Philippine Literature Final

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PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
Patrina Kaye N. Caceres, LPT, BA

Glenda B. Tupaz, DA
Ronna Jean Agamon, LPT, BA
Cheryl Abria-Medino, LPT, MAED
Harriette Mae A. Mercullo, LPT, ME
Printed by:
Languages and Literature Department

Eastern Visayas State University
Tacloban City, Philippine 6500
September 2020
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Course Description
Philippine Literature is a literature course focusing on a survey of literatures from the
different regions of the country. It is designed to provide students with a basic
understanding of poetry and prose through different literary types published in
different historical periods of the Philippines. This course will be an avenue to
develop thinking and communication skills through literary expression.
Philippine Literature is a three-unit course that develops literary awareness and
enhances historical, regional, and cultural understanding through literary reading and
creating. Students will be able to use the knowledge, skills, and insights they gain
from this course in their other academic endeavors, especially those that must deal
with communication and analysis.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the semester, students will be able to:
KNOWLEDGE:
1. Identify and describe the different literary genres, periods, trends, authors, and
texts from different Philippine regional traditions.
2. Define and use common literary and linguistic techniques.
SKILLS:
1. Produce effective poetry or prose that adheres to the standards of written
language, especially in English.
2. Understand and comprehend texts read through effective literary reading
techniques.
3. Write critical analyses of read literary texts.
4. Perform literary activities with confidence.
VALUES:
1. (Critical thinking - THINK) Adapt open-mindedness and critical-thinking in
understanding of ideas.
2. (Creativity - WRITE/CREATE) Appreciate the different genres of literature
as well as be involved in the literary writing and creating processes as ways to
improve communication skills.
3. (Confidence - SHARE) Gain confidence by honing literary skills.
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About the Module
This module is divided into four learning modules, and each module has learning
objectives and has a few lessons. Each lesson is generally comprised of the Title,
Enabling Activity 1, Enabling Activity 2, the Discussion, Formative Task 1,
Formative task 2, the Main Task, and the Evaluation. These parts are called Topic,
Practice, Think, Learn, Explain, Connect, Create, and Assess, respectively. After the
end of each of the four modules, reflection questions and summative activities to
check student understanding are featured.
To fully reap the benefits of this module, it is advised that the student follow through
with the chronological arrangement of activities. It is not advised to skip tasks. This
module has been written with the idea of self-directed learning (SDL) in mind, where
the student can go through it at an own pace, however, the professor will still set
deadlines for each of the lessons so as to ensure an effective facilitation of the
teaching and learning process.
Following are the contents of this module in Philippine Literature:

Module 1
a. Introduction to Literature
b. Philippine Literary History
c. Region 1 Ilocos
d. Region 2 Cagayan Valley
e. Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
Module 2
a. Region 3 Central Luzon
b. National Capital Region (NCR)
c. Region 4 Southern Tagalog
d. Region 5 Bicol
Module 3
1. Region 6 Western Visayas
2. Region 7 Central Visayas
3. Region 8 Eastern Visayas
4. Region 9 Western Mindanao
Module 4
1. Region 10 Northern Mindanao
2. Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
3. Region 11 Southern Mindanao
4. Region 12 Central Mindanao
5. Region 13 CARAGA
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Acknowledgment
The literary works of Philippine authors are manifestations of the diversity, vastness,
and knitted artistry of our very own culture worthy of praise and emulation. These are
shown in the carefully selected literary pieces from the different regions of the
Philippines. It is on this note that our hearts teem with joy as we contributed brilliant
insights in the development of this module. Embarking on such academic stride is
quite challenging but we braved it all; not even the pandemic can put a hiatus to our
dedication and passion in sustaining tertiary instruction.
Sincerest gratitude and appreciation are expressed to the ones who are the reasons
behind the completion of this module. We are filled with overflowing gratefulness to
the writers in Philippine Literature from whom we got varied perspectives and
premises that contributed to the authors’ synergy in bringing out the best reflections
of the human psyche embedded in the literary pieces which are reflective to the life
and culture of the region they represent.
Notably, Virgilio R. Samonte, Amador Daguio, Máximo D. Ramos, Bienvenido N.

Santos, Paz Marquez Benitez, Paz M. Latorana, Luis G. Dato, John Iremil G.
Teodoro, Rene Estella Amper, Iluminado I. Lucente, Miguel A. Bernard, S.J.,
Leoncio Deriada, Jose Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala III, and the local cultures whose
folk literature have been featured here.
For the inspiration and constant prodding, our Languages and Literature Department
(LLD) family, words are not enough. Just the same, thank you. Our administrators
for the incessant motivation, undying support, and guidance.
Our families who support us amid stress and tiredness. Aries Mercullo and Aiyisha
Mercullo for the inspiration. Atty. Imelda G. Nartea, forever angel, for leaving a
legacy of the love for literature, and Thorben Velner, for the encouragement.
Philippine Literature students in 2019-2020, BSID-1B and BSHM-2A for the amazing
initial year in EVSU. Ralph Medino for the unwavering support and love. Finally, to
the Author of lives, for giving continued strength and spiritual guidance, the highest
glory and honor are given.
Glenda, Ronna Jean, Harriette Mae,

Patrina Kaye, and Cheryl
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Table of Contents
Title Page . . . . . . . . . i
Course Description . . . . . . . . ii
Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . ii
About the Module . . . . . . . . iii
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . iv
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . v
Module 1 . . . . . . . . . 1
Overview of Literature . . . . . . .
1
Philippine Literary History . . . . . . . 5
Region I (Ilocos) The Other Woman . . . . . 9
Region II (Cagayan Valley) The Legend of Bernardo Carpio . .
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CAR (Cordillera Autonomous Region) The Life of Cardo . . . 15
The Wedding Dance . . . . . . . 19
Module 2 . . . . . . . . . 21
Region III (Central Luzon) Youth . . . . . 21
NCR (National Capital Region) The Transfer . . . .
25
The Flowers of May . . . . . . . 27
Region IV (Southern Tagalog) A Night in the Hills . . . 30
The Small Key . . . . . . .
32
Region V (Bicol) The Spouse . . . . . . 34
The Quarrel of the Volcanoes . . . . . 37
Module 3 . . . . . . . . . 39
Region VI (Western Visayas) Morning, Puerto del Mar, Isla Guimaras .
39
Region VII (Central Visayas) Letter to Pedro . . . .
44
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) An Hinigugma . . . .
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Region IX (Western Mindanao) The Legend of the White Goat . . 50
Module 4 . . . . . . . . . 53
Region X (Northern Mindanao) Manila and Byzantium . . . 53
ARMM (Autnomous Region of Muslim Mindanao) Poems of Tausug .
57
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Region XI (Southern Mindanao) I Vialed the Universe . . . 60
Region XII (Central Mindanao) Song of My Seven Lovers . . . 64
Region XIII (CARAGA) Heart of Summer . . . . . 67
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . 72
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Module 1
INTRODUCTION
This module introduces the meaning of literature, as well as its genres,
functions, and elements. There are definitions of different literary terminologies to
give the student an overview of what literature is and why there is a need to study it.
Philippine literary history is outlined and explained, and representative literary works
of the Northern regions of the Philippines are likewise discussed.
ACHIEVE (Learning Outcomes)

