ =
3
dx sin 2 3 x
\ log y = log (x2 + 2x + 2) –
2 é5 ù
3.log ( x + 3) – x. log (cosx) ê x + 24cos ec8 x - 6.cot 3x ú
ë û
Differentiate w.r.t. x, vi) -1
x tan x

1 dy 3 1 d tan -1 x
= × y= x
y dx 2 2
x + 2 x + 2 dx Taking log on both sides
3 d
log y = log éë x
tan x ù -1
(x2 + 2x + 2) – ( x + 3)
x + 3 dx û
\ log y = (tan x) . log x
–1

é 1 d ù Differentiate w.r.t x,
– ê x. (cos x ) + 1.log(cos x) ú
ë cos x dx û 1 dy d d
y dx = tan x . dx (logx) + logx. dx
–1
dy
\ =y (tan–1x)
dx
 Differentiation [29]
2. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x.
dy é tan -1 x log x ù i) xe + xx + ex + ee
\ = y ê x + 1 + x2 ú
dx ë û Soln: Let, y = xe + xx + ex + ee
Let, u = xe + ex + ee and v = xx
dy é tan -1 x log x ù \ y=u+v
\ = x tan -1 x ê x + ú du dv
dx ë 1 + x2 û dy
\ = + .... (i)
dx dx dx
vii) (sinx)x Now,
Soln: Let, y = (sinx)x u = xe + e x + ee
Taking log on both sides Differentiate w.r.t. x,
log y = log (sinx)x du d d d
\ log y = x . log (sinx) = (xe) + (ex) + (ee)
dx dx dx dx
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
du
1 dy \ = e.xe–1 + ex + 0 ..... (ii)
d dx
y dx = x. [log (sinx)] + log (sinx). v = xx
dx
Taking log on both the sides
d log v = log xx
(x)
dx log v = x log x
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dy é 1 ù
\ =y ê x. sin x ´ cos x + log(sin x).1ú 1 dy d
dx ë û = (x log x)
v dx dx
dy d d
\ = (sinx)x [x . cot x + log (sinx)] =x. (logx) + logx . (x)
dx dx dx
viii) sin xx æ1ö
= x . ç ÷ + log x . (1)
Soln: Let, y = sin xx è xø
Let y = sin u, Q u = xx dv
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ = v [1 + log x] = xx. (1 + log x)
dx
dy ...... (iii)
= cos u ..... (i) From (i), (ii) and (iii)
du
u = xx dv
= e.xe–1 + ex + xx (1 + logx)
Taking log on both sides dx
log u = log xx ii) x x x + e x x

\ log u = x. log x Soln: Let, y = x x + e x x

x

Differentiate w.r.t. x, Let, u = x x x , v = e x x

\ y=u+v
1 du æ1ö
=x. ç ÷ + log x (1) dy du dv
u dx è xø
\ = + .... (i)
dx dx dx
du
\ = u [1 + log x] Now u = x x x
dx
= xx [1 + logx] .... (ii) Taking log on both the sides
Now, log u = log x x x
dy dy du \ log u = xx . log x
= ×
dx du dx Differentiate w.r.t. x,
= (cosu). u . (1 + logx) 1 du d d
..... (From i, ii) = xx. (log x) + logx . (xx)
u dx dx dx
dy 1
\ = (cosxx). xx. (1 + logx) = xx × + (log x). xx (1 + log x)
dx x
[30] XII - Mathematics
Differentiate w.r.t x,
é1 2ù
= x ê + log x + (log x) ú
x
1 dv d d
ëx û = cotx . cosx + log (cosx).
v dx dx dx
du é1 2ù (cotx)
\ = u . xx ê + (log x) + (log x) ú
dx ëx û dv
..... (ii) \ =v
dx
x
v = ex 1
é 2 ù
Taking log on both sides êcot x ´ cos x ´ (- sin x) + log(cos x)(- cos ec x) ú
x
ë û
log v = log e x = (cosx) [– 1 – cosec x . log (cosx)]
cotx 2

= xx. log e ...... (iii)

