1

 
 

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

FIRST QUARTER 1: WEEK 2
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________

Section: ____________________________________________ Date: __________

Background Information:

Communication is a process of exchanging and conveying messages or knowledge

within and through networks, environments, media, and cultures from one person to the next.
There is a wide range of ways and circumstances in which contact will manifest itself; it can be a
face-to-face encounter, a telephone call, a group discussion, a meeting or an interview, a letter
correspondence, a recitation class, and many others. Communication is a two-way information
transmission process. It involves certain elements, among others, such as the sender, the
message, and the receiver (Helmut 2012).

Models of Communication

Communication is a complex process, for it is difficult to determine how interaction starts

and ends. Communication models simplify this complex process by offering a visual overview of
the different aspects of communication experience (Helmut 2012).

1. Aristotle's Model of Communication

Aristotle's communication model is a speaker-centered model that includes five primary

elements: speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect.
• The speaker plays the most crucial and active role in the process. He or she organizes
the speech beforehand and delivers it to the target audience according to the situation
(occasion).
• The speech pertains to the message of the speaker. The purpose of the speech is to
persuade the listener.
• Occasion refers to the situation or setting. It is the setting that dictates the message of
the speaker.
• The audience refers to the recipient of the message. The role of the audience is
passive, influenced by the speech; hence, this makes the communication process
unidirectional, from the speaker to the audience.
• The effect refers to the result of communication, whether the audience was persuaded or
not by the speaker.
 2  
 

The five elements of this communication model are not as active as the other models
since this is more of a linear-type model of communication. However, among these five
elements, the speaker and the speech are emphasized in this model.

Example:

Explanation of the Example:

In listening to broadcast media like radio, the flow of communication is only one-way.
It means that the audience or recipient cannot provide feedback to the speaker or the sender
of the message during the broadcast itself.
2. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication (1949)

The Shannon-Weaver model of communication is known as the mother of all

communication models. This model depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five (5) elements:
• information source (producer of the message);
• transmitter (encoder of the message into signals);
• channel (signals adapted for transmission);
• receiver (decoder of the message from the signal); and
• destination (receiver of the message).

Nonetheless, this model was criticized for excluding one crucial element in the
communication process: feedback. Hence, the absence of feedback leaves the speaker
clueless whether the recipient understands the message or not.
 3  
 

Example:

Explanation of the Example:

This instance illustrates the Shannon-Weaver model of communication because the

students (receivers) were not able to respond or give feedback to their teacher (source)
during the recitation due to the noise.

3. Transaction Model of Communication

In contrast to the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the Transaction

Model is a two-way communication process with feedback being included as one element.
Within the operation, the sender and the receiver have the same roles: come up with an idea,
send a message, and react to it. This model also involves noise, which is an ever-present
aspect of this communication model that affects message reception.

Figure 3. Transaction Model of Communication

Example:
 4  
 

Explanation of the Example:

The example illustrates the Transaction Model of Communication because both

teachers serve as senders of and receivers to each other's messages as one of them
sends a message, the other replies based on the message provided and vice versa. This
cycle of communication is made possible through the use of their mobile phones. However,
noise, which can be found at any point in their conversation, may interrupt better reception
of each other's messages.

4. Helical Model of Communication

Frank E.X. Dance or Frank Dance proposed this helical model of communication, which
shows that communication is a flexible communication process. The use of helix illustrates that
"communication while moving forward is at the same time coming back upon itself and being
affected by its past behavior" (Dance 1967 in Lucero ND). This model of communication
encourages an upward and forward movement, unlike other models of communication. It
indicates that information is growing as the contact continues. Furthermore, the helical model
suggests that contact starts at birth and progresses as one grows up and that one's responses
are based on past experiences.

Figure 4. Helical Model of Communication

Example:

"When a child is born, the only means of communication is crying. He / She cries for
everything like hunger, pain, or cold. As the child grows, the means of communication become
broader and broader. He/She learns to make noises, then he/she learns a language to obtain
attention and to fulfill his/her needs (Navarro, 2014). This example illustrates the development of
an individual throughout life as his or her knowledge base deepens and expands through
communication.

Learning Competency with code:

Differentiates the various models of communication (First Semester/Quarter 1/ Week 1/

EN11/12OC-Ia-3)

Exercise 1:

Instructions: For numbers 1-10, read, and identify the concept described in each sentence.
For numbers 11-15, identify the model of communication illustrated by the
scenarios. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
 5  
 

__________2. This model of communication shows that communication is a two-way

process that includes feedback as an additional element.
__________3. This is regarded as the mother of all styles of communication.
__________4. It is an element of communication that refers to the role of the audience
in Aristotle's model of communication.
__________5. It is an element of communication that negatively affects the proper
reception of the message.
__________6. This element of communication is also known as the producer of the
message in the Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication.
__________7. It is the most important element in Aristotle’s model of communication.
__________8. This element is needed in communication in order for the
speaker/sender to know whether the receiver understands the
message or not.
__________9. This model of communication suggests that noise, a barrier to effective
communication, is a given factor that interferes at any point in the
conversation.
__________10. This linear model of communication shows the absence of noise in the
process.
__________11. President Duterte delivered his fifth State of the Nation Address
(SONA) last July 27.
__________12. In a recorded video posted on Youtube, a Department of Health
representative encouraged Filipinos to wear a face mask and face
shield when going out.
__________13. An email exchange between a teacher and a student
__________14. A Grade 11 section used Facebook Messenger to communicate
information and other announcements.
__________15. Ordering food or other basic necessities online.