At the end of this module, the student will be able to:
1. Define literature, as well as its types and functions
2. Discuss the different elements of a short story
3. Identify the main characteristics and trace the development of Philippine literary
history
4. Unlock unfamiliar vocabulary words
5. Synthesize and effectively discuss ideas.
Lesson1
TOPIC: Overview of Literature
PRACTICE
What is and is NOT literature?
Put a check mark on the space before the number of items you think are
literature.
1. Spolarium by Juan Luna
2. Florante at Laura ni Francisco Balagtas
3. Running with Ghosts and Other Poems by Merlie Alunan
4. Philippine Constitutional Law Volume 1 by Hector S. De Leon et.al
5. Tinikling
6. Dekada ‘70 ni Lualhati Bautista (nobela)
7. Kundiman
8. Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal
9. Ang Koran
10. The Colorful Vintas of Zamboanga
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THINK
Why do you think is Philippine Literature a part of your course curriculum? (Answer
in three sentences or more.)
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LEARN
Literature has expressed the world for millennia. Literature is literally “an
acquaintance with letters” and comes from the Latin word litera meaning an
individual written character or letter. Literature expresses ideas and feelings of
people that may be true (literature of knowledge) or just a product of the writer’s
imagination (literature of imagination). Literature serves many functions, two of
which are entertainment function, also known as “pleasure reading”, where literary
works are consumed for one's enjoyment, and academic function, where literary
works are consumed to achieve academic requirements.
Literature is divided into poetry and prose. Prose is defined as spoken or
written language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure. Poetry is expression
of emotion, ideas, or narrative, usually in metrical form structure and has a distinctive
style and rhythm. Furthermore, prose can be divided into fiction and non-fiction.
Fiction describes imaginary events and people while non-fiction is based on facts, real
events, and real people.
Types of Prose
1. Novel
2. Short Story
3. Play
4. Legend
5. Fable
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6. Anecdote
7. Essay
8. Biography
9. News
10. Oration
Types of Poetry
1. Narrative Poetry – narrates details in life following a chronological order,
either real or imaginary
a. Epic - Example: Hudhud ni Aliguyon
b. Metrical Tales - Example: Hero of the Fields by Al Perez
c. Metrical Romance
d. Ballad
2. Lyric Poetry – any short poem, traditionally a kind of poetry meant to be sung
to the accompaniment of a lyre but now refers to any poem that expresses
emotions and feelings of the poet
a. Haiku
b. Ode
c. Elegy
d. Sonnet
3. Dramatic Poetry – tells stories just like narrative poetry but presented as
dialogues of plays, characterized by repeating rhythms, and other poetic
elements. Balagtas is one of the most prolific dramatic poets in Philippine
Literature.
EXPLAIN
1. Think of one more function of literature and describe it in your own terms in three
or more sentences.
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2. What is meant by this phrase “reading for reading’s sake”? Answer in three or
more sentences.
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CONNECT
Go to this link https://quizlet.com/87470197/test and answer the short quiz
then input your score percentage here ________ .
Go to this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RCFLobfqcw and watch
the video for an interesting explanation on what studying literature is for.
CREATE
Write a haiku that describes yourself. (You may write it in any language that
you are comfortable with.)
ASSESS (Haiku-Writing Rubric)

Category 3 2 1 Point
s
Spelling and No errors in Minimal spelling Many spelling
grammar spelling and mistakes and/or grammar mistakes and/or
grammar errors grammar errors
Sensibility and Haiku talks about Haiku talks about oneself Haiku is written in
poetic oneself with use but does not employ plain language
language poetic language poetic language
Mechanics Clearly follows the Did not follow the 5-7-5 Is not a haiku
5-7-5 meter meter but can still be
mistaken as a haiku
TOTAL ________
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Lesson 2
TOPIC: Philippine Literary History
PRACTICE
Encircle the terms from the word list in the word search box. (Do note that
spaces are not included in the word search box thus the terms new democracy and
new society are spelled newdemocracy and newsociety.)
https://thewordsearch.com/puzzle/1359078/
THINK
1. How are literature and history similar? (Answer in three or more sentences.)
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2. How are literature and history different? (Answer in three or more sentences.)
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LEARN
Here are the periods of Philippine Literary History:
Pre-Hispanic – characterized by oral tradition and influenced by the Malay and
Indones. Dates back from the beginning of Philippine history to 1565.
Hispanic Period (1565-1872) – characterized by regional themes in literature.
Propaganda Movement and the Revolutionary Period (1872-1903) – literary
works showed nationalistic themes and revolutionary voices.
American (1903-1941) – saw the emergence of Philippine literature in English with
democratic and independent themes
Japanese Occupation (1941-1944) – free verse became the most prominent form, but
the haiku was also introduced.
Liberation Movement and Period of Maturity (1946-1960) – literary works in
Filipino and English became apparent. The Palanca Awards for Literature was
established in 1950.
The Republic (1960 to 1970) – the government took part in reviving the old plays
like the Cenaculo, Zarzuela and the Embayoko of the Muslims. Radio plays and
dramas were patronized and Philippine films started to flourish.
The Age of Activisim (1970-1972) – youth activism was due to domestic and
worldwide causes. The youth turned to the streets to seek reforms for the ills of
society.
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New Society (1972-1975) – Martial Law began. Themes of writings during this
period focused on the environment, drug addiction, proper nutrition, pollution, and
family planning.
New Democracy or Contemporary Period (1986 to present) – characterized by
freedom of expression and the flourishing of Philippine literature
Literature and history have similarities and differences but the two are
interrelated. All written history is literature but not all literature is history because
some literature are products of the writer’s imagination or fictional. History is made
up of events that really happened or are factual. Events that are written down become
part of true literature. Thus, literature can be considered as part of history. Likewise,
the historical inspirations of a race, as well as the dominant feelings and aspirations of
a time, and the customs and traditions of a people will be reflected in its literature.
EXPLAIN
1. Which period in Philippine literary history do you find most intriguing and why?
(Answer in three or more sentences.)
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2. Imagine yourself as an aspiring writer in your most intriguing literary period, what
would you talk about in your prose or poetry? (Answer in three or more sentences.)
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CONNECT
Go to this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhKyuw9cm5A and watch the
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video from TVUP that features a professor talking about literature and heritage.
Which part of his talk did you find most noteworthy?
CREATE
Online Panel Discussion
Your professor will group your class into ten groups (one group per literary
history period) and you will record a group call/conference that will become your
online panel discussion output. Talk about three concepts which you think are most
important to talk about from your assigned topic. Submit your written output in PDF
format to your professor.
ASSESS (Online Panel Discussion Rubric)

