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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Gen Z, known as the new generation has the highest technology that had

developed. This newly developed gadgets become big impacts on the society for its

effectiveness in many probable uses.

Technology has always seemed to grow and flourished. The countless

achievements of technology have left everyone in every part of the world today enjoying

the comforts and easiness provided by technology. Modern technology has greatly

improved people's lives through different fields such as work, medicine, business,

industry, and especially education. However, we can’t say and confirmed that technology

is all good in itself. Technology is a two-sided world and we have to see to what extent it

has really helped and improved people's standard of living. There are many possible

effects on using it. And it depends only on the way the users used it.

Gadget is a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, and there

are two types of gadgets the mechanical and electronic gadget. Mobile phone is the most

useful gadget today because of its advance and developed features and it is an example of

electronic gadget.

In today's generation, 21st century, we are inclined with technology, it has

affected and changed the way people live. Technology has made people's lives easier

than before. In today's civilization, transportation, communication, and education have

been greatly developed from new technological advancements. A lot of people have
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lesser stress and hardships in their lives all because of technology that are being

developed each day. To help people to do things at ease and make them do it in a quicker

way. Some of these technologies are cell phones, computers, and the internet

Technology also has negative effects mostly it affects the individuals, persons

health, family, social, financial, and academic life. The individuals or the children loses

focus as he or she only concentrates on using gadgets or technology

Children’s use of modern technologies and it impacts on change in their behavior

with the result of aggression after using various modern technologies. (Van Mierlo, and

Van den Bulck, 2004)

Excessive use of gadgets such as mobile phones, tablets, and computer desktops

can cause physical and mental damage to children. According to a study, a child will

likely to become overweight and develop seizure and vision problems when they spend

too much time using gadgets. In Central Visayas, one of the regions in the Philippines, a

National Nutrition Council (NNC) Region 7 study reported that 3% of children are

considered as obese and overweight. A health article also states that the thinking and

emotional development during the first five years of a child is crucial. Allowing them to

spend more than two hours a day can impact irreversible damage such as slow cognitive

development and attention deficit. (Mong Jimenez)

Further information a health article advises parents to discipline their children by

limiting the time of their gadget use. It is also recommended that they spend more time

with their offspring and let them understand the matter.

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Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study: What are the effects of gadget exposure on the

development of the children?

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following question.

1. What is the Profile of the Parent respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Education of Parent; and

1.4 Economic Status?

2. How do the Students Use of Gadgets be described in terms of;

2.1 Frequency of use

2.2 Purpose;

2.2.1 Socialization

2.2.2 Education; and

2.2.3 Leisure?

3. What is the Level of Development of the children in terms of:

3.1 Physical

3.2 Moral; and

3.3 Social Relation?

4. Is there a significant relationship between Profile of the Parents and Use of

Gadgets?
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5. Difference between the Frequency of Use of Gadget and Level of Development of

the children?

Definition of Terms

Age. The researcher uses this word to determine the maturity of the parents on

how they handle their children.

Behaviour. The researcher use this word to see the action of children in terms of

using gadgets.

Child Development. It refers to how children change while growing up using

gadgets in an early age.

Cognitive. It uses to describe the learning and how a person think.

Economic Status. It uses to describe the ability of the parent to buy or give the

wants of their children such as gadgets.

Education of Parent. The researchers use it to describe the education attainment

of the parent.

Excessive use. It refers to the extreme or too much use of gadgets.

Frequency. It uses to describe how many times children use gadgets for a day.

Gadgets. This refers to an electronic device with practical use but often use. It is

a small mechanical or electronic device with a practical use but often thought of as a

novelty. In this study gadgets refers to phone, tablets, and so on that can children use.
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Generation Z. The generation reaching adulthood in the second decade of the

21st century, perceived as being familiar with the Internet from a very young age. The

researches use this word to describe today's youth generation.

Leisure. It used to describe the time spent of the children on using gadgets.

Modern technology. The researchers use this word because it is the most

addictive things that they use in this generation. It refers to phones, tablets, and so on that

children can use.

Moral. The researcher use this word as how the children's attitude can be change

by using gadget.

Purpose. It uses to describe for what reason why their parent let them use

gadgets.

Sex. The researchers use this to determine the differences of parenting style of

men and women.

Socializing. It refers on how should children interact with the outside world.

Social Contract. It uses to describe the limitation of using things such as gadgets.

Social Relation. It uses to describe how does the relation of the children in

socializing affects them in using gadgets.

Significance of the Study

Parents. In this study parents will be aware on the possible effects of the gadgets

in the development of their children, through this they can help their children to prevent

some specific problem that they may encounter in the future. It can also be the way to the
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parents, to be able to know that they should find alternative way instead of giving their

children gadgets.

Children. Children will be the primordial beneficiary of this study in a way that it

will help them understand the importance of disconnecting from gadgets, to feel the true

meaning of childhood playing outside the house and they can be very attentive in their

classes, they can also benefit in terms of having a better life when they are experience to

step out on a reality because they are not imprisoned in the world of technology. It can

also be guide for them to prevent any type of illness; physically or in moral.

The society. Society can also be the beneficiary, children will be more attentive

on what is happening in their society, they will know how to help the society. It can give

them more knowledge about what can be the effects in the children’s development if they

are keep using gadget. They can grow with a proper manner because they are not

focusing in gadgets; they are more attentive to their surroundings.

Future researchers. This study can help the future researchers on their study and

it can serve as a reference for those who will conduct a research which has the same

intent of limiting the use of gadgets for the children.

Scope and Delimitation

The study aims to aware parents on what can be the effects by letting their

children to use gadget. The beneficiary of this study are the children’s out there also

known as the Generation Z. The research was conducted in Tomas Del Rosario College.
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This study conducted with limited amount of financial resources and time

framework. The study mainly focused on the effects of gadget in development of the

children in Tomas Del Rosario College.

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Notes in Chapter I

Mierlo V. (2010). Effects of Modern Gadgets on Student. Retrieved from:

https://gadgetseffects.weebly.com/?fbclid=IwAR1qS54KOgT8MpEhWyjJl8
CbmCJ1ot3dT5sA2sGv3S2iKuBmhIBtFy-H1Vk
Jimenez M. (2018). Keeping Children Away from the bad effects of Gadget
overuse. Retrieved from: https://thedailyguardian.net/uncategorized/keeping-children-
away-bad-effects-gadget-overuse/
Idos G. (2017). The Impact of Gadgets Un Learning Among Grade 11 Students.
Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/35178120/THE_IMPACT_ OF_GADGETS_
IN_LEARNING_AMONG_GRADE_11_STUDENTS?
fbclid=IwAR3OXLNMpTm3MxZQaqq9SfWW0CeXxwLB6-
CK15QGQ_txmZMLfHiEzQA1hrg
Unknown. (2013). How has Modern Technology. Retrieved from:
https://www.studymode.com/essays/How-Has-Modern-Technology-Improved-
People's-1724734.html
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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the relevant theory, related literature, related studies,

conceptual framework and the hypothesis of the study.

Relevant Theory

This study is abounded on the following theories. Seminal learning Theories by

Jean Piaget (1980), Psychosexual Developmental Theory by Sigmund Freud (1939)

and Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura (1977).

Seminal learning Theories by Piaget (1980) Child development theory also

introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, which is the gap between

what a person can do with help and what they can do on their own. It is with the help of

more knowledgeable others that people are able to progressively learn and increase their

skills and scope of understanding.

The researchers choose this theory because it gives information on the possible

effect to child and the environment that they are living in, children can be easily

influenced, or they can adopt to their society easily just by what they see. A child is still

in process of learning, everything they do is by the influence of their surroundings.

Sociocultural means adapting the culture of their society, Children can learn with the help

of their own understanding in the society. Having interaction with others, doing enjoyable
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things outside the house with other people helps them a lot to improve their sociocultural

aspect.

Psychosexual Developmental Theory by Freud (1939) Freud’s Psychosexual

Developmental Theory was one of these important products in which Freud

explained that child experiences, experienced at different ages in childhood, directly

go on to dictate personality and behavior patterns in the later adult. This general

theory has since birthed virtually countless studies, disciplines, and other academic

and business establishments.

