BRM Merged

104 Business Research Methods - MCQs
1) Process of obtaining a numerical description of the extent to which a person or object possesses
some characteristics
a) Measurement b) Scaling c) Questionnaire d) Interview
2) Measurement that involves monitoring a respondent’s involuntary responses to marketing stimuli
via the use of electrodes and other equipment is called
a) Projective Techniques b) Physiological measures
c) Depth Interviews d) Multi-dimensional Scales
3) Validity that reflect whether a scale performs as expected in relation to other variables selected
as meaningful criteriacriteria
a) Criterian-related Validity b) Content Validity
c) Construct validity d) Convergent Validity
4) Scale that indicates the relative position of two or more objects or some characteristics is called
A) Ranking Scale b) Ordinal Scale c) Arbitrary Scale d) Ratio Scale
5) Method that involves the selection of items by a panel of judges on the basis of their relevance,
the potential for ambiguity, and the level of the attitude they represent
a) Cumulative scale b) Arbitrary Scale
c) Item Analysis d) Consensus Scaling
6) Even numbered non-verbal rating scale using single adjectives instead of bipolar opposites is
called
a) Semantic Differential b) Multi-dimensional scaling
c) Stapel Scale d) Standardised Instruments
7) Instrument’s ability to accurately measure variability in stimuli or response is known as
a) Sensitivity b) Practicality c) Generalisablity d) Economy
8) 7-point rating scale with end-points associated with bipolar labels that have semantic meaning is
a) Semantic differential scale b) Constant Sum Scale
c) Graphic Rating Scale d) Likert Scale
9) Scale in which the respondent directly compares two or more objects and makes choices among
them is
a) Ranking Scale b) Rating Scale c) Graphic Scale d) None of these
10) Scales where respondent is asked to rate an item in comparison with another item or a
group of items each other based on a common criterion is
a) Method of paired comparison b) Forced Ranking
c) Constant Sum Scale d) All of the above
11) Original source from which researcher directly collects the data that has not been previously
collected
a) Primary data b) Secondary Data c) Tertiary Data d) None of these
12) Technique in which the respondents and/or the clients communicate and/or observe by use
of the internet
a) Online Ethnography b) Online Interview
c) Online Questionnaire d) Online Focus Group
13) Issue to be considered for the secondary data include which of the following a)
Sufficiency b) Reliability c) Suitability d) All of the above
14) Method that involves recording the behavioural pattern of people, objects and events in a
systematic manner to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest
a) Observation b) Online Survey c) Schedules d) Warranty Cards
15) Technique that allow several members of a hiring company to interview a job candidate at
the same time is
a) Panel Interview b) Self administered interview
c) Mail Interview d) Electronic Interview
17) Qualitative methods are probably the oldest of all the scientific techniques, the method of
qualitative research is:
a) Questionnaire b) Attitude Scales c) Depth Interview d) Observation
18) In validity of measurement scales, validity can be measured through several methods like
a) Content b) Criterion c) Construct d) All of the above
19) The test of reliability is an important test of sound measurement. The methods to evaluate
reliability of scales are:
a) Convergent b) Delegating measurement strategies
c) Split-Halves Method d) None of the above
20) The most common scales used in research are
a) Nominal b) Ratio c) Ordinal d) All of the above
21) In scale construction technique, scale can be developed by
a) Ratio Scale b) Cumulative Scale c) Nominal scale d) Ordinal scale
22) The criteria for good scale is developed by
a) Reliability b) Practicability c) Sensitivity d) All of the above
24) The main problem in questionnaire is
a) Accessible to Diverse Respondent
b) Greater Anonymity
c) Shows an inability of respondent to provide information
d) None of these
25) Electronic interview can be conducted by:
a) Telephonic b) Fax c) Personal d) All of the above
Ans:
1) a 2) b 3)a 4)b 5)d 6)c 7)a 8)a 9)a 10)b 11)a 12)d 13)d 14)a 15)a 16)b 17)c 18)d 19)c
20)d
21)b 22)d 23)a 24)c 25)b
1) Define the correct sequence in the stage of sampling:
a) i) Sampling method selection ii) Population definition iii) Sampling frame
development iv) Sampling unit specification v) Sample size determination
b) i) Population definition
ii) Sampling frame development
iii) Sampling unit specification
iv) Sampling method selection
v) Sample size determination
c) i) Sampling method selection ii) Sampling unit specification iii) Sample size
determination iv)Population definition
v) Sampling frame development
d) i) Sample size determination ii) Population definition iii) Sampling frame
development
iv)Sampling unit specification
v) Sampling method selection
2) What are the two types of sampling methods?

