Fadrigon, Qleous Blumei

BSED- General Science 2

ACTIVITY NO. 2
BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATION (Review)

General Concept

Chemical equations are symbolic representations of chemical and physical changes. Formulas for
the substances undergoing the change (reactants) and substances generated by the change (products) are
separated by an arrow and preceded by integer coefficients indicating their relative numbers. Balanced
equations are those whose coefficients result in equal numbers of atoms for each element in the reactants
and products. Chemical reactions in aqueous solution that involve ionic reactants or products may be
represented more realistically by complete ionic equations and, more succinctly, by net ionic equations.

Learning Assessment

1. What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be
balanced?

An equation is balanced when the same number of each element is represented on the reactant
and product sides. Equations must be balanced to accurately reflect the law of conservation of
matter.

2. Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations.

What is the difference between these types of equations?

The molecular equations show the equation in which all the species of the reactants and
the products are in molecules and the net charge is zero.
The complete ionic equations show the equation in which all the species of the reactants
and the products are in dissociated form and are represented as ions.
The net ionic equations show the equation in which all the species of the reactants and the
products are in dissociated form and do not show the spectator ions which are same in the
reactants and the products.

(b) In what circumstance would the complete and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical?

If there is no spectator ions in the reaction, then the complete and the net ionic equations
would be identical.

3. Balance the following equations:

(a) PCl5(s)+H2O(l)⟶POCl3(l)+HCl(aq)PCl5(s)+H2O(l)⟶POCl3(l)+HCl(aq)

(b) Cu(s)+HNO3(aq)⟶Cu(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)+NO(g)Cu(s)+HNO3(aq)⟶Cu(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)
+NO(g)

(c) H2(g)+I2(s)⟶HI(s)H2(g)+I2(s)⟶HI(s)

(d) Fe(s)+O2(g)⟶Fe2O3(s)Fe(s)+O2(g)⟶Fe2O3(s)

(e) Na(s)+H2O(l)⟶NaOH(aq)+H2(g)Na(s)+H2O(l)⟶NaOH(aq)+H2(g)

(f) (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)⟶Cr2O3(s)+N2(g)+H2O(g)(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)⟶Cr2O3(s)+N2(g)+H2O(g)

(g) P4(s)+Cl2(g)⟶PCl3(l)P4(s)+Cl2(g)⟶PCl3(l)

(h) PtCl4(s)⟶Pt(s)+Cl2(g)PtCl4(s)⟶Pt(s)+Cl2(g)
 Ans:

(a). PCl5(s)+H2O(l)→POCl3(l)+2HCl(aq);

3Cu(s)+8HNO3(aq)→3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+4H2O(l)+2NO(g);

H2(g)+I2(s)→2HI(s) ;

4Fe(s)+3O2(g)→2Fe2O3(s);

2Na(s)+2H2O(l)→2NaOH(aq)+H2(g);

(NH4)2Cr52O7(s)→Cr2O3(s)+N2(g)+4H2O(g);

P4(s)+6Cl2(g)→4PCl3(l) ;

PtCl4(s)→Pt(s)+2Cl2(g)

4. Balance the following equations:

 (a) Ag(s)+H2S(g)+O2(g)⟶Ag2S(s)+H2O(l)Ag(s)+H2S(g)+O2(g)
⟶Ag2S(s)+H2O(l)

(b) P4(s)+O2(g)⟶P4O10(s)P4(s)+O2(g)⟶P4O10(s)

(c) Pb(s)+H2O(l)+O2(g)⟶Pb(OH)2(s)Pb(s)+H2O(l)+O2(g)⟶Pb(OH)2(s)

(d) Fe(s)+H2O(l)⟶Fe3O4(s)+H2(g)Fe(s)+H2O(l)⟶Fe3O4(s)+H2(g)

(e) Sc2O3(s)+SO3(l)⟶Sc2(SO4)3(s)Sc2O3(s)+SO3(l)⟶Sc2(SO4)3(s)

(f) Ca3(PO4)2(aq)+H3PO4(aq)⟶Ca(H2PO4)2(aq)Ca3(PO4)2(aq)+H3PO4(aq)

