BMS

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Avalahalli, Doddaballapur Main Road, Bengaluru – 560064

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
17EC61

STUDY MATERIAL

VI SEMESTER
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Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problem1:

A binary data {bk}={010010011} is to be transmitted using DPSK. Choose d1=0

and determine:

i. The differential encoded sequence {dk} and phase of the transmitted

DPSK signal.
ii. Polarity of the integrator output at t=Tb of the DPSK receiver.
iii. Decision rule and detected binary sequence.

Soln:

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problem 2.

Soln:

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problem 3.

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problem 4.

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problem 5.

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Table: Error function erf(x) and Complementary error

function erfc(x)

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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and

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page

 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (17EC61) QUESTION BANK Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech., Ph.D

Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D

Dept. Of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T
Module-4
COMMUNICATION THROUGH BAND LIMITED CHANNELS

4.1 Digital Transmission through Band limited channels: Digital PAM

Transmission through Band limited Channels.
4.2 Signal design for Band limited Channels: Design of band limited signals
for zero ISI-The Nyquist Criterion (statement only).
4.3 Design of band limited signals with controlled ISI-Partial Response
signals.
4.4 Probability of error for detection of Digital PAM:
i. Probability of error for detection of Digital PAM with Zero ISI.
ii. Symbol–by–Symbol detection of data with controlled ISI

4.5 Channel Equalization: Linear Equalizers (ZFE, MMSE), Adaptive Equalizers

(Text 2: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3.1, 9.3.2) and (Text 2: 9.4.2).

Text 2: John G Proakis and Masoud Salehi, ―Fundamentals of Communication

Systems‖, 2014 Edition, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-8-131-70573-5.
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4.1 Digital Transmission through Band limited channels: Digital PAM
Transmission through Band limited Channels.

1. With a neat block diagram of digital PAM system obtain the expression for inter
symbol interference (ISI). (06 Marks) June-July 2018.

2. With a neat block diagram, explain the digital PAM transmission through band
limited baseband channels. Also obtain the expression for inter symbol
interference. (06 Marks) Dec 2018-Jan 2019.

3. What is ISI? Obtain the expression of output of a filter with inter symbol
interference. (8 Marks) Dec 2019-Jan2020.

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4.2 Signal design for Band limited Channels: Design of band limited signals
for zero ISI-The Nyquist Criterion (statement only).

1. State and prove Nyquist condition for zero ISI. (06 Marks) June-July 2018.

2. With neat sketches and expressions, explain raised cosine spectrum solution to
reduced ISI. (06 Marks) Dec 2018-Jan 2019.

Dept. Of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T., Bangalore Page 13

Dr. Dankan V Dept. of ECE BMSIT Page 1 of 80

 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (17EC61) QUESTION BANK Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech., Ph.D

3. Explain the Nyquist criterion for distortionless baseband binary transmission

and obtain the ideal solution for zero ISI. (08 Marks) Dec 2019-Jan 2020.
4. Explain the following terms with related equations and diagram with respect to
base band transmission.
i. ISI and Nyquist condition for zero ISI Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
ii. Duobinary signal pulse Dept. Of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T
iii. Modified duobinary signal pulse
iv. Partial response signals
v. Raised cosine spectrum. (10 Marks) June-July 2019.

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4.3 Design of band limited signals with controlled ISI-Partial Response signals.

1. Explain the design of band limited signals with controlled ISI. (10 Marks) June-
July 2018.

2. What is the advantage of controlled ISI partial response signalling? with block
diagram, explain the duo-binary encoder with pre-coder. Mention the frequency
response, impulse response and its features. (06 Marks) Dec 2018-Jan 2019.
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4.4 Probability of error for detection of Digital PAM:

a. Probability of error for detection of Digital PAM with Zero ISI.

b. Symbol–by–Symbol detection of data with controlled ISI

1. For the binary data sequence {𝑑𝑛 } given by 11101001. Determine the precoded
sequence, transmitted sequence, received sequence and the decoded sequence.
(04 Marks) June-July 2018.

2. Explain the modified duo-binary signalling scheme, with pre-coding. Illustrate

the encoding for the binary sequence “011100101”. Assume previous pre-coder
outputs as 1. (07 Marks) Dec 2018-Jan 2019.

3. Explain the need for precoder in a duobiary signalling. The binary sequence
111010010001101 is the input to the precoder whose output is used to modulate
a duobinary transmitting filter. Obtain the precoded sequence, transmitted
amplitude levels, the received signal levels and the decoded sequence. (6 Marks)
June-July 2019.

4. Draw and explain the time-domain and frequency domain of duobinary and
modified duobinary signal. ( 08 Marks) Dec 2019- Jan 2020.
Dept. Of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T., Bangalore Page 14

Dr. Dankan V Dept. of ECE BMSIT Page 2 of 80

 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (17EC61) QUESTION BANK Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech., Ph.D

Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D

Dept. Of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T

5. With neat diagram, explain the timing features pertaining to eye diagram and it
interpretation for baseband binary data transmission system. (03 Marks) Dec
2018-Jan 2019.

6. Write a note on Eye diagram. (04 Marks) June-July 2019.

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4.5 Channel Equalization: Linear Equalizers (ZFE, MMSE), Adaptive Equalizers

1. What is a zero forcing equalizer? with a neat block diagram explain the operation
of linear transversal filter. (06 Marks) June-July 2018.

2. With neat diagram and relevant expression, explain the concept of adaptive
equalization. (04 Marks) Dec 2018-Jan 2019.

3. With a neat diagram, explain the concept of linear transversal filter. (06 Marks)
June-July 2019.

4. Consider a channel distorted pulse x(t), at the input to the equalizer, given by
1
𝑥 𝑡 = 2𝑡 2 where 1/T is the symbol rate. The pulse is sampled at the rate 2/T
1+( )
𝑇
and equalized by a zero-forcing equalizer. Determine the coefficients of a five-tap
zero-forcing equalizer. (06 Marks) June-July 2019.

5. What is channel equalization? With a neat diagram, explain the concept of

equalization using a linear transversal filter. (08 Marks) Dec 2019-Jan 2020.

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“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problems on PN Sequence Generation:

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 80

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 81

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 82

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 83

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Problems on Direct Spread Spectrum

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 84

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 85

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 86

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

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Problems on FH/MFSK

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 87

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 88

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 89

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

5.6 CDMA based on IS-95

IS-95 Forward link (Base Station to Mobile)

With a neat block diagram explain the CDMA system based on IS-95. (08Marks)
Dec 2019- Jan 2020.

Soln:

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 90

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IS-95 Reverse link (Mobile to Base Station)

With a neat block diagram, explain the IS-95 reverse link. (06 Marks) June-July
2019.

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 91

“Tell me and I Forget, Show me and I remember, Let me do and I Understand”
Dr.Dankan Gowda V M.Tech.,Ph.D
Dept. of E&CE B.M.S.I.T
Email: dankan.v@bmsit.in

Dept. of E&CE., B.M.S.I.T Bangalore Page Page 92