Week 2 Tutorials -Activity Family:

Students are to research for questions given below and submit tutorial answers in drop box link provided in
Moodle.
Learning Outcome:
At the end of the sessions students will be able to:
a) Describe the different perspectives of a family
b) Explain family dynamic,
c) Discuss how family issues can have impact on the socio-economic and health status of a family

Activity One: Family Role and functions

1. Illustrate seven types of family structure. (depicting relationship within the family members)
 Nuclear family - The nuclear family is the most common family structure. This family consists of
two parents and their children. The nuclear family has long been held up as the best setting for
raising children. Children in nuclear families benefit from the security and strength of a two-
parent family, and they often have more options due to the financial ease of two parents.
 Single parent family - consists of a single parent who is solely accountable for one or more
children. This family could be made up of a single mother and her children, a single father and
his children, or a single person and their children. The single-parent family marks the most
significant change in family structure in human history. Finding childcare when only one parent
is at home might be difficult. In many circumstances, this limits income and prospects, despite
the fact that many single-parent households receive help from relatives and friends.
 Extended family - a group of two or more people who are related by blood or marriage and live
in the same residence. This family consists of several relatives who live together and collaborate
to achieve common goals such as child rearing and domestic chores. In extended families, living
cousins, aunts or uncles, and grandparents are prevalent.
 Step family - Despite the fact that more than half of all marriages end in divorce, many people
prefer to remarry. As a result, a step or blended family is formed, with two independent families
joining forces to form a new one. This group includes a new husband, wife, or spouse, as well as
their children from past marriages or partnerships. Step families are almost as frequent as
nuclear families, but they come with their own set of challenges, such as adjustment periods
and disciplinary issues. Step families must learn to work together as well as with their ex-
spouses to ensure that these family units function properly.
 Childless families - While most people associate family with children, some couples are unable
or unwilling to have children. Because it does not satisfy society's usual expectations, the
childless family is often referred to as the "forgotten family." Two married couples who live and
work together make up a family without children. Many childless couples adopt pets or keep in
close contact with their nieces and nephews.
 Cohabitation - is having a sexual relationship with someone without marrying them. Around 60%
of all marriages in today's globe are preceded by a period of cohabitation. It is also an
alternative for interfaith couples who are unable to marry due to financial or societal
constraints. It is increasingly socially accepted to engage in sexual engagement prior to
marriage.
 Same sex married family - The 2014 Couples Act permits gay and lesbian couples to marry in
their own gender. Under this statute, same-sex couples are entitled to marriage privileges,
property rights, pension benefits, and inheritance rights. It also creates parental responsibility
for the children of a married couple.
2. Identify a traditional and modern family
- A traditional family is a family unit consisting of a man, a woman, and one or more biological or
adoptive children. The man and woman in most traditional homes are husband and wife.
- A modern family consists of Only the parents and their children live in this nuclear family.
Furthermore, the level of respect shown to the elderly varies.

3. Explain the functions of family listed below.

I. Affection - a strong desire to enjoy and care about someone or something Natural traits such as
affection and love, for example, are required to ensure family harmony and progress. Because
they love their children, parents are compelled to make sacrifices in raising them, doing home
activities, and meeting financial needs.

II. Security - The primary goal of family safety is to keep one's personal safety from being
jeopardized. A key requirement is to protect the family against criminals, natural catastrophes,
conflicts, and warlike occurrences. For example, don't drink and drive, and keep sharp things out
of reach of youngsters. To put it another way, security refers to the family's ability to safeguard
its members.

III. Acceptance - means that you accept and tolerate the disparities between you and your family
relationship. Acceptance fosters a positive atmosphere in the home. Living with and appreciating
the uniqueness of others is what acceptance entails. It's an important part of your relationship
with a close relative. It can also help you and your family adjust to the new situation. For
example, family members should accept their LGBT children as they are. As a result, the family's
love and support for the child will be demonstrated.

IV. Identity - It's who you are, how you think about yourself, how the rest of the world sees you, and
the characteristics that define you; it's who you are, how you think about yourself, how the rest
of the world sees you. Family identity can help families validate their beliefs, create a buffer
against peer pressure, and set goals for their children, in addition to offering a sense of
belonging. As a child matures and enters adolescence, his or her home environment has an
impact on his or her identity, including who and what functions family members perform. A
person's name is an example of identification.