Category 3 2 1 Points
Knowledge Group shows a Shows a moderate Shows an insufficient
remarkably high degree degree of degree of topic
of topic knowledge knowledge knowledge
Communication Highly effective Effective degree Fair level of
and Analysis communication skills of communication communication skills
skills
Group Cohesion There is a high level of Generally Many of the members
cooperation in the cooperative do not engage in the
group members discussion
Written Output Clear, substantial, and Paper’s substance The paper is not
organized paper could have been organized, is not
improved substantial and
concepts are unclear
Total ________
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Lesson 3
REGION I
ILOCOS
Topic: The Other Woman by Virgilio R. Samonte
THINK
You will encounter these words in the story. Match the word with its meaning
by drawing a line to connect the two items. (Please do not use a dictionary. This
activity is to test your prior vocabulary knowledge.)
a. bleak * roof-like covering
b. enshroud * devoted
c. clatter * loud rattling
d. beady * echoing sound
e. twang * conceal
f. canopy * frightful
g. ghastly * depressing
h. ardent * deep sympathy
i. compassion * nasal tone
j. resounding * with beads
* expression
LEARN
The Setting in a Story
The setting in a work of fiction involves time, place, and circumstances like
social rank and the like. The setting may be the physical place of the story, the typical
customs and traditions of a place or region, or it may describe the typical mental
attitudes of the location or time. The setting is usually introduced in the beginning of
the story. This literary element gives context as to why the characters act the way
they do. The setting can also create the mood of the story and it makes it easier for
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the readers to understand the nuances of the characters and make them understand
where the characters are. Without a well-imposed setting, the readers will not be able
to follow the storyline.
The Other Woman

Virgilio R. Samonte
Virgilio R. Samonte is from Laoag, Ilocos Norte. He won third prize in

the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature in 1954-1955 for his short
story, The Other Woman. He was also a writer for the former Sunday Times
Magazine and the Philippine Press. The Other Woman follows the love and
care of an aging wife to her dying husband despite his philandering. In the end,
another woman confirms her love to the sick man.
Go to this link https://stories-in-the-sand.blogspot.com/2007/07/other-woman-by-

virgilio-samonte.html and read the short story. Answer the questions below after
reading. (You can also find the short story on pages 7-13 in the book Philippine
Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and Cañete.)
EXPLAIN
1. What was the mood created by the setting of the story?
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2. How are the relationships of the characters in the story?

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3. What made Nana Cora move to San Nicolas?

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CONNECT
Go to your class group and share your thoughts whether you liked or did not
like the short story.
CREATE
Produce a video monologue that recreates a scene from the short story. First choose a
character whom you are going to portray (you can portray a character who is different
from your gender), write a short script for your monologue then submit your script
and video output to your professor.
ASSESS (Monologue Rubric)

CATEGORY 3 2 1 POINTS
Speech, Voice Speech was very Pronunciation was Many lapses in
and audible and clear but voice needs pronunciation but
Pronunciation pronunciation was to be louder voice was loud
clear enough
Role Delivery Role played was Role played was not Basic role delivery
very convincing that convincing
Structure and Monologue was very Innovative but can Ordinary structure
Organization innovative use some and organization
improvement
Total ________
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Lesson 4
REGION II
CAGAYAN VALLEY
Topic: How Earthquakes are Formed (The Legend of Bernardo Carpio)

ACHIEVE
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Define the terms myth and legend
2. Identify the elements of a story in the literary piece read
3. Research about a myth or legend in their locality
THINK
Answer the crossword puzzle below that features some words that you will
encounter in the selection later on.
ACROSS DOWN
2 With 1 A place of
none of great disorder
6 Being 3 Be
perceptive apprehensive
7 4 Being
Exceptional excessively
ability proud of one’s
LEARN abilities,
appearance,
A myth is a classical or legendary story that
etc.
focuses on a hero or event or explains phenomena 8 5 Two
with no scientific basis. The characters in myths are Contending persons

with an considered as
usually gods, goddesses, heroes, supernatural beings,
adversary or joined together
and humans possessing magical characteristics. A
opposing (ex. married
legend is a story about events that have not been force pair)
proven or documented as real history. It is a
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classification of myth that tells about the possible beginnings of people, things,
events, etc. All legends are myths but not all myths are legends.
What Causes Earthquakes (An Ibanag Myth: The Legend of Bernardo Carpio)
Y Paggafuanan na Lunig
Your professor will give you a copy of this literary piece. You may also visit this link
https://literarycompilationbyrejean.weebly.com/region-ii.html Answer the following
questions after reading the myth.
EXPLAIN
1. Describe Bernardo Carpio’s parents.
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2. Describe the development of Bernardio Carpio from childhood to adulthood.

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3. Did he deserve what happened to him when he challenged God? Why or why not?
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CONNECT
Read the online discussion about myth at https://literaryterms.net/myth/
and answer this online quiz https://literaryterms.net/myth-quiz/
CREATE
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Research about a myth or legend about or from your hometown. Then submit an
output of the paraphrased myth or legend to your professor.
ASSESS (Paraphrasing Rubric)

Details All the important Some important Lacks a lot of
details have been details have been left important details
included out
Grammar and There are no There are some There are a lot of
Composition grammatical mistakes grammatical mistakes grammatical
and composition is but is still mistakes and is
clear understandable difficult to
understand
Own words Output has been Output seems The myth or legend
clearly paraphrased paraphrased but lacks is in its original
consistency phrasing
TOTAL ________
Lesson 5
CORDILLERA AUTONOMOUS REGION (CAR)
Topics: The Life of Cardo and Wedding Dance, short stories by Amador Daguio
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PRACTICE
Draw concepts from the hub. When you hear the word story, what is it that
comes into your mind?
story
THINK
Before you study the lesson, can you tell me what makes you happy today?
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LEARN
We all have stories to tell. It can be about anything under the sun. A short
story is a type of prose which talks about narratives and tell a story. You have stories
to tell in as much as your classmates have theirs. Now, what are the elements of a
short story?
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Setting. The time and place in which the story takes place
Conflict. The opposition of forces which ties one incident to another
and makes the plot move. Can either be internal or external conflict
or both.
Plot. Refers to sequence of events in the story or how the writer
arranges events
Character. The individual characters in a work of fiction
Point of View. The angle of vision of the narrator
Theme. This denotes the central idea or belief embodied in the story
The Elements of Plot

The plot sequences events in a story. The narrator has to sequence ideas for
the reader to grasp what the story is all about. The figure below shows the
components of Plot:
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Amador T. Daguio is a writer and an educator who was born in 1912 in
Laoag but grew up in Baguio City. He is an award-winning writer for fiction
and poetry. He died on April 26, 1966.
Now, watch this video https://youtu.be/HS3J19DFiQA which is a short film

adaptation of the short story The Life of Cardo by Amador Daguio.
EXPLAIN
After watching the video, answer the following:
1. What is the story all about?
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2. In one word, DESCRIBE Cardo and explain your answer
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3. Why do you think do people hate him but babies smile at him?
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4. Expound on this line by Cardo:

“Is there something in life so good so beautiful that we can never know?”
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5. What is the lesson of the story?

