Alexis Mikael T.

Ejercito
Let’s Check: ULO-1a BCE211F (2140)
BSCE (Structural) - #517952 August 12, 2021

Surveying Methods: Research more on the different surveying methods discussed above,
provide pictures and situation in which it is applicable. Affix your
signature at the end of your submittal.

1. Control Survey – utilized to provide long-

lasting, sustainable reference points that may
be used as the foundation for and during the
lifespan of a project and beyond. It is used
in civil engineering to offer a consistent
framework of reference for coordinating all
surveying efforts within a particular region
—some examples of survey initiatives that
uses this sort of control are Plant site Control,
Deformation Monitoring, Aerial Mapping,
or any other survey that necessitates the
development of a collection of control points
that will be utilized on an ongoing basis for
future surveys.

2. Boundary survey – the oldest type of survey

that started in 1,400 B.C. is an essential
component of pre-construction due diligence.
The boundary survey determines the perimeter of
property about the legal description of a place.
To identify the physical border of the site,
professional surveyors from Partner will study
recorded documentation and conduct a physical
examination. Its goal, as mentioned, is to
physically measure and pinpoint a boundary line
using permanent monuments such as iron pipes
or iron pins. A boundary surveyor retraces or
constructs solid boundary lines on the ground to
ascertain boundary lines. A surveyor must visit
the property and review the historical records
linked to the property to execute a boundary
survey.
3. Topographic survey - the recording of
coordinates and height data for a particular
survey area. This information may be used to
generate spot height maps, contour maps, and
more sophisticated terrain models of the surveyed
region. This survey locates and displays all
natural features and elevations on a property's
surface. It is essentially a three-dimensional map
of a three-dimensional property that depicts all
natural and artificial elements and enhancements.
It precisely displays their position, size, height,
and any elevation variations. Topographic
surveying is the process of determining the
relative positions of points (places) on the earth's
surface by measuring horizontal distances,
elevation differences, and directions. The Carte
géométrique de la France is the first topographic
map from the first topographic survey way back 1789.

4. Hydrographic Survey – Its first sounding is

way back 1834. This survey involves measuring
and mapping underwater surfaces and analyzing
the anatomy of the ocean floor, displaying
depth, form, and contours. It is critical to
acquire underwater measurements and
descriptions of most types of bodies of water, as
well as predictions of their change over time,
for the primary goal of navigation safety and
support of all other marine activities. A
hydrographic survey is carried out using
multibeam sonar, which estimates the depth of
the sea bottom by measuring the time it takes
for sound waves to travel from a boat to the
seafloor and back.

5. Mining Survey - Mining surveying can

be summarized as ‘the digging of mine
shafts and galleries and the calculation
of volume of rock’, although it entails
much more than this in practice. Common
technologies in mine surveying today
include terrestrial laser scanning, airborne
laser scanning, airborne photogrammetry,
unmanned aerial systems, and satellite
imagery. All the captured data needs to be
processed in order for it to be of any use.
6. Astronomical Survey – began in 1977, is a
broad map or picture of a region of the sky
that lacks a specific observational objective
is an astronomical survey. An astronomy
survey may also consist of numerous pictures
or spectra of objects that have a common kind
or characteristic. This survey establishes the
absolute location, position, and direction of any
line on the Earth's surface. This survey
demonstrates the absolute location, position,
and direction of any line on the Earth's surface.
This method is used to survey celestial bodies
such as the Moon, Sun, stars, planets, asteroids,
and even constellations.

7. Route survey - refers to surveys required to

sit and build long-distance transportation or
communication lines, such as highways,
railways, open-conduit systems, pipelines,
and power/telecom lines. In conducting this
method of surveying, the following surveying
tools are widely used: theodolite, measuring
tape, total station, 3D scanners, GPS/GNSS,
level, and rod. When not in use, most survey
equipment screws into a tripod. Smaller
distances are frequently measured with
analog or digital tape measures.

8. Photogrammetric Survey - In the 1880s,

the first effective photogrammetric surveying
for geographic purposes began with photos
taken from the ground. It is appropriate for
steep and hilly terrain with limited vegetation
and precise measurements. It is frequently
employed in urban and regional planning
applications. The primary benefit of
photogrammetry is the ease and speed with
which data may be acquired. Photogrammetry
can assist in taking photos, analyzing the data
to get measurements, and converting them to
a 3D map in a short period of time and at a
low cost using UAV, UAS, or satellite
photography.
9. Construction Survey - Also called as
Site Layout Survey is the process of
analyzing construction blueprints and
identifying the placement of planned
new structures such as roads, buildings,
and any other structural footprint layout,
also known as a Site Layout Survey. A
construction survey is performed to
maintain and provide the appropriate
vertical and horizontal control for a
construction project. It entails taking
measurements to determine amounts and
then documenting them to back up the
final payments made to the contractor.
From auto-leveling to Theodolites,
Electronic total stations, handheld GPS
instruments, digital levels, inclinometers,
and distance meters are widely used in
construction surveying worldwide for a
variety of applications ranging from survey
to construction supervision to heavy
engineering precision production.

10. City Survey - This category includes

surveys conducted in connection with the
building of roadways, water supply, and
sewage systems. These are surveys of
regions within and around a city to plan
expansions or improvements, find property
borders, erect reference monuments, assess
the physical features and arrangement of the
land, and create maps. With these purposes,
organized and fair uses of areas are made
for more incoming project plans for a city.

11. Forestry Survey - A forestry survey is

an inspection or survey of woods or forests
to determine the types, characteristics, and
quantity of trees in a specific region. This
approach is also used to survey the borders
of a wood tract in order to identify accurate
property lines, timber-cutting zones, and tract
acreage. A forestry survey will help a forester
accurately interpret forest maps and visualize
the position and type of ground items.
12. Industrial Survey - Industrial surveying
is a survey related to the industry. It might
involve the oil and gas sector, mechanics,
the process industry, power plants, and
other industries. The projects might be huge
or tiny, and they can last for a short or long
time. Surveyors do fieldwork both indoors
and outdoors. This approach is intended to
survey the products and creations of factories,
power plants, and transportations in air,
water, and land. With the advent of the
Industrial Revolution at the start of the
nineteenth century, surveying became a
highly sought-after professional vocation.

13. Cadastral Survey - It is the systematic

survey of the entire municipality to identify
and define all land owners' and claimants'
individual claims, which will serve as the
foundation for the granting of title or
patents. A cadastral surveyor must use both
general surveying spatial-measurement
concepts and legal requirements such as title
respect. Natural and manufactured
monuments are the two types of
monuments.