a) Random or probability sampling and non-probability sampling
b) Probability sampling and random sampling
c) Probability sampling and non-random sampling
d) All of the above
3) It is a special non-probability method used when the desired sample characteristic is rare, which
sampling
a) Panel Sampling b) Snowball sampling
c) Convenience sampling d) Purposive Sampling
4) The university book shop selects 200 of its more than 8000 customers to participate in a study on
service quality in the shop. The book Shop has established a ________ for use in its research.
a) Population b) Field setting
c) Dependent grouping d) Sample
5) A good sampling frame must be
a) Relevant b) Complete
c) Precise d) All of the above
6) How many different sample of size 3 can be taken from the population comprising 5 elements?
a) 7 b) 12 c) 5 d) 10
7) When sample size increases, which of the followings correct?
a) The standard error remains unchanged b) The standard error increases
c) The standard error declines d) None of the above
8) In case the population has a normal distribution, then the sampling distribution of the mean
a) Has a mean equal to the population mean b) Has normal distribution
c) Both a and b d) None of these
9) In which of the following sample designs, maps rather than lists or registers are used as the
sampling frame?
a) Simple random sample b) Cluster sample
c) Area Sample d) none of these
10) Suppose that a population with N = 200 has µ = 30. What is the mean of the sampling
distribution of the mean for sample of size 40?
a) Not possible to determine as this information is inadequate
b) 40
c) 25
d) 30
13) A sample study is a study of
a) Whole population b) Only representative items
c) 51 items d) None of these
14) Among the following methods which is not a probability sampling method? a)
Systematic sampling b) Stratified sampling
c) Cluster sampling d) Quota sampling
15) Among the following methods which is not the non-probability sampling method?
a) Convenient sampling b) Quota sampling
c) Judgement sampling d) Systematic sampling
16) Which of the following is the example of random sampling techniques? a)
Taking the name of every person in a telephone book
b) Generating a list of numbers by picking numbers out of a hat and matching these
numbers to names in the telephone book
c) Taking every tenth or twentieth name from a list of everybody in the telephone book
d) All of the above
17) Pat Robertson is running for parliament in the General Election. She needs to know
the intended choices of the voters and will undertake a survey. All the voters on the
Electoral Register in her constituency would be the study’s
a) Sample b) Dependent variable
c) Population d) Independent variable
18) What are the types of Random or probability sampling? a) Area sampling and
Judgemental sampling
b) Stratified sampling and Area sampling
c) Judgemental sampling and Quota sampling
d) Sequential sampling
19) Greg Beck of Quality Market Research tells placement student John to go out and
select for personal interview ten men and ten women. Greg is using __________
sampling for this phase of the research.
a) Random b) Stratified c) Quota d) Area
21) When there is a significant difference between the statistic and parametric values, it means
that a) Sample statistic is representative is representative of the population parameter
b) Static value is used to approximate parameter
c) The difference is real
d) None of the above
22) The process of selecting a number of participants for a study in such a way that they
represent the larger group from which they were selected is known as
a) Research Design b) Sampling
c) Data collection d) Random assignment
23) If the standard error of the population is reduced by 50 per cent, the sample size becomes
a) Double b) Increase 6 times c) Increase 4 times d) None of the above 24)
Which type of sampling Mr. Weber use to draw a sample that is not biased?
a) Non-probability b) Concurrent c) Random d) None of the above
25) Which of the following is not likely to be used to stratify a sample for a study investigating the
use of a computerised algebra program?
a) Gender b) Ethnicity
c) Socio-economic status d) Number of siblings in the home
26) Which of the following is not a random sampling technique? a)
Purposive sampling b) Stratified Sampling
c) Cluster sampling d) Systematic sampling
Ans:
1) b 2) a 3) b 4) d 5) d 6) d 7)c 8) c 9) c 10) d
13) b 14) d 15) b 16) b 17) c 18) b 19) c 21) c 22) b 23) c
24) c 25) d 26) a
1) Which analysis is related with descriptive analysis?