This is theory was related to the researchers study because it tackles about

what child experience time to time in their childhood they can bring it all in the

future same as the researchers study they choose the parents as their respondents

because they know that what parents thought to their child that would child brings in

the future because it was all start in the young age that’s why researchers think that it

should be thought at the young age so they can guide them to moderate using

gadgets.

Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) It is commonly relied upon today

across many industries and professions. This theory states that while much child learning

and development does come from direct experience, much also comes from modeling and

simple observations. Bandura himself is another important and very pioneering figure in

psychology who is currently the Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. Social

learning theory is a theory of learning process and social behavior which proposes that

new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is
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a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through

observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or

direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also occurs

through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as vicarious

reinforcement. When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will most likely

persist; conversely, if a particular behavior is constantly punished, it will most likely

desist. The theory expands on traditional behavioral theories, in which behavior is

governed solely by reinforcements, by placing emphasis on the important roles of various

internal processes in the learning individual.

This theory is related to the study because it says that it can affect the children

behavior or development by imitating what they can see surround them. Like what the

first theory said children is still in their process of learning. It is said that children can

developed their behavior by the influence of the environment and the people surrounding

it, it is related to our study because development is the one who changes a lot on children

when they are using too much gadgets, being imprisoned by technology and cannot

experience the life in the outside world, environmental influence them a lot too in their

behavior which has enormous effect in developing their social skills and this gadget were

the culprit in developing child’s negative behavior. By these parents can have knowledge

and awareness that they should educate their children by explaining to them what the true

happenings in their generation is.

Related Literature

Age
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Unknown (2013). Although many women wait until they are well into their

20s and beyond to have children, a large number of young women and teenage girls

do get pregnant. Having a child at a young age not only puts  stress on the mother, but

also poses a risk for the child. It has been well established that children born to

adolescents are more likely to live in poverty and to have developmental and

psychological challenges that children born to adult mothers do not.

Mikko Mryskyla and Andrew Fenelon (2012). Advanced maternal age is

associated with negative offspring health outcomes. This interpretation often relies on

physiological processes related to aging, such as decreasing oocyte quality. find that

offspring born to mothers younger than age 25 or older than 35 have worse outcomes

with respect to mortality, self-rated health, height, obesity, and the number of diagnosed

conditions than those born to mothers aged 25–34.

Apryl Duncan (2019). The research found that older parents who has child can

raise their way much better than a young parents and also in terms of educating them

because older parents has a lot of knowledge and background.

This literature was related because it answers the question how does the age of

parent effects their way of raising their in terms of financial at also in disciplining the

children.

Sex

Kashahu L (2014). The descriptive analysis shows that 43.2% (32 parents) of

authoritative parents are male and 53.4% are female (108 parents). Tolerant fathers are

not present in any case, while a few mothers appear to be tolerant 2.7% (4 persons).
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Fathers with authoritarian parenting style are 54.1% (40) and mothers 41.1% (60).

Negligent fathers are 2.7% (2), mothers 2.7% (4). According to these findings, gender

differences between parenting styles, specifically mothers, appear to be more

authoritative versus fathers who have a high percentage of authoritarian style. There are

high European Scientific Journal May 2014 edition vol.10, No.13 ISSN: 1857 – 7881

(Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 242 percentages of tolerant mothers and there are no tolerant

fathers. In terms of negligible style, percentage values are equal for mothers and fathers.

Garcia A. & De Guzman MR (2017). Through gender socialization, males and

females learn the social expectations associated with one’s sex. Role theory explains why

differences in parenting between mothers and fathers may emerge. Because they learn

different roles, men and women are expected to behave differently. Society expects the

mother’s role to be that of a caregiver, so early on, girls are taught to be caring and to

provide warmth. The father’s role, on the other hand, is characterized to be that of a

financial provider and disciplinarian. Boys are socialized to be serious and stern, and that

to show warmth and sensitivity is a sign of weakness. As such, fathers traditionally have

little involvement and responsibility in the child-rearing front. As they act out their

gender roles, a traditional mother is assumed to be more nurturing than controlling,

whereas the opposite is expected of a traditional father. With this assumption, it was first

suggested that a combination of an indulgent mother and an authoritative or authoritarian

father is the most prevalent in conventional households.

De Lima, Lorenzo and Castronuevo, Eva (2016). Five pairs of parents were

interviewed in the process of gathering, five mothers and five fathers, who have children

aged 3-8 and are exposed and using technology at the present time. A set of self-made
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questionnaires was made to answer the research. The reason for the parents to provide

their children with gadgets are for leisure and educational purposes of the children, and

especially for communication, for easier access with their children. It showed that the

most provided gadget by the parents was tablet/ipad. When it comes to their experiences,

there were two sides of point of view, the progressive and the regressive. The parents

know the benefits and, at the same time, the risk factors of the modern technology to their

children.

There are different ways on how a parent rule their children based on their gender.

The people all know that father is the one who are really strict on their children. That will

do everything just to protect their children. Mother she was the one who inspire and guide

their children of what path will they take instead of controlling it.

Education of Parent

Joan E. Grusec, PhD, Tanya Danyliuk, BA (2014). Having learned how to

parent in the course of being parented. Another is that they are behaving in accord with

information about appropriate parenting acquired through books, Web sites, or informal

and formal advice. Yet another major determinant of their behaviour lies in their general

attitudes as well as specific beliefs, thoughts, and feelings that are activated during

parenting: These have a powerful impact on behaviour, even if parents are distressed by

or unaware of that impact. Researchers interested in children’s development have

explored parenting attitudes, cognitions, and the resulting emotions (such as anger or

happiness), because of their influence on parenting behaviour and on the subsequent

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impact of that parenting behaviour on children’s socioemotional and cognitive

development.

Eric F. Dubow, et al (2010). Parental educational level is an important predictor

of children’s educational and behavioral outcomes, effects on children’s educational and

occupational success of their parents’ educational level while controlling for other indices

of family socioeconomic status and the children’s own intelligence, and to examine

possible mediators of the effects of parents’ education on children’s educational and

occupational outcomes. We predicted that late adolescent aspirations for future success

would affect actual educational and occupational success in adulthood.

Jacquelynne S. Eccles (2010). Probably the most prominent and direct

explanation of the link between parents’education and their children’s academic

achievement relies on the assumption that parents learn something during schooling that

influences the ways in which they interact with their children around learning activities in

the home parents’ education should influence parents’ skills, values and knowledge of the

educational system; which, in turn, should influence their educational practices at home

and the skills children have to model, as well as the parents’ ability to intervene in the

educational system on their children’s behalf.

This literature shows that a parents education may affect a child's development

because if a parent is not educated enough to parent a child, a child's development can be

affected mostly in using gadgets because if a parent knows the best for her or his child he

or she should've known the consequence of her or his child being addicted to gadgets

Economic Status
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Santiago Cuenco (2017) It has been widely recognized that poverty is a key

variable to explain why over 200 million young children from low- and middle-income

countries do not develop at similar levels as their non-poor peers. Time and again, our

research shows that being poor often is associated with many other health and social

problems that make it hard to get out of poverty. But the good news is that there are also

protective factors in the environment where children live that can mitigate the effects of

these risk factors. Identifying these risk and protective factors has been an important area

for research over the past few years, with immediate implications for policy work.

Ariel Kalil (2016). What hapapens in the home is paramount to children’s early

development. Economically disadvantaged children’s limited access to cognitively

enriching home environments may help drive growing gaps in cognitive and non-

cognitive skills, producing a feedback cycle that leads to low socioeconomic mobility and

further grows inequality. Research increasingly suggests that policy should identify new

targets for programs aimed at enhancing parent-child interactions in low-income families,

such as Early Head Start and Healthy Families America. All parents want to help their

children flourish, but low-income parents often lack the resources to achieve their

parenting goals. Parents are children’s first teachers and, to equalize the playing field,

governments need to invest in parents so that they, in turn, can better invest in their

children.

Elizabeth O. Ananat et al (2015). To understand how economic downturns

affect children's development, scholars have concentrated on how parents’ loss of a job

affects children's well‐being, but have largely ignored the potential effects of downturns

on children whose parents remain employed. In this article, we review research across
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disciplines to demonstrate that economic downturns should be conceptualized as a

community‐level event that affects all children in a community, not just those whose

parents have lost jobs. We focus on three mechanisms linking downturns to children's

developmental outcomes: structural changes to communities, the economic and

psychological effects on individuals who are continuously employed, and the strain of job

loss on social networks. We conclude by discussing ongoing research and looking at

implications for public policy.