\ log v = xx From i, ii, iii
Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy é 1 ù
1 dv d \ = (logx)x ê + log(log x ) ú +
= (xx) dx ë log x û
v dx dx
(cosx)cotx [1 + cosec2x . log cosx]
dv
\ = v . xx (1 + log x) ... (iii) iv) x e + (logx)
x sinx
dx
From i, ii and iii Soln: Let, y = xex + (logx)sinx

dy é1 2ù Let, u = xex , v = (logx)sinx

\ = x x x . xx ê + (log x) + (log x) ú
dx ëx û \ y=u+v
+ e x x . xx [1 + log x)] dy du dv
\ = + .... (i)
iii) (logx)x – (cosx)cotx dx dx dx
Soln: Let, y = (logx)x – (cosx)cotx Now, u = xex
Let u = (logx)x, v = (cosx)cotx
Taking log on both the sides
\ y=u–v
log u = log xex
dy du dv
= – .... (i) \ log u = xex . logx
dx dx dx
Now u = (logx)x Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Taking log on both the sides. 1 du d d x
\ log u = log [(logx)x] × = ex. (logx) + (logx) . (e )
u dx dx dx
\ log u = x. log (logx)
Differentiate w.r.t x, du é ex x ù
\ = u ê x + e log x ú
1 du d dx ë û
× =x. log (logx) + log (logx).
u dx dx
du é ex x ù
d \ = x ê x + e log x ú
e x
..... (ii)
(x) dx ë û
dx
v = (log x)sinx
du é x ù Taking log on both the sides.
=u ê1x log + log(log x ).1ú log v = log [(logx)sinx]
dx ë x û
\ log v = sinx. [log(logx)]
é 1 ù Differentiate w.r.t x,
= (logx)x ê + log(log x ) ú ... (ii)
ë log x û 1 dv d
= sinx . log (logx) + log (logx)
v = (cosx) cotx
v dx dx
Taking log on both the sides,
log v = log (cosx)cotx d
. (sinx)
\ log v = cotx . log (cosx) dx
 Differentiation [31]

dv é tan x ù
\ =v + sec2 x.log(log x ) ú
dx êx
ë log x û
é 1 ù From i, ii, iii
êsin x ´ x log x + log(log x).cos x ú
ë û dy
\ = etanx . sec2x + (logx)tanx
dv dx
\ = (logx)sinx
dx é tan x ù
êx + sec2 x.log(log x ) ú
é sin x ù ë .log x û
ê x log x + cos x.log(log x ) ú .... (iii)
ë û vi) (sinx)tanx + (cosx)cotx
From i, ii, iii Soln: Let, y = (sinx)tanx + (cosx)cotx
Let u = (sinx)tanx, v = (cosx)cotx
dy é ex x ù
\ = x ê x + e .log x ú + (logx)sinx
e x \ y=u+v
dx ë û
dy du dv
\ = + ..... (i)
é sin x ù dx dx dx
ê x.log x + cos x.log(log x ) ú Now,
ë û
u = (sinx)tanx
v) etanx + (logx)tanx Taking log on both the sides,
Soln: Let, y = etanx + (logx)tanx log u = log (sinx)tanx
Let, u = etanx, v = (logx)tanx \ log u = tanx . log (sinx)
\ y=u+v Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy du dv
\ = + .... (i) 1 du d
dx dx dx = tanx. log (sinx) + log
Now, u = etanx
u dx dx
Taking log on both the sides, d
(sinx). (tanx)
logu = logetanx dx
\ log u = tanx . loge du
\ log u = tanx ..... (log e = 1) \ =u
dx
differentiate w.r.t x,
1 du é 1 ´ cos x 2 ù
= sec2x, ê tan x ´ sin x + log(sin x) ´ sec x ú
u dx ë û
du = (sinx)tanx [1+ sec2x . log (sinx)]... (ii)
\ = etanx. sec2x ..... (ii)
dx v = (cosx)cotx
v = (logx)tanx
Taking log on both the sides,
Taking log on both the sides,
log v = log [(logx)tanx] log v = log (cosx)cotx
= tanx. log (logx) \ log v = cotx . log (cosx)
Differentiate w.r.t x, Differentiate w.r.t x,
1 dv d 1 dv 1 ´ (- sin x )
= tanx. (log (logx)) + log = cotx × + log (cosx).
v dx dx v dx cos x
d (– cosec2x)
(logx). (tanx)
dx dv
\ = (cosx)cotx [– 1 – cosec2x. log (cosx)]
1 dx
= tanx × x log x + log ...... (iii)
From i, ii, iii
(logx).sec2x
dy
dv \ = (sinx)tanx [1 + sec2 x. log (sinx)]
= (logx)tanx dx
dx – (cosx)cotx [1 + cosec2x. log (cosx)]
[32] XII - Mathematics

vii) 10 x x + x x10 + x 10 x From i, ii, iii and iv

dy x
Soln: Let, y = 10x x + x x10 + x10x \ = 10x . xx [1 + logx) (log 10) +
dx
Let, u = 10x x , v = x x10 , w = x10x
x x [x9 + 10x9. logx]
10