a) Univariate Analysis b) Bivariate Analysis
c) Multivariate Analysis d) All of the above
2) Involves the orderly and systematic representation of numerical data in a form designed to
elucidate the problem under consideration
a) Coding b) Classification
c) Editing d) Tabulation
3) Which frequency expresses the number of items in an interval as a proportion or fraction of the
total number of items in the data set?
a) Relative frequency b) Percentage Frequency
c) Cumulative frequency d) None of the above
4) Which steps involves in processing operations of data after collection of data?
a) Coding b) Classification
c) Editing d) Tabulation
5) Which is type of frequency distribution?
a) Continuous or grouped frequency distribution
b) Discrete or ungrouped frequency distribution
c) Cumulative Frequency Distribution
d) All of the above
6) One where measurements are only approximations and are expressed in class intervals ie within
certain limits is
a) Continuous Frequency Distribution
b) Discrete Frequency Distribution
c) Cumulative Frequency Distribution
d) All of these Frequency Distribution
7) In which Graphical Representation, way of preparing a two-dimensional diagram is in the form of
circles?
a) Pie Chart b) Histogram
c) Candle Stick d) None of the above
8) In which analysis, when there is a single measurement of each of the n sample objects or where
there are several measurements of each of the n observations but each variable is analysed in
isolation?
c) Multivariate Analysis d) None of these
9) If a group of N observations is arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude, then the
middle value is called
a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) None of these
10) Which is the type of correlation on the basis of number of variables?
a) Positive correlation b) Multiple correlation
c) Linear Correlation d) Non-linear Correlation
11) Which characteristics come under Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation? a) Does not tell
anything about cause-and-effect relationship
b) Independent of change of origin and scale
c) Varies between -1 and +1
d) All of the above
12) If one knows that the yield and rainfall are closely related then one want to know the amount of
rain required to achieve a certain production. For this purpose we use analysis a)
Regression Analysis b) Coefficient of Correlation
c) Scatter Plots/Diagram d) None of these
13) When two attributes are present or absent together in the data and actual frequency is more
than the expected frequency is called
a) Positive Association b) Negative Association
c) Independent Association d) None of these
14) Which is not type of test of significance for small sample ?
a) t- test b) z-test c) F-test d) Q-test
15)Which test is the part of the parametric test?
a) Sign Test b) Run Test for Randomness
c) Kruskal-Willis Test d) z-test
16)
17) Which analysis comes under inferential analysis?
c) Multivariate Analysis d) Hypothesis Testing
18) The procedure of classifying the answers to a question into meaningful categories is called
a) Coding b) Classification c) Editing d) Tabulation
19) Which of the following constitute the essential elements of coding ?
a) Mutually exclusive b) Single Dimension c) Code Sheet d) all of these 20) Which
among the following is type of frequency?
a) Relative frequency b) Percentage frequency
c) Cumulative frequency d) All of the above
21) A bar chart or graph showing the frequency of occurrence of each value of the variable being
analysed is called
a) Bar Chart b) Histogram
c) Candle stick d) None of these
22) A chart is a style of bar-chart used primary to describe price movements of a security, derivative,
or currency over time is called
a) Leaf and stem b) Histogram
c) Candle Stick d) Bar chart
23) A group of observations is the quotient obtained by dividing the sum of all the observations by
their number, is called
a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) None of these
24) Which analysis is the simultaneous analysis of two variables? a) Univariate Analysis
b) Bivariate Analysis
c) Multivariate Analysis d) None of these
25) Which Statistical tool comes under Bivariate Analysis ? a) Linear Regression Analysis
b) Association of Attributes
c) Two-way ANOVA
d) All of the above
26) The assumption of normal distribution for the variable under consideration or some assumption
for a parametric test is not valid or is doubtful then we use
a) Parametric Test
b) Non-Parametric Test
c) Both Parametric Test and Non-Parametric Test
d) All of the above
27) What is abbreviation of ANOVA?