Economic status affects the development of the children is because if a parents

economic status is stable they can cope up with the newest technology, they can easily

buy or get the latest gadgets from time to time. Economic status have contributed a big

role in a child’s development mostly if the parents are financially and socially stable, they

can easily buy their children wants and needs at a small span of time. Parents tend to

spoiled there kids by buying gadgets because gadgets are more hassle free to use and has

a lot of advantages and disadvantages.

Frequency of use

Pamela Rutledge (2018). Psychologist and child development expert state that

there is no universal age for a child to be ready to use a smartphone. Pamela Rutledge,

psychologist and the director of Media Psychology Research Centre (MPRC) in United

States, said that introducing children to the mobile technology in a young age will give

them a strong base in the developing digital world. But parents also have to accompany

their children according to their emotional and physical maturity. The American

Academy of Paediatrics and The Canadian Society of Paediatrics state that children
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below 2 years old are better to be without gadget. The usage of gadget 4-5 times a day

can have a serious effect.

Sundus M. (2018). In 2013 Daily mail reported that 29% of the toddlers can

easily use the gadgets and remaining 70% are master by primary school age. Really

Surprising! According to the USA Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, an

average child spends about 8 hours a day watching electronic screens. As they are

growing older the use of gadgets also increases. Too much gadget use can also affect the

long-term vision problem. Plus chance of myopia also increases in children when they

spend about 8 hours daily on gadgets. When people use electronic screens, they blink

less. On an average, a person blinks about 15 times in a minute. Due to the high attention

required while using an electronic screen, this rate can drop to less than 5 times in a

minute. A lot of research has been done on this type of phenomena; this paper describes

the positive and negative impact of gadgets on children.

 Revati Thatte (2018). In the last decade, digital consumption on mobile devices

has overtaken that on desktop devices. Between 2011 and 2016, about 300% growth was

seen with data consumption on mobile devices, while that on desktop devices and other

connected devices stayed relatively flat.  The growth in combined number of

smartphone/tablet users is expected to grow from current 2.5 billion to about 3.13 billion

by 2020 (about 23%). Social networking, listening to music, watching videos and playing

games represent the bulk of what people do with their smartphones and tablets.

Essentially, it’s about communication and entertainment, two things that help people to

cope with the level of stress in today’s world.

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This literature is related to our study because frequency of use is the one who is

important to monitor by the parents. It can see here how much the parents will allow their

children to use gadgets. And the statement above can say the percentage of how addictive

the children are in their own gadgets.

Purpose

Frudin Kemnsu (2017). Gadgets enhance our effectiveness. Prior to the

innovation of the telephone or the more recent e-mails, sending messages and letters

would take days to reach its location. The soft wares made use of for application in the

net and the telecommunication are absolutely nothing but technical gizmos. These

gadgets really have actually increased human efficiency in regards to work and made the

world a much better place to live in.

Sundus M. (2018). Technology has been proven to be very helpful in educating

student. Children can access the educational websites and can get detailed information

about required topic. Technology makes things better as have access to pile of material

and can be very useful in research and understanding things better. Visual presentations,

educational videos, interactive programs, learning tutorial and variety of books available

all the time on internet has revolutionized education in a better way. Kids learn state of

the art tools and methods by their own. Educational games help children to perform well

in their studies. As they can have many online quizzes available, online tutorials and

brainstorming riddles.

Malini Gopalakrishnan (2017). Says by Dr Nithya Poornima “Gadgets have

become the new-age medium of pacification or engagement for a child. Parents often give
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them to children to keep them busy. It forms an interpersonal barrier because both adult

and child are then relying on this technology to stay engaged instead of interacting with

each other. It may still serve a purpose when it is used in short spurts of time, as when

done consciously by a parent who says, ‘I am going to be on a call for the next ten minutes

and during that time you may play on the tablet’. Now, that is better than something that is

unconscious and becomes a habit. Like children who cannot eat or drink without a gadget

because they’ve been conditioned to do so.”

Purpose is related to our study because they state here what can be the purpose of

the children to use their gadgets. And why children using their gadgets? Is it essential to

have gadgets this day? it can be a way to the parents to know why they should educate

their children of the consequences they will encounter if they use it in a bad or good

purpose.

Socialization

Sugandhi Raghavan (2018). Unfortunately, this introduction to technology

which usually begins with humble games and nursery rhymes transforms into a full-

fledged addiction when it becomes uncontrollable. The excitement generated by these

gadgets is just too overwhelming to be ignored. Oftentimes parents are not aware of the

dangers lurking behind the smartphones, laptops and computers which they proudly equip

their children with. With more and more parents working to make ends meet, children are

mostly left with caretakers and many have the advantage of enjoying their privacy. With

cutting-edge gadgets and ample privacy within their reach, children are drawn towards

the opportunity to engage in activities which eventually become detrimental to their

physical and mental health.

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Unknown (2018). Based on the findings, children now seem to crave screen time

with their tablets and phones more than they do sugar and sweets. Children were more

likely to be looking at a screen than playing outside, and almost a quarter - 23% - were

online more than their parents.

Erica Zamora Reyes (2018). With technology gadgets, kids spend more time inside

than outside. As an adult, you probably remember the many times you went out for a bike ride or

just being outside. For our children, the times are different, and the customs are too. Kids instead

spend more time watching TV, playing video games, on apps, or on the computer browsing as a

form of entertainment than go out and play. When our kids spend more time in front of a screen,

they are inactive and more likely to snack (and not healthy snacks). Lack of exercise can lead to

weight gain, slows down metabolism, and cause loss of strength in muscles and bones.

Lack of communication or socializing with others and that is because of using too

much gadgets, they can't experience the life in outside word just focusing on mobile and

don't even pay attention to their surroundings, lack of communication to their parents and

that is because of gadgets. Gadgets can have the big impact in our life especially in a

negative way. Lack of communication can lead to misunderstanding.

Education

Unknown (2017). Gadgets play a vital role in the educational field in order to

improve their skills and knowledge. It is very important for them since they need to

improve their knowledge power to gain success in the future. Teachers can enhance their

teaching skills and strategies also. In short, this technology is very important for both

students and teachers but on the other hand, this technology has disadvantages too.

Gadgets make the world a great and easy place to live. The growth of gadgets of ever-
 22

increasing difficulty opens new panorama for human ability. Gadgets provide a secure, at

ease and well-nourished life for billions of human beings. People need advanced

technology to stay active and strong.

Ridhi Malhotra (2016). It has been proven again and again that gadgets are a

person’s best friend. No matter whether it’s a smartphone or tablet, gadgets have

established themselves as useful handy devices in education. Students can not only access

the web, but even get thorough knowledge about any topic that might be bugging them.

Moreover, educative games on computers are known to enhance the reasoning and

aptitude of students and also exponentially help them to fare well in academics.

Crystal Ayres (2015). The internet is a treasure trove of information. Practically

anything you need to know can be found online. Although there is a question of the

credibility of the source and the data provided, it can still serve as an educational resource

for students. Even without assistance from parents and teachers, students can just look up

their lessons online. Technology also presents universal tools that enable teachers to

educate all types of student. These include voice recognition, text-to-speech converter,

translator.

Gadget also has a good impact in our society, it help children to make their

assignment easily, and teachers on their way of teaching. Gadgets help us to improve our

education to make it easier and more productive.

Leisure

Sarrah Tan (2015). After being confronted with the reality that my young

children spend far too much of their free time on iPad either playing Mine craft, Tap Zoo
 23

and Surfer Run, or watching YouTube videos, I decided there must be better things for

them to do, because they become quite irritable after playing online games for too long.

There are four big ideas I would encourage them to do during their free time such as play,

create, think and dream.

Suren Ramasubbu (2015). Some other leisure activities have changed for the

worse. What used to be outdoor play time for children is increasingly being replaced by

sedentary device-based gaming time. Kaiser Family Foundation reports that children

whose parents use screen media for more than two hours per day spend an average of 28

minutes more per day watching TV compared to children of parents who watch less than

two hours per day. Leisure activities of children have always changed over time, but the

digital age has probably changed it most in the least amount of time.

