Page 60 - 1 

   
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
UNITS CONVERSION
gravity 9.80621 m/sec² meters / second = m/sec² at 45 degrees latitude
second
gravity 32.1725 ft/sec²

Distance 1 inch 25.4 mm exact conversion

1 feet 304.80 mm 12 in * 25.4 mm/inch
1 yard 91.44 mm 3 ft * 12 in/ft * 25.4 mm/inch row 20

1 mm 0.03937 in 1000 µ 1000000 n 10,000,000 ångstrom

1.0E+00 mm 1.0E+03 µ 1.0E+06 n 1.0E+07 ångstrom

1 meter 3.28084 ft 0.91440 yard

1 kilometer 0.62137 mile
1 mm

1 µ 0.001 mm 1000 n 10000 ångstrom

1.0E-03 mm 1.0E+03 n 1.0E+04 ångstrom row 30

Area 1 m2 1.19599 yard2 10.7639 ft2 1550.0 in2

1 Km2 2.59000 Mile2

1 ft2 0.09290 m2
1 yard2 0.83613 m2
1 in2 645.160 mm2
row 40

Weight 1 lb av 0.4536 kilogram 14.5833 oz troy

1 oz av 28.3495 gram 1.09714 oz troy 437.5 grains
1 lb av 453.592 gram 16 oz av 1.21527 lb troy 4739.7 grains
1 oz troy 31.1035 gram 0.91146 oz av 0.08333 lb troy 24 grains 7.777 carats
1 lb troy 373.242 gram 12 oz troy 0.82286 lb av 5760 grains

1 ton 907.185 kg 2000 lbs

row 50
1 gram 0.001 kg 0.03527 oz av 15.43236 grains
1 kg 1000 g 2.20462 lb
1 metric ton 1000 kg 2205 lbs

mass 1 kg 9.80621 kg-m/sec² 70.9284 lb-sec² /ft

1 lb 4.44801 kg-m/sec² 0.03108 lb-sec² /ft

row 60
 Page 60 - 2    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

row 70
 Page 60 - 3    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
UNITS CONVERSION -- Continued
SI SI SI mks
Pressure 1 lb /ft2 0.047880 kPa 0.04788 kN / m2 0.47000 kg /m-sec2 4.88243 kg /m2
1 lb /in2 6.894757 kPa 0.00689 kN / mm2 0.06768 kg /m-sec2 0.03391 kg /m2

1 Pa 1 N /m² 0.00981 kg /m-sec²

1 Pa 0.000001 N /mm² 0.00001 kg /mm-sec² Imperial Imperial
1 kPa 1 kN / m² 9.80621 kg /m-sec² 0.1450 lb /in² 20.8854 lb /ft²
1 GPa 1000 kN / m² 9806.21 kg /m-sec² 145.04 lb /in² 20885.4 lb /ft²
1 N /mm2 1E-06 kN / mm² 0.00981 kg /m-sec² 0.0001 lb /in² 0.00002 lb /ft² row 80

1 kg /m2 0.009806 kPa 0.09616 kg /m-sec² 0.0014 lb /in² 0.20482 lb /ft²

1 kg /mm2 9806.210 kPa 96161.8 kg /m-sec² 1422.3 lb /in² 204816 lb /ft²

1 bar 101.325 kPa 14.7 psi 1.00 atmosphere 760 mm Hg

1013250 dynes/cm²

Moment 1 ft-lb 1.355757 Nm 0.13825 kg-m

1 Nm 0.737595 ft-lb 0.10198 kg-m row 90

Volume 1 m3 35.31466 ft3 1.30795 yard3

1 litre 0.264172 gallon

1 ft3 0.028317 m3 1728 in3

1 yard3 0.764555 m3 27 ft3
1 gallon 3.785412 litre 0.1337 ft3 128 fluid oz
4 quarts 8 pints
row 100
Velocity 1 m/sec 3600 m/hr 3.28084 ft/sec 2.23694 miles/hr

1 km/hr 0.2778 m/sec 0.9113 ft/sec 0.62137 miles/hr

1 km/sec 3600 km/hr 42520 ft/sec 28991 miles/hr
1 ft/sec 0.3048 m/sec
1 miles/hr 0.44704 km/hr

1 mm/µsec 0.1 cm/µsec 1000000 mm/sec 1000 m/sec 3280.84 ft/sec

3600000 m/hr 3600 km/hr 2454.545 miles/hr
row 110

Force 1 lb force 4.44822 N 444822.2 dynes 43.62216 kg-m/sec² 0.03108 lb-sec² /ft slug
1 N 9.80665 kg-m/sec² 100000 dynes 0.2248 lb force 0.00699 lb-sec² /ft slug

Temperature
0 ºC 273.15 ºK 32.0 ºF 32 + 9 /5 * C degrees
39.2 º F 498.87 ºR 4.0 ºC (F degrees - 32) * 5 /9

row 120
Energy 1 joule 1E+07 ergs 0.239 cal 0.000948 Btu 2.78E-07 kW-h
1.0E+07 ergs
 Page 60 - 4    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

row 130
 Page 60 - 5    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
NOTATION
Imperial feet-pounds-seconds mks meters-kilograms-seconds SI System Internationale
a rational metric system

ft foot m meter KPa Kilopascal

in inch mm millimeter MPa MegaPascal
cm centimeter = 10 millimeters N Newton
ft^2 square foot, f² mm millimeter Nm Newton Meter
ft^3 cubic foot, ft³ A ångstrom
in^2 square inch, in² row 140
in³ cubic inch, in³
m^2 square meter, m²
oz av avoirdupois ounce m^3 cubic meter, m³
oz troy apothecary ounce gr gram
kg kilogram
tonne metric ton
kfg kilograms force (Japanese)