a) Analysis of variance b) Analysis of variation
c) Analysis of variant d) None of these
ANS
1)d 2)d 3)a 4)c 5)d 6)a 7)a 8)a 9)b 10)b 11)d 12)a 13)a 14)d 15)d 16)b 17)d 18)a
19)d 20)d
21)b 22)c 23)a 24)b 25)d 26)b 27)a
1. In a qualitative research proposal you would not expect to see a............
a) Research question
b) Research aim
c) Hypothesis
d) Operational definition
Ans: c)
2. Which of the following statement is not true?
a) A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
b) A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the
proposed research project
c) A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
d) A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project
Ans: c)
3. After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in
theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is..........
a) To conduct surveys
b) To generate the hypothesis
c) To focus group discussions
d) To use experiments in an investigation
Ans: b)
4. The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is
a) Theories
b) Empiricism
c) Replication
d) Evaluating data
Ans-: b)
5. According to Goodstein's (2000) "evolved theory of science," which of the following is

not a characteristic of scientific inquiry?
a) Scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other scientists and the
public so others can replicate the methods and obtain the same results.
b) Science flourishes when there is an open system for the exchange of ideas in which
supporters and those who disagree with an idea can report their research and it can be
evaluated by others.
c) Research studies must be reviewed by peers before they become a part of the
scientific literature.
d) Scientists search for observations that support ideas popular to others and viewed by
other scientists as publishable.
Ans: d)
6. The main advantage of producing a written research proposal is-------
a) Informs all interested parties
b) Helps with credibility
c) Helps the institution
d) Helps keep people employed
Ans: a)
7. The one which will always appear in a research proposal is.......
a) Business objective
b) Research objective
c) Marketing objective
d) Creative objective
Ans: b)
8. Good research proposals will always-.......
a) Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic
b) Provide respondent names and addresses
c) Focus on the Harvard style
d) Focus on addressing the research objectives
Ans: d)
9. The proposal's literature review is important because-——
It is expected by the university
The tutor insists upon it
It looks authoritative
It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topi c
Ans: c)
10. The proposal section which intended to describe the purpose with a full statement of the
research question is-----------
a) Literature review
b) References
c) Introduction
d) Proposed Method
Ans: c)
11. Which of the following statement is not true?
a) A research proposal is a document that presents a plan fora project
b) A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the
proposed research project
c) A research proposal is an unorganized and unplannedproject
d) A research proposal is just like a research report and writtenbefore the research project
Ans: c)
12. The statement of purpose in a research study should--------
a) Identify the design of the study
b) Identify the intent or objective of the study
c) Specify the type of people to be used in the study
d) Describe the study
Ans: b)
13. The research participants are described in detail in. ........ section of the research plan
a) Introduction
b) Method
c) Data analysis
d) Discussion
Ans: b)
14. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies ----------
a) The research participants
b) The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study
c) The planned research procedures
d) all of the above
Ans: d)
15. The interactive, computer-based information system that collects data on transactions and
operations is..........
a) Transaction processing system
b) Decision support system

c) Executive information system
d) Expert system
Ans: b)
16. One of the following is not the three main components in a decision support system........
a) Communications
b) Dialogue
c) Model
d) Data
Ans: a)
17. To explain, predict, and/or control phenomena are the goal of --------------
a) Tradition
b) Inductive logic
c) Deductive logic
d) The scientific method
Ans: d)
18. The purpose of a literature review is to-...........
a) Help you find out what is already known about this area
b) Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.