Sarah Babu (2014). Children today spend most of their time using technology

without even realizing the effects of this issue. Kids must stop spending their time staring

at screens in order to spend more time bonding with family and getting up and active. At

Illinois State University, a recreation and kinesiology professor told over 700 children to

wear pedometers in order to track the amount of time they spent using video games and

television.Children need to use their time more wisely instead of wasting it, whether by

playing on an Xbox or texting on an iPhone 24 hours a day.

Excessive usage of gadgets damage your children’s leisure time, it affects their

free time on playing outside the house that can lead them to have less interaction with

others, lack of interest on other things this is because of unlimited screen exposure from

the technology. It affects them in a way that they will be a loner and don’t have that much
 24

friends because they are more depending their lives on gadgets rather than playing and

enjoying their free time outside the house.

Physical

Asma Ali Zain (2018). In this study parents view obesity as the biggest health

issue among kids today with more than half of those surveyed naming it as a serious

health issue, followed by anxiety/psychological issues.

Mars Mosqueda Jr (2017). Children exposed to gadgets for more than two hours

a day have higher risk of becoming overweight, which could lead to other serious

illnesses such as diabetes and heart diseases and vision problems when they spend too

much time using gadgets.

Dyana Macalino (2018). There can be a lot of effects in the children if they use

too much of gadgets. Staring at an LCD screen for hours on end is not good for the eyes,

especially for corneas that are still developing in kids. Blurred vision, fatigue, headaches,

myopia, and dry eyes. They can also have hearing problems, this is a common issue for

kids who love to use music players and watch videos on tablets. Children tend to listen to

music at a higher volume and can do this for hours. Their posture can also be affected

because most of time children using gadgets and just sit and not do some outdoor

activities.

This literature was related to the researcher’s study because it gives some possible

effects to the children physical health in terms of using too much of gadgets.

Moral

Aby League (2015) A study by the National Institutes of Health found that the

increase in use of modern technology can break the old boundaries of family, values,
 25

behavior and children’s well-being. Some games available in the internet portray sex,

murder, torture and mutilation, which can make kids violent and aggressive.

Champak (2017) Most parents have noticed that their kids learn to be aggressive

due to long hours of playing games in their tablets. Tantrums are the most common form

of aggressiveness among toddlers. As they grow older, children who are addicted to

computer games are more likely to confront and disobey their elders. So as early as

today, instead of relying on tablets to quiet down your little dynamo, opt for coloring

books or balls.

Unknown (2018). Most of the toddlers throw a tantrum when the parents take

away their beloved gadgets away from them. This can eventually turn to their mannerism

which leads to behavioral issues as they grow up, if not handled well.

Gadget affects children’s morality where they become aggressive and throw

tantrums when their parents take away their gadgets when they use it for hours because

they get comfortable and having more fun in playing games in it which cause them to

disrespect their parents.

Social Relation

Nicole Beurkens (2017) Too much time spent on digital media consumption,

including Internet use, takes away from time spent socializing with friends, working on

learning activities, and engaging with the world around them. This reduction in the

amount of time spent engaging in face-to-face interactions with adults and peers can

result in poorer social skills, increased social anxiety, and lower quality relationships

overall.
 26

Unknown (2017). Technological gadgets have posed a bad impact on social

relationships. Children are addicted to gadgets. They don’t have time to sit with their

parents and to spend some good time with them. They prefer to connect with their friends

and relatives via text messaging, chatting etc., rather than meeting them actually. Means,

they are connected with others in the virtual world, but not in the real world.

Champak (2017) In an article published in The New York Times, Dr. Gary

Small, says that if children spend too much time on technology and less time with people,

it hinders interaction and disrupts the normal communication skill development on

children. In a family set-up, toddlers often fail to improve on their communication with

their parents since they surround themselves with inanimate objects. Others copy and

inherit the skill of talking from TV but fail when socializing with other people.

Gadgets can affect the social relation of the children when they spend more time

in using it, once they get pre-occupied in using their gadgets they tend to forget their

surroundings as they feel comfortable by using it which lessens the communication

between their peers and family and which also affect their socializing ability as they

spending more time in their gadgets which cause them speech delays.

Related Studies

Yasser Alghamdi (2016). The use of technology in the classrooms is becoming

more prominent every day. It has enabled the teachers to pass comparatively more

information in a shorter time than it was traditionally possible. Although technology

through media and electronic gadgets are able to help children to gain vast amounts of

knowledge, taught them how to be independent and has given them access to educational
 27

resources; there are some negative influences that are accompanied with the positive ones

which should not be neglected. Introducing technology to children at young age can have

adverse effects in their personal lives, their relationships with others, and their health in

the future. It can also lead children to social isolation and give rise to other serious

physical and mental diseases such as, obesity, computer vision syndrome, and depression.

It was related to the researchers study because in this study it said that there is a

lot of benefits in using gadgets but there are also negative effects in the development of

the children when they use too much of it same as the researcher’s study.

Jyoti Ranjan Muduli (2017). In the present era the introduction of modern

technological gadgets has captured the attention of global population. This study showed

that most of the young respondents spend a large amount of their time with their tech-

gadgets and services provided by them. The purposes of use in most cases are pleasure

driven rather than necessity driven. Again, it reveals that addiction to tech-devices has

many negative impacts on the aspects relating to mental health of the respondents and has

become a causal factor in the change of lifestyle of young participants.

It was related to the researchers study because it really showed that this new era

or this generation really depend on their gadgets that could lead to them to addiction and

other negative impacts to the health of the user same as what the researchers wanted to

show in their study.

Daphne Bavelier et al (2010). Children today encounter and utilize technology

constantly both at home and in school. Television, DVDs, video games, the internet, cell

phones and PDAs all now play a formative role in many children’s development. Given

that the term “technology” subsumes a large variety of somewhat independent items, it
 28

may not be surprising that current research indicates causes for both optimism and for

concern that depend upon the content of the technology, the context in which the

technology immerses the user, and the developmental stage of the user. Furthermore,

because the field is still, relative to other natural sciences, in its infancy, results can be

surprising. For example, video games designed to be reasonably mindless result in a

widespread enhancement of various abilities, acting, we will argue, as exemplary learning

tools. Counter-intuitive outcomes like these, besides being practically relevant, challenge

and eventually lead to refinement of theories concerning fundamental principles of brain

plasticity and learning. Thus, technology offers us a range of tools, not just for promoting

certain behaviors, but also for studying the neural bases of learning and development.

This study proves that technology has a big impact and effect to a child's

development due to massive exposure in gadgets. A fact that a lot of exposure of gadgets

can affect a child's development in many ways.

Arlinda Sari Wahyuni el at (2019). A study in Malaysia conducted in 2011

found that children became very dependent on gadgets, they would have negative

sentiments if they lost their gadgets, the majority will say that they will be angry, sad, and

insecure [4]. The use of gadgets for too long duration can affect aggressive levels in

children. Also, the child becomes insensitive to the environment around him. Children

who are too cool with their gadgets result in forgetting to interact or communicate with

people around and their families, and that will have a negative impact on children's social

development.

It was related to the researcher’s study because it tells about what the negative

outcome would be when children depended to gadgets too much. And don't moderate the
 29

use of it same of what the researcher’s study that tells too much of gadgets would be

dangerous to children.

Sundus M (2018). Kids use gadgets for various purposes like playing games,

watching videos, listening songs, chatting with their friends, browsing different websites.

They spend most of their time in these activities and don’t pay attention to their posture,

screen brightness, and screen distance from their eyes which ultimately affect their vision

and health.

Gadgets has a lot of purpose; it can ease boredom by playing some games and

other applications. However, using too much gadgets can affect physical health as well.

This is related to our study because it is the true way of the parents that our study should

address. The researchers want to conduct this study to give parents awareness on what

can be the effect of gadgets in their children.

 Ferdinan Benito Siahaan et al (2019). The frequency or intensity of the

children in using gadgets will affects their mental and emotional development. From a

study conducted by the University of Western Australia, through a survey of 2,600 school

students about the length of looking at the gadget screen, it was found that 45% of 8-

year-old children and 80% of 16-year-old students spent more than two hours of playing

gadget in a day.