Exercise 2

Instructions: Compare and contrast the Interactive Model of Communication (Figure 5) and the
Transaction Model of Communication (Figure 3). Identify their similarities and
differences in terms of how communication happens and what elements are
involved in each model. Write your answer on the lines provided below Figure 5.
 6  
 

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Exercise 2:

Crit

5 4 3 2

Strong main
Weakly stated
idea Adequate main idea Unclear main idea
main idea
Main Topic restated in the restated in the not restated in the
in the entire
entire entire composition entire composition
composition
composition

Three or more One

Two supporting
Supporting supporting supporting No supporting
sentences
Sentences sentences per sentence sentence
per paragraph
paragraph per paragraph

Many errors
Several errors that
Free from any that Many errors that make
Grammar do not interfere with
error interfere with it incomprehensible
meaning
meaning
 7  
 

Exercise 3

Instructions: As a student, identify a real-life situation where you can apply one of the models
of communication. Indicate your chosen model of communication and explain
how the real-life situation reflects your chosen model of communication. You
need to have two (2) paragraphs for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Exercise 3

 

5 4 3 2

Presents ideas in
Ideas Presents ideas in Ideas are too Ideas are vague
a consistent
an original manner general or unclear
manner
Has some
Shows strong and
Shows organized organization; No organization;
Organization organized
beginning /middle attempt at the lack beginning
beginning /middle
/ending beginning /middle /middle/ ending
/ending
/ending
Writing shows Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
strong clear adequate little
Understanding understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
the models of the models of the models of the models of
communication communication communication communication
Sentence structure
Sentence structure
Sentence enhances Sentence structure No sense of
is evident;
Structure meaning; flows is limited; sentences sentence
sentences mostly
throughout the need to flow structure or flow
flow
piece
Mechanics Free from any
Few errors Several errors Numerous errors
error
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367

Reflection

Instructions: Answer the following statements below. Write your answer on the lines provided
after every number.

1. What were your thoughts or ideas about the models of communication prior to the
 8  
 

2. How did the lesson confirm or disprove your thoughts or ideas about these models of
communication?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How will the lesson about these models of communication affect the way you will
communicate with others? Cite concrete instances.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Reflection:

Areas of
4 3 2 1
Assessment
Organization All ideas were Some ideas are Few ideas are Ideas are
of Ideas consistently clear consistently clear consistently clear unclear
All sentences are Some sentences are Few sentences are
Sentences are
Sentence arranged logically to arranged logically to arranged logically to
not logically
Structure form a coherent form a coherent form a coherent
arranged
paragraph paragraph paragraph e
Numerous
Mechanics No error Several errors Few errors
errors

Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367

References for Learners:

Sipacio, Philippe John F. and Balgos, Anne Richie G. 2016. Oral Communication in Context for Senior
High School. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Bajracharya, Shraddha. 2018. "Aristotle's Model of Communication." Businesstopia. Accessed July 16,
2020. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/aristotles-model-communication.
Cox, Janelle. "Sample Essay Rubric for Elementary Teachers." ThoughtCo. Accessed August 7, 2020.
https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
Chapter 1.a – "Communication 3 with Adeva at University of the Philippines Manila."
STUDYBLUE.https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/chapter-1-a/deck/5313305#:~:text=The
Eugene White Model or, Dance Mode. Accessed July 16, 2020.
2014. "Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication." Communication Theory. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication
Kanobana. 2020. "Education and COVID-19: UN Helps Children Continue Their Learning" Rwanda
(Africa), 1 May 2020.
Quipper. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/5468b54d2294ee07f4000114/curriculum#curriculum.
Study.com. Accessed July 17, 2020. https://study.com/academy/popular/paragraph-writing-rubrics.html.
TweetingRawr. 2016. "Shannon & Weaver's Theory of Communication."
https://themediastudentsblog.wordpress.com/2016/01/30/shannonweavers-theory-of-
communication/.
 SST - III
MICHAEL H. SALINAS
Prepared:
Exercise 1
1. Aristotle's model of communication
2. Transaction model of communication
3. Shannon-Weaver model
4. Audience
5. Noise
6. Source
7. Speaker
8. Feedback
9. Transaction model of communication
10. Aristotle's model of communication
11. Shannon-Weaver model
12. Aristotle's model of communication
13. Transaction model of communication
14. Transaction model of communication
15. Transaction model of communication
Exercise 2
1. Answers may vary
Exercise 3
1. Answers may vary  
Answer Key
 
9