3-D Conduction in Cylindrical Body

Cylindrical Coordinate (𝑟, ∅, 𝑧)

𝜕𝑇 𝑘 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
Heat Flux Vectors: 𝑞𝑟 = −k , 𝑞∅ = − , 𝑞𝑧 =-k
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧

3-D Conduction Equation:

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕2𝑇 𝜕2𝑇 𝑞 1 𝜕𝑇
r + 2 + + =
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝑘 𝛼 𝜕𝜏

1-D Steady Conduction with internal heat generation

1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑞
r + =0
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘

𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑞𝑟
r =−
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘

𝑑𝑇 𝑞𝑟 𝐶1
Integrating once we get, =− +
𝑑𝑟 2𝑘 𝑟
 𝑞𝑟 2
Integrating again we get, 𝑇 = − + 𝐶1 lnr + 𝐶2
4𝑘

Applying boundary conditions

𝜕𝑇
(i) At 𝑟 = 0, =0 → 𝐶1 = 0
𝜕𝑟

𝑞𝑅2
(ii) At 𝑟 = 𝑅, 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 → 𝐶2 = 𝑇𝑠 + 4𝑘

𝑞𝑅2 𝑟2
Temperature profile equation: 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 + 1 − 𝑅2
4𝑘
𝑞𝑅2
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇𝑠 +
4𝑘

𝑇𝑠
R
3-D Conduction in Spherical Body
Spherical Co-ordinates (𝑟, 𝜃, ∅)

𝜕𝑇 𝑘 𝜕𝑇 𝑘 𝜕𝑇
Heat Flux Vectors: 𝑞𝑟 = −k , 𝑞𝜃 = − , 𝑞∅ = −
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕∅

3-D Conduction Equation:

1 𝜕 2
𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕2𝑇 𝑞 1 𝜕𝑇
𝑟 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 + + =
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜕∅2 𝑘 𝛼 𝜕𝜏

1-D Steady Conduction with Internal Heat Generation :

1 𝑑 2
𝑑𝑇 𝑞
𝑟 + =0
𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘
 𝑑 2
𝑑𝑇 𝑞𝑟2
𝑟 =−
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘
Integrating once
𝑑𝑇 𝑞𝑟 𝐶1
=− +
𝑑𝑟 3𝑘 𝑟 2
Integrating again
𝑞 𝑟 2 𝐶1
𝑇=− − + 𝐶2
6𝑘 𝑟
Applying boundary conditions
𝑑𝑇
(i) At 𝑟 = 0, =0 → 𝐶1 = 0
𝑑𝑟
𝑞𝑅2
(ii) At 𝑟 = 𝑅, 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 → 𝐶2 = 𝑇𝑠 +
6𝑘

𝑞𝑅2 𝑟2 𝑇𝑠
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 + 1− 2
6𝑘 𝑅
r
𝑞𝑅2 R
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇𝑠 +
6𝑘
Example
Radioactive wastes (𝑘𝑟 =20 W/mK) are stored in a spherical stainless steel (𝑘𝑠 =15
W/K) container of inner and outer radii equal to 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. Heat
is generated volumetrically within the wastes at a uniform rate of 𝑞 =105 W/𝑚3 .
The outer surface of the container is exposed to a water flow for which
ℎ = 1000 𝑊/𝑚2 K and 𝑇∞ = 250 C. Find steady state outer & inner surface
temperatures and center temperature.
Solution
𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑜 Rate of heat generated, Q = rate of heat loss from
outer surface
𝑘𝑟 4 3 𝑞 = h 4π𝑟 2 (𝑇 -𝑇 )
Water π𝑟𝑖 𝑜 𝑠 ∞
3
𝑞 𝑟𝑖 ℎ, 𝑇∞
4 3 × 105 = 1000 × 4π × 0.72 × (𝑇 -25)
π × 0.6 𝑠𝑜
3

𝑇𝑠𝑜 = 39.70 C
4𝜋𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝑘𝑠 (𝑇𝑠𝑖 −𝑇𝑠𝑜 )
Rate of heat transfer through spherical steel wall, Q=
(𝑟𝑜 −𝑟𝑖 )
4 4𝜋×0.6×0.7×15× (𝑇𝑠𝑖 −39.7)
π × 0.63 × 105 = , 𝑇𝑠𝑖 =1540 C
3 (0.7−0.6)
𝑞 𝑟𝑖 2 105 ×0.62
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇𝑠𝑖 + =154+ =4540 C
6𝑘𝑟 6×20