Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GIÁOTRÌNHREADINGLEVEL3
GIÁOTRÌNHREADINGLEVEL3
Đà Nẵng, 2018
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
CHAPTER 1: GRAMMAR
Lesson 1: Functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds 6
Lesson 2:Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives Followed
11
by a To-infinitive – Common verbs followed by a Gerund
Lesson 3: Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund -
15
Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
Lesson 4: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions (1) 19
Lesson 5: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions (2) 25
CHAPTER 2: VOCABULARY
Lesson 6: Comparison of Equality 31
Lesson 7: Comparatives 33
Lesson 8: Superlatives 36
Lesson 9: Other Structures of Comparison 39
Lesson 10: Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions 42
REFERENCES 83
INTRODUCTION TO TOEIC 4 SKILLS TEST
❶To-infinitive as a Noun
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. To succeed in finding a job is not easy.
Function:
2. The manager encouraged the employees to work hard.
Function:
3. My dream is to work for the HD Corporation.
Function:
4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants.
Function:
5. They need to solve the problem now.
Function:
6. Jean helped me to complete the report.
Function:
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago.
Function:
2. He exercises regularly to keep in shape.
Function:
3. The first thing to do is to have a meeting with the staff.
Function:
4. I am so glad to hear the news.
Function:
5. It is hard to find a place to park at this hour.
Function: _
6. The company downsized the workforce only to decrease its productivity.
Function:
❶Gerund as a subject
Working overtime is sometimes unnecessary.
Speaking English well will help you get a good job.
❷Gerund as an object
All of the employees enjoyed participating in the seminar. (Object of the verb enjoy)
Thank you for answering my question. (Object of the preposition for)
Gerund as a complement
His concern is expanding his business quickly.
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence then
point out its function in the sentence.
1. They suggested (get/getting) a new office.
2. (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun. _
3. (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money.
4. You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel.
5. (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected.
Consumers have the right to ask for a refund if the product is defective or of low
quality.
You will be able to purchase our goods and services online within a month.
II. COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
Verbs following some typical verbs below must always be in the form of a gerund.
These gerunds functions as the object of the verbs.
A. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. (sign) The CEO agreed the contract.
2. (review) You can take your time the checklists.
3. (increase) The interest rates are likely in the first quarter.
4. (relocate) The corporation wishes outside New York.
5. (lower) The manager promised the sales quotas for new dealers.
Date: August 10
Subject: Employee Awards Night
Mr. David
Hornsby 190
Broadway
Vancouver, BC
They started to work on the project. / They started working on the project.
Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings changed
Gerund To-infinitive
remember An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
forget An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
Give up/quit what one is doing/what
stop Make a break/pause in order to do sth
one does
try Experimenting Making an effort
regret An action that was done in the past An action that going to be informed
A. Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the underlined
parts.
1. Don’t forget to submit the application form. _
2. I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they called me.
4. We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review.
_
5. We all try to get the best results. _
yer,
o our records, your membership with California Fitness will expire in a few weeks. We would like to _ you with a s
18
LESSON 4
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC ACTUAL QUESTIONS (1)
19
LESSON 5
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC QUESTIONS (2)
Part 5: Select the best answer that completes each sentence.
Questions 7 through 10 refers to the following letter.
10
LESSON 6
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY
❶ The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are
equal in quantity or characteristics. The structure is as + adjective / adverbs + as.
The new machine is as expensive as the old one.
The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.
Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can.
Notes: not as / so …. as … is used to express that one person or thing is not
equal to the other.
My report is not as / so comprehensive as yours.
Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+noun) + as.
Nelly has the same dress as I do.
Nelly’s dress is the same as mine.
Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality
are nearly, almost, just.
The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.
A. Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence.
1. The new printer is as (effective / effectively) as the old one.
2. His suggestion was as (creatively / creative) as mine.
3. They are as (qualified / qualify) as Mr. Armstrong for this work.
4. The plan is going as (smooth / smoothly) as we thought.
5. Mr. Thomson entered the meeting room as (quiet / quietly) as he could.
6. Please deal with these customer complaints as (fastly / fast) as you can.
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. You should hand in the sales report to the boss as as possible.