\ y=u+v+w
dy du dv dw é1 ù
+ x10 10x ê + (log x).(log10) ú
x

\ = + + ..... (i) ë x û
dx dx dx dx
viii) [(tanx)tanx]tanx
Now, u = 10x x Soln: Let, y = [(tanx)tanx]tanx
Taking log on both the sides, Taking log on both the sides,
log y = log [(tanx)tanx]tanx
log u = log 10x x 2
\ log y = log [tan x ]tan x
\ log u = xx log 10
\ log y = (tan2x). log (tanx)
Differentiate w.r.t. x, Differentiate w.r.t. x,
1 du 1 dy
= xx (1 + logx). log 10 1 ´ sec 2 x
u dx y dx = tan2
x × + log (tanx).
tan x
du 2 tanx . sec2x
\ = x . xx (1 + log x). log 10
x
...(ii)
dx 10 dy
x10
\ = y [tanx . sec2x + 2tanx.sec2x.
v= x dx
Taking log on both the sides, log (tanx)]

x 10 dy
log v = log x \ = [(tanx)tanx]tanx. tanx.sec2x.
dx
\ log v = x10 . log x [1 + 2 log (tanx)]
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
p æ pö p
1 dv æ1ö At x = , tan ç ÷ = 1, sec = 2
= x10 . ç ÷ + (logx). 10.x9 4 è 4ø 4
v dx è xø
dy
dv \ = [(1)1]1. (1). ( 2 )2 [1 + 2 log (1)]
\ = v [x9 + 10.x9. logx] dx
dx = 2 (1 + 2 × 0) = 2
= x x10 [x9 + 10x9. logx] ....(iii) dy
3. Find if.
Also w = x10x dx

Taking log on both the sides i) x + y = a

log w = log x10x Soln: Given that, x + y = a
\ log w = 10x . logx Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Differentiate w.r.t. x, 1 1 dy
+
1 dw æ1ö 2 x 2 y × dx = 0
= 10x. ç ÷ + log x. × 10x log 10
w dx è xø 1 1
2 y =– 2 x
dw é10 x x ù
\ = w ê x + log x.10 .log10 ú dy 2 y y
dx ë û \ =– =–
dx 2 x x
dw é1 ù
= x10 . 10x ê + (log x)(log10) ú
x
\ dy y
dx ëx û \ =–
dx x
......(iv)
 Differentiation [33]

ii) x x +y y =a a d
= (81)
dx
Soln: Given that, x x +y y =a a
\ x +y =a
3/2 3/2 3/2 dy dy
\ 3x2 + x2. + 2xy + x.2y + y2(1) + 3y2
Differentiate w.r.t. x, dx dx
3 1/2 3 1/2 dy dy
x + y . =0 =0
2 2 dx dx
3 1/2 dy 3 1/2 dy
\ y =– x \ (x2 + 2xy + 3y2) = – 3x2 – 2xy – y2
2 dx 2 dx

3 dy (3 x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )
dy x x \ =– 2
2 dx ( x + 2 xy + 3 y 2 )
\ =– =– ,
dx 3 y
y v) x2y2 – tan–1
2 x 2 + y 2 = cot–1 x2 + y2

