Optimize your Demin

System with Ligasep™

Degasification Modules
The Webinar has just started!
You should be listening to the moderator, but if for any reason you have difficulties hearing the audio or
seeing the slides at any point during the webinar, there’s a quick fix:

• You can refresh the player console by pressing F5 on your keyboard (or open apple R on Macs)

• Generally speaking, it does help to shut down any other programs running on the background since they
might limit your bandwidth

• If none of the above works, please request help from our webinar producer through the Q&A box.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Contents
Section 1 - Fundamentals
• What is Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification?
• CO2 Chemistry in Water
• CO2 Removal with Ligasep™

Section 2 - Cases
• Ligasep™ with Ion Exchange Resins
• Ligasep™ with Reverse Osmosis and Mixed Bed Polisher
• Ligasep™ with EDI
• Ligasep™ for pH Control

Section 3 - Resources
• WAVE Tricks and Tips
• Technical Resources

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
 Ligasep™, towards reliable and sustainable industrial water
DuPont Water Solutions Portfolio – The broadest in the industry
Memcor® inge® Desalitech Ligasep™
MBR & UF Multibore® membrane CCRO Degasification Modules

Wastewater Ultrapure Water

OxyMem IntegraFlux™ FilmTec™ Amber Series Electrodeionization

MABR Ultrafiltration Reverse Osmosis Ion Exchange Resins
Nanofiltration
© Copyright 2021 DuPont
Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
 Why membrane degasification?
The challenge

In the production of... The solutions…

Industrial utility water make-up
Boiler feed
Ultrapure water
CO2
O2
Corrosion problems
Product quality issues
Undesired chemical reactions
Industrial water
By chemicals
Oxygen scavengers
Microelectronics Caustic dosage with 2 Pass RO
By towers
Power generation . Decarbonation towers
Vacuum deaeration towers
Steam deaerators
Injection water
(Oil & Gas)
By Membrane degasifiers
Food & Pharma Physical gas removal
By Membrane degasifiers
Less chemicals,
up to chemicals-free.
High water protection
Reduced footprint,
modular designs,
flexible production
Ease of operation:
Low attendance,
fully-automated

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
A portfolio designed for industrial water challenges
Ligasep™ Portfolio
Pressure
Housing Target Flow Rate Dimensions Temperature
Model Rating
Material gas gpm (m3/hr) (mm) Range
(bar) 1

4 to 50
LDM-040-LS PVC O2 180 x 673 5–7 5 – 50°C
(1 to 11)

30 to 220
LDM-120-LS PP O2 315 x 850 5–8 5 – 50°C
(6 to 50)

4 to 50
LDM-040-HS PVC CO2 180 x 673 5–7 5 – 50°C
(1 to 11)

30 to 220 Ligasep™ LDM-040

LDM-120-HS PP CO2 315 x 850 5–8 5 – 50°C
(6 to 50) Ligasep™ LDM-120
Degasification Modules
1 Temperature dependent
Product HS: for High Solubility gases
Datasheets LS: for Low Solubility gases

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Fundamentals
Ligasep™ Degasification Modules
How they work

Gas permeable skinned hollow fiber membrane prevents

water from passing through the membrane to the gas side

Lower gas concentrations and pressure (vacuum) on the gas

side creates a driving force to remove gases from the liquid
.
Nonselective, can remove dissolved gases such as CO2, O2,
H2S and NH3

High surface area in small volume - modular, small footprint,

scalable and predictable

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Degasification Modules
Degasification Principle

Air Composition
Henry’s Law 79% N2 & 21% O2
• The removal process follows Henry’s law:
• Gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial
pressure in the gas phase.
• The proportionality factor is called the Henry’s law constant.

𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑇 ∙ 𝑌𝑖
𝐶𝑖 = =
𝐻𝑖 𝐻𝑖 14.1 ppm N2
Where:
8.5 ppm O2
Pi = gas partial pressure in gas phase
Hi = Henry constant of gas component
Ci = gas component concentration in water
PT = Total Pressure
Yi = gas component fraction in total gas stream

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Degasification Modules
Degasification Principle

↓ ↓

↓ 𝑃𝑖
↓ 𝐶𝑖 =
𝐻𝑖 ↓
↓

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
CO2 Removal
CO2 in Water
CO2 gas is present directly and indirectly in water in the form of H2CO3, HCO3- and CO3-2 ions.
There is an equilibrium between CO2 free gas and carbonate ions which depends on water pH
and temperature.
Acidic pH will convert alkalinity into CO2 free gas.

𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑂 ՞ 𝐻2 𝐶𝑂3 ՞ 𝐻 + + 𝐻𝐶𝑂3−

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
CO2 Removal Processes
Chemical Treatment Membrane Degasification
• pH increase using NaOH to convert CO2 to • Ambient air is used for CO2 stripping.
CO3-2 and HCO3-. • Combo and Sweep Mode.

Forced-Draft Decarbonators
SWEEP GAS INLET
LIQUID OUTLET

•
LIGASEP

Ambient air blown into packed bed. DEGASIFICATION

MODULE

• Water sprayed onto the bed and accumulated LIQUID INLET

in the bottom reservoir. SWEEP GAS OUTLET

VACUUM
PUMP SWEEP GAS INLET
LIQUID OUTLET

LIGASEP
DEGASIFICATION
MODULE

LIQUID INLET

SWEEP GAS OUTLET

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Operating Modes for CO2 Removal
Combo Mode Sweep Mode
• Most effective method for degasification. • Simplest method for degasification.
• Sweep gas: Ambient air • Performance depends on:
• Performance depends on: • The purity of the sweep gas.
• Sweep gas purity. • Auxiliary Equipment (at 1 atm):
• Vacuum level. • Compressed air for CO2 removal.
• Sweep gas flowrate (blower).
• Auxiliary Equipment:
• Vacuum Pump, Regenerative Blower

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
In Demin Systems
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Case 1: Optimization Strategies with Ion Exchange Demineralization

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Impact of CO2 on Ion Exchange (IX) Resins
FEED WATER

CATIONIC ANIONIC
PRODUCT WATER
RESIN RESIN

Cations → H+ ions Anions → OH- ions

pH ↓ pH ↑
HCO3 + CO3 → CO2 (g) CO2 (g) → HCO3 + CO3

Impact:
• In new designs, this increased load can result in large anion resin vessels.
• In existing systems, an increase in CO2 will reduce the run length and increased chemical consumption
of the anion resin vessel.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ with AmberLite™ Ion Exchange Resin
Typical Process Train Process Train with Ligasep™
FEED WATER FEED WATER

ANIONIC MIXED BED MIXED BED

CATIONIC CATIONIC ANIONIC
RESIN POLISHER POLISHER
RESIN RESIN RESIN

FORCED-DRAFT
PRODUCT WATER PRODUCT WATER
DECARBONATOR
MEMBRANE
DEGASIFICATION
MODULE

• High risk of cross contamination with ambient air • Membranes prevents direct contact between air
• Larger footprint and occupies more space and water.
• Transportation cost high • Skid mounted system
• Generally, on-site assembly • Stable and reliable operation
• Performance reduces with time (as packing get • No re-pumping required
fouled) • Can be operated with vacuum pump, blower or
• Complex maintenance sweep mode.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
System Configuration: Feedwater Quality
• Treatment capacity of 65 m3/h Parameters Value

Hardness (ppm CaCO3) 82

• Cationic Resin Bed Feed Alkalinity (ppm CaCO3) 196
• Specific Velocity of 20 BV/h Feed pH 7.63
• AmberLite™ IRC120 H Feed TDS (ppm) 370

• Anionic Resin Bed Study:

• Specific Velocity of 20 BV/h Evaluate the performance of the IX system at
• AmberLite™ IRA402 Cl different CO2 concentrations.
1. No degasification
2. CO2 = 100, 75, 50, 25, 5 ppm

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
Case Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Impact of CO2 on IX Run Length
Cationic Resin Bed 60
Resin Volume (m 3 ) 4.13 3.93 3.85 3.8 3.8 3.8

Run Length (hours)

50
Throughput (m 3 ) 1,331 1,290 1,269 1,261 1,261 1,261 Break
40
Run Length (hours) 17.51 17.92 17.87 18.01 18.01 18.01 Point
Anionic Resin Bed 30

Resin Volume (m 3 ) 3.79 3.6 3.53 3.49 3.49 3.49 20

Throughput (m 3 ) 657 875 1,066 1,399 2,086 3,429 10
Run Length (hours) 8.65 12.15 15.01 19.99 29.8 48.99
0
Inlet CO2 concentration (ppm) 180 100 75 50 25 5 0 50 100 150 200
System CO2 Concentration
Run Length (hours) 8.68 12.14 15.11 18.09 18.09 18.09
Anion Run Length Cation Run Length Overall Run Length
Recovery 85.90% 90.20% 92% 93.30% 93.30% 93.30%

Optimization Strategies:
• Break point is around 50 ppm, where the IX system limited by cationic resin
• Independent regeneration
• Adjust anionic bed volume
• Adjust anionic run length

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Case 2: Optimization Strategies with RO and Mixed Bed

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Impact of CO2 on Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes
• The conductivity is often the most important quality parameter of the product water.
• Since carbon dioxide is not rejected by the membrane, it is present in the product water, where
it reacts to form carbonic acid and causes the conductivity to increase.

