Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e

PERCENTAGE -  04
 The Fraction with its denomina- Examples -  Solution -  

APTITUDE & MENTAL ABILITY

tor 100 is called a Percent.   of  7225  ?  12%  1000
 The word ‘Percent’ is derived  12
7225  ?  1000 
from the Latin word 100
‘Percentum’, which means per 1) 28.8 2) 4.8
?  120  7225
hundred’ or ‘hundredth’ or ‘Out 3) 2.88 4) 1.2 = 120 - 85 = 35
of 100’.    35%  160  60%  80  ?% 312
 Percentage also means ‘per- Solution -   2
cent’.  66  
240 12 3
 Symbol used for percent is % 12%  240  = 28.80 = 28.8        
100 
 Any ratio x : y, where y = 100 is 
called ‘Percent’. Solution -  
 7225  ?  12% of 1000 35%  160  60%  80  ? %  312
     
  7225  ?  12%  1000 35 60 ?
 160   80    312
      100 100 100
 1) 25 2) 35 (56  48)  100
 x : y y  ?
3) 45 4) 55 312
      100 1
  ?  33
3 3
SI.No. Percentage Fraction SI.No. Percentage Fraction SI.No. Percentage Fraction

1 2 2
1. 100% 1 10. 1% 19. 66 %
3 3
100

1 1 1 7
2. 50% 11. 10% 20. 87 %
2 10 2 8

1 9 1 17
3. 25% 4 12. 90% 21. 106 %
10 4 16

1 13 1 9
4. 20% 5 13. 130% 22. 112 %
10 2 8

3 1 1 4
5. 30% 1 133 %
10 14. 6 %
4 16 23. 3 3

2 1 1 11
6. 40% 1 137 %
5 15. 12 %
2 8 24. 2 8

4 1 1 1 13
7. 80% 5 16. 33 % 25. 162 %
3 3 2 8

6 3 2 5
8. 120% 1 166 %
5 17. 37 %
2 8 26. 3 3

7 5 15
9. 70% 1 1
10 18. 62 %
2 8 27. 187 % 8
2

 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 35
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e
Rule I: 
Solution -  
First time x % is increased and  Q  P  
second time x % is decreased,  
x2 Solution -  
  100  %
then loss %  (30) 2 50
100  %  %  9%
100  (10050) 
 I 
Rule II: 1
 33 %
 x  
i) If P’s salary is r % more than Q’s, 3
 x   then Q’s salary less than Example - 
  
 r × 100  % P’s salary is 50% below Q’s.
x2 P =
 % 
100
 (100+r)  How much percent Q’s salary
Example - 
ii) If P’s salary is r% less than Q’s above P’s?
then Q’ s salary more than
P- Q-
Mohan’s wages were reduced by
P    100  %
r    Q- 
50% Again the reduced wages
 (100  r )  P-    
were increased by 50 %. then
mohan has a loss of :  II    
    i) P  Q   2
r   Q   16 3 %
  
  P    
      None/ 

  
P = × 100  %
  r
Solution -  
 (100+r) 
5) None/   Q’s salary above P’s
 ii) P- Q- Q  P  
r%   Q-  
Solution -  
 P-   
(50) 2
 %  %  25%     50 
100    (10050)  100  %
Example - 
  
P   r  100  % 
The price of a book is decreased  (100  r ) 
by 30%, After somedays de- Rule III:
creased price is increased 30%. Example - 
In price - increasement of x %,
At last decrease or increase per- P’s salary is 50% more than Q’s reduce percent to have no ex-
cent is: then how much percent is Q’s
1) 0.0009% increase salary less than P’s?
penditure 
 x  100 %
2) 0.09% decrease P  Q   100x 
3) 90% decrease    Q
4) 9% increase  P   III 
5) None       x 
      
   2   
 16 3 %  
   
   1 1
  100 %
    33 3 %  40 2 % x
    None 100x 
 


 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 36
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e
Example - 
2
1) 45% 2) 66 % Rule VI:
If the Price of milk is increased 3
by 1%, how much percent must 2 1 If decreasements are in x% and
a man reduce his consumption 3) 16 3 % 4) 33 3 % y% for a fixed price - goods then,
of milk to have no extra expen-
None/ xy
diture ? Reduction percent  ( x  y )  100
    