⟶Ca(H2PO4)2(aq)

(g) Al(s)+H2SO4(aq)⟶Al2(SO4)3(s)+H2(g)Al(s)+H2SO4(aq)⟶Al2(SO4)3(s)+H2(g)

(h) TiCl4(s)+H2O(g)⟶TiO2(s)+HCl(g)TiCl4(s)+H2O(g)⟶TiO2(s)+HCl(g)

5. Write a balanced molecular equation describing each of the following chemical reactions.
(a) Solid calcium carbonate is heated and decomposes to solid calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide gas.
CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g) ;
(b) Gaseous butane, C4H10, reacts with diatomic oxygen gas to yield gaseous carbon dioxide
and water vapor.
2C4H10(g)+13O2(g)→8CO2(g)+10H2O(g) ;
(c) Aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce solid
magnesium hydroxide and aqueous sodium chloride.
MgCl2(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)+2NaCl(aq) ;
(d) Water vapor reacts with sodium metal to produce solid sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
gas.
 2H2O(g)+2Na(s)→2NaOH(s)+H2(g)

6. Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions.

(a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and
diatomic oxygen gas.

(b) Solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al 2I6.

(c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and
aqueous sodium sulfate are produced.

(d) Aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide react to produce aqueous
potassium dihydrogen phosphate and liquid water.

7. Colorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the
reaction of the metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with oxygen.

(a) Write the formulas of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate.

Ba(NO3)2, KClO3;

(b) The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium
chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.

2KClO3(s)→2KCl(s)+3O2(g)

(c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic
nitrogen gas, and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.

2Ba(NO3)2(s)→2BaO(s)+2N2(g)+5O2(g)

(d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron
with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. (Assume the iron oxide
contains Fe3+ ions.)

2Mg(s)+O2(g)→2MgO(s) ; 4Al(s)+3O2(g)→2Al2O3(g) ; 4Fe(s)+3O2(g)→2Fe2O3(s)

8. Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula for a covalent compound that will balance the
equation:

9. Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) is used to etch glass and to analyze minerals for
their silicon content. Hydrogen fluoride will also react with sand (silicon dioxide).
 (a) Write an equation for the reaction of solid silicon dioxide with hydrofluoric acid to yield gaseous
silicon tetrafluoride and liquid water.

4HF(aq)+SiO2(s)→SiF4(g)+2H2O(l) ;

(b) The mineral fluorite (calcium fluoride) occurs extensively in Illinois. Solid calcium fluoride can
also be prepared by the reaction of aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium fluoride,
yielding aqueous sodium chloride as the other product. Write complete and net ionic equations for
this reaction.

complete ionic equation: 2Na+(aq)+2F−(aq)+Ca2+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)→CaF2(s)+2Na+(aq)+2Cl−(aq),

net ionic equation: 2F−(aq)+Ca2+(aq)→CaF2(s)

10. A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a
balanced chemical equation for each step of the process.

(a) The first step is the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate from seashells to form solid
calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.

(b) The second step is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide as the only product from the
reaction of the solid calcium oxide with liquid water.

(c) Solid calcium hydroxide is then added to the seawater, reacting with dissolved magnesium
chloride to yield solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous calcium chloride.

(d) The solid magnesium hydroxide is added to a hydrochloric acid solution, producing dissolved
magnesium chloride and liquid water.

(e) Finally, the magnesium chloride is melted and electrolyzed to yield liquid magnesium metal and
diatomic chlorine gas.

11. From the balanced molecular equations, write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for the
following:
(a) K2C2O4(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)⟶2KOH(aq)+BaC2O2(s)K2C2O4(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)
⟶2KOH(aq)+BaC2O2(s)

(b) Pb(NO3)2(aq)+H2SO4(aq)⟶PbSO4(s)+2HNO3(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq)+H2SO4(aq)
⟶PbSO4(s)+2HNO3(aq)

(c) CaCO3(s)+H2SO4(aq)⟶CaSO4(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)CaCO3(s)+H2SO4(aq)
⟶CaSO4(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)