Prob.

1 : A hot air engine works on Carnot

cycle with thermal efficiency of 60%. If final temperature ot air
is 10°C find the initial temperauture.

Solution: Given ne =
0.6, T2 = 283 K

ne = 1 - T -T
283
0.6 1 T Fig. P5.1

T = 707.5 K
Prob. 2 Following data is available for air standard
Carnot cycle.
Minimum temperature in cycle = 15°C
Minimum pressure in cycle = 1.1 bar
Pressure after isothermal compression = 4.0 bar

Pressure after isentropic compression = 12 bar

Engine speed = 150 rpm

Calculate efficiency of engine and power output of the engine.

Solution: Refer Fig 5.1.
Given T2 = T3 = 15°C = 288 K, p2 = 1.1 bar, ps = 4 bar. p4 = 12 bar. N = 150 rpm
For reversible adiabatic compression 34

Y-1
Pa
T3 P3
0.4

T-(» 288 = 394.2 K

Efficiency of Carnot 288
cycle = l -

2 = 1 - = 26.94%
394.2
work
done/cycle =net heat transfer/cycle = mR (T4- T2) ln r

Where. r = = Pa = 3.64
V'3 P2 1.1
W = 1 x 0.287 x In 3.64 x (394.2 -

288)
= 39.4 kJ/cycle

Power =
Work/cycle x rps
39.4x 150
60
=
98.5 kW
60
Dahlem 5,1 A hot air engine works on Carnot cycle with thermal efficiency of 702 Is
fal temperature of air is 20°C, determine the initial temperature
.

Solution: Given data

n
=0.7, T, 20° C
= = 20+273 293 K, T = ?

We know that efficiency of Carnot cycle

293
1-2 0.7=1-
T T
Ans
.T= 976.667 K =703.6670C
Problem 5.2 An engine working on the Carnot cycle with workingfluid as a gas has the
maximum pressure and temperatures ofthe cycle as 30 bar and 550 K respectively. The
expansion and compression ratios for the isothermal and adiabatic processes are 4 and
6 respectively. The mass of gas in the system is 1 kg. Calculate the properties of gas at
salient points, the work done during the cycle and thermal efficiency. Take Y= 1.4,
R 0.3 kJIkg K.
Solution :Given data

P 30 bar, 7 =
550 K, m = 1 kg

Forisothermal process, 2, = 4
V Va

esS
For adiabatic process, 346
V.
V
(.. Refer Fig. 5.2)
V
We have, PV =
mkT
30x10x V =
Ix0.3x 10 x550

. V = 0.055 m
 Elements of Mechanical
Engin
172

For an isothemal process (1-2)

PhP

p P = 30x10 x =7.5x10P N/m

and 7=T- =550K

V= 4V= 4x0.055 =0.22m

For adiabatic process (2-3)

P2VPV
V2 14
=0.61x10 NIm2
PP2V
V=6 V =6x0.22= 1.32m3

Ta P2

12-3 =550o 0.61

7.5 T2- 268.55 K=T,
For isothermal
process (3-4)
T =T3-4 =268.55 K
PVP
P4
PA PsP3 V
VA =0.61x103 x4 =2.44x105 NIm2
V3 4
Va
1.32
1.32 -0.33 m
4
Therefore properties at salient points are
P 3 0 bar, V = 0.055 m,
T1-2 550 K
 Heat Engines 173

p =7.5bar, V 0.22 m, Ans

P =0.61 bar, V = 1.32 m', T3-4 268.55 K Ans

P2.44bar, V = 0.33 n', Ans

Work done
isothermal process (1-2)
Heat supplied in

mRT loge
V2 = 1x0.3x 550log, 4
0228.738 kJ
Heat rejected in isothermal process (34)

: 0 mRT, log, (V3 x 0 . 3 x268.55los, 4 = 111.69 kJ

V4
Workdone: W =
-, = 228.738- 111.69 = 117.048 kJ Ans
Work done W 117.048
Thermal efficiency,"Heat supplied 228.738
=0.512 = 51.2% Ans
OR

=1-2=_268.55= 51.2% Ans

550
Problem 53 Th
 Unsolved Numerical Problems
The temperature limits of the Camot
cycle are 320° C and 27° C. The overall volume
cxpansion ratio of
cycle is 16. Calculate (i) the volume ratios of the isothermal and
adiabatic proeesses (ii) the thermal efficiency of the cyclecycle
Take y =
1.4 VA
V ==5.49,
LAns ( ) = =
2.91 (ii)0.494)
V V.
5.2 The initial pressure and temperature oftheair taken through a Carnot cycle are 15 bar
and 270° C respectively. From the initial conditions, the air is expanded isothermally to
three times its initial volume and then further expanded adiabatically to six times its initial
volume. Then the cycle is completed by isothermal compression and adiabatic
compression. Detemmine (i) the pressure, volume, and temperature at cach corner of the
cycle (ii) the thermal ctfficiency of the cycle (ii) the work donc per cycle. Take R = 0.29
kJ/kg K, Y = 1.4 for air.
Ans: i) Pi =
=5 bar, P3 1.89 bar, P4 =5.67 ar, =0.105m
15 bar, P2 =

V, =0.315, V =0.63 m', V =0.21m, 7 =T, 543 K. =

T T = 411.52 K, (ii) 24.21% (ii)

41.9 kJI