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CONNECT
Go to this link http://igorotblogger.com/2007/06/short-story-wedding-dance-
by-amador.html and read another short story by Amador Daguio. As you read the
story, focus on the short story element that is conflict. (You can also find the short
story on pages 277-283 in the book Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga
and Cañete.)
CREATE
Write a short descriptive essay (with introduction, body, and conclusion) about
the internal and external conflicts that you have noticed in Wedding Dance.
ASSESS (Descriptive Essay)

Content Clearly states main Main idea is clear but Main idea is
idea and there are there are not enough unclear and there
enough supporting supporting details are not enough
details supporting details
Critical Clearly states the Point of view is Does not clearly
Viewpoint writer’s point of implied but there is no state writer’s
view. No swerving swerving of discussion point of view
of discussion points points
Development Shows a well- Shows an organized Poorly organized
organized essay essay with use of essay without any
with effective use transitions transitions
of transitions
Grammar and There are no errors There are a few errors There are a lot of
Composition in grammar and in grammar and errors in grammar
spelling spelling and spelling
TOTAL ________
REFLECT
Talk about your learning experience in Module 1. What learning/s is/are most
relevant to you? Were you able to acquire the learning objectives?
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MODULE 2
INTRODUCTION
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This module features literary works from Regions 3, 4, and 5 and the NCR.
Poems on life and love, as well as stories depicting realistic events will be read and
analyzed. The meter and symbolism as elements of poetry are focused on; while the
character, plot, and the conflict as elements of fiction are focused on.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Understand the elements of poetry.
2. Summarize and interpret the stories read
3. Create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials
4. Value the importance of theme in poetry and prose.
Lesson 1
REGION III
CENTRAL LUZON
Topic: Youth by Maximo D. Ramos
THINK
Count the number of syllables of these words
1. knowledge
2. childhood
3. memories
4. development
5. life
6. generation
7. death
LEARN
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Meter in poetry is the element that shows the number of syllables there are in
every line of a poem. Sometimes, the meter is the same all throughout. The effective
us of meter for the lines makes a poem sound good or have a nice rhythm.
Youth
Maximo D. Ramos
Maximo D. Ramos was a teacher, writer, and editor. He was born in

San Narciso Zambales in 1910. His first published work was about folk
beliefs his hometown and he explored stories from his childhood in his later
works. He took his MA in English at the Indiana University on the Hugo H.
Miller Scholarship. He was the former Head of the English Department of
Philippine Normal University then became the Dean of the College of Liberal
Arts of the University of the East. His work as a Ph.D. student from the
University of the Philippines made him famous as the Dean of Philippine
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EXPLAIN
A. Explain these phrases from the poem according to your understanding.
1. coming forth from God
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2. mother’s breast
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3. sinewiness of growth
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4. loved one’s cheek
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5. April suns and showers
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6. dimming down
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7. going back to God
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B. Identify the meter of each line of the poem

Stanza 1
Line 1 (They have…) _____
Line 2 (Of the…) _____
Line 3 (The sweetness…) _____
Line 4 (The ringing…) _____
Line 5 (The feel…) _____
Line 6 (Of April…) _____
23
Stanza 2
Line 1 (And these…) _____
Line 2 (The quiet…) _____
Line 3 (And the…) _____
Line 4 (Of the…) _____
Line 5 (To God…) _____
CONNECT
Go to this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjJ11LIxIvA and watch a reading
of a poem that has a similar theme to the poem Youth.
CREATE
Write a poem about youth inspired by the poem that you have just read and the
video you have just watched.
ASSESS (Poem-writing Rubric)

grammar spelling and mistakes and/or mistakes and/or
grammar grammar errors grammar errors
Sensibility and Poem talks about Poem talks about Poem is written in
poetic language youth with use youth but does not plain language
poetic language employ poetic
language
Mechanics Very effective use Effective use of Not that effective
of meter meter use of meter
Total ________
24
Lesson 2
NCR
Topics: The Transfer by Bienvenido N. Santos and

The Flowers of May by Francisco Arcellana
PRACTICE
You will encounter these words in the two stories. Find their meanings in the
dictionary.
1. diocese
2. archery
3. pews
4. resplendent
5. acolyte
6. vesper
7. sultry
8. dialect
9. girdle
10. vernacular
25
LEARN
The Transfer
Bienvenido N. Santos
Bienvenido N. Santos is a Philippine-born American novelist, poet,

short story writer, autobiographer, memoirist, and essayist. He was born in
1911 in Manila, Philippines but worked for the Philippine government in exile
in the United States during the Japanese invasion. He is best known for his
short stories and novels that explore the Filipino-American experience.
Your professor will provide a copy of the short story. You may also find it on
pages 313-319 of the book Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and
Cañete. You will be reading mostly descriptive paragraphs about the setting and the
characters.
THE CHARACTERS IN THE STORY
MR. CONRADO
FATHER SIMPLICIOARABIA
RUIVIVAR
BISHOP
EXPLAIN
1. What do you think of Father Simplicio Ruivivar?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
26
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How do you find Mr. Conrado Arabia, being the Chairman of the Catholic Action
Committee (CAC)?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Is the transfer to Malabo, the best decision of the Bishop?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
Go to your browser and read or watch about characters in fiction, especially
about the protagonist and the antagonist. Read the short story Flowers of May by
Francisco Arcellana and focus on the characters while reading. Your professor will
give you a copy of the story, however, you may find it in pages 323-328 of the book
Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and Cañete.
The Flowers of May

Francisco Arcellana
Francisco Arcellana was born in Tondo, Manila. He graduated with a

Philosophy degree from the University of the Philippines and became a faculty
member of the same. He was a writer, critic, and teacher, and is one of the
most important pioneers of the modern Filipino short story in English.
27
CREATE
Create a character profile of one the characters below after reading.
VICTORI
A
PEPENG MOTHER
SIBLINGS
Fill in the template below for your character profiling.
28
What does your
character look like? What does your
Use adjectivesto character say?
Drawing of Character
describe him/her
What are the significant

actions done by or
events that happen to
the character?
ASSESS (Character Profile Rubric)

Character The character is The characters is The character is not
Description being shown clearly described but needs described
through descriptions. more details. effectively.
Character Quotes that reveal the Quotes are given but Quotes have not
Quote character’s they do not reveal the been presented.
personality are given character’s
personality
Character Showing the Showing the Do not reveal the
Actions character’s character’s character’s
personality and personality but does personality and
development not show development
development
Character The drawing is an The drawing is good The drawing does
Image excellent enough and shows not give justice to
representation of the some details the character
character
29
TOTAL ________
Lesson 3
REGION IV
SOUTHERN TAGALOG
Topics: A Night in the Hills by Paz Marquez Benitez

The Small Key by Paz M. Latorena
LEARN
30
CLIMAX
RISING FALLING
ACTION ACTION
INTRODUCTION DENOUEMENT
Illustration above is that of the plot sequence. Starting with the introduction or
the exposition where the date, place of the story, the characters and their social
position, historical setting, and initial actions are revealed. The rising action reveals
the complication or conflict in the story. The climax in a story is the turning point and
is often the most exciting and interesting part. The falling action is where the tension
is released and the story winds down. The denouement is the conclusion of the story
where everything has been wrapped up and loose details have been tied up.
A Night in the Hills

Paz Marquez Benitez
Paz Marquez Benitez is from Lucena, Tayabas. She finished her

bachelor’s degree from the University of the Philippines and was editor of the
Woman’s Journal for many years.
The short story, A Night in the Hills will bring us to know six very important
persons that play equally important roles in the entire story. You are given 15
31
minutes as your Reading Time then complete the sentences below. Write your
answers on the space provided. Go to this link https://www.idealreads.com/a-night-
in-the-hills/ to read the short story (You can also find the short story on pages 83-90
in the book Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and Cañete.)
EXPLAIN
A.
1. Gerardo Luna is known to be as __________________________.
2. Gerardo Luna’s wife gave him an advice with this trip with Ambo. Her advice was
___________________________________________.
3. He invited Gerardo Luna to go the forest. He is _______________ and he is an
___________ gatherer.
4. Who is Sotera?___________________. Ate Tere?______________.
5. She was Gerardo Luna’s fiancée. What is her name?____________.
B.
1. Describe the setting of the short story.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why did Gerardo want to go to the forest?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Did Gerardo regret his visit to the forest?