c) Demonstrate an awareness of the theoretical context in which the current study can be
located
d) Find what is already known, identify gaps,and demonstrate awareness
Ans: b)
19. The scientific method is preferred over other ways of knowingbecause it is more........
a) Reliable
b) Systematic
c) Accurate
d) All of the given options
Ans: d)
20. According to Burrell & Morgan (1979) one of the following is not a paradigm within
business research methods is......
a) Radical structuralist
b) Radical positivist
c) Functionalist
d) Interpretative
Ans: b)
21. After you locate a source, you should write down all the details of the reference,
except...........
a) Full names of the authors
b) Titles
c) Volumes
d) Price
Ans: d)
22. The basis of Scientific Method is.........
a) To test hypotheses in conditions that is conclusive to its success
b) To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis
c) To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully controlled conditions that
challenge the hypothesis.
d) To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned completely.
Ans: c)
23. The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the--------
a) Conceptual understanding
b) Dictionary meaning
c) Operational definition
d) All of the above
Ans: d)
24. The word 'Research' means-------
a) A lab experiment
b) A report.
c) A systematic enquiry
d) A procedure
Ans: c)
25. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in hisclassroom to ascertain their
merit and worth; he is likelyconducting ..... type of research
a) Basic
b) Applied
c) Evaluation
d) Experimental
Ans: c)
26. The reasons for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, or reviews in the Initial
stages of identifying a research topic is........
a) They are readily available
b) They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic

c) They are primary sources
d) They avoid reporting statistical data so one can interpret the results more easily.
Ans: b)
27. Qualitative and Quantitative Research are the classification of research on the basis of......
a) Use of the research
b) Time dimensions
c) Techniques used
d) Purpose of the research
Ans: c)
28. The application of the scientific method to study of business problems is called.......
a) Inductive reasoning
b) Deductive reasoning
c) Business research
d) Grounded theory
Ans: c)
29. The research method is not applicable under.......
a) Healthcare
b) Business
c) Government offices
d) Imaginary worlds
Ans: d)
30. In an article it is most beneficial to read-------
a) References
b) Methods
c) Introduction
d) Figures
Ans: a)
31. Which of the following is not a function of clearly identified research questions?
a) They guide your literature search
b) They keep you focused throughout the data collection period
c) They make the scope of your research as wide as possible
d) They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
Ans: c)
32. An operational definition is—
a) One that bears no relation to the underlying concept
b) An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
c) A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures
d) One that refers to opera singers and their work
Ans: c)
33. Basic research can also be called as-------
a) Practical research
b) Fundamental Research
c) Action research
d) Assessment research
Ans: b)
34. In the research process, the management question has the following critical activity in
sequence.............
a) Origin, selection, statement, exploration and refinement
b) Origin, statement, selection, exploration and refinement
c) Origin, exploration, selection, refinement, and statement
d) Origin, exploration, refinement, selection and statement
Ans: a)
35. The meaning of a good research does not mean ------
a) Purpose clearly defined
b) Research process detailed
c) Research design thoroughly planned
d) Findings presented ambiguously
Ans: d)
36. Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic sections. They
are——
a) Research question and research methodology
b) Research proposal and bibliography
c) Research method and schedule
d) Research question and bibliography
Ans: a)
37. The purpose of the research proposal is..........
a) To generate monetary sources for the organization
b) To present management question to be researched and its importance
c) To discuss the research efforts of others who have worked on related management question.
d) Both b and c
Ans: d)
38. A proposal is also known as a.......
a) Work plan
b) Prospectus
c) Outline
d) All of the above
Ans: d)
39. Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost
than. ........ data.
a) Primary
b) Tertiary
c)Collective
d)Research
Ans: a)
40. The quality of a research to produce almost identical results in successive repeated trials
reflects its. .. ..-
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Accuracy
Ans: a)
41. What should a market researcher do once he or she has defined the problem and the
research objectives?
a) Collect the information

b) Budget for information collection
c) Develop the research plan
d) Sample the population
Ans: c)
42. Business research is a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide business
decisions. This includes the following except.......