V. Self-esteem - It is easier to tackle life's challenges when one feels good about oneself .
Families who have faith in their own capacities to succeed are more likely to succeed. A strong
sense of self-worth is the foundation of a happy family. As a result, the family should be able to
meet the four components of self-esteem that the family values: self-confidence, identity, sense
of belonging, and competence.

VI. Sense of belonging - emphasizes the interdependence of children with others and the necessity
of relationships in the formation of identities Being and becoming are inextricably linked because
 belonging influences who  children are and can become. A strong sense of belonging to the
family will assist children in developing life skills that will enable them to make the best decisions
as adults. Children, for example, have a tendency to become friends with people.

VII. Socialization - The process of socialization shapes a family's cultural and personal identity. A
family is one of the organizations that introduce a kid to cultural, physical, psychological, and
environmental identities or behaviors, as well as the environment, which are all important
socialization variables. The most influential factor in a person's personality development is his or
her family. For example, our parents implant in us values, standards, and ideals based on their
own social status, religion, ethnic group, and other factors.

VIII. Social control - The family establishes standards and expectations that all members must adhere
to. These rules and regulations are a form of social control. The family instills in the youngster
the value of adhering to social norms. It exercises control on its members in order to attain the
intended goal. This has a direct impact on the members' conduct. When one person has direct
social control over another person because of their proximity, this is referred to as direct social
control. Family members, for example, create diverse ways of life, behavioral habits, and
conventions. The mechanism family employs them to coerce others to follow the group's
customs, cultural norms, and patterns.

IX. Reproduction - In terms of reproduction, the primary job of the family is to secure the survival of
society, both physiologically through procreation and socially through socialization. The basic
objective of the family, according to the parents, is procreation: the fundamental task of the
family is to create and socialize children.

X. Economic - A family is defined as a group of two or more people who live together and are
connected by blood, marriage, common-law union, adoption, or other means. Everyone who is a
member of a census family is also a member of an economic family by definition. Families
require funds to purchase the goods and services they require. Indirectly, the parents supply
goods and services to other families, which aids in their financial support. If you have a family,
you will need financial assistance. A range of items and services are required for children. A
family, for example, requires money to provide for food, sanitation, and education.

a) For each function listed above explain how it is provided and who usually provided it.
- The answer has been explained above.

b) Explain what can happen to an individual in the family if some of the basic function are not provided
to them – (provide example) which also can affect the family and the community.
- It can have a negative impact on family members; for example, if a family member's educational
needs are not met, he or she will be unable to attend school.
Activity Two.
1. Explain Matriarchal and Patriarchal family that are present in our society.
- Matriarchy - is a term used to describe a society in which women, primarily mothers, control
politics and property. A female-dominated family, society, neighborhood, or state, on the other
hand, is not the gendered opposite of patriarchy. Matriarchy is a social organization in which the
mother is the family's leader and the mother's clan's offspring are tracked down the female line.
- Patriarchy - Male dominance in a partnership refers to the rule and dominance of the males in
the partnership. This is a feminist viewpoint that views the family as an oppressive system that
prevents women from reaching their full potential. Men rule and make all of the rules in a
patriarchal society, while women stay at home and care for the children. When the family name
is derived from the father, patriarchy is evident. The father is the head of the household and has
authority over women and children in this social structure.

2. Each family is a social system. Illustrate with diagram how a family can be a social system of their own.

3. Elaborate on the following family theories.

a) Family system theory - The family unit, according to family systems theory, is a complex social system in
which individuals interact to influence one another's behavior. Because family members are so interwoven,
it's best to look at the system as whole rather than individual components.

b) Family Developmental Theory - is interested in the regular and regulated transitions that families go
through as they grow up. In this context, the term "family" refers to a social group that includes at least one
parent-child relationship. Social factors are used to organize and manage the family group.

c) Bio ecological theory - According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, human development is a transactional process in
which an individual's progress is influenced by interactions with various aspects and sectors of their
environment.

Activity three: Family Dynamics

 1. Identify the role and functions of the individual member in the family

 A mother's role is to safeguard and nurture her children while also supporting them in maturing into
responsible adults. The mother's constant presence and guidance in her children's lives helps them
develop positive traits like love and compassion for others. In addition to doing chores, she works and
earns money for the family on a part-time basis.