_____________________________________________________________________
32
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
Go to this link http://thesmallkey.blogspot.com/ and read the short story The
Small Key by Paz M. Latorena. Talk to your classmates online about the story.
The Small Key

Paz M. Latorena
Paz M. Latorena was born in Boac, Marinduqe. She took her college in
UP and UST. She was a writer from a very young age and died in 1956. She
was a contributor for the former Herald Mid-Week Magazine. The Small Key is
one of her best works.
This story is about a Filipino couple living in a rural area and the kind of
relationship they have. The wife named Soledad was very jealous of the memory of
her husband’s first wife who passed away. The husband, Pedro Buhay kept a small
key at his late wife’s trunk. His keeping of the small key was the start of the conflict.
CREATE
A. Write down at least five (5) SYMBOLISMS you have encountered reading the
story The Small Key.
33
B. Fill in the table below tracing the plot of The Small Key
PLOT
INTRODUCTION RISING ACTION CLIMAX FALLING ACTION DENOUEMENT
Lesson 4
REGION V
BICOL
Topics: The Spouse, a poem by Luis G. Dato

The Quarrel of the Volcanoes
THINK
1. What are your thoughts about marriage?
34
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What are your thoughts about friendship?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
LEARN
In this lesson, you will read a poem that talks about marriage, and a folktale
from Bicol that talks about friendship.
The Spouse
Luis G. Dato
Luis G. Dato is from Baao, Camarines Sur and he was born in 1906. He
was a Filipino writer, politician, and educator. He was one of the first
generation of Filipino poets of the twentieth century and he was famous as a
romance poet. He served as town mayor for two terms.
35
EXPLAIN
1. Describe the kind of relationship that the husband and wife have?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Paraphrase the narrative of the poem.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
36
3. What is the symbolism of the rose in the first line?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Predict the kind of future that the couple will have.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. What is the message that you got from the poem?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
Go to this link https://luisgdato.com/tag/love/ and read one of Dato’s other
love poems. What similarities or differences does this poem have with The Spouse?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
37
CREATE
Your professor will provide a copy of the folktale entitled The Quarrel of the
Volcanoes from the Bicol Region. Read it and take note of the narrative and the
thematic development of the story. (A copy of the story can be found on page 123 of
the book Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and Cañete.)
CHARACTERS
PLOT PLUS
CONFLICT AND
HOW THE
STORY ENDS
THEME AND LESSON

LEARNED
Create an essay that talks about the interrelatedness of the elements of the
story above.
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
38
ASSESS (Essay-Writing)
of transitions
TOTAL ________
REFLECT
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
39
MODULE 3
INTRODUCTION
This module covers and discusses literary works from Regions 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Poetry and prose are featured. Poetry elements like figures of speech and imagery are
put into context for student understanding. Likewise, the relatedness of legend and
culture is discovered.
ACHIEVE (Learning Objectives)

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Be familiarized with the unfamiliar vocabulary words.
2. Understand the message and elements poems read
3. Understand and connect to the writer’s point of view and the sequence of prose
read.
4. Imaginatively create literary pieces.
Lesson 1
Region VI
WESTERN VISAYAS
Lesson 6
TOPIC: Morning, Puerto del Mar, Isla Guimaras
PRACTICE
Compare and contrast life in the city and life in the province. List down the
characteristics/attributes that you can associate with living in the city and living in the
province in the matrix below.
Life in the City Life in the Province
40
LEARN
Morning, Puerto del Mar, Isla Guimaras
John Iremil E. Teodoro
John Iremil Erine Teodoro was born in Maybato Norte, San Jose de Buenavista,
Antique on November 14, 1973. He is a writer, literary critic, and cultural
scholar. He is a pioneer in Philippine gay literature and is the most published
author in Kinaray-a to date.
41
EXPLAIN
1. List down the images evident in the poem.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the figure/s of speech utilized in the poem? Elaborate the meaning of
each.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
Go to www.dictionary.com and find the literal meaning of these words used in the
poem. Write down the literal meaning from the dictionary and the connotative
meaning of the words from the poem. Notice the similarities and differences of word
use.
Word Literal Meaning Connotative Meaning
cove
desolate
blissful
Reclining
custodian
42
CREATE
Write a short essay about the message that the poem wants to convey to the
readers.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
43
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
ASSESS (Essay)
of transitions
TOTAL ________
44
LESSON 2
REGION VII
CENTRAL VISAYAS
Topic: Letter to Pedro, U.S. Citizen, Also Called Pete by Rene Estella Amper
PRACTICE
“The Interpreter”
Make your own interpretation of the picture above. Write three or more
sentences.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
LEARN
Letter to Pedro, U.S. Citizen, Also Called Pete
Rene Estella Amper
45
Rene Estella Amper is from Boljoon, Cebu. He studied Philosophy at
University of San Carlos and South Western University where he took up his
study for Medicine. He is a member of “Diliman Writers Workshop” and
contributed a lot of literary pieces in our country and won the Second Palanca
Prize in 1989.
Your professor will provide the copy of the poem or you may go to this link to read it
https://www.wattpad.com/210798121-letter-to-pedro-u-s-citizen-also-called-pete-by
EXPLAIN
A. Vocabulary Check. Give the meaning of the words below
1. feeder _________________________________________________________
2. agony _________________________________________________________
3. cockpit _________________________________________________________
4. barbed _________________________________________________________
5. overhung _________________________________________________________
6. whore _________________________________________________________
7. wheelbarrow
_______________________________________________________
8. slingshot _______________________________________________________
B. Understanding Check
1. Describe the location of the poem.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why did his friend wrote a letter to Pete?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
46
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CREATE
Write a letter to the author about how you feel after reading the poem.
ASSESS (Letter-Writing)
CATEGOR 3 2 1 POINTS
Y
Focus Clearly states point of Implies but does not Does not
view clearly state point of clearly state point of
view. view.
No swerving points of
discussion No swerving points Swerving points of
of discussion discussion
Content Clearly states the Moderately states the Does not state the
content of the piece content of the piece. content of the piece.
Describes the supporting Describes the Does not describe