dy x Soln: Given that, x2y2 – tan–1 x 2 + y 2 = cot–1

\ =–
dx y
x2 + y2
iii) x + xy + y = 1
\ x2 y2 = tan–1 x 2 + y 2 + cot–1 x2 + y2
Soln: Given that, x + xy + y = 1
p p
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ x2y 2 = .... (tan–1 (a) + cot–1 (a) = )
2 2
d d d d Differentiate w.r.t. x,
(x) + x. y + (y) = (1)
dx dx dx dx
d d d æ pö
1
dy 1 dy x 2. (y2) + y2 . (x2) = ç ÷
dx dx dx è 2 ø
\ 1+ x×2 y + y. + =0
dx 2 x dx
dy
\ x2 × 2y + y2 × 2x = 0
x dy dy y dx
\ + =– –1
2 y dx dx 2 x dy 2 xy 2 y
\ =– 2 =–
dx 2x y x
dy é x ù é y ù
\ ê + 1ú = – ê + 1ú vi) x.e + y.e = 1
y x
dx êë 2 y úû êë 2 x úû Soln: Given that, x.ey + y.ex = 1
Differentiate w.r.t x,
dy é y ù é x ù
\ =– ê + 1ú ê + 1ú dy dy
dx ëê 2 x úû ëê 2 y úû x.ey + ey (1) + y.e x + ex dx = 0
dx
é y +2 xù é x+2 yù dy
=– ê ú ê ú (x.ey + ex)
dx
= – ey – yex
ëê 2 x úû ëê 2 y úû
dy é e y + ye x ù
dy y (2 x + y ) \ = – ê e x + x.e y ú
\ =– dx ë û
dx x (2 y + x )
vii) e = cos (x – y)
x+y
iv) x3 + x2 y + xy2 + y3 = 81
Soln: Given that, ex + y = cos (x – y)
Soln: Given that, x3 + x2 y + xy2 + y3 = 81
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
d d
d d d d e x + y. (x + y) = – sin (x – y). (x – y)
(x3) + (x2y) + (xy2) + (y3) dx dx
dx dx dx dx
[34] XII - Mathematics

dy dy é dy ù 1 1 dy
ex + y. (1 +
dx
) = – sin (x – y) [1 –
dx
] ex – y ê1 - ú = – y
ë dx û x dx
dy 1 dy
\ e x + y + ex + y = – sin (x – y) + dy 1
dx \ ex–y – ex–y = + y
dx x dx
dy
sin (x – y) 1 dy dy 1
dx \ y dx – e = – ex – y
x–y
dx x
dy dy
\ e x + y. – sin (x – y) =
dx dx dy æ 1 x- y ö 1
\ ç -e ÷ = – ex–y
– ex + y – sin (x – y) dx è y ø x
dy x + y
\ [e – sin(x – y)] = dy æ 1 x - y ö æ 1 x- y ö
dx \ = ç -e ÷ ç -e ÷
dx è x ø è y ø
– [ex + y + sin (x – y)]
é e x + y + sin( x - y ) ù æ 1 - x.e x - y ö æ 1 - ye x - y ö
dy =ç ÷ ç ÷
\ =– ê x+ y ú OR è x ø è y ø
dx ë e - sin( x - y ) û
y (1 - xe x - y )
sin( x - y ) + e x + y =
= x(1 - ye x - y )
sin( x - y ) - e x + y
x) x + sin (x + y) = y – cos (x – y)
viii) cos(xy) = x + y
Soln: Given that,
Soln: Given that, cos(xy) = x + y
x + sin (x + y) = y – cos (x – y)
Differentiate w.r.t x,
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
d d
– sin (xy) . (xy) = (x + y) d
dx dx 1 + cos (x + y). (x + y) =
dx
é dy ù dy
\ – sin (xy). ê x. + yú = 1 + dy d
ë dx û dx + sin (x – y) . (x – y)
dx dx
dy dy
– sin (xy) . x . – = 1 + y.sin (xy) dy dy
dx dx 1 + cos (x + y). [1 + ]= +
dx dx
dy
\ [– xsin (xy) – 1] = 1 + y sin (xy) é dy ù
dx sin (x – y) . ê1 - ú
ë dx û
dy é1 + y sin( xy ) ù
\ =– ê 1 + x sin( xy ) ú dy dy
dx ë û 1 + cos (x + y) + cos (x + y) = + sin
dx dx
x- y
x dy
ix) ee = y (x – y) – sin (x – y)
dx
x dy dy dy
cos (x + y) + sin (x – y) – =
x- y
Soln: Given that, ee = y
dx dx dx
Taking log on both the sides sin (x – y) – cos (x + y) – 1

æxö dy
\ [cos (x + y) + sin (x – y) – 1] =
log e ex- y = log ç ÷ dx
è yø
sin x – y) – cos (x + y) – 1
\ ex – y = log x – log y
dy sin( x - y ) - cos( x + y ) - 1
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ = cos( x + y ) + sin( x - y ) - 1
dx
 Differentiation [35]

dy y æ x5 + y5 ö
4. Show that = in the following. iii) sec ç 5 5 ÷ = a
2
dx x èx -y ø
i) x7. y5 = (x + y)12
æ x5 + y 5 ö
Soln: Given that, x7. y5 = (x + y)12 Soln: Given that, sec ç 5 5 ÷ = a
2

