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Report Writing

Course Title: MGT 489 (Strategic Management)

Section: 04

Submitted To:
Dr. Muslima Zahan (ZMU)
Full Time Faculty
Assistant Professor
North South University

Submitted By:
NAME ID

Monolova Samaruth 1210368630

Md. Al Amin Akando Antor 1520864633

Md Sharwar Hossain 1520843630

Piash Saha 1611767030

Tahmid Ali Mim 1611035030

Amir Faisal Rihan 1931063630

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Ethical Dilemma Scenario:

Mr. Tanvir, who works as a Risk and Compliance Manager for RYZEN VEHICLES, a fleet
management company, is confronted with ethical dilemmas in this instance.
Mr. Tanvir's main responsibility is to manage risk not just internally but also with external
stakeholders. He presents his findings, offers recommendations, and puts any controls or
corrective actions in place to mitigate or eliminate the risks discovered.
Organization RYZEN VEHICLES, as a fleet management company, serves about 1000
consumers each day and also provides vehicles to several state-owned businesses. Key
performance indicators (penalties) for non-performance or inefficient performance are included
in its agreement with state-owned firms. Each of these key performance indicators has a
monetary value that is paid to the businesses at the end of the year. Should the penalties reach a
particular amount, the company risks losing its contracts.
Bonuses and salary increase at Company RYZEN VEHICLES are based on the company's
overall key performance factors. This includes Mr. Tanvir's salary. One of the state-owned
entities (client) is short on personnel and relies on Company RYZEN VEHICLES to compile key
performance indicators and report on whether or not the company has met them.
As a result, Mr. Tanvir undertakes both internal and external monitoring and management of
KPIs on behalf of the customer. While drafting the report at year's end, Mr. Tanvir noted that
Company RYZEN VEHICLES owed the client a huge bill of penalties. Mr. Tanvir can easily
modify the report by minimizing the number of events and the number of penalties payable
because he was exclusively responsible for generating it without the client's input or inspection.
2 Mr. Tanvir informed his bosses about the situation, and they have demanded that he "do
everything he can to minimize the company's exposure."
The process of manipulating the report is known as window dressing. This entails tinkering with
figures, which could result in fraud and a loss of business for the corporation. Mr. Tanvir is faced
with the following factors that will influence his decision:
 His bosses may not be pleased if he does not manipulate the figures and blame him for
the penalty, especially if they lose the contract. He could become a persona non gratia in
the company and become a victim.
 His pay increase and/or bonus may be affected if he does not manipulate the numbers.
 If he tampers with the numbers, his own integrity is jeopardized.

Ethics and Business Ethics Defined:

Ethics: A moral philosophy or system of values practiced by a person or group of people is
defined as ethics. As a result, we can define ethics as the study of moral norms, moral judgment,
and moral philosophy. Ethics is a discipline of philosophy concerned with the meaning of human
action in all of its forms. The goal of theoretical ethics, often known as normative ethics, is to
distinguish between right and wrong. It is profoundly intellectual and rational in nature as a
discipline of philosophy. It is the contemplation and definition of what is right, wrong, just,
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unjust, good, and terrible in terms of human behavior. It aids in the development of the rules and
principles (norms) that we use to evaluate and guide meaningful decision-making.
Business Ethics: Business ethics are a set of moral rules that govern how a company serves its
customers and treats its staff, and are frequently based on the owner's or manager's personal
ethics. Every sector and individual company have its own set of ethical standards that influence
organizational procedures and systems. Business Ethics, sometimes known as corporate ethics, is
a type of applied ethics or professional ethics that looks at the ethical and moral concepts and
issues that occur in the workplace. It can also be defined as the written and unwritten norms of
principles and values that govern choices and behaviors within a company, as decided by the
culture.
Here are some of the most frequent professional personal ethics:

i. Transparency vii. Respect

ii. Integrity viii. Lawfulness
iii. Trustworthiness ix. Providing excellence
iv. Loyalty x. Responsibility
v. Equality xi. Upholding reputation
vi. Compassion xii. Accountability

Ethical Managers & their Classifications:

Managerial ethics refers to the norms of conduct or moral judgment that managers apply in
carrying out their duties. Managers are classified into three categories of moral or ethical
judgment, according to Archi B Carroll: immoral management, amoral management, and moral
management.
1. Immoral Management: Immoral management is not only devoid of ethical standards, but
also actively works against ethical behavior. This viewpoint is characterized by a primary
or only concern for corporate profits, a concentration on profits and company success at
whatever cost, a lack of regard for others' wants to be treated equally, a view of laws as
hurdles to be overcome, and a propensity to "cut corners."
2. Moral Management: Moral management, as contrast to immoral management, seeks to
follow ethical ideals and perceptions. Moral managers, like everyone else, want to
succeed, but only within the bounds of ethical norms and the concepts of fairness, justice,
and due process. As a result, moral managers seek business objectives that include
making a profit while also acting legally and ethically.
3. Amoral Management: The amoral management strategy is neither immoral nor moral;
rather, it overlooks or is unconcerned about ethical issues. Amoral management can be
divided into two categories:
 Intentional: Moral managers do not consider ethical issues in their decision-making or
behavior because they believe that general ethical norms are better suited to other
aspects of life than to business.
 Unintentional: Amoral executives are also unconcerned with ethical difficulties in
their commercial transactions, but for a different cause. The moral implications of
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their decision-making, actions, and behavior are mostly ignored or rewarded by these
managers. Overall, amoral managers pursue profitability as a goal and may have good
intentions, but they pay little attention to the effects of their actions on others,
whether purposefully or accidentally.

Theories of business ethics:

The study of company tactics and works including potentially dubious themes, such as corporate
administration, trading, payoff, corporate social responsibility, and other commitments, is known
as business ethics.
The most common business ethics theories are-
 Deontology: Immanuel Kant's deontological philosophy suggests that having an ethical
expectation and adhering to the correct principles is a better route to moral leadership
than achieving the desired results. It is thought that moral behavior arises from fulfilling
one's responsibilities, and that obligations are defined by a precise idea. Obligations,
according to Kant, are not owed to specific types of people but are owed to everyone.
 Social Justice Theory and Social Contract Theory: The term "distributive equity" is
emphasized by social justice theorists. This concept emphasizes that citizens should be
provided with products that meet their needs. Regardless, any reorganization would
necessitate the capacity to determine who gets what and when.
 Virtue Theory: Instead of strict norms or beneficial objectives, virtue ethics emphasizes
the value of temperate attributes. This approach to dealing with ethical quality assumes
that we will obtain righteousness through education. An individual can cultivate a nice
and excellent person by working on being straightforward, fearless, just, and liberal, for
example.
 Rule utilitarianism: Rule utilitarianism is a utilitarian who believes that activity is direct
as long as it adjusts to a criterion that prompts the best possible outcome. The
appropriateness or inadequacy of a particular action is a component of the standard to
which it is subject. In rule-utilitarianism, the rule of utility is to preserve those principles
that will result in the most valued benefit for the greatest number of people. The overall
guideline in the model above would be 'Share your wealth.'
 The Social Contract Theory: According to the social contract of business theory,
companies exist with society's permission because they act in ways that benefit society.
Theorists of the social contract believe that a company should make decisions and
structure its operations in ways that benefit society the most.
 Moral relativism: Moral relativism is a theory that asserts that ethical excellence is
proportional to one's lifestyle standards. Whether an action is right or improper is
determined by the ethical norms of the general public in the area where it is practiced. A
broad public's practices may only be measured against its own set of sound ideals.
 Rawls theory of justice: Rawls promoted a theory of justice based on standard agreement
theory, contending that the normal state of people is opportunity, not oppression, from a
ruler, regardless of how friendly or good-natured he or she may be. Rawls' theory, like
Kant's, sees humans as fundamentally magnificent and inclined toward moral integrity
and activity.
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Business Environment Aspects:

Legal Environment: Legal concerns are critical to understanding the fleet management industry's
external environment. Legal issues may not have a direct impact on fleet management firm
growth in the short term, but they can have a substantial impact in the long run. A PESTEL
analysis can help the fleet management industry understand how legal problems affect their
operations.
 Almost every country has rules that control this service. The recommendations help to
protect the environment while also protecting the safety of passengers. To avoid legal
action, fleet management companies must be well-versed in the rules and adhere to them.
 When it comes to employee conditions, there are a few things that RYZEN vehicles
should keep in mind. It can help them deliver a safe and comfortable service.
 In the vast majority of situations, businesses are held responsible for calamities. They can
get tied up in legal battles. It has the potential to ruin their reputation and harm their
business.