details in the paragraph supporting details in the supporting details
and with effective the paragraph and in the paragraph and
illustrative details with illustrative with no illustrative
details details
Organization Compelling a high Compelling an Poor organized

organized manner of the organized manner of manner of the
paragraph effective use the paragraph use of paragraph, no
of transitions and transitions and good transitions and with
effective conclusion of conclusion of the poor or weak
the paragraph paragraph conclusion of the
paragraph
Language The use of appropriate The use of The use of slang or
Rules grammar within the appropriate grammar informal language in
paragraph, excellent within the paragraph the paragraph and
word choice and and good word poor word choice
sentence structure choice and sentence and improper
structure sentence structure
0-1 errors in: Grammar
Punctuation 2-3 errors in: 4-more errors in:
Proper capitalization Grammar Grammar
Proper Spelling Punctuation Punctuation
Excellent Word Choice Proper capitalization Proper capitalization
47
Proper Spelling Proper Spelling
Excellent Word Excellent Word
Choice Choice
TOTAL ________
Lesson 3
REGION VIII
EASTERN VISAYAS
Topic: “An Higugma” by Iluminado I. Lucente
PRACTICE
“An tunay nga paghigugma ha gius makikita”
True love is seen in one’s action.
- Winaray Proverb on Love
Comment on the proverb above. Express your thoughts in three or more sentences.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
48
LEARN
“An Higugma”
Iluminado I. Lucente
Iluminado I. Lucente is a Filipino writer who writes poetry and drama

in Waray language and one of the finest writers of his generation in Winaray.
He is famous for Siday, a Waray version that is similar to the other poems.
Siday entails a profound representation of emotions through rhymes and meter.
This kind of poem is preferred to be read orally to grasp the message of the
poem and with a moral lesson in the end.
Matahum nga mulayan han aton kasing-kasing

Kay amo an kalipayan nga guinbibiniling
Nga kulaus nahatag haim hin mga katam-isan,
Balitaw ha adlaw-gab-i danay pagtinangisan.
Han aton kinabuhi amo ini an tuyo

Kay kon waray higugma, waray man pagmayuyo,
Ugaring kay an higugma kay diri maparalit…
Linupad, linupad ngan dri na mabalik.
EXPLAIN
1. What is the tone of the poem?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
49
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What implications can we get from the poem “An Paghigugma” ?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What are the forms of love that manifest in the poem or “siday”?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. After reading the poem “Paghigugma”, what insights can you draw from it?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
CREATE
As you unfold the meaning of the poem, share your interpretation of
“paghigugma” or “love” through a poem. You may choose to discuss any form of
love, may it be parental love, couple love, unconditional love, or even unrequited
love.
ASSESS (Poem-writing Rubric)

Sensibility and Poem talks about Poem talks about Poem is written in
50
poetic language youth with use youth but does not plain language
poetic language employ poetic
language
of meter meter use of meter
Total ________
Lesson 4
REGION IX
WESTERN MINDANAO
Topic: The Legend of The White Goat
PRACTICE
Write down a short narrative of a legend that you have read about or heard of.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
.
LEARN
The Legend of the White Goat
In the early years of Zamboanga, there was once a family who had
a beautiful young daughter, this girl loved to entertain herself by
wandering around in Mount Pulongbato, however her parents forbade her
to go to the mountain because of her beauty, they fear that something may
happen to their daughter.
But, stubborn as youth, she ran off towards the mountain once
more, because she couldn't resist.
51
Having too much fun she lost track of where she was, as the night
approached she was still trying to find her way back, but was unable,
having run out of options, all she had left to do was sit down and cry.
A few moments later a mythical Nymph appeared, the nymph
pitied her because she was lost and was crying, but she knew that if
somehow she managed to get back home she couldn't come back,
because her parents wouldn't let her, so out of sympathy the nymph
transformed her into a White Goat, so that she could live and in the
mountain.
Ever since then people who lived near the mountain could hear the
sound of a white goat who seemed to be having fun.
EXPLAIN
1. Does the main character remind you of yourself? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Explain how the title connects to the story.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Did you like the resolution of the story? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
52
Go to this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYTgYhc7d04 and follow
the narrative of the legend. Also research more legends so as to have more inspiration
in creating your very own legend.
CREATE
Write a short legend about anything that piques your interest. Follow the
sequencing in fiction.
ASSESS (Story-Writing)
Content Clearly the Story elements are Story elements
different elements clear but there are not are unclear and
of a story and there enough supporting there are not
are enough details enough
supporting details supporting details
organized story story with use of story without any
of transitions
TOTAL ________
REFLECT
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
53
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Module 4
INTRODUCTION
This module tackles on different literary pieces from Regions 10, 11, 12, 13
and the ARMM. The essay is discussed and oral literature as depiction of identity is
dealt with. While symbolism and metaphor are focused on in the poems discussed.
Likewise, symbolism in short story is also dealt with, as well as the setting and
conflict.

After this module, the students will be able to:
1. Comprehend the concept of the essay and express their insights on certain issues
through the essay
2. Broaden their vocabulary skills.
3. Analyze the meanings of and literary devices used in the poems read
4. Have more appreciation of local folk literature.
5. Identify and explain the symbolisms used and themes present in the story
Lesson 1
REGION X
NORTHERN MINDANDO
54
Topic: Essay (Manila and Byzantium, Miguel A. Bernard, S.J.)
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Arrange the following scrambled words that you will find in the essay.
1. uagnil acanrf
2. shilgne
3. nialoloc
4. nematlity
5. ytilanoitan
LEARN
Manila and Byzantium
Michael A. Bernard, S.J.
Miguel Bernard is a Filipino Jesuit, literary critic and Ph.D. holder from
Yale University. He has written several articles for international magazines.
Many of his essays are included in Philippine Literature
Go to this link https://mspatsperous.wordpress.com/2020/08/21/manila-and-

byzantium-by-michael-a-bernard-s-j/ to read the essay or you can go to pages 231-234
of the book Philippine Literature (2008 edition) by Balanga and Cañete.
EXPLAIN
A. Vocabulary Check. Give the meaning of the underlined words below.
1. masterpiece in English _____________________________________________
2. intrinsically impossible _____________________________________________
3. sign of subservience _____________________________________________
4. expatriates in America _____________________________________________
5. signify either subservience
_____________________________________________
55
6. Manila and Byzantium
_____________________________________________
B. Comprehension Check
1. What was the author’s point of view?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to distinguish the essence of the lingua franca in literature?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What did you feel after reading this essay?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CREATE
Write an argumentative essay that supports or contradicts the ideas of the
essay entitled “Manila and Byzantine”.
56
ASSESS (Essay Writing)
Y
Focus Clearly state the writer’s Implies but does not Does not
point of view clearly state the clearly state the
writer’s point of writer’s point of
No swerving points of view. view.
discussion
No swerving points Swerving points of

details details

paragraph
57
structure sentence structure
0-1 errors in: Grammar
Choice Choice
TOTAL ________
Lesson 2
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
Topic: Tarasul – Poems of Tausug
THINK
How do you think is culture passed on through literary works?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
LEARN
The Tausug belongs to the Moro ethnic groups of southwestern Philippines.
They live primarily in the Sulu Archipelago, mainly in the Jolo island cluster. There
58
are, however, significant migrant (or immigrant) communities of Tausug
in Malaysia and Indonesia, particularly on the northeastern coast of the island
of Borneo. You may read more about the ARMM from online sources.
Tarasul are poems of the Tausug. They are both entertaining and pedagogical.
Although part of oral tradition, they are also written down. Topics of the tarasul are
various-nature, cooking, love, among others.
Original Language English Translation