• Removing CO2 in the process can improve the final product quality:
• Increasing pH using NaOH where CO2 is converted to HCO3 which will rejected by the RO
membranes.
• Removing CO2 using Ligasep™ Degasification Modules.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ with Double Pass Reverse Osmosis
Typical Process Train Process Train with Ligasep™
NaOH

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

MEMBRANE
DOUBLE-PASS MIXED BED
DEGASIFICATION
REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS MIXED BED REVERSE OSMOSIS EDI
MODULE
PASS 1 PASS 2 EDI

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

MEMBRANE
REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS MIXED BED
REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS FORCED-DRAFT MIXED BED DEGASIFICATION
PASS 1 PASS 2 EDI
PASS 1 PASS 2 DECARBONATOR EDI MODULE

• NaOH adds Na which increases the conductivity • Mechanical removal of CO2 (no chemicals used).
of the feed to the second pass. • Stable and reliable operation.
• May increase energy consumption of the RO • No change in water salinity.
system.
• In-line installation and operation.
• Chemical management (safety/sustainability).
• No re-pumping or buffer tanks needed.
• Maintenance of chemical injection system.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
System Configuration: EDI Feedwater Quality
• Treatment capacity of 65 m3/h Parameters Value
• Reverse Osmosis Pass 1 Hardness (ppm CaCO3) 916
• 10:5 (6) at 75% Recovery Feed Alkalinity (ppm CaCO3) 240
• Filmtec™ Fortilife™ CR100 Feed pH 6.8
• Reverse Osmosis Pass 2 Feed TDS (ppm) 1,280
• 5:2 (6) at 86.6% Recovery
• Filmtec™ BW30HR-440 Cases:
• Ion Exchange Mixed Bed 1. No degasification
• Design Specific Velocity of 20 BV/h 2. Increase pH to 8 before Pass 2
3. Ligasep™ before Mixed Bed

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
Case Number 1 2 3
Degasification Method No degasification pH adjustment to 8 Ligasep™ Degasification Mixed Bed Run Length
RO Pass 1
35.00
Pressure (bar) 8.9 9.00 8.9
30.00

Run Length (Days)

Permeate TDS (ppm) 10.62 12.14 10.62
NaOH Injection 25.00

Dosification (ppm) 21.8 20.00

3
Yearly Consumption (m ) 18.8 15.00
RO Pass 2 10.00
Pressure (bar) 12.2 12.4 12.2 5.00
Permeate TDS (ppm) 1.59 1.81 1.59 0.00
Mixed Bed 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Feed CO2 (ppm) 52.07 1.34 0.72 CO2 Concentration
Run Length (days) 0.56 17.7 31.5
Recovery 96.50% > 99.9% > 99.9% Mixed Bed Run Length
Overall System Recovery 69.60% 72.10% 72.20%

Optimization Strategies:
• Adjust design of Mixed Bed Polisher.
• Explore the option to operate as “sacrifice” Mixed Bed or use “non-regenerable” mixed bed resins.
• Expand treatment capacity of the system (more available water).
• Optimize downstream process equipment.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Case 3: Optimization Strategies with EDI

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Electrodeionization (EDI)
Product
Concentrate Concentrate
Chamber Dilute Chamber
Chamber

Anionic Membrane
Cationic Membrane

Cationic Membrane
Anionic Membrane

Cl-

Anode (+)
Cathode (-)

Cl-

Na+

Na+

Feed Concentrate
© Copyright 2021 DuPont
Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Electrodeionization (EDI) - Regeneration
Concentrate Concentrate
Chamber Dilute Chamber
Chamber

Anionic Membrane
Cationic Membrane

Cationic Membrane
Anionic Membrane

Anode (+)
OH-
Cathode (-)

OH-

H+
H+

H2O ↔ H+ + OH-

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Impact of CO2 on Electrodeionization (EDI)
Concentrate Concentrate
Chamber Dilute Chamber
Chamber