This study is related to our study because it shows how children is addicted to

their gadgets by monitoring their frequency of use. The parents should be aware on what

can be the effect of too much exposure of their children in gadget can affect their whole

live or development.
 30

Richard Jenkins (2018).Young children spend twice as long looking

at screens as they do playing outside. By the time they reach the age of seven, children

will have been looking at screens for the equivalent of 456 days – an average of four

hours every day. But just 182 days, or an average of just over an hour and a half a day,

will have been playing outdoors. Children spent many hours every week on this sort of

physical, imaginative, social play. Real play' like this is not only enjoyable: it is vitally

important in young lives.

This study are related because it gives information on how gadgets occupied

children’s free time rather than playing outside. It also tells how much time children

consume on gadgets.

Dr. Jyothsna Bhat (2019). A child’s brain is still in the process of developing the

ability for impulse control, attention, focus, organization, etc. This is a vulnerable time as

the brain is beginning to adapt to internal and external demands. This is also a period of

adjustment as the child develops refined cognitive functioning. Dr. Aric Sigman, of the

British Psychological Society, talks of how too much screen time should not be

introduced to children too early on. For instance, children between the ages of 6 – 24

months have a 49% increased risk of developing speech delays (Pediatrics Supp l2,2017),

according to a large study conducted by 130 experts along with the non -profit

organization, Children and Screen.

This study is related to the research because it tells how gadgets can also help

children to develop their cognitive skills and it tells as well the possible effect if they use
 31

too much of it. And also give information on how parent should limit their children from

using too much gadgets.

Lorenzo De Lima (2016). This study aims to look at the different perception of

the parents with their children's use of modern technology. Five pairs of parents were

interviewed in the process of gathering, five mothers and five fathers, who have children

aged 3-8 and are exposed and using technology at the present time. This study focused on

the parental perspectives, the reasons, the experiences and control of the usage of modern

technology of their children. Coding was used as a tool of data analysis in this research.

The reason for the parents to provide their children with gadgets are for leisure and

educational purposes of the children, and especially for communication, for easier access

with their children.

The researchers noticed that the gender have big impact on how a parent control

their children. Because based on the information, father have his different parenting style

which is he is not tolerating their children in their things. While the mother also has her

different parenting style that she will give her children what they want to the point that

she is tolerating them sometimes. But even they have their different parenting style they

should know the limits and how they will control their children.

Mosqueda Jr. M. (2017). Children exposed to gadgets for more than two hours a

day have higher risk of becoming overweight, which could lead to other serious illnesses

such as diabetes and heart diseases.This was the pronouncement of Dr. Parolita Mission,

head of the National Nutrition Council (NNC) 7, during Tuesday’s 888 News Forum at a

hotel in Cebu City.“The maximum allowed exposure to gadgets, including television, is

 32

only two hours but children are exposed to more hours because parents are too busy to

monitor the activities of their kids,” Mission said. Over exposure to gadgets means

children are now living sedentary lives, Mission said. This could affect blood circulation

and result in children becoming overweight and obese, she added.In Central Visayas, 3%

of children are overweight and obese, based on NNC data as of 2016. Mission said

nutrition officials are expecting the percentage of overweight and obese children in the

region to increase this year due to the popularity of gadgets.

Excessive use of gadgets has so many possible negative effect that we can

encounter, cnn gather a data in (2016) that 3% of children's population in western visayas

are obese and has diabetes and this is because of using too much gadgets they become

lazy and lazy, in excessive use of gadgets can develop so many illness.

Conceptual Framework

IV DV
1. What is the Profile of the
respondents
in terms of:
 Age
 Sex
 Education of Parent; and 3. Level of Development
 Economic Status? of the children in terms of:
2. How do the Use of Gadgets be  Physical
described in terms of;
 Moral; and
 Frequency of use
 Social Relation?
 Purpose;
 Socialization
 Education; and
 Leisure?
 33

Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study

The researchers used Age, Sex, Education of parent and economic status to

identify the ability of parent in Tomas Del Rosario College to raise their child in a proper

way and their ability to control the child in terms of using gadgets as a respondent of the

study. The researchers used Frequency of use and Purpose in Socialization, Education

and Leisure to describe the use of gadgets of the children in Tomas Del Rosario College

and its purposes.

Hypothesis of the Study

1. There is no significant relationship between Profile and Use of Gadgets.

2. There is no difference between Use of Gadgets and Level of Development of the

children.
 34

Notes in Chapter II

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Duncan, A. (2019). The unique struggles and benefits older parents face.
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Kashahu,L.(2014). Parental perceptions of technology and technology-focused

parenting: Associations with youth screen time. Retrieved
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Garcia, A. & De Guzman, M.R. (2017). Parenting styles, gender difference.

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ferences_in?fbclid=IwAR0L3AsiwGyQr3oNjbQc3HBxwb1kSVxrOgPb_UpG5pdoR-
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Dubow, E. F. et al. (2010). Let the children play. Retrieved from:

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development?. Retrieved from:
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Malini Gopalakrishnan (2017). Benefits of fairy tales for preschoolers.

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 36

Raghavan, S. (2018). Crucial to control usage of gadgets among children.

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Zamora, E.Z. (2018). Why you should limit the use of technology for your
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 39

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents methods and techniques, population and sampling

procedure, research instrument, construction and validation of instrument, data gathering

procedure and the statistical treatment of data that will be used in the study.

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE STUDY

A descriptive research design will be use in this study to analyze parents’ profile,

parenting style and their background knowledge about the possible effects of gadgets

exposure to the development of the children.

Survey will be use by the researcher as a technique because it will provide detailed

information about the parents’ thoughts and behaviors on their experience and perception on the

given issue or research question. knowledge about the possible effects of gadgets exposure

to the development of the children.

For further information, survey method research, participants answer questions

administered through interviews or questionnaires.  After participants answer the

questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both

reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly.  Questions

should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend. (Jamie Hale, M. S 2018)

Population and Sampling of the Study

 40

As shown in the table there is 20 parents of pupil respondents in grade I which

takes the 32.26% of the respondents, while in grade II there is 20 parents of pupil

respondents

Table 1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents of the Study

The study will be conducted among all students from grade 1 to grade 6of Tomas

del Rosario College Elementary school during SY 2019-2020

GRADE LEVEL POPULATION SAMPLE PERCENTAGE

Grade I 62 20 32.26
Grade II 73 20 27.40
Grade III 91 20 21.98
Grade IV 73 20 27.40
Grade V 92 20 21.74
Grade VI 79 20 25.32
TOTAL 470 120 25.53
which takes the 27.40% of the respondent, next in grade III there is 20 parents of pupil

respondents which takes the 21.98% of the respondents. Then in grade IV there is 20

parents of pupil respondents which takes the 27.40 of the respondents, while in grade V

there is 20 parents pupil respondents which takes 21.74% of the respondents, lastly in

grade VI there is 20 parents of pupil respondents which takes 25.32 of the respondents.

In total, there are 120 parents of the pupil respondents as to complete the 25% of

the respondents. The rearchers did not reach their goal to get the 100% of the respondents

because some of their respondents didn’t give back questionnaires that they gave.

Instrument of the Study

 41

This study will use a researcher-made checklist-questionnaire to gather data and

information from the respondents pertinent to the study. The questionnaire is constructed

for the parent-respondents which will be composed of three parts.

Part I. this includes profile of parents-respondents in terms of Age, Sex,

Educational Background, Economic Status

Part II of the questionnaire will determine the purpose and how often the children

use gadgets using a 5-point scale

Part III of the questionnaire will measure how the level of the development affect

the children using different 5- point scales

Construction and Validation of Instrument

The questionnaire on parents’ profile and the use of gadgets condition of children

are researcher-made. Researcher will use survey to the parents on how long their children

stay on their gadgets and its purpose to get sufficient information regarding the effect of

this to their children.

A part of the survey will conduct in Tomas Del Rosario College where we can

find problem that parent’s encounter in terms of children’s excessive use of gadgets and

some possible solution of it.

The questionnaire, upon completion will be presented to the subject teacher for

some comments and suggestions to improve the format and content and also to check if

the question is answerable by the beneficiaries. It also be shown to the school

administration who are knowledgeable for this topic. The Elementary teacher of Tomas
 42

Del Rosario College who are not included in the study will also check upon the

questionnaire for larger amount of validation process.

After modification, the questionnaire will be presented in final form.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers made a letter to get a permission to conduct their study at Tomas

Del Rosario College (Elementary Department). An endorsement letter from Mr.