Taking log on both the sides, è x - y ø

log (x7 . y5) = log (x + y)12 x5 + y 5
\ log x7 + log y5 = log (x + y)12 \
x 5 - y 5 = sec (a )
–1 2

\ 7 log x + 5 log y = 12. log (x + y)

Differentiate w.r.t. x, x5 + y 5
\ = k ....... (Let, sec–1 a = k)
5 dy 12 æ1 + dy ö x5 - y 5
7
+ = ç ÷ \ x5 + y5 = k.x5 – ky5
x y dx x + y è dx ø
\ y5 + ky5 = kx5 – x5
5 dy 12 dy 12 7 \ y5 (1 + k) = x5 (k – 1)
\ y dx – x + y dx = x+ y – x
y5 k -1
æ5 12 ö dy 12 \ 5 =
7 x 1+ k
\ ç - ÷ = x+ y –
è y x + y ø dx x Differentiate w.r.t. x,
æ 5 x + 5 y - 12 y ö dy 12 x - 7 x - 7 y d 5 d
\ ç ÷ = x5 . ( y ) - y 5 . ( x5 ) d æ k -1ö
è y ( x + y ) ø dx x( x + y ) \ dx dx = ç ÷
5 2
(x ) dx è k + 1 ø
5 x - 7 y dy 5x - 7 y
\ y ( x + y ) dx = x( x + y ) dy
x5 .5 y 4 - y5 ´ 5 x4
\ dx =0
dy 5x - 7 y y( x + y)
\ = x( x + y ) × (5 x - 7 y ) x10
dx k +1
dy y ...... ( is const)
\ = k +1
dx x dy
\ 5x5y4 – 5x4 y5 = 0
ii) xp. y4 = (x + y)p + 4 P Î N. dx
Soln: Given that, xp. y4 = (x + y)p + 4 dy
\ 5x5y4 = 5x4y5
Taking log on both sides, dx
log x p. y4 = log (x + y)p + 4 dy 5x4 y5 y
\ log x p + log y4 = (P + 4) log (x + y) \ = 4 4 =
dx 5x y x
\ p log x + 4. log y = (p + 4) log (x + y) dy y
Differentiate w.r.t x, \ =
dx x
p 4 dy p+4 æ dy ö
+ y = × ç1 + ÷ æ 3 x2 - 4 y2 ö
x dx x + y è dx ø iv) tan ç 3 x 2 + 4 y 2 ÷ = a2
–1
è ø
4 dy æ p + 4 ö dy p+4 p
\ – . = æ 3x 2 - 4 y 2 ö
ç ÷
y dx è x + y ø dx x+ y – x Sol : Given that, tan ç x 2 + y 2 ÷ = a2
n –1
è3 4 ø
æ 4 x + 4 y - py - 4 y ö dy 2
3x - 4 y 2
\ ç ÷ = \ = tana2
è y( x + y) ø dx 3x 2 + 4 y 2
px + 4 x - px - py
3x 2 - 4 y 2
x( x + y ) \ =k ..... (Let tana2 = k)
3x 2 + 4 y 2
æ 4 x - py ö dy 4 x - py
\ ç ÷ = \ 3x2 – 4y2 = k (3x2 + 4y2)
è y ( x + y ) ø dx x( x + y ) \ 3x2 – 3kx2 = 4ky2 + 4y2
dy (4 x - py ) y( x + y) \ 3x2 (1 – k) = 4y2 (k + 1)
\ = × \ 4y2 (k + 1) = 3x2 (1 – k)
dx x( x + y ) (4 x - py )
dy y y2 3(1 - k )
\ = \ 2 = 4( k + 1)
dx x x
[36] XII - Mathematics
Differentiate w.r.t. x, æ x 20 - y 20 ö
d 2 d vi) log ç x 20 + y 20 ÷ = 20
x2 . ( y ) - y2 . ( x2 ) d 3(1 - k ) è ø
dx dx =
2 2
(x ) dx 4(k + 1) æ x 20 - y 20 ö
Sol : Given that, log ç x 20 + y 20 ÷ = 20
n
dy è ø
x 2 .2 y - y 2 .(2 x)
\ dx =0 x 20 - y 20
\
x 20 + y 20 = e
20
x4
3(1 - k )
...... is const) = k, ..... Let (e20 = k)
4(k + 1) \ x – y = k (x20 + y20)
20 20