    VI 
Solution -  
    x 
  Increasement percent    y 
100 101
     
1) % 2) 100 %
   100 40  100  %
101 40 xy
  ( x  y )  100
1
3) % 4) 1%
101 200 2 Example -  
 %  66 %
3 3
5) None
Rule V: The price of a commodity is re-
 duced two times as 40% and 10%
First time x % is increased and respectively. Then what is per-
Solution -  second time y% is increased, centage decreasement in the
then increasement in percent price?
Reduction percent/
  xy     
 x y
100 
  1  100  %  V     
 1001    
 x %
  y%   
100
 %     
101
Rule IV: xy  None/ 
 x y
In price - decreasement of x % 100 
increasement percent in con- Example -  Solution -  
sumption to maintain some ex- Percentage decreasement
The price of T.V. is increased 30%
 x    
 x 100 % before budget and in budget
penditure= 1 (100  x) 40  10
  20% is also increased. Then to-  40  10 
tal increasement in price will be 100
 IV 
 T.V      
   x  
    Exercises - 
  
 
   1. Write the following as a per-
  
 x  cent:
1) 50 2) 56
   1 (100  x) x 100 %   
  3) 55 4) 59
 
5) None/ 
Example -  i) 20:100 ______

The price of sugar is reduced by 93
Solution -   ii) ______
40%. find by how percent must 100
Increase percent
its consumption be increased so    11
that the expenditure may be the iii) ______
30  20 100
same as before?  (30  20) 
100
    1
 iv) _______
   100
   
100
  v) ________
100
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 37
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e
2. Write the following percent as a
       /Remember
    
ratio: Increase in amount
   Percentage of increase = X100
   Original amount
   
 
   
i) 43%_______ii) 75%_______   100
 
8. Ram bought 36 mangoes. 5 man-
iii)5%_______iv) 17 1 2 % _____ 
goes were rotten. What percent-    100

1 age of the mangoes were rot-
v) 33 % _______ ten?
3 Exercises -   1
    
3. Write the following percent as a    1. (i) 20% of the total number of
fraction:    litres of oil is 40 litres. Find the
     total Quantity oil in litres.
     
9.Ravi got 66 marks out of 75in
1 Mathematics and 72 out of 80 in     
i) 25%_______ ii) 12 % _______   
2 science. In which subject did he
iii) 33%_______iv) 70%________ score more?   
v) 82%_______     
4. The percent of 20 minutes to 1   (ii)25% of a journey covers 5,000km.
hour is     How long is the whole journey?
       
   
     

10.Shyam’s Monthly income is  
1 2
a) 33 b) 33 c) 33 Rs.12,000. He saves Rs.1,200 Find (iii)3.5% of an amount is Rs.54.25.
3 3
the percent of his savings and his Find the Amount.
d) None of these
expenditure.    
5. The percent of 50 paise to Re.1      
is     
       
   (iv)60% of the total time is 30min-
1
a) 500 b) utes. Find the total time.
2 11.Find the value of 20% of 1000kg      
c) 50 d) 20         
6. Convert the given fractions to 12.Find the value of 0.75% of 40kg.  
percents      (v)4% sales tax on the sale of an ar-
  
13.In a class of 70, 60% are boys find ticle is Rs.2. What is the amount
 
the number of boys and girls of sale?
20 9    
i) _____ ii) _______     
20 50        
  
1 2
iii) 5 _____ iv) _______  
4 3
14.In 2010, the population of a 2. Meenu spends Rs.2000 from her
5
v) _____ town is 1,50,000. If it is increased salary for recretation which is 5%
11
by 10% in the text year, find the of her salary. What is her salary?
7. In a class of 35 Students, 7 Stu- population in 2011.    
dents were absent on a Particu-    
   
lar day. What percentage of the   
   
students were absent?  
   
  

 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 38
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY
3. 25% of the total mangoes which
are rotten is 1,250. Find the to-
tal number of mangoes in the
basket. Also, find the number of
good mangoes.

   
   
  8. An alloy consists of 30% copper
   
  
4. A school cricket team played 20
matches against another school.
The first school won 25% of
them. How many matches did
the first school win?
   