a) Reporting
b) Descriptive
c) Explanatory
d) Predictive studies
Ans: d)
43. Which of the following should not be a consideration in writinga proposal?
a) Understanding the purpose behind the request for proposal
b) Understanding the problem situation
c) The appearance/form of the proposal
d) Responding to every element exactly as specified by theclient
Ans: c)
44. The step-by-step account of what the researcher and participants did during the research
study is provided in........
a) Introduction
b) Abstract
c) Procedure
d) Design
Ans: c)
45. Which of the following is an example of deception in business research?
a) The obtaining of company material without permission
b) The researcher representing their research as being about a different topic
c) The researcher wearing a disguise during an observation
d) The researcher failing to ask permission to interview someone
Ans: b)
46. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
a) Deterministic
b) Rationalism
c) Empirical
d) Abstraction
Ans: d)
47. A research problem is feasible only when-
a) It is researchable
b) It is new and adds something to knowledge
c) It has utility and relevance
d) All of these
Ans : d)
48. Hypothesis cannot be stated in ........
a) Null and question form terms
b) Declarative term
c) General terms
d) Directional terms
Ans: c)
49. The validity and reliability of a research will be at stakewhen ------
a) The author who is the source of information is biased,incompetent or dishonest
b) The incident was reported after a long period of time from that of its occurrence
c) The researcher himself is not competent enough to draw logical conclusions
d) All of the above
Ans : d)
50. After a researcher has stated the specific problem to be studied in an experiment, he must
then develop a ------
a) Theory
b) Conclusion
c) Hypothesis
d) Summary of the data
Ans: c)
Unit 2 : Research Design
1. Research hypotheses are
a) Formulated prior from review of the literature
b) Statements of predicted relationships between variables
c) Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
d) Both b and c
Ans : d)
2. Hypotheses in qualitative research studies usually _

a) Are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study
b) Are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed
c) Are never used
d) Are always stated after the research study has been completed
Ans : b)
3. Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the
quantitative paradigm for another phase in known as
a) action research
b) basic research
c) quantitative research
d) mixed method research
4. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except-
a) it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest.
b) it relies on the collection of non numerical data such as words and pictures
c) it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
d) it uses the inductive scientific method
ANS(a)
5. The opposite of the variables is
a) A constant
b) An extraneous variable
c) A dependent variable
d) A data set
Ans(a)
6. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called as ………..

a) Categorical variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Independent variable
d) Intervening variable
Ans(c)
7. A condition of characteristics that can take on different values or categories is called ……..
a) a constant
b) a variable
c) a cause-and-effect relationship
d) a descriptive relationship
8. The quantitative research is best described by------
a) the collection of non numerical data
b) an attempt to confirms the researcher's hypotheses
c) research that is exploratory
d) research that attempts to generate a new theory
Ans: b)
9. allow a researcher to examine the degree and directionof the relationship between
two characteristics or variables.
a) Correlational designs
b) Quasi-experimental designs
c) Confounding variables
d) Experimental designs
Ans: a)
10. A dependent variable refers to............
a) The experimental condition
b) The variable which shows us the effect of the manipulation.
c) The variable being manipulated or varied in some way by the researcher
d) A variable with a single value which remains constant in a particular context
Ans: b)
11. Variables are ....... ..-
a) the main focus of research in science.
b)something that can vary in terms of precision
c) something that we can measure
d) all of the above
Ans: d)
12. The sort of variable manipulated by the researcher is -........
a) Dependent.
b) Co-dependent
c) Independent
d) All variables are manipulated by the researcher
Ans: c)
13. The null and alternative hypotheses divide all possibilities into-
a) two sets that overlap
b) two non-overlapping sets
c) two sets that may or may not overlap
d) as many sets as necessary to cover all possibilities
Ans: b)
14...........is true of the null and alternative hypotheses.
