GEOGRAPHY FORM 3 STUDY PACK

NAME OF TEACHER: MRS MUSHANINGA

SYLLABUS CODE: 0460

WEEK 2 : (LESSON 1)

TOPIC: EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Define employment structure.

 Identify and classify industries into primary, secondary and tertiary and be able to give
illustrations of each.
 Describe and explain how the proportions employed in each sector changes with respect to
the level of development.
Command words Define - Give the meaning or definition of a word or phrase.
Identify Pick out something from information you have been given.
Describe - Write what something is like or where it is.
Describe and explain-say what it is like and give reasons for this.
Explain - Write about why something occurs or happens.

INSTRUCTIONS

 Read the notes.

 Watch the video clip and write short notes.
 Answer the question given at the end of this paper and submit your work.

Media files
Complete geography. Simon Chapman page 164
Instant revision GCSE Geography page 92

http://youtube.com/watch?v=s8yULAzXf2Q employment structure

https://www.geographyalltheway.com/ks3_geography/economic_activities/imagesetc/employment_struct
ure.doc worksheet
KEY WORDS / TERMS
Employment Structure

MEDC: More economically developed country. Basically a richer country where the tertiary/quaternary
sectors are probably the most important.

LEDC: Less economically developed country. Basically a poorer country where the primary sector is
probably the most important sector of the economy.

NIC: Newly industrialising country. A country that is developing quickly and the secondary sector is
probably the most important.

Industry: Industry is any business activity or commercial enterprise. This can include anything from
teaching to fishing and accounting to house building.
Because the definition of industry is so broad, industry is often divided into four smaller categories. The
four main types of industry are:
Primary Sector: The exploitation of raw materials from the land, sea or air e.g. farming and mining.
Secondary Sector: The manufacturing of primary materials into finished products e.g. car building, food
processing or construction.
Tertiary Sector: The providing of services to individuals and other businesses e.g. teaching and nursing.
Quaternary Sector: The generation and sharing of hi-tech knowledge e.g. medical research or computer
design.
Two other words associated with secondary industry are:
Construction: The occupation or industry of building e.g. house building.
Manufacturing: The making of goods e.g. car building.

Industrialisation: The process of the factories opening and secondary sector becoming more important.
In Europe this happened in the late 19th early 20th century and was called the industrial revolution.

Deindustrialisation: The process of factories closing and industry declining in a country. This normally
happens because the cost of labour increases and it becomes cheaper to manufacturer overseas in LEDCs
and NICs.

Mechanisation: The process of manpower being replaced with machine power. As countries develop
machines tend to become more important.

Characteristics of industry
Industry is classified into different sectors - secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The employment structure
of a country shows how the labour force is divided into the different sectors.
Can you name the four types/sectors?
Classification of industry
Primary Sector:
The primary sector exploits raw materials from land, water and air. Examples are fishing, mining,
forestry, farming and quarrying make up most of the jobs in this sector.
Some primary products are sold directly to consumers e.g. fruits and cars while others are sent to
secondary sector firms for processing.
Secondary industry

Steelworker
Secondary industries are those that take the raw materials produced by the primary sector and process
them into manufactured goods and products.

Examples of secondary industries include heavy manufacturing, light manufacturing, food processing, oil
refining and energy production.

Tertiary industry
The tertiary sector is also called the service sector and involves the selling of services and skills. They
can also involve selling goods and products from primary and secondary industries. Examples of tertiary
employment include the health service, transportation, education, entertainment, tourism, finance, sales
and retail.

Surgeons
The biggest area of expansion in the tertiary sector in the UK has been in financial and business services.
According to government statistics, 25 years ago one in ten people worked in this industry, now it is 1 in
5.

The quaternary sector

- consists of those industries providing information services, such as computing, ICT (information and
communication technologies), consultancy (offering advice to businesses) and R&D (research, par
ticularly in scientific fields).

–uses state of the art technology to provide information and expertise Jobs include biotechnology
workers, research scientists, computer scientists and aerospace engineers.

The quaternary sector is sometimes included with the tertiary sector, as they are both service sectors. The
tertiary and quaternary sectors make up the largest part of the UK economy, employing 76 per cent of the
workforce.

Comparing employment structures

The employment structure of a country shows how the labour force is divided between the primary,
secondary and tertiary sectors. Different countries have different employment structures. The employment
structure of a given country can tell you quite a lot about its economy.

In the richest countries, for example, there will usually be more people working in the tertiary/quaternary
sector than in the primary and secondary sectors. In the poorest countries, there tend to be more people
working in the primary sector than in either the secondary or tertiary sectors.

Look at the diagram below. Based on the employment structure, which countries do you think are the
richest and poorest?
 CIA FACTBOOK, 2013
In the richest country (USA), most people work in the tertiary sector. In the poorest country (Nepal), most
people work in the primary sector. In Brazil, the labour force is more evenly distributed between the three
sectors.

Note that the quaternary sector has been included in the tertiary sector.

Exercise
1 Define the terms below
A employment structure
B primary sector
C tertiary sector
Secondary sector. [6]
2 classify the jobs below into primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
Teaching, farming, construction, water in a hotel, car assembling, hair dressor.[6\]
3 Describe the relationship between the primary, secondary and tertiary industry. [3]