    9. Pandian and Thamarai contested
  
   
   
   
  
5. Rahim deposited Rs.10,000 in a
company which pays 18% p.a.
simple interest. Find the inter-
est he gets if the period is 5
years.
   
   
   
   
 
6. The marked price of a toy is i)   
Rs.1,200. The shop-keeper gave
a discount of 15%. What is the ii)   
selling price of the toy?
   
10.A man spends 40% of his income
   
  
  

7. In an interview for a computer
firm 1,500 applicants were inter-
view. If 12% of them were se-
lected, how many applicants
were selected? Also find the
number of applicants who were
not selected.
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917
SINCE 2006
TNPSC A p t i t u d e
   11.Jyothika secured 35 marks out of
    50 in English and 27 marks out of
   
30 in Mathematics. In which sub-

ject did she get better marks and
   
    by how much?
      
   
  

and 40% zinc, and the remaining

is nickel. Find the amount of
nickel in 20 kilograms of the al- 12.A worker receives Rs.11,250 as
loy bonus, which is 15% of his an-
    nual salary. What is his monthly
 salary?
        
  

 
    

for the election to the pan-  The price of a suit is increased
chayat committee from their vil-
from Rs.2,100 to Rs.2,520. Find
lage. Pandian secured 11,484
votes which was 44% of the to- the percentage of increase.
tal votes. Thamarai secured 36%    
of the votes. Calculate (i) the    
number of votes cast in the vil-    
lage and (ii) the number of vot-  
ers who did not vote for both the
contestants. Exercise / 2
 
 1. 88% of 370 + 24% of 210 - ? = 118
   
    a)256 b) 258 c) 268 d) 358
  
2. 270 candidates appeared for an
  
examination, of which 252
 
passed. The pass percentage is :
      
    
      
1
for his food, 15% for his clothes a) 80% b) 83 %
2
and 20% for house rent and saves
the rest. How much percent 1 1
c) 90 % d) 93 %
does he save? If his income 3 3
Rs.34,400, find the amount of his 3. Howmany litres of pure acid are
savings. there in 8 litres of a 20% solu-
    tion?
       
      
   
   a)1.4 b) 1.5 c) 1.6 d) 2.4
   

39
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e
4. Rajeev buys goods worth a)35% b) 65% 14.If 75% of a number is added to
Rs.6650. He gets a rebate of 6% 75, then the result is the num-
on it. After getting the rebate, c) 280% d) 285%
ber itself. The number is :
he pays sales tax @ 10%. Find the 9. Two-fifth of one-third of three-     
amount he will have to pay for seventh of a number is 15. What    
the goods. (in Rs) is 40 percent of that number?     
   
     a)50 b) 60

     c) 300 d) 400
   
     15.A number, when 35 is subtracted
   a)72 b) 84 from it, reduces to its 80 per-
    c) 105 d) 140 cent. What is four-fifth of that
 number?
10.The difference between a num-
a)6876.10 b) 6999.20    
ber and its two-fifth is 510. What
c)6654 d) 7000 
is 10% of that number?
5. 30% of 28% of 480 is the same as 2     
    5 a)70 b) 90
a)15% of 56% of 240     c) 120 d) 140
b) 60% of 28% of 240    
c) 60% of 56% of 240 16.The population of a town in-
a)12.75 b) 85
d) 60% of 82% of 240 creased from 1,75,000 to
c) 204 d) 402 2,62,500 in a decade. The aver-
    
 11.Subtracting 40% of a number age percent increase of popula-
from the number, we get the tion per year is :
a)
result as 30. The number is :     
b)
      
c)
       
d)   
  
2  
6. If Rs. 2800 is percent of the a)28 b)50
7 a) 4.37% b) 5%
c) 52 d)70
value of a house, the worth of
the house (in Rs.) is : 12.If 35% of a number is 12 less than c) 6% d) 8.75%
2 50% of that number, then the 17.A student multiplied a number
   7
  number is : 3 5
        by instead of . What is the
 5 3
     percentage error in the calcula-
a) 8,00,000 b) 9,80,000     tion?
c) 10,00,000 d) 12,00,000 a)40 b)50     

7. If 120 is 20% of a number, then c) 60 d) 80    
120% of that number will be :
13.If a number x is 10% less than  
    
another number y and y is 10% a)34% b) 44%
   
more than 125, then x is equal c) 54% d) 64%
a)20 b) 120 c) 360 d) 720 to : 18.A fruit seller had some apples.
8. If 35% of a number is 175, then x y He sells 40% apples and still has
what percent of 175 is that num- y 420 apples. Originally, he had :
x (in Apples)
ber?
    