Religious Environment: A separate and particular education of various religions and

cultures is an essential part of all airport authorities' and crew members' overall training, and the
rationale for this is self-evident. While Jews may demand kosher food, certain Hindus may opt to
eat only vegetarian food. It is vital to educate fleet management crews about diverse religions
and civilizations so that they may better understand how different religions and cultures operate.
While religious and cultural sensitivity training is required in the transportation industry, it is
becoming evident that such training is required for every firm that operates across or within
borders.

Justification: As a airlines industry or as a business organization it our most important

factor to build a strong connection between the end consumer and the provider. This kind of
relationship helps the business to grow fast. But when a business is there to run, we must need to
take care about the society, the nature and finally from the business perspective. Because besides
making profit, we have something to do for the society as well.

The social contract theory is one of the theories that must be followed while doing a
business. Because we all are responsible for what will happen in the society at the end of the day.
As an airlines industry we need to clarify how the airlines are environment friendly. How we are
saving the environment and how the society will be benefited with this. To make our company
good one for the society we will be publishing magazines for several news portals. Where we
will be discussing our operations and our future planning.
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According to the moral relativism theory our industry is morally responsible to the
consumers as well. This shows us how the industry is responsible to its consumers to deliver a
good deal from the moral aspect.

This kind of accountability is needed to maintain a good relation to the consumers. As

consumers are the main part of the business, so when they will learn about the insides and learn
about how this business is offering a good deal not to their consumers but also to their
environment, it will create a great impact into people’s mind. By knowing about all this they will
become more loyal and this loyalty of the consumers will help the company to sustain in the long
run.

Conclusion:
Ethics are vital not only in business, but in all parts of life, because they are an integral part of
the foundation of a civilized society. A corporation or society that lacks ethical ideals will
eventually fail. In this case we have seen that Mr. Tanvir faces the dilemma where he has to
manipulate the numbers in order to solve the issues and hope that this doesn’t backfire. He may
also ask his superiors to seek help and advice. Inquire with his superiors about their purpose for
him to tamper with the numbers, and whether they realize they are asking him to jeopardize his
own integrity. In this case it is best if Mr. Tanvir seeks for another job as it is far easier to get a
new job than it is to restore one's reputation or to sleep well at night once one has crossed the line
and compromised one's integrity. Once you've done something wrong, you'll always have to be
on the lookout for someone who will reveal the truth, whether it's one of your superiors who
wants to use that action against you later to get rid of you or coerce you into doing something
else that would be considered unethical, or whether the client conducts its own audit and
discovers it. In the long run, compromising one's integrity is never worth it.
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Reference:
 McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. (2021, January 25).
Social Contract Theory. Ethics Unwrapped.
https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/social-contract-theory

 Santa Clara University. (n.d.). Ethical Relativism. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
Retrieved August 16, 2021, from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-
decision-making/ethical-relativism/#:%7E:text=Ethical%20relativism%20is%20the
%20theory,in%20which%20it%20is%20practiced.&text=The%20only%20moral
%20standards%20against,be%20judged%20are%20its%20own.

 Original Position (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). (2019, April 3). Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_ethics
 https://www.thestreet.com/personal-finance/what-is-business-ethics-15026364
 https://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-business/marketing-the-21st-century/content-
section-2.2#:~:text=Three%20ethical%20theories%20are%20commonly,to%20the
%20same%20ethical%20dilemma.
 https://www.academia.edu/28801981/MORAL_IMMORAL_AND_AMORAL_MANAG
ERS_SHORT_NOTES
home.business.utah.edu/mgtab/BS-06.ppt