Francisco Sanchez. The study is about to conduct for approximately one week of the 30%

parent population in every grade as for their preference about the effects of gadget

exposure in their children in terms of physical, moral and social relation.

After collecting all data, the researchers with the help of the statistician tabulated

and tallied the survey. The result would hopefully be the basis for the parents to know

what the effects of excessive use of gadget in their children development can be.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical treatment that will used are survey distribution.

The survey distribution will be used to determine parents’ profile and the

condition of children in using excessive gadgets.

To determine the children’s frequency used of gadgets and the purpose of it, it

will be utilized.

The survey that will be used to determine the parent’s profile and the children’s

condition is related to their excessive used of gadgets. This tool is according to the
 43

researchers to determine some sufficient information to the possible effect of excessive

use of gadgets in children.

However, this survey will be used as well to determine which of the parents’

profile and the condition of children in terms of gadget the most related to the effect of

excessive use of gadgets.

 44

Notes in Chapter III

4 Ways Childhood Emotional Neglect Makes You Vulnerable to Workplace Bullies

4 Ways Childhood Emotional Neglect Makes You Vulnerable to Workplace Bullies

Jamie Hale, M. S (2018). 4 Ways Childhood Emotional Neglect Makes You
Vulnerable to Workplace Bullies. Retrieved from:
https://blogs.psychcentral.com/childhood-neglect/2019/10/4-ways-childhood-emotional-
neglect-makes-you-vulnerable-to-workplace-bullies/
 45

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

relevant to the study on the Effects of Gadget Exposure on the Development of the

Elementary pupils at Tomas Del Rosario. This chapter discusses the findings and relates

these to related studies conducted by other researchers.

Table 2

Profile of Pupil’s Parent -Respondents

Sex Frequency Percent

Male 17 14.17
Female 101 84.17
Total 120 100.00
Age Frequency Percent
below 24 yrs. old 17 14.17
25-30 yrs. old 15 12.50
31-35 yrs. old 23 19.17
36-40 yrs. old 22 18.33
41-45 yrs. old 25 20.83
46 yrs. old and above 18 15.00
Total 120 100.00
Education of Parents Frequency Percent
College Graduate 65 54.17
Secondary Graduate 3 2.50
College Undergraduate 14 11.67
Elem Graduate 11 9.17
Post Graduate 8 6.67
Vocational Graduate 19 15.83
Total 120 100.00
Monthly Income Frequency Percent
10,000/ month and below 26 21.67
11,000-20,000/ month 22 18.33
21,000-30,000/ month 23 19.17
31,000-40,000/ month 19 15.83
41,000-50,000/ month 20 16.67
51,000/ month and above 10 8.33
 46

Total 120 100.00

Table 2 presents the profile of pupil’s parent as a respondent in terms of sex, age,

education of parent and parent’s monthly income.

On sex. As shown on the Table 2, there are 17 or 14.17% male respondents and

101 or 84.17% respondents. Generally, the majority are females. It is probably most of

the time girls are more responsible in taking good care of their children.

On Age. As shown on the Table 2, most the parents of the pupil’s ranged 41-45

years old with a frequency of 25 or 20.83%, followed by parents that are 31-35 years old

with a frequency of 23 or 19.17%, next is the parents that are 36-40 years old with a

frequency of22 or 18.33, and then those parents that are 46 years old and above, and then

those parents that are below 24 years old with a frequency of 17 or 14.17, and lastly are

those parents that 25-30nyears old with a frequency of 15 or 12.50.

On Education of Parent. As reflected on the Table 2, there are 65 or 54.17%

parents who attained college, followed by those parents who took a vocational courses

with a frequency of 19 or 15.83%, next are those parents that are college undergraduate

with a frequency of 14 or 11.67%, next are those parents who are elementary graduate

with a frequency of 11 or 917%, followed by parents that are post graduate with a

frequency of 8 or 6.67%, lastly are those parents who attained secondary with a

frequency of 3 or 2.50%.

Generally, the majority of the education attainment of the parent of pupils are

mostly college graduate. It could be assumed that these parents have a lot of knowledge

and understanding about the use of gadgets that’s why they may able to guide their

children with the proper use of gadgets.

 47

On Monthly Income. As we could see from Table 2, the highest frequency of 26

or 21.67% was recorded on 10,000 and below monthly income, next is 21,000 – 30,000

per month with a frequency of 23 or 19.17%, followed by 11,000 – 20,000 per month

with a frequency of 22 or 18.33%, then 41,000- 50,000 per month income with a

frequency of 20 0r 16.6, accompanied by 31,000 – 40,000 per month income with a

frequency of 15.83%, lastly 51,000 and above per month income with a frequency of 10

or 8.33.

The result implied that the common range of the monthly income of parents is

10,000 and below. It could be presumed that the parent’s respondents have enough

income to supply the needs of their children. Some of the pupils have sufficient income to

supply the need and wants of their children such as gadgets. Most of the parents have

enough background and knowledge about gadgets and usually female parents are the one

stay with their children because most of the time male parents are the one who work for

their family. That’s why as a result, this maybe affects their use of gadgets because there

is someone who can guide and limit them in using it.

Table 3

Use of Gadgets by the Elementary Pupils in terms of Frequency

Frequency of Use Frequency Percent

6hrs. above 16 13.33
5hrs. 19 15.83
4hrs. 15 12.50
3hrs. 20 16.67
2hrs. 25 20.83
1 hr. below 25 20.83
Total 120 100.00
 48

The table 3 shows on how often the children usually spend time on using gadgets

per day, 16 or 13.33% of the respondents are 6 hours,19 or 15.83% of the respondents

are 5 hours, 15 or 12.50 of the respondents are 4 hours, 20 or 16.67 of the respondents

are 3 hours. 25 or 20.83 are 2 hours, 20. 23 of the respondents are 1 hour and below.

This indicates that most of the children spend time in using gadgets in the time

span of 2 hours and 1 hour and below it shows that the children don’t usually spend time

using gadgets.

Table 4

Purpose of Use of Gadgets by the Elementary Pupils in terms of Socialization

Socialization Mean Standard Deviation Descriptive Equipment

To call or message 3.28 1.35 Sometimes

To be aware on their surroundings 3.20 1.27 Sometimes

Hang or chat with their friends 2.96 1.39 Sometimes

To enhance socializing skill 2.93 1.31 Sometimes

To make friends 2.78 1.24 Sometimes

Composite Mean 3.03 1.02 Sometimes

Scale:
Always 4.2-5.0
Frequently 3.4-4.19
Sometimes 2.6-3.39
Seldom 1.8-2.59
Never 1.0-1.79

The table 4 shows on what is the purpose of the children on using gadgets in

terms of socialization. All the descriptive equipment was rated as sometimes as revealed
 49

by the composite mean of 3.03 and standard deviation of 1.02. Among the questions to

call or message got highest composite mean of 3.28 and standard deviation of 1.35.

These imply that most of the children use gadgets for communication by call or

message. However, the lowest mean of 2.78 and standard deviation of 1.35 was to make

friends this indicates that the children doesn’t usually use gadgets in to making friends.

Table 5

Purpose of Use of Gadgets by the Elementary Pupils in terms of Education

Standard
Education Mean Descriptive Equipment
Deviation
To gain more knowledge 3.68 1.15 Frequently
Researching related to their studies 3.65 1.32 Frequently

Search for their assignments 3.63 1.12 Frequently

It helps them to study easier and facilitates

3.48 1.12 Frequently
learning.

It helps them to improve their grades 3.28 1.06 Sometimes

Composite Mean 3.54 1.01 Frequently

Table 5 presents the purpose of using gadgets from Grade I to Grade VI in terms

of education purpose based on the component mean 3.54 and standard deviation of 1.01.

As shown in the table to gain more knowledge and researching related to their

studies got the highest mean of 3.68 with the standard deviation of 1.15 and 3.65 with the

standard deviation of 1.32. it tends to imply that with the education purpose, gadget

probably give students to find studying easy because of the use of gadgets. It helps them

to learn more and easy accesses to know their studies.

 50

Conversely, the lowest mean 3.28 and with standard deviation of 1.06 were it

helps them to improve their grades shows that gadget didn’t help their children to

improve their grades.