dy \ x20 – k . x20 = y20 + ky20

2x2y – 2xy2 = 0
dx \ x20 (1 – k) = y20 (1 + k)
dy 2 xy 2 \ y20 (l + k) = x20 (1 – k)
\ =
dx 2x2 y æ 1 - k ö 20
dy y \ y20 = ç ÷ x
\ = è1+ k ø
dx x
æ1- k ö
æ 7 x4 + 5 y4 ö \ y20 = s. x20 ..... (i) ç = s÷
v) cos –1 ç
4 4 ÷ = tan a
–1 è1+ k ø
è 7x - 5y ø Differentiate w.r.t. x,
Soln: Given that, dy
20 y19 . = s . 20 x19
æ 7 x4 + 5 y4 ö dx
–1 ç
cos 4 ÷ = tan a
–1
4
è 7x - 5y ø dy x19 y 20 x19
4
7x + 5y 4 \ = s . 19 = 20 × 19 ... (From i)
dx y x y
\ = cos (tan–1 a)
7 x4 - 5 y 4 y
dy
7 x4 + 5 y4 \ =
\ = k ..... (Let, cos (tan–1 a) = k) dx x
7 x4 - 5 y 4 x7 - y7
\ 7x4 + 5y4 = k (7x4 – 5y4) 7
+ y7
vii) e x =a
\ 5y4 + 5ky4 = 7 kx4 – 7x4
x7 - y7
\ 5y4 (1 + k) = 7x4 (k – 1) x7 + y 7
Sol : Given that, e
n
=a
y 4 7(k - 1) x7 - y 7
\ = 5(1 + k ) = log a
x4 x7 + y 7
Differentiate w.r.t. x,
x7 - y7
d d = k .... (Let loga = k)
x4 . ( y 4 ) - y4 . ( x4 ) x7 + y 7
dx dx
\ x7 – y7 = k (x7 + y7)
( x4 )2
\ x7 – kx7 = y7 + ky7
d é 7(k - 1) ù \ x7 (1 – k) = y7 (1 + k)
= ê ú
dx ë 5(1 + k ) û (1 - k )
dy \ y7 = x7
x 4 .4 y 3 - y 4 ´ 4 x3 (1 + k )
\ dx =0 1- k
x8 \ y7 = s. x7 ...... (i) (Let = s)
7(k - 1) 1+ k
..... ( is const) Differentiate w.r.t. x,
5(1 + k )
dy dy
\ 4x4 y3. – 4x3 y4 = 0 7y6 = s. 7x6
dx dx
dy 4 x3 y 4 dy x6 y7 x6
\ = \ = s. 6 = 7 × 6 .... (From (i))
dx 4 x4 y3 dx y x y
dy y dy y
\ = \ =
dx x dx x
 Differentiation [37]