a) Exactly one hypothesis must be true
b) both hypotheses must be true
c) It is possible for both hypotheses to be true
d) It is possible for neither hypothesis to be true
Ans: a)
15. The form of the alternative hypothesis can be:
a) one-tailed
b) two-tailed
c) neither one nor two-tailed
d) one or two-tailed
Ans: d)
16. The alternative hypothesis is also known as the:
a) elective hypothesis
b) optional hypothesis
c) research hypothesis
d) null hypothesis
Ans: c)
17. A Type II error is also known as a .
a) False positive
b) False negative
c) Double negative
d) Positive negative
Ans: b)
18. A Type I error is also known as a .
a) False positive
b) False negative
c) Double negative
d) Positive negative
Ans: a)
19. is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
a) Type I error
b) Type II error
c) Type A error
d) Type B error
Ans: b)
20. Which of the following statements is/are true according to the logic of hypothesis testing?
a) When the null hypothesis is true, it should be rejected
b) When the null hypothesis is true, it should not be rejected
c) When the null hypothesis is false, it should be rejected
d) Both b and c are true
Ans: d)
21. A literature review requires
a) Planning
b) Good & clear writing
c) Lot of rewriting
d) All of the above
Ans: d)
22. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating........
a) Primary data
b) Secondary data
c) Qualitative data
Ans: a)
23. A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and
records the answers himself is known as the..........
a) Interview schedule
b) Questionnaire
c) Interview guided.
d) All of the given options
Ans: b)
24. Exploratory research addresses one of the following types of question.
a) If
b) How
c) Why
d) What
Ans: d)
25. Hypothesis test may also be called as:
a) Informal test
b) Significance test
c) Moderating test
d) T-test
Ans: b)
26. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called
a) Telephonic interview
b) Personal interview
c) Unstructured interview
d) Structured interview
Ans: d)
27. The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition is the .
a) Experimental group
b) Control group
c) Treatment group
d) Independent group
Ans: b)
28. There is a number of ways in which confounding extraneous variables can be controlled.
Which control technique is considered to be the best?
a) Random assignment
b) Matching
c) Counterbalancing
Ans: a)
29. A cell is a combination of two or more in a factorial design.
a) Research designs
b) Research measurements
c) Dependent variables
d) Independent variables
Ans: d)
30. A factorial design is one in which .
a) Only one independent variable is studied to determine its effect on the dependent variable
b) Only two independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their independent
and interactive effects on the dependent variable
c) Two or more independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their

independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable
d) Two dependent variables are studied to determine their interactive effects
Ans: c)
31. A researcher is interested in the effects of a preschool program on later school

performance. Because she is concerned that socio-economic-status (SES) is a potential
extraneous variable in her study, she picks^&tyldren to study who are only from low SES
homes. The control technique she used in this study was- ----
a) Matching
b) Random assignment
c) Holding the extraneous variable constant
d) Statistically controlling the extraneous variable
Ans: c)
32. The directors of a graduate program in educational research wish to see what types of
jobs their graduates take after they finish their program. They randomly sample students from
the program and have them fill out questionnaires with items asking about the types of jobs
they have had. They also are asked to describe the roles they play in their current positions.
This project is best described as having what kind of objective—-
a) Descriptive
b) Predictive
c) Explanatory
Ans: a)
33. The variable the researcher matches to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is called
a variable.
a) Matching
b) Independent
c) Dependent
d) Partial
Ans: a)
34. Which of the following is not a longitudinal design?
a) Panel
b) Cross-sectional
c) Trend
d) Both a and c are longitudinal designs
Ans: d)
35. In qualitative research, differences among types of purposive sample have to do with-----
a) Representativeness.
b) Timing during the study.
c) Individual variability.
d) All of the above.
Ans: d)
36. Data analysis in qualitative research, as contrasted with quantitative research, is

generally—
a) Theatrical rather than applied.
b) Applied rather than theatrical.
c) Deductive rather than inductive.
d) Inductive rather than deductive.
Ans: d)
37. Qualitative researchers view changes in procedures during a study as...........
a) A weakness
b) Frustrating
c) A good thing
d) To be avoided
Ans: c)
38. Conclusions from qualitative research are--------
a) Less certain than from quantitative research
b) Of little practical use
c) Seldom defensible
d) Of descriptive value only.