A. quick B. quickly C. quicker D. quickest
2. This year’s salary increase is as as that of last year.
A. largely B. larger C. largest D. large
3. The upgraded computers run as as the new ones.
A. efficiently B. more efficiently C. efficient D. efficiency
4. Studies have proven that laborers work twice hours on average as
skilled professionals in any field.
A. as much B. more C. as many D. more than
5. In order to serve you best, we ask that you take the time to fill our questionnaire
in detail as possible.
A. as B. more C. as much D. as many
6. At this firm, young, motivated candidates who show enthusiasm have
value as experienced professionals.
A. a lot B. also C. as much D. as many
7. Piles of old newspapers must be stacked and tied as as possible
before being loaded into the truck and brought to the plant.
A. tight B. tighter C. tightly D. tightest
8. All persons who wish to register for the Skills in Marketing Workshop must
sign up at the main office possible.
A. as soon as B. as long as C. as much as D. as many as
9. You can take booklets as you need.
A. as much as B. as many as C. as many D. a lot of
10. He speaks English Elaine.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as much as D. as many as
LESSON 7
COMPARATIVES
Comparative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to say that two things are different
in quality or quantity.
❶Form
1. Regular comparatives
...-er more...
fast – faster (1 syllable) difficult – more difficult (more than 2 syllables)
busy – busier (2 syllable adjective carefully – more carefully (more than 2
ending in –y) syllables)
2. Irregular comparatives
good / well – better bad / ill – worse far – farther / further
many / much – more little - less
❷Meaning
To say that two people or things are unequal in a particular way.
Public transportation is safer than driving.
Rachel works better than most of her co-workers.
The new building is more beautiful than the old one.
Dennis examined the proposal more carefully than his supervisor.
Special expressions of comparatives
1. The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot are added to emphasize the comparative
structure.
The new program functions much better than the old one.
Our marketing team works even more efficiently than ever before.
2. The + comparative, the + comparative
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
The more salary you receive, the higher tax rate you have to pay.
–er / more … than expected / thought / scheduled / anticipated
Sales were higher than expected.
The components arrived earlier than scheduled.
Production was higher than anticipated.
A. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. Suburban residents would benefit from (cheaper / more cheap) transportation.
2. The demand for our new vehicle is (much / more ) bigger than we had expected.
3. The (quiet / quieter ) the engine is , the more passengers feel comfortable while
traveling.
4. Data processing has become (much / so) faster than ever before.
5. Tommy has (good / better) qualifications than the other applicants.
6. Credit cards are issued more (easier / easily) now than in the past.
7. Using two chemicals together produces much (strong / stronger) results than
using one of them.
8. The larger a company is, (less / the less) satisfied its employees.
9. Please complete the budget report no later (than / as) September 24.
10. The dinner at the restaurant was (more / most) delicious than anticipated.
B. Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective
or adverb given in brackets.
1. (high) The cost was they had said.
2. (soon) The meeting finished than we had though it would.
3. (carefully) You should review the report .
4. (greatly) The exports increased _ than we had expected.
5. (fast) The oil prices are going to increase _ now.
6. (much, serious) The traffic jam is before.
2. Irregular superlatives
good / well – better – the best bad / ill – worse – the worst
far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest many / much – more – the most
little – less – the least
❷Meaning& Use
Used to pick out one person or things as having a unique quality
She earns the most at her company.
Mary seems the most successful of all the applicants / of all.
He is the most intelligent guy I’ve ever met.
Spring Park is the closest park in this area.
Special expressions of superlatives
1. The adverbs by far and quite are used to emphasize the superlative adjective /
adverb.
He was by far the worst roommate.
2. One of the + superlative + plural noun, at least, at most, at best, and at the latest.
She is one of the largest girls in the group.
I can drink at least six glasses of water a day.