æ x3 - y3 ö æ x3 - y3 ö
viii) sin ç x 3 + y 3 ÷ = a3 ii) If log10 ç x 3 + y 3 ÷ = 2, show that
è ø è ø
æ x3 - y3 ö dy 99 x 2
Sol : Given that, sin ç x 3 + y 3 ÷ = a3
n =– .
è ø dx 101 y 2
x3 - y 3 æ x3 - y 3 ö
\ Sol : Given that, log10 ç 3
n
3 ÷ = 2
x3 + y 3 = sin (a )
–1 3
èx +y ø
x3 - y 3 x3 - y 3
\ = k ..... (Let sin–1 a3 = k) = 102
x3 + y 3 x3 + y 3
\ x3 – y3 = k (x3 + y3) x3 - y 3
\ x3 – kx3 = y3 + ky3 \ = 100
x3 + y 3
\ x3 (1 – k) = y3 (1 + k) \ x3 – y3 = 100 (x3 + y3)
æ1- k ö 3 \ x3 – y3 = 100x3 + 100 y3
\ y3 = ç ÷ x \ – y3 – 100 y3 = 100x3 – x3
è1+ k ø
\ – 101 y3 = 99 x3
1- k
\ y 3 = s x3 ... (i)... (Let = s) Differentiate w.r.t. x,
1+ k
Differentiate w.r.t. x, dy
– 101 × 3y2 = 99 × 3x2
dy dx
3y2 = s. 3x2
dx dy 99 ´ 3 x 2
\ =–
dy x2 dx 101´ 3 y 2
\ =s. 2
dx y 99 x 2
dy
y 3 x2 \ =–
= 3 × 2 .... (From i) dx 101y 2
x y
dy y æ x4 + y4 ö
\ = iii) If log5 ç x 4 - y 4 ÷ = 2,
dx x è ø
5. i) If log (x + y) = log (xy) + p, where p is
dy 12 x 3
dy y2 show that =– .
constant then prove that = 2. dx 13 y 3
dx x
Soln: Given that, log (x + y) = log (xy) + p æ x4 + y4 ö
\ log (x + y) – log (xy) = p Sol : Given that, log5 ç x 4 - y 4 ÷ = 2
n
è ø
x+ y
\ log =p x4 + y 4
xy
= 52
x+ y x4 - y4
\ = ep
xy x4 + y 4
\ = 25
1 1 x4 - y4
\ + = ep \ x4 + y4 = 25 (x4 – y4)
y x
Differentiate w.r.t. x, \ x4 + y4 = 25x4 – 25y4
\ y4 + 25y4 = 25x4 – x4
d æ1ö d æ1ö d \ 26y4 = 24x4
\ ç ÷ + ç ÷ = (ep)
dx è y ø dx è x ø dx Differentiate w.r.t. x,
1 dy 1 dy
– – 2 = 0 ..... (ep is constant) 26 × 4y3 = 24 × 4x3
2
y dx x dx
1 dy 1 dy 24 ´ 4 x 3
\ – 2 = 2 \ =
y dx x dx 26 ´ 4 y 3
dy y2 dy 12 x
3
=– 2 \ =
dx x dx 13 y
3
[38] XII - Mathematics
iv) If ex + ey = ex + y, then show that Soln: Given that, xy = ex – y
dy Taking log on both the sides
= – ey – x. log (xy) = log (ex – y)
dx \ y log x = (x – y) . log e
Soln: Given that, ex + ey = ex + y \ y log x = x – y .... (log e = 1 ... (i))
Differentiate w.r.t. x, Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dy é dy ù d dy d
e x + ey = ex + y. ê1 + ú y (logx) + logx. = (x – y)
dx ë dx û dx dx dx
dy dy
e x + ey . = e x + y + ex + y . y dy dy
dx dx \ + log x . =1–
y dy x + y dy
x dx dx
\ e –e . = e – ex
x+y

dx dx dy dy y
dy \ (log x) + =1–
\ [ey – ex + y] = ex + y – e x dx dx x
dx
dy dy 1
\ [ey – ex – ey] = ex + ey – ex ... (From i) (1 + log x) = 1– 1 + log x
dx dx
dy
\ –e .x
= ey
dx y 1
ey ..... (From i, = 1 + log x )
dy x
\ = – x = – ey – x
dx e
dy 1 + log x - 1
\ = – ey – x = (1 + log x)
dx
æ x5 - y5 ö p log x 1
v) If sin –1 ç
5 ÷ = , show that dy
è x 5
+ y ø 6 \ = (1 + log x) × (1 + log x)
dx
dy x4 log x
= . dy
dx 3 y4 \ = (1 + log x)2
dx
æ x5 - y 5 ö p
Sol : Given that, sin ç x5 + y 5 ÷ =
n –1
vii) If y = cos x + cos x + cos x + ......¥
è ø 6
x5 - y 5 æ pö 1 dy sin x
\
x5 + y 5 = sin ç ÷ =
è6ø 2
then show that
dx
=
1- 2y
.

\ 2 (x5 – y5) = x5 + y5 Soln: Given that,

2x5 – 2y5 = x5 + y5 y= cos x + cos x + cos x + ......¥
\ 2x5 – x5 = y5 + 2y5
..... (i)
x5 = 3y5 Squaring both sides,
\ 3y5 = x5
y2 = cos x + cos x + cos x + .....¥
\ Differentiate w.r.t. x,
\ y2 = cos x + y ... (From (i))
dy
3 × 5y4 = 5x4 \ y – y = cos x
2
dx Differentiate w.r.t. x,
dy 5x4 x4
\ = 4 = dy
dx 15 y 3y4 (2y – 1). = – sinx
dx
dy x4
\ = dy - sin x
dx 3y4 \ = 2y -1
vi) If xy = ex – y , then show that dx

dy log x dy sin x
= . \ = 1- 2y
dx (1 + log x )2 dx