Ans: a)
39. The validity poses a problem for qualitative research because—
a) Because the measurement of validity implies that there is something fixed which can be
measured
b) Because the validity of interviews cannot be measured
c) Because validity is only an issue in quantitative research
d) Because there isn't any quantitative data on which to assess validity
Ans: a)
40. The weakness of quantitative research is-------
a) Provides precise, numerical data
b) The researcher's categories that are used might not reflect local
constituenciesunderstandings
c) Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected
d) Can study a large number of people
Ans: b)
41. A study in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time is
a..........
a) Concurrent mixed method design
b) Mixed method design
c) Sequential mixed method design
d) Cross-sectional mixed method design
Ans: a)
42. The starting point for a literature search is--------
a) Tertiary data
b) Primary data
c) Secondary data
d) Some other data
Ans: a)
43. The researcher is usually interested in supporting --—- when he or she is engaging in
hypothesis testing.
a) The alternative hypothesis
b) The null hypothesis
c) Both the alternative and null hypothesis
d) Neither the alternative or null hypothesis
Ans: a)
44. The cutoff the researcher uses to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis is called
the—
a) Significance level
b) Alpha level
c) Probability value
d) Both a and b are correct
Ans; d)
45. Of type I and type II en\r, one which traditionally regarded as more serious is
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) They are equally serious
d) Neither is serious
Ans: a)
46. Smaller p-values indicate more evidence in support of..........
a) the null hypothesis
b) the alternative hypothesis
c) the quality of the researcher
d) further testing
Ans: b)
47. A null hypothesis can only be rejected at the 5% significance level if and only if—
a) a 95% confidence interval includes the hypothesized value of the parameter
b) a 95% confidence interval does not include the hypothesized value of the parameter
c) the null hypothesis is void
d) the null hypotheses includes sampling error
Ans: b)
48. A developmental research design that examines agedifferences at only one point in time
is called the method.
a) Cross-sectional
b) Longitudinal
c) Single-case
d) Sequential
Ans: a)
BRM MCQ for Sem-I
Answers
1. a. 2. c. 3. a. 4. b. 5. b. 6. b. 7. a. 8. d. 9. a. 10. a. 11. a. 12. a. 13. C. 14. a. 15. c. 16. b. 17. c.
18. d. 19. a. 20. a. 21. a. 22. e. 23. a. 24. d. 25. c.
1. In the research process, the management question has the following critical activity in sequence.
• Origin, selection, statement, exploration and refinement

• Origin, statement, selection, exploration and refinement
• Origin, exploration, selection, refinement, and statement
• Origin, exploration, refinement, selection and statement
2. The chapter that details the way in which the research was conducted is the _________ chapter
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Research methodology
• Data analysis
• Conclusion and recommendations
3. Business research has an inherent value to the extent that it helps management make better
decisions. Interesting information about consumers, employees, or competitors might be pleasant to
have, but its value is limited if the information cannot be applied to a critical decision.
• True
• False
4. The researcher should never report flaws in procedural design and estimate their effect on the
findings.
• True
• False
5. Adequate analysis of the data is the least difficult phase of research for the novice.
• True
• False
6. The validity and reliability of the data should be checked occasionally
• True
• False
7. Researchers are tempted to rely too heavily on data collected in a prior study and use it in the
interpretation of a new study
• True
• False
8. What is a good research? The following are correct except

• Purpose clearly defined
• Research process detailed
• Research design thoroughly planned
• Findings presented ambiguously
9. Greater confidence in the research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good
reputation in research, and is a person of integrity
• True
• False
10. A complete disclosure of methods and procedures used in the research study is required. Such
openness to scrutiny has a positive effect on the quality of research. However, competitive advantage
often mitigates against methodology disclosure in business research.
• True
• False
11. Research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide information for solving problems.
• True
• False
12. In deduction, the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given. In inductive argument
there is no such strength of relationship between reasons and conclusions.
• True
• False
13. Conclusions must necessarily follow from the premises. Identify the type of arguments that
follows the above condition.
• Induction
• Combination of Induction and