The result of this table that indicate the purpose of using gadget from Grade I to

Grade VI in terms of education purpose is frequently which means that in using gadget,

education is one of the reasons why children using their phones or iPad. Gadget has a

purpose in a children education to give them more knowledge about in so many things.

Table 6

Purpose of Use of Gadgets by the Elementary Pupils in terms of Leisure

Leisure Mean Standard Deviation Descriptive Equipment

Listening to music 3.59 1.38 Sometimes
Watching movies 3.28 1.16 Sometimes

Playing games online 3.16 1.23 Sometimes

To take picture for ex. Selfie/Memories 3.07 1.41 Sometimes

Browsing in social media 2.75 1.28 Sometimes

Composite Mean 3.17 0.89 Sometimes

Table 6 shows the purpose of using gadget from Grade I to Grade VI in terms of

leisure use. All the descriptive equipment was rated as sometimes as revealed by the

component mean 3.59with the standard deviation of 1.38.

As seen in the table listening to music scored the highest composite mean of 3.59

with standard deviation of 1.38. this shows that as a leisure listening to music is the most

reason why the enjoy using gadget. As they say listening to music is the highest or

favorite leisure.
 51

The lowest mean of 2.75 and with the standard deviation of 1.28 were browsing

on social media showing that children don’t have that attention on browsing in social

media unlike in teenager that is more active in this situation, they are there to know the

happening that will give them the idea in their surroundings. Children are more in

chilling stage and they don’t mind on other things but otherwise focuses in their hobbies.

The result to indicate the purpose of using gadget from Grade I to Grade VI in

terms of leisure use shows that parents has doubt or hesitation that having a gadget as a

leisure. It is not really good for them so they rated it as sometimes.

Table 7

Level of Development of the Elementary Pupils in terms to Physical

Physical Mean Standard Deviation Descriptive Equipment

Does it make them lazy? 3.10 1.26 Moderate Impact
Do they have care in their hygiene? 3.21 1.28 Moderate Impact
Does it affect their vision? 2.77 1.28 Moderate Impact

Do they have trouble falling asleep? 2.33 1.36 Slight Impact

Do gadget affect their weight for ex. Being

2.31 1.29 Slight Impact
obese/malnourished?

Composite Mean 2.74 0.91 Moderate Impact

Scale:
Very High Impact 4.2-5.0
High Impact 3.4-4.19
Moderate Impact 2.6-3.39
Slight Impact 1.8-2.59
Low Impact 1.0-1.79

Table 7 shows the level of development in terms to physical. It represents the

effect of gadgets in physical development of the children it has the highest mean of 3.21
 52

which is they have care of their hygiene and standard deviation of 1.26 it shows that they

become lazy when using gadgets.

It is a health issue among the kids today it is more than half of those surveyed

naming it as a health issue. Most of the children exposed to gadgets for more than two

hours a day it could lead them a serious illness.

Table 8 present the effect of gadgets in children's moral, it is manifested with

composite mean of 2.62, among the questions "they use po and opo when they talk to

others has the highest mean of 3.83. Notwithstanding," do they get into fight? has the

lowest rating of mean with 1.81.

Table 8

Level of Development of the Elementary Pupils in terms to Moral

Moral Mean Standard Deviation Descriptive Equipment

They use “po”and “opo” when they talk
3.83 1.21 Frequently
to elders
They get easily irritated 2.54 1.09 Seldom

They become short tempered to other? 2.52 1.15 Seldom

Throw tantrums when you collect it 2.43 1.23 Seldom

Do they get into fights? 1.82 1.31 Seldom

Composite Mean 2.63 0.83 Sometimes

Scale:
Very High Impact 4.2-5.0
High Impact 3.4-4.19
Moderate Impact 2.6-3.39
Slight Impact 1.8-2.59
Low Impact 1.0-1.79

Even they play on their gadgets they didn't

neglect to be respectful; they can still control their selves and don't get easily be irritated.

The results imply that moral is not that affected by gadgets. Somehow, it is not because
 53

of gadgets maybe it is on how their parents’ guide their children and teach them a proper

manner.

Table 9 presents the effect of gadgets in social relation. It has composite means of

3.10, among the questions was that most of them enjoyed more on playing gadgets rather

than playing outside has the highest mean of 3.44 so it shows that they are more active in

playing their gadgets better than playing outside.

However, they prioritized their gadgets rather than spending time with their

family has the lowest rank of mean 2.48, it determine that they are still more focus on

their gadgets better than family bonding because it gets a lower rank which most of the

parents are agreeing that gadgets is a hindrance as well for a family to have a better

communication.

This table indicates that gadgets has a major effect on children's relationship to

family and its surroundings.

Table 9

Level of Development in terms to Social Relation

Social Relation Mean Standard Deviation Descriptive Equipment

They enjoy using gadgets than playing
3.44 0.93 Agree
outside

It improves their social relation 3.27 1.01 Neutral

They gain more friends 3.19 1.15 Neutral

It improves their way to communicate with

3.14 1.07 Neutral
others

They prioritize their gadgets rather than

2.48 1.13 Disagree
spending time with their family

Composite Mean 3.11 0.72 Neutral

 54

Scale:
Highly Agree 4.2-5.0
Agree 3.4-4.19
Neutral 2.6-3.39
Disagree 1.8-2.59
Highly Disagree 1.0-1.79
Table 10 presents the Significant Relationship between the profile and the

purpose of using gadgets.

As seen in the table 10, it shows that education has significant relationship to use

of gadgets in terms of leisure having a correlation of -.193 as supported by the p-value of

.034 significant at .05 level. The negative correlation suggests that parent having high

educational attainment limit their children in using gadgets in terms of leisure.

Table 10

Significant relationship between Profile of the Parents and Purpose of use of Gadget

Statistics Socialization Education Leisure

Correlation
.150 .097 .005
Coefficient
Sex Sig. (2-tailed) .101 .293 .955

Relationship Negligible Negligible Negligible

Correlation
-.080 -.098 -.054
Coefficient
Age
Sig. (2-tailed) .387 .287 .556

Relationship Negligible Negligible Negligible

Correlation
.052 -.047 -.193*
Coefficient
Education
Sig. (2-tailed) .570 .612 .034

Relationship Negligible Negligible Negligible

Correlation
-.029 .021 .083
Coefficient
Monthly income

Sig. (2-tailed) .751 .817 .370

 55

Relationship Negligible Negligible Negligible

Correlation Coefficient Relationship

±.81- ±1.0 High Correlation

±.601- ±.80 Moderately High Correlation

±.41- ±.60 Moderate Correlation

±.21- ±.40 Low Correlation

±.01- ±.20 Negligible Correlation

Richard Jenkins (2018) study, parents are allowing their children to play on their

gadgets for long rather than playing outside. Children are using gadgets for many hours it

tends to have lack on being imaginative.

However, the rest of the profile implies that there is no significant relationship

between the purpose of using gadgets. It indicates that most of the parents who are well

educated let their children to use gadgets as a recreational activity to ease some boredom

just like playing games.

The Table 11 presents the Relationship between Use of Gadgets and Level of

Development of the children. The frequency of use has significant relationship to use of

gadgets in terms of physical having a correlation of -.188 as supported by the p-value

of .040 significant at .05 level. The negative correlation implies that the lesser the pupils

use gadget, the better in their physical development.

However, frequency of use has also affect on social relation of the children having

a correlation of -.257 as supported by the p-value of .005 significant at .05 level. This

implies that the longer they use gadgets it decreases the time they spend in socializing to

other people.
 56

Socialization is significant to the level of development in terms of social relation

having a correlation of .355 as supported by the p-value of .000 at .05 level which means

that using gadgets for socialization has a big help to the children as it improves their

social relation. In additional, leisure is significant to the level of the development of the

children in terms of physical having correlation of .192 as supported by the p-value of .

115 at .05 level.

Table 11

Relationship between Use of Gadgets and Level of Development of the children

Statistics physical moral social relation

Correlation Coefficient -.188* -.121 -.257**

Frequency of Use
Sig. (2-tailed) .040 .188 .005
Relationship Negligible Negligible Low Correlation

Correlation Coefficient .106 .012 .365**

Socialization
Sig. (2-tailed) .250 .896 .000
Relationship Negligible Negligible Low Correlation

Correlation Coefficient -.110 -.122 .165

Education
Sig. (2-tailed) .230 .185 .073
Relationship Negligible Negligible Negligible

Correlation Coefficient .192* .145 .373**

Leisure
Sig. (2-tailed) .036 .115 .000
Relationship Negligible Negligible Low Correlation
This implies that the children who use gadgets for leisure has the higher

possibility to have a problem in their physical development.