HCO3- CO3-2
CO2
H+

Anionic Membrane
Cationic Membrane

Cationic Membrane
Anionic Membrane

HCO3-
CO2

Anode (+)
CO2
Cathode (-)

Ca+2 + CO3-2
↕
CaCO3
(scaling)

H2O ↔ H+ + OH-

pH ~ 12 pH ~ 2
© Copyright 2021 DuPont
Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ with EDI
Typical Process Train Process Train with Ligasep™
NaOH

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

MEMBRANE
DOUBLE-PASS
DEGASIFICATION EDI
REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS
EDI MODULE
PASS 1 PASS 2

FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER

MEMBRANE
REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS
DEGASIFICATION EDI
PASS 1 PASS 2
MODULE

• Chemical management (safety/sustainability) • Complete chemical free operation

• Maintenance of chemical injection system • Chemical free removal of CO2
• Second pass RO scaling risk: • Achieve a concentration of CO2 < 3 mg/L
• Ca(OH)2 • Constant and stable operation
• Mg(OH)2 • Low maintenance
• Carbonate scale

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
System Configuration: EDI Feedwater Quality Before Degas
• Treatment capacity of 65 m3/h Parameters Value

Hardness (ppm CaCO3) 0.7

• Same RO system as previous case. Feed Alkalinity (ppm CaCO3) 0.03

TDS (ppm) 1.17

• EDI polishing unit
• 34 DuPont EDI-310 Modules
• Degasification is necessary Cases:
• Limit to 5 ppm CO2 (preferably < 3) Evaluate impact of CO2 on EDI system
1. EDI Feed CO2 = 3, 2, 1, 0.5 ppm

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Case Study
CO2 Impact on EDI Power Consumption
40.00
Case Number 1 2 3 4

Power Consumption (kW)

35.00
EDI System
30.00
Feed CO2 (ppm) 3 2 1 0.5 25.00
Feed pH 5.3 5.45 5.63 5.85 20.00
Total Current (A) 161.5 39.1 34 34 15.00
Total Voltage (V) 222.6 64.6 58 58 10.00
Electrical Consumption (kW) 35.95 2.53 1.97 1.97 5.00
System Recovery 90% 90% 90% 90% 0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
CO2 Concentration

CO2 Impact on EDI Power Consumption

Optimization Strategies:
• Case 1 not viable, above maximum amperage per module.
• Chemical free and unattended operation
• Optimize EDI energy consumption and lifespan

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Case 4: Optimization Strategies for pH Control

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ for pH Control
Different factors that impact pH:
• Presence of mineral acids (H2CO3, H2SO4, HCl, etc.)
• Presence of weak acids such as ammonium (NH4)
• Temperature

The change of pH after CO2 removal will be limited by the water quality.

For this reason, it’s important to have a complete water analysis to estimate final pH.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
WAVE Tricks and Tips
How to use Degas in WAVE with RO

3
FEED
WATER

RO

RO RO PASS 2
PASS 1

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
How to use Degas in WAVE with IX
1 4
2

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
How to use Degas in WAVE with IX

1
3

RO SYSTEM

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
Ligasep™ Membrane Degasification
Technical Resources
Technical Documentation for Ligasep™
• Product data sheets • Technical Manual
• P&IDs • Feedwater guidelines
• General Arrangement Drawings • Cleaning procedure
• Dimensional Drawings of modules • Drying procedure
• Chemical tolerance
• 3D CAD models
• Handling, Preservation and Storage
• Online webinar (Water Academy)
• Start-up and Shut down procedures
• DuPont Water Online Resource Center
• Troubleshooting guide

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
DuPont Water Solutions Available Technical Services
• Design & operational assistance.

• Recommendations for system optimization.

• On-site training of Plant engineers. *

• Troubleshooting assistance.

• Access to world-class Dupont Technical experts, industry leading technologies & solutions, to
help with a broad range of applications.

© Copyright 2021 DuPont

Cannot be used without the express written consent of DuPont
 Q&A
Copyright © 2021 DuPont. All rights reserved. The DuPont Oval Logo and DuPont™ are trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. The Dow Diamond Logo and
Dow™ are trademarks of the Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates.

No freedom from infringement of any patent or trademark owned by DuPont or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and
may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's
workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in
all geographies where DuPont is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. DuPont assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this
document. References to “DuPont” or the “Company” mean the DuPont legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.