1. In ulan iban suga The rain and sun
Kagunahan ha dunya Are essential on earth,
Apu' Banuwa Oh, Apu' Banuwa ["grandfather chief" or angel
In jambangan tulunga. Michael]
Help the garden.
2. Manggis iban buwahan The mangosteen and the lanzones
Kasusuban sin katan; Are the delight of everybody;
In marang iban duyan The marang and the durian
Bungangkahuy manaman. Fruits are tasty.
3. Tarasul ini iban daman This tarasul and daman
Ganti' pamintangan Serves as a lesson
Ha pasal ina' subay kalasahan Concerning the obligation to love one's mother
Di ha dunya ganti' patuhanan. Since she is God's representative on earth.
4. Mabugtang agun in baran ku My whole being seems paralyzed
Pasal sin raybal ku. [Thinking] of my rival.
Hangkan no aku di' no magkadtu The reason I no longer pay [her] a visit
Sabab landu' susa in atay ku. Is that my heart is grieving much.
EXPLAIN
1. Why do you think is it important to call on the divine about matters on earth as
shown in the first tarasul?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What effect does the description of the fruits in the second tarasul have on you?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
59
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How do you think is a mother God’s representative on earth?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What narrative is depicted in the fourth tarasul?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
CONNECT
Learn more about Folk Literature of the Muslim Mindanao communities at
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-
communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-communities/folk-literature-
of-the-muslim-cultural-communities/
CREATE
Create a poem that teaches a lesson. You may write it in any language that
you are comfortable with but you must translate it into English.
ASSESS (Short Poem-Writing)

Sensibility Poem teaches a Poem teaches a lesson Poem is written in
and poetic lesson with use but does not employ plain language
language poetic language poetic language
Mechanics Very effective use Effective use of meter Not that effective use
60
of meter and and rhythm of meter nor rhythm
rhythm
TOTAL ________
Region XI
SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Lesson 3
Topic: I Vialed the Universe by Leoncio Deriada
PRACTICE
“Picture Interpretation”
Source: world.wng.org
61
Draw out a possible description and/or interpretation that you can attribute to
the picture shown. Write a 3-5 sentence paragraph on the space provided.
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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LEARN
I Vialed the Universe
Leoncio Deriada
Leoncio Deriada was born in Iloilo City and raised in Davao City. He
studied his bachelors degree at the Ateneo de Davao University and at Xavier
University for his Master’s in English. He received his PhD in English and
Literature from Silliman University in 1981 where he became a professor and
later on chairperson of the English Department. He won 13 Palanca Awards
and is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of the Philippines
Visayas, where he heads the Sentro ng Wikang Filipino.
62
EXPLAIN
Understanding Check
1. What does the phrase “vialed the universe” signify?
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2. Explain the meaning behind the lines “and laughed at the concentrated Gods” and
“the Genie escaped with His halo of riddles” ?
63
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Main Task
In an essay form, give your analysis about the poem. Include in your
discussion the literary devices used and their relevance and impact to the entirety of
the poem. Write your answers on the space provided. You will be graded accordingly
by the rubric in the next page.
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ASSESS (Poem Analysis)
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Understanding Clearly Seems to Understand some No understanding
understands the understand most parts of the poem
poem of the poem
Analysis Insightful and Describes some Lacks in Has trouble
accurate elements relatedness of identifying
description of the accurately elements and elements in the
poem emotion poem
Interpretation Creative Reasonable Identifies literal Difficulty in
interpretation of interpretation of meaning and the interpreting
literary devices literary devices connotative meaning of the
meaning poem
Language No errors in Minor errors in Several Readability and
64
Mechanics grammar, language use mechanical errors understandability
sentence but still are significantly
structure, and understandable affected by
spelling mechanical errors
TAKE-AWAY
What are your insights about atheism? In your own opinion, is religious affiliation
necessary especially during this time of pandemic?
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Lesson 4
Region XII
CENTRAL MINDANAO
Topic: Song of My Seven Lovers translated by Frank Labauch
PRACTICE
What comes to mind when you read the title of the poem? Draw your
thoughts in the space provided.
65
LEARN
Song of My Seven Lovers is a lyric or song of the Muslim-Filipino. Way back
then, the genre of the literary pieces was more on courtship, marriage,and other
ceremonies. It is one of the popular lyrics in Lanao, translated by Dr. Frank C.
Laubach that was a missionary at that time.
Song of My Seven Lovers

Translated by Frank Laubach
66
Go to this link to read the poem https://whatisliterature001.blogspot.com/p/song-of-my-
seven-lovers.html Your professor will also provide a copy for you.
EXPLAIN
1. Who is the persona speaking in the poem?
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2. How does the persona describe its experiences about love?

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3. Explain this line “He did not dare to tell his love”.
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4. How was the lyrical poem for you?

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5. If you will be given a chance to talk to the author, what would you say?
67
_____________________________________________________________________
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6. What is your best stanza in the poem? Why did you choose it?
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CREATE
Imagine that you are one of the seven lovers and the poem was read to you.
Write a poem response to the persona in the lyric.
ASSESS (Poem Response-Writing)

Sensibility and Poem is a Poem is a response Poem is written in
poetic language response with use but does not plain language
of poetic employ poetic
language language
of meter and meter and rhythm use of meter rhythm
rhythm
Total ________
Lesson 5
Region XIII
CARAGA Region
Topic: Heart of Summer Jose Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala III
68
PRACTICE
Write a narrative essay about your unforgettable experience during summertime.
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LEARN
Heart of Summer
Jose Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala III
69
José Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala, popularly known as Joey Ayala,
was born on June 1, 1956 in Bukidnon Philippines. He was known as a folk
and contemporary pop music artist in the Philippines. His major contributions
in the Philippine Literature are his songs which promoted environmental
awareness and arts education from ancestral roots to new artistic routes of
musical expression advocating for the protection of the environment and the
conservation of natural resources. He has won many awards such as the Awit
award for best Folk-pop recording to his song Karaniwang tao, best musical
arrangement for his song Maglakad etc.
Go to this link to read the short story

https://mspatsperous.wordpress.com/2020/08/21/heart-of-summer-by-jose-inigo-
homer-lacambra-ayala-iii/ (You can also read the story on pages 267-272 of the book
Philippine Literature (2008) by Balanga and Cañete.)
EXPLAIN
1. Describe the setting of the story.
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2. What type(s) of conflict(s) is/are present in the text?