    
   
 a) 123.75 b) 140.55 
    
c) 143 d) 150
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 40
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY TNPSC A p t i t u d e
       27.Kunal spent Rs.35,000 in buying
a) 588 b) 600     raw materials, Rs.40,000 in buy-
c)672 d) 700     ing machinery and 20% of the to-
19.In an examination, 35% of the tal amount he had as cash with
a)64 b) 68 c) 70 d) 72 him. What was the total
students passed and 455 failed.
Howmany students appeared 23.1100 boys and 700 girls are ex- amount?(in Rs.)
for the examination? amined in a test; 42% of the boys   
    and 30% of the girls pass. The   
    percentage of the total who   
   failed is :    
         
      
a)490 b) 700    
a) 80,000 b) 85,750
c) 845 d) 1300    
    c) 90,000 d) 93,750
20.A student has to obtain 33% of
the total marks to pass. He got 2 28.Sameer spends 24% of his
a)58% b) 62 % monthly income on food and
125 marks and failed by 40 3
marks. The maximum marks are c) 64% d) 78% 15% on the education of his chil-
dren. Of the remaining salary, he
    24.If x is 90% of y, then what per- spends 25% on entertainment
    cent of x is y? and 20% on conveyance. He is
   
y-  x  x-  y now left with Rs.10,736. What is
   
  the monthly salary of Sameer?
  
(in Rs.)
  1
a)90% b) 101 %    
a)300 b) 500 9
  
c) 800 d) 1000
1   
21.At an election involving two can- c)111 % d) 190%    
9
didates, 68 votes were declared   
invalid. The winning candidate 25. x% of y is y% of   
secures 52% and wins by 98 yxy    
votes. The total number of votes   
polled is : x y
a)x b) 100x c) d) a)27,600 b) 28,000
    100 100
   c) 31,200 d) 32,000
26.Rohit spends 40% of his salary
   29.405 sweets were distributed
on food, 20% on house rent, 10%
   equally among children in such
on entertainment and 10% on
    a way that the number of sweets
conveyance. If his savings at the
   received by each child is 20% of
end of a month are Rs.1500, then
   the total number of children.
his monthly salary is : (in Rs.)
 How many sweets did each child
   
a)2382 b) 2450 receive?
  
c)2518 d) 2158   
  
22.A student secures 90%, 60% and      
54% marks in test papers with       
100, 150 and 200 respectively as       
maximum marks. The percent-    
age of his aggregate is :  
a)6000 b) 7500
      a)9 b) 15 c) 18 d) 45
   c) 8000 d) 10,000
   
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917 41
SINCE 2006
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY
30.A scored 30% marks and failed
by 15 marks. B scored 40% marks
and obtained 35 marks more
than those required to pass. The
pass percentage is :
A    
  
B
  
   
   
a)33% b) 38%
c) 43% d) 46%
31.A price of a table is Rs.400 more
than that of a chair. If 6 tables
and 6 chairs together cost
Rs.4800, by what percent is the
price of the chair less than that
of the table?
   

     
   
   
  
a)33 1 %
3 36.To a sugar solution of 3 litres con-
2
c) 66 %
3
32.The population of a town 2 years ago
was 62,500. Due to migration to big
cities, it decreases every year at the
rate of 4%. The present population
of the town is :
    
  
  
  

   

a)56,700 b) 57,600
c)58,800 d) 60,000
33.A’s income is 25% more than B’s
income. B’s income in terms of
A’s income is :
A  B 
   B 
A  
a)75% b) 80%
c) 90% d) 96%
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917
SINCE 2006
34.A’s salary is 50% more than
B’s.How much percent is B’s sal-
ary less than A’s?
A  B  
 B  A 
  
1
a) 33% b) 33
4
1 1
c) 33 % d) 33
3 2
35.How much pure alcohol has to
be added to 400 ml of a solution
containing 15% alcohol to
change the concentration of al-
cohol in the mixture to 32%? (in
ml)
   
  
  
