CHEMICAL BONDING . ons aud Louic Bonding ; Learning Objectives Be able to explain why and how ions are formed Be able to write the symbols and charges for ions Be able to explain how ionic bonds are formed Be able to calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ions using nuclide notation 1. From Atoms to ons ‘Use the word bank below to complete the text: If a metal and non-metal react they will form an made of ions, NOt nme lons are formed when atoms react and one or more transfers from one atom to another. This transfer of electrons happens so that the atom can become sun and have a filled outer shell like a <—~ se + /, le \\ Sigs Here the sodium atom loses one outer electron { (6 } {( ry and FOFMS a «seen ion, Na*. It becomes |\-— oe) positive as it now has one more positive / Se . compound. The compound will be (s) than negative electron. Positive ions are known as cations. Sodium atom Sodium ion (@» In this example the fluorine atom gains one outer | }] electron and forms a ion, Ft becomes negative as it now has one more 4 negative electron than positive proton. Negative ions are known as anions. 1 4 Sodium and fluorine now have an electron arrangement of 2, 8. This is the same as neon, 2, 8. Other than their charges how are sodium ions, fluorine ions and neon atoms different? © Classroom Chemist 2018 - present2. lon Formula ] Element | Symbot Metal / non- ton No. of electrons lon Electron: metal Formula transferred arrangement magnesium | Mg | metal Mg? 2 electrons lost. 2,8 chlorine cl non-metal ce 1 electron gained 2, 8,8 lithium LY mera | A ecAvON Lot, | oxygen © |non-merad Q* | 2eareCHOS gaina fluorine FE |non-rneral | Fi election oatwat aluminium | Ay | mexas Av? [Is gheervons \ot | 2, © 3. Subatomic Particles in lons and atoms Nuclide notation is a method to show Mass number 7 Charge [Protons [3 the atomic and mass number and, if Neutrons appropriate, the charges of the ion. Atomic number 3, Glectrons [2 Complete the table below: Atom/ “| atomic | Mass | No.of | No.of | No.of | Electron om Number | Number | Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | Arrangement: symbol 4 7 39. —c 20 -_ 7 15 7 ; oo 3 4 2 ge 8 16 2,8 \“4 © Classroom Chemist 2018 - present4, onic Bonding lonic bond \ Once ions have been formed the positive and + [INN negative ions are attracted together. This electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is the ionic bond. Sodium ion Fluoride ion The name of an ionic compound tells us the fons present. For example, sodium fluoride contains sodium, Na‘, and fluoride, F’, ions In your own words explain how the compound calcium oxide is formed from calcium and oxygen atoms. Include the.terms: atom, electrons, transferred, ion, negative, positive, electrostatic attraction, ionic bond How did you get on? Summarise what you have learned below Be able to explain why and how ions are formed Be able to write the | symbols and charges for ions (pick two metal and two non-metal ions) Be able to explain how Your answer to the above task will be used for this section ‘ionic bonds are formed Be able to calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in | ions using nuctide notation (use the ions chosen above) © Classroom Chemist 2018 - present* Name: Ionic Bond Worksheet Show how the following lonic Bonds form Hr: lowing the 3 step process we follow to showing how the bond forms. Potassium and lodine 1) Kk Tt 3) KI Calcium and Tellurium Ca:—2 "Te: (ca) TTY Cale Lithium and Phosphorus Strontium and Fluorine Cesium and Sulfur ‘Sodium and TodineName. Period Warm-Up Element Number of Number of ‘Ton formed _ Electrons _| Valence Electrons Potassium (K) Todine (1) “Phosphorus (P) —_ Magnesium (Mg) Learning the Criss-Cross Method (do the charges balance out?) Example 1; Potassium (K) + Iodine (1) Example 3: Calcium (Ca) + Oxygen (0) [Example 2: Potassium (K) + Oxygen (0) | Example 4: Magnesium (Mg) + Chlorine (C))Name Period Io Bonding - Practice Problems Complete the problems below to create the correct compound when both elements are bonded. 1) Calcium (Ca) + Sulfur (S) 2) Magnesium (Mg) + Oxygen (0) 3) Boron (B) + Phosphorus (P) 4) Calcium (Ca) + Oxygen (0) 5) Sodium (Na) + Phosphorus (P)6) Potassium (K) + Oxygen (0) 7) Sodium (Na) + Oxygen (0) 8) Sodium (Na) + lodine (1) 9) Boron(B) + Nitrogen (N) 10) Potassium (K) + Nitrogen (N) 11) Aluminum (Al) + Chlorine (C1)