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3. What are some symbolisms used in the story. Explain the meaning of each.
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70
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CONNECT
Research more about the writer of Heart of Summer and think about how his
life is reflected in the short story, or not.
CREATE
Write a thematical analysis of the story on the space provided below.
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71
_____________________________________________________________________
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ASSESS (Essay Writing)

Y
Focus Clearly state the writer’s Implies but does not Does not
point of view clearly state the clearly state the
writer’s point of writer’s point of
No swerving points of view. view.
discussion
No swerving points Swerving points of

details details

paragraph
0-1 errors in: Grammar structure sentence structure
Choice Choice
TOTAL ________
REFLECT
72
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73
Bibliography
Alayon, Rejean, https://literaryterms.net/setting/ Accessed 15 August 2020
Amper, R. E. (n.d.). Word Press. Retrieved from Word Press:
https://mgracereoperez.wordpress.com/bm-14214-letter-to-pedro/ phil lit WordPress. (n.d.).
Retrieved from WordPress: https://mgracereoperez.wordpress.com/bm14214-letter-to-pedro
Antiessays. Heart of Summer by Jose Jose Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala III, 2012,
https://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Heart-Of-Summer-152465.html. accessed 14 August
2020
Balanga, Gerald Jayson, and Marivic Cañete, 2008. Philippine Literature. Plaridel, Bulacan.
St. Andrew Publishing House.
DepEd Supervisors and Educators, 2003. Iguindadasig nga Kabilin han Sinirangan Visayas.
Candahug, Palo Leyte: Department of Education .
Ponce, Ligaya, M.K. Morallos, R. Romero, and L. Tabang, 2008. Ang Panitikan ng Pilipinas
sa Bawat Rehiyon. Plaridel, Bulacan. St. Andrew Publishing House.
Benitez, Paz Marquez, https://www.idealreads.com/a-night-in-the-hills/ 21 August 2020
Bilig, Bill, 2007 http://igorotblogger.com/2007/06/short-story-wedding-dance-by-
amador.html Accessed 21 August 2020.
Bryo, Michael, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjJ11LIxIvA 21 August 2020
https://literarycompilationbyrejean.weebly.com/region-ii.html 17 August 2020
Caceres, Patrina Kaye 2020 https://mspatsperous.wordpress.com/2020/08/21/heart-of-
summer-by-jose-inigo-homer-lacambra-ayala-iii/ Accessed 22 August 2020
Caceres, Patrina Kaye, 2020 https://mspatsperous.wordpress.com/2020/08/21/manila-and-
byzantium-by-michael-a-bernard-s-j/ Accessed 22 August 2020
Castillom, Sphero, https://stories-in-the-sand.blogspot.com/2007/07/other-woman-by-virgilio-
samonte.html 15 August 2020
Deriada, Leoncio P. Ideal Reads, 2018, https://www.idealreads.com/i-vialed-theuniverse/
Accessed 14 August 2020.
Dictionary, 2020, http://www.dictionary.com/ 8 August 2020
E Notes, https://www.enotes.com/topics/bienvenido-n-santos/critical-essays/santos-
bienvenido-n-79769 Accessed 22 August 2020
Gov PH, https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-
philippines/francisco-arcellana/ Accessed 22 August 2020
Gov PH https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-
communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-communities/folk-literature-of-the-
muslim-cultural-communities/ 22 August 2020
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Ibo, Gian Gabriel B. Philippine Literature. 12 December 2016,
http://region13writerjoeyayala.blogspot.com/2016/12/philippineliterature.html#:~:text =Jos
%C3%A9%20I%C3%B1igo%20Homer%20Lacambra%20Ayala,the%20improveme nt%20of
%20the%20environment.&text=He%20is%20a%20finalist%20of%20Philop%2 0Music
%20Festival%202013. accessed 15 August 2020.
Igloria, Luisa A. Three Filipino poems: John Iremil Teodoro and Rebecca T. Añonuevo,
2011,
https://qarrtsiluni.com/2011/04/25/three-filipino-poems-john-iremil-teodoro-andrebecca-t-
anonuevo/ accessed 14 August 2020
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https://ilonggowriters.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/ accessed 15 August 2020.
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August 2020.
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muslim-mindanao.html Accessed 16 August 2020
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lovers.html Accessed 24 August 2020
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75
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Philippine Literature Final

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Philippine Literature Final

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1

Patrina Kaye N. Caceres, LPT, BA

Languages and Literature Department

Following are the contents of this module in Philippine Literature:

Notably, Virgilio R. Samonte, Amador Daguio, Máximo D. Ramos, Bienvenido N.

Glenda, Ronna Jean, Harriette Mae,

ACHIEVE (Learning Outcomes)

ASSESS (Haiku-Writing Rubric)

ASSESS (Online Panel Discussion Rubric)

Topic: The Other Woman by Virgilio R. Samonte

The Other Woman

Virgilio R. Samonte is from Laoag, Ilocos Norte. He won third prize in

Go to this link https://stories-in-the-sand.blogspot.com/2007/07/other-woman-by-

2. How are the relationships of the characters in the story?

3. What made Nana Cora move to San Nicolas?

ASSESS (Monologue Rubric)

Topic: How Earthquakes are Formed (The Legend of Bernardo Carpio)

with no scientific basis. The characters in myths are Contending persons

2. Describe the development of Bernardio Carpio from childhood to adulthood.

ASSESS (Paraphrasing Rubric)

The Elements of Plot

Now, watch this video https://youtu.be/HS3J19DFiQA which is a short film

4. Expound on this line by Cardo:

5. What is the lesson of the story?

ASSESS (Descriptive Essay)

ACHIEVE (Learning Outcomes)

Topic: Youth by Maximo D. Ramos

Maximo D. Ramos was a teacher, writer, and editor. He was born in

B. Identify the meter of each line of the poem

ASSESS (Poem-writing Rubric)

Topics: The Transfer by Bienvenido N. Santos and

Bienvenido N. Santos is a Philippine-born American novelist, poet,

THE CHARACTERS IN THE STORY

3. Is the transfer to Malabo, the best decision of the Bishop?

The Flowers of May

Francisco Arcellana was born in Tondo, Manila. He graduated with a

Fill in the template below for your character profiling.

What are the significant

ASSESS (Character Profile Rubric)

Topics: A Night in the Hills by Paz Marquez Benitez

A Night in the Hills

Paz Marquez Benitez is from Lucena, Tayabas. She finished her

2. Why did Gerardo want to go to the forest?

3. Did Gerardo regret his visit to the forest?

The Small Key

Topics: The Spouse, a poem by Luis G. Dato

2. Paraphrase the narrative of the poem.

4. Predict the kind of future that the couple will have.

5. What is the message that you got from the poem?

THEME AND LESSON

ACHIEVE (Learning Objectives)

2. Why did his friend wrote a letter to Pete?

Describes the supporting Describes the Does not describe

Organization Compelling a high Compelling an Poor organized

Topic: “An Higugma” by Iluminado I. Lucente

Iluminado I. Lucente is a Filipino writer who writes poetry and drama

Matahum nga mulayan han aton kasing-kasing

Han aton kinabuhi amo ini an tuyo

2. What implications can we get from the poem “An Paghigugma” ?

ASSESS (Poem-writing Rubric)

Topic: The Legend of The White Goat

2. Explain how the title connects to the story.