F U N C T I O N

O F S T R U C T U R E
結 構 的 功 能
 WHAT IS
“STRUCURE” ?

What is the func9on of the structure?

•  Building Structure is comprised of pillars, beams and
9e-beams made of reinforced concrete or iron, etc.
•  To support and transmit various loads.
•  Loads that are sta9c or dynamic.
Sta9c Loads:
Loads that are applied slowly to a structure and do
not change quickly.
Dynamic Loads.
Loads that are applied suddenly to a structure, oNen
with rapid changes in
magnitude and point of applica9on

pyramid
TAIPEI
101
STRENGTH OF THE STRUCTURE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES

•  Force per unit area : N/mm2, lbs./in2 or

Mpa
•  A structure fails if :
•  stress > capacity of the material to
resist
•  strain is so great that it no longer
fulfills its function

stress = ​𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒/𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 

strain = percentage extension
LOAD CASES

•  loading conditions may change

from time to time

•  varies with architectural design,

materials, and location

•  Dead load: weight of structural

elements

•  Live load: movable objects +

external forces
 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

•  understand the forces on a structure and

how that structure will resist them.

•  for a structure to be stable all the all

forces must be in equilibrium
STEPS IN ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
HORIZONTAL DISPOSITION
PRINCIPLES RELATED TO FUNCTION
1. Under this category, we study the need for adjacency.

2. Similarity in general rule

3. Relatedness to
departments.
Goals and
Systems.
4. Sequence in Time

5. Required Environments
a.  Furniture Types
b.  Need for view
c. Need for Ceiling Height or d. Access to ground or roof
Shape e. Need for vents or exhaust
f. Poten9al for contamina9on
g. Asset to public image
h. Revenue produced

i. Rela9ve weight
j. Noise produced – by
Gymnasiums, Music,
mechanical rooms.
k.Vibra9on –
machinery
l. Wet dry
•  Wet-laboratories,
toilets, kitchen
•  Dry-offices
m. Trash produc9on
(food prepara9on,
dishwashing)
n. Rela9ve visual
clu`er
o. Odor produc9on

7. RelaJve Proximity to Building
8. Relatedness to Core AcJviJes
Examples: SIX INNOVATIONS IN AIRPORT DESIGN
a.  Central Terminal with remote c. Central Terminal with Pier
satellite Concourses

b. Central Terminal with remote d. Linear Unit Terminal
concourses


e. Mu9ple Unit Terminal





f. Central Terminal with Remote AircraN


9. CharacterisJcs of People
Involved

10. Volume of People Involved

11. Extent of Man or Machine Involvement
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
 VERTICAL GROWTH
THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN ESSENTIALS OF THE STRUCTURE
•  The Invisible Structure
 THE VISIBLE STRUCTURE
1.  FORM MASS or volume or evidence of the 3 dimensions

•  direc&on - ver9cal or horizontal axis of the mass
•  shape- geometric quali9es

2. SURFACE AREA - surface with two dimensions as in a facade

of a building

•  texture- surface treatment iden9fied with materials
whether rough or smooth
•  tone - light and shade caused by openings, projec9ons
•  color - inherent or applied color caused by spectrum hues

FORM

MASS
1. VISUAL PROPERTIES OF FORM
a. Shape b. Size

c. Color d. Texture
e. PosiJon
f. OrientaJon
g. Visual inerJa

1.  our perspec9ve or angle of view

2. our distance from the form

3. ligh9ng condi9ons
4. the visual field surrounding the form

PRINCIPLES OF COLOR AND THE COLOR WHEEL
TYPES OF COLOR
ISHTAR GATE. 604-562 BCE
PALACE OF XERXES. 550-330 BCE