 Fathers’ role: Fathers, like mothers, play a critical role in the emotional development of their children.
They also look to their fathers for a sense of security, both physically and emotionally. They work to
support the family financially and to participate in family decision-making.

 Older sibling: The older brother or sister should give his or her younger brother or sister compliments
and support, have an impact on the academic success of their younger brothers and sisters Younger
siblings may be encouraged to succeed by older siblings or may be able to help them with schoolwork
or other academic duties. The oldest child is sometimes expected to take on the most responsibilities.
Older siblings are more likely to look after younger siblings, take on more responsibilities, and have
higher standards of behavior. They may also aid or participate in family decision-making, as they share
duties with their parents.

 Younger sibling: In comparison to their older siblings, they can get away with a lot more. They're also
the most entertaining, and they're continually trying to get their parents' and other family members'
attention. No matter how old they are, the youngest child is always referred to as the baby.

a) Different cultural perspectives - It refers to the impact of culture and society on a person's view and
perspective. It is also the point of view through which each individual perceives the same situation. This is an
important topic in the social sciences since it is required to evaluate how an individual or group perceives
something in light of their cultural and societal standards. Individuals are influenced by their surroundings, as
well as social and cultural influences, according to cultural viewpoints. Such criteria include nationality,
ethnicity, and gender.

b) Personal experiences/observation - Experiences hampered knowledge gained via participation in or

exposure to a specific process or event. You go through the situation in an experience, but in an observation,
you detach yourself from it and set yourself above it, allowing you to get a more objective image of it.

2. Power in the family - who will have the “power’’ in the family

I. Describe two types of “ power ‘” in a family

- Expert: This is the ability to know something or to be an expert in a certain field. In my house,
for example, I have authority because I know how to feed people and operate the oven.
 - Referent: This is the power of a person's personality. If I admire you, I want to win your
admiration, thus I will give you authority over me. For example, my children look up to me and
aspire to be as kind, powerful, and loving as I am.

II. Explain why it is necessary for a nurse to know who has the power in the family

Activity 4:

1. Explain why a family is regarded as a client for the community health nurse.
- Family and personal relationships are critical in determining the prevalence and frequency of
sickness. Community/public health nurses rely largely on relationships within families and with
other personal partners in order to prevent, track, and document illness processes.

2. Describe the roles and function of the individual member of a family in the health care system
- Family members have an important role in patient care, including decision-making, aiding the health-care
team with treatment administration, enhancing patient safety and quality of care, assisting with home care,
and meeting the patient's family and society's expectations.

3. Elaborate on the following statement by giving example:

a) Health care decision are made within the family - Primary care doctors understand that having a
conversation with a woman can have a big impact on the entire family's health. Family members, for
example, play an important role in surgery and treatment overseas.

b) Health care occurs in families - It permits relatives of patients to make medical decisions for their loved
ones in the absence of a living will. You will, for example, offer medical care to your parents if they fall ill.

c) Health care is the responsibility of the families - The patient and, if applicable, family members are
responsible for providing the physician and hospital personnel with correct and complete information
regarding the patient's current medical problems, prior illnesses and hospitalizations, medications, and other
health-related matters. When a family member is admitted to the hospital, for example, visitors should not
bring outside food.

d) Families are the significant member of the health care team - Improved relationships between healthcare
professionals and family members benefit all parties: healthcare professionals can use family members'
knowledge, family members are better equipped to perform their care tasks, and patients receive better care
because formal and informal care are closely correlated.

4. Elaborate on the following statement of the nurse’s role and function and give example
a) Provide help for the promotion of health within the family: It is a system of planning, administering, and
evaluating health care that is built on mutually beneficial partnerships between patients, their families, and
health care providers.

b) Meet family health needs: Family interactions have a significant good and negative impact on health. A
loving and close-knit family provides emotional support, financial security, and betters overall health.

c) Manage health problems within the context of the community & family: assist the community and families
in managing their health in order to stay healthy and active. This can be accomplished through raising health-
related awareness.

d) Work collaboratively with families to develop strategies to improve health: Working effectively with
families to address health concerns for example, conducting a workshop or raising community awareness.