Please submit the survey by next week at the latest.
A. Complete each sentence with the correct superlative form of the adjective or
adverb given in brackets.
1. (small) The company developed laptop computer in the world.
2. (impressive) That was presentation.
3. (much) At least she worked at the company.
4. (bad) We had sales record this year.
5. (efficiently) I think he works .
6. (good) The offer quality seafood in the country.
The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied.
no later than The superior expects us to come in to work no later than 7:00.
no longer Mary no longer uses make-up.
no sooner … No sooner did Peter put the phone down than it rang again.
than
other than Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast
food.
rather than The demonstrator stood his ground rather than run away like
the others.
would rather … I would rather read a book at home than watch a movie at the
than theater.
❷The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace
the superlative form.
Comparative + than any other ….
This show is funnier than any other sitcom on TV.
* This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.
Have + never / hardly / rarely + been + comparative
Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.
No other …. / nothing + as + adjective + as
No other … / nothing + comparative + than
No other sitcom is as funny as this show.
When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.
A. Decide which of the choices A, B, C or D best completes the sentence.
1. Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its receipt
one week after the date of purchase.
A. No more than B. no later than C. No later as D. no more as
2. I would rather make the reservation now _ risk not getting a ticket
down the road.
A. than B. else C. whereas D. rather
3. Garson’s Manufacturing boasts in its advertisement that it can produce steel robs
_ than any other producer in the business.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
11
Bayside Aquarium
This pass allows the holder to use the Bayside Aquarium parking area for one
day. This pass should be displayed on the vehicle’s dashboard while in the
parking lot. Any vehicle not displaying a pass will be towed at the owner’s
expense. Please note that the parking area closes 45 minutes after the
museum closes, and all vehicles must be removed by that time. Also, all
passes must be given to the parking attendant upon leaving.
57
Concord fax machine
Thank you for purchasing a Concord fax machine. Designed for use in a home-
office or small-business environment, this laser fax machine delivers superior
output at an affordable price. The Concord fax has 512 kilobytes of memory and
it can store up to thirty pages in memory. Also, the Concord fax makes it
possible to use a single phone line for both the telephone feature and faxing at
the same time. Transmission is about three seconds per page.
To fax, make sure you insert documents face down. The Concord fax accepts a
variety of paper sizes. Adjust the paper guides to fit the width of your document.
Enter the fax number. Then press “FAX Start” on the right corner of the
keyboard. The display shows you the status of the line. Tomake copies, enter
the number of copies you want (up to 99) using the dial pad and press “Copy”.
LESSON 12
12
13
* The speakerphone you ordered is on back order. It will be sent out on January 27.
* Make all checks payable to Office Experts and send payment to the address above.
LESSON 14
14
72
73
The 7th Annual Robotics Technology Convention will be held at the
Imperial Palace Hotel from February 2 to 9. The daily agenda for the
convention will include information sessions with individual companies
in the morning, followed by speeches by leaders in the robotics
industry in the afternoons. On the weekend, practical workshops will
take place for people interested in learning about special topics related
to robots. Please be aware that advance registration is required in order
to participate in the workshops.
15
78
79
The purpose of this research, conducted by Gibbons Science Institute,
is to better understand how college students’ personalities develop.
The research also seeks to find out how they form relationships with
friends and romantic partners. Participation is voluntary. You are
asked to complete 50 questions on a survey. Your information is
confidential and will not be shared with other individuals or
organizations.
The goal of Wellness Hotel is to make our facilities the most respected and
popular in Thailand. Please help us to do this by filling out this questionnaire.
Excellent Fair Poor
Helpfulness of staff √
Condition of rooms √
Quality of food √
Services
* Installation
Excellent Good Poor
Ease of rescheduling installation time √ √
Preparedness of staff (equipment and materials)
* Problems
Excellent Good Poor
Satisfaction with the problem’s resolution √
Timeliness of response to a complaint √
* Overall Satisfaction
Excellent Good Poor
Overall quality of Service √