 57

However, leisure is also significant to the level of the development of the children

in terms of social relation having correlation of .373 as supported by the p-value of .000

at .05 level. This implies that the children who are using gadgets helps them to increase

their social relation to other.

Further, the rest like education is not significant to the level of development of the

children.

Nicole Beurkens (2017) Too much time spent on digital media consumption,

including internet use, takes away from time spent socializing with friend. While on the

other hand, children using gadgets has no significant relation in the level of the

development of the students in terms of physical, moral, and social relation.

Sundus M* (2018). Kids use gadgets for various purposes like playing games,

watching videos, listening songs, chatting with their friends, browsing different websites.

They spend most of their time in these activities and don’t pay attention to their posture,

screen brightness, and screen distance from their eyes which ultimately affect their vision

and health.

Richard Jenkins (2018). Young children spend twice as long looking

at screens as they do playing outside. By the time they reach the age of seven, children

will have been looking at screens for the equivalent of 456 days – an average of four

hours every day. But just 182 days, or an average of just over an hour and a half a day,

will have been playing outdoors. Children spent many hours every week on this sort of

physical, imaginative, social play. Real play' like this is not only enjoyable: it is vitally

important in young lives.

 58

Yasser Alghamdi (2016). Introducing technology to children at young age can

have adverse effects in their personal lives, their relationships with others, and their

health in the future. It can also lead children to social isolation and give rise to other

serious physical and mental diseases such as, obesity, computer vision syndrome, and

depression.

Ferdinan Benito Siahaan et al (2019). The frequency or intensity of the children

in using gadgets will affects their mental and emotional development. From a study

conducted by the University of Western Australia, through a survey of 2,600 school

students about the length of looking at the gadget screen, it was found that 45% of 8-

year-old children and 80% of 16-year-old students spent more than two hours of playing

gadget in a day.

Mosqueda Jr. M. (2017). Children exposed to gadgets for more than two hours a

day have higher risk of becoming overweight, which could lead to other serious illnesses

such as diabetes and heart diseases.

 59

Notes in Chapter IV
Alghamdi, Y. The impact of using gadgets on children. [Research Paper].
Retrieved from: (2016). https://www.longdom.org/abstract/the-impact-of-using-gadgets-
on-children-31330.html

Sundus, M. (2018). The impact of using gadgets on children [Research Paper].

Retrieved from: https://www.longdom.org/open-access/the-impact-of-using-gadgets-on-
children-2167-1044-1000296.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR1IKD_DVaFjHfjBsQo2CLaCru2m2HaMP5I OYIf40O Z plDrJ0-OU-
LCVXCs

Jenkins, R. (2018). Children spend twice as long as looking at screens than

playing outside. [Research Paper]. Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-
style/children-screens-play-outside-computer-phone-time-healthy-games-a8603411.html?
fbclid=IwAR 3zTE
5SDYpY4mCO16ui35bO5_PwjniBTDVm6OCfRmKiJXatizzKfcoXycw

Beurkens, N. (2017). Screen time can be dangerous for kids’ mental & physical
health. Retrieved from: https://www.drbeurkens.com/dangers-overexposure-electronics-
kids-mental-physical-health/

Wahyuni, A.S. el at. (2019). The relationship between the duration of playing
gadget and mental emotional state of elementary school students. [Research Paper].
Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6352463/?
fbclid=IwAR037pT2j2Wij5SGUmnKUCnP6Bfx6ap0wh7fqhvF69q3o5NDNSJxJRslTQ
Q

Mosqueda Jr.M. (2017). Excessive use of gadgets bad for children’s health-
NNC. Retrieved from:https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/07/25/excessive-use-of-gadgets-bad-
for-children-health-nnc/
 60

CHAPTER V

This chapter presents the finding of the study based on the data gathered together

with the conclusions and the recommendations drawn from the findings and conclusions.

Statement of the Problem Specifically it seeks to answer the following question.

1. What is the Profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Education of Parent; and

1.4 Economic Status?

2. How do the Use of Gadgets be described in terms of;

2.1 Frequency of use

2.2 Purpose;

2.2.1 Socialization

2.2.2 Education; and

2.2.3 Leisure?

3. What is the Level of Development of the children in terms of:

3.1 Physical

3.2 Moral; and

 61

3.3 Social Relation?

4. Is there a significant relationship between Profile and Use of Gadgets?

5. Is there a significant relationship between Use of Gadget and Level of

Development of the children?

The study would also like to determine whether the hypothesis was accepted or

rejected.

1. Ho – There is no significant relationship between Profile and Use of Gadgets.

2. Ho - There is no significant relationship between Use of Gadget and Level of

Development of the children.

Summary of the Findings

1. The findings show that female parents are more responsible in taking good care of

their children with a frequency of 84.17%.

2. Most the parents pupil respondents age ranged between 41-45 years old with a

frequency of 20.83%.

3. 54.17% of parents pupil respondents attained college.

4. According to the gathered data, the highest frequency was recorded on

10,000/month and below monthly income of parents.

5. Parents pupil respondents both voted for 1hr below and 2hrs for the time their

children use gadgets.

6. The purpose of using gadgets from Grade 1 to Grade 6 in terms of Socialization

Engagement gathered the composite mean of 3.03.

 62

7. Based on the highest mean with 3.28 the respondents use gadgets for calling and

messaging, followed by to be aware on their surroundings in terms of

socialization.

8. The lowest mean with 2.78 claimed that they use gadgets for making friends.

9. The purpose of using gadgets from Grade 1 to Grade 6 in terms of Education

Purpose gathered the composite mean of 3.54.

10. The findings show that the highest mean with 3.68 the respondent use gadgets to

gain more knowledge, followed by researching related to their studies.

11. 3.28 the lowest mean said that it helps them to improve their grades.

12. The purpose of using gadgets from Grade 1 to Grade 6 in terms of Leisure Use

with a composite mean of 3.17.

13. According to the gathered data the highest mean with 3.59 the respondents

usually use gadgets for listening music in terms of leisure, followed by watching

movies.

14. Browsing in social media got the lowest mean with a mean of 2.75.

15. Level of Development in terms of Physical got 2.74 composite mean.

16. Most of the respondents answered that their children still care for their hygiene it

has the highest mean of 3.21 followed by gadgets make their children lazy with

the mean of 3.10.

17. Gadgets affects their children’s weight has the lowest mean of 2.31.

18. Level of Development in terms to Moral with a composite of 2.63.

19. Based on the gathered data children are still using “po and opo” has the highest

mean of 3.83 and they get easily irritated has the second highest mean of 2.54.

20. Do they got into fights has the lowest mean of 1.82.
 63

21. Level of Development in terms to Social Relation got 3.11 mean.

22. Majority of the respondents answered children are more enjoyed playing on their

gadgets rather than outside it has mean of 3.44 and followed by the questioned it

improves their social relation with the mean of 3.27,

23. They prioritize their gadgets has the lowest mean of 2.48.

Conclusion

Based on the gathered, interpreted, and analyzed data the researchers

were able to conclude the following:

1. There is significant relationship between the education of the parent and the

purpose the gadget in terms of leisure. However, the rest of the profile of the

parent of the pupils has no significant relationship between the Use of Gadgets

of the Children. Generally, the null hypothesis is accepted.

2. There is no significant relationship between the Use of Gadgets of the Pupil

to the Level of the Development of a children, therefore the null of hypothesis

is accepted.

Recommendation

Considering that the researchers has the plan of the possible accurate

numbers of the respondents, the researchers recommended to the future

researchers that they should have a lot of survey paper’s to contribute in order for

them to get their target numbers of the respondents. Due to lack of resources, this

research was only able to cover Tomas Del Rosario College. Therefore, the

researchers recommended to administer this study in a bigger range to avoid

 64

increasing of the margin errors. This research was only able to reach the total

amount of elementary students in TRC.

Given that this study only focuses on the elementary students in tomas del

Rosario college, the researchers recommend further analyzing the questions and

categorizing it according to the research questions to produce accurate results.

 65

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