psf pounds per square foot, lb /ft² row 150

psi pounds per square inch, lb /in²

F Fahrenheit degrees C Centigrade degrees

R Rankine degrees K Kelvin degrees

cal calorie
Btu British thermal unit
kW-h kilowatt hour

Prefix Summary row 160

p 10-12 pico 0.000 000 000 001
n 10-9 nano 0.000 000 001
µ 10-6 micro 0.000 001
m 10-3 milli 0.001
k 103 kilo 1 000
M 106 mega 1 000 000
G 109 giga 1 000 000 000
T 1012 tera 1 000 000 000 000

row 170
Density
1 Litre of water = 1 cubic decimeter = 1 kilogram
density 1 kg/m3 0.06246 lb/ft3
water 999.36 kg/m3 62.42 lb /ft3 at 39.2ºF, 3.98ºC
steel 7850 kg/m3 490.35 lb/ft3
concrete 2400 kg/m3 149.92 lb/ft3

Speed of Sound
dry air 0ºC 331 m/sec 1192896 m/hr 1087 ft/sec 741 miles/hr row 180
mild steel 5960 m/sec 21456000 m/hr 19554 ft/sec 13332 miles/hr
pyrex glass 5640 m/sec 2E+07 m/hr 18504 ft/sec 12616 miles/hr
kerosene 1324 m/sec 4766400 m/hr 4344 ft/sec 2962 miles/hr at 25ºC
water 1498 m/sec 5392800 m/hr 4915 ft/sec 3351 miles/hr at 25ºC, distilled
 Page 60 - 6    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

row 190
 Page 60 - 7    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Distance, Velocity and, Acceleration
Linear Distance
x1 0 inch
x2 4 inch
Dx 4 inch
x average 2 inch

v1 0 inch /sec
v2 4 inch /sec
Dv 4 inch /sec row 200
v average 2 inch /sec

t1 2 sec
t2 4 sec
Dt 2 sec
t average 3 sec

a 2 in /sec2

row 210
x 4 inch (v2 + v1) /2 (t2 - t1) t2 area x = vavg * t
v avg /Dt
2.00 in/sec * 2.00 sec
t1
v1 v2

x 4 inch (v2 - v1)2 /2a

Dv2 / 2a
4.00² in² /sec² /(2 2.00 in /sec² )
row 220

x 4 inch (v22 - v12) /2a

(4.00 in² /sec² - 0.00 in² /sec²) /(2 * 2.00 in /sec²)

x 4 inch (t2 - t1)2 a/2

(2.00 sec - 4.00 sec)² * 2.00 inch/sec² /2

Velocity
v 2 inch /sec (x2 - x1) /(t2 - t1) v2 row 230
(4.00 - 0.00) in /(4.00 - 2.00 ) se t2
vavg
t1
v 4 inch /sec a (t2 - t1) v1
2.00 in /sec² * (4.00 - 2.00) sec x1 x2

v 2.83 inch /sec √ 2 a (x2 - x1)

√2 * a in /sec² * (4.00 - 2.00 in)
row 240
Acceleration
a 2 inch /sec2 (v2 - v1) /(t2 - t1) t2
(4.00 - 0.00 ) in /sec /(4.00 - 2.00 ) sec aavg
t1

v1 v2
Figure 60-1 Graphic representations
 Page 60 - 8    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
of changes in time vs velocity vs distance.
row 250
 Page 60 - 9    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Convert Hp to Work
F 9.60 k cyclical load applied
delta 0.50 in 1/2 of stroke 0.020 * 96" max drift
T 1.50 sec/cycle time for complete cycle + and - deflections

energy 2.40 in-k P * delta /2 for 1/2 of stroke force applied one direction only
power 0.900 in-k / sec
Hp 0.550 ft-k/sec constant
Hp 0.046 in-k/sec constant
row 260
Hp_req 19.6 hp in straight line
rpm_req 40 rpm
motor 3.0 Hp motor

As Impact -- Spring compressed by piston

P_stroke 9.60
arm 0.50 Figure 60-2 Rotation represented as a
V_init 1.00 in/sec sine wave.

V_final 0 row 270

time 0.375 sec
k_spring 19.2 k/in

Theta 90 deg
cos_t 0.000 COS(Theta /180 * PI())
sin_t 1.000 SIN(Theta /180 * PI())
v 1.000 in/sec x V_init * sin_t
F 0.00 P_stroke * cos_t
Torque 0.00 k-in F * arm * sin_t
row 280
Theta 135 deg
cos_t -0.707
sin_t 0.707
v 0.707 in/sec x
F -6.79
Torque -2.40 k-in

Theta 180 deg

cos_t -1.000
sin_t 0.000 row 290
v 0.000 in/sec x
F -9.60 Figure 60-3 Convert torque to linear force.
Torque 0.00 k-in

TEST 140 deg

cos_t -0.766
sin_t 0.643
v 0.643 in/sec x
F -7.35
Torque -2.36 k-in row 300

As Function of Motor Torque

throw 0.25 in
F 9.6 k
Torq 2.40 k-in

rpm 40.00 rpm

0.67 hz
 Page 60 - 10    
UNITS CONVERSION
60 Christy
7:20
08/30/21

538873702.xls    
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Hp 1.5 hp
V_top 0.5234406 in/sec row 310