   
  
 
a)60 b) 68
c) 100 d) 128
b) 50%
taining 40% sugar, one litre of
d) 45 % water is added. The percentage
of sugar in the new solution is:
    
     
  
   
1
a) 13 %
3
c) 30%
37.From a container having pure
milk, 20% is replaced by water
and the process is repeated
thrice. At the end of the third op-
eration, the milk is :
  
   
   
  

a) 40% pure/
b) 50% pure/
c) 51.2% pure/ 
d)58.8% pure/
TNPSC A p t i t u d e
38.A reduction of 21% in the price
of wheat enables a person to
buy 10.5 kg more for Rs.100.
What is the reduced price per
kg? (in Rs.)
   

%   
   
% a)2 b) 2.25 c) 2.30 d) 2.50
39.An agent gets a commission of
2.5% on the sales of cloth. If on a
certain day, he gets Rs.12.50 as
commission, the cloth sold
through him on that day is
worth. (in Rs.)
   
   
  
  

a)250 b) 500
c) 750 d) 1250
40.The difference of two numbers
is 20% of the larger number. If
the smaller number is 20, then
the larger number is :
   

   
a)25 b) 45 c) 50 d) 80
41.What percentage is 40 paise of 2
b) 15% rupess?
    
d) 33%  
a)20% b)0.05%
c)0.2% d)0.02%
42.The percentage of 10 minutes in
one hour is
   
 
2 1
a) 16 % b) 16 %
3 3
c)16% d)17%
43.If in a class students of 50,23
were girls and rest were boys,
then the percentage of boys is
42
Suresh’ IAS ACADEMY
   
    
  
 
a)46% b)54%
c)64% d)45%
44.A bicycle marked at Rs. 1,500 is
sold for Rs. 1,350. What is the
percentage of discount?
   
  
  
 
a)5% b)15% c)10% d)20%
45. The daily wage is increased by
15% and a person now gets Rs.
23 per day. What was his daily
wage before the increase?
   

  
   
a)Rs. 10 b)Rs. 15
c)Rs. 20 d)Rs. 30
46.Abirami bought a suitcase for
Rs.2730 which including 5% of
VAT (Value added Tax). What
was the price of the suitcase be-
fore VAT was added?
   
  
    50.Ram sold a watch at Rs.405 and
 (VAT) 
   
    
 0461-4000970, 99445 11344, 9994170110  0462-2560123, 98942 41422, 99948 14400  75503 52916, 7550352917
SINCE 2006
TNPSC A p t i t u d e
a)Rs.2700 b)Rs.2530    
c)Rs.2630 d)Rs.2600    
   
47.If 10% of A is equal to 12% of B
then 15% of A is equal to ............ a)Rs.337.50 b)Rs.87.50
precent of B.
c)Rs.237.50 d)Rs.237
A    B  
  A   51.Raman buys a washing machine
B   for Rs. 13,500 and sells it at a loss
 of 12%. What is the selling price
of the washing machine?
a)20% b)18%
  
c)15% d)8%   
48.A vendor offers a discount of    
10% on a watch and still makes a    
profit of 26%. What is the actual    
cost price if the marked price is
Rs.840? a)Rs.11,880 b)Rs.11,800
   c)Rs.13,500 d)Rs.11,870
     Answers
   
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
    
    6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)
a)600 b)700 11. (b) 12.(d) 13. (a) 14.(c) 15. (d)
c)800 d)650 16. (b) 17.(b) 18. (d) 19.(b) 20. (b)
49.What percent of 7.2 kg is 18 gms? 21. (c) 22.(a) 23. (b) 24.(c) 25. (a)
kgg
26. (b) 27.(d) 28. (d) 29.(a) 30. (a)

31. (c) 32.(b) 33. (b) 34.(c) 35. (c)
a)25% b)2.5%
36. (c) 37.(c) 38. (a) 39.(b) 40 (a)
c)0.25% d)0.025%
41. (a) 42.(a) 43. (b) 44.(c) 45. (c)
46. (d) 47.(b) 48. (a) 49.(c) 50. (a)
earned a profit of 20%. What was
his cost price? 51.(a)

0461- 4000970
99445 11344
99941 70110
 
0462-2560123 75503 52916
98942 41422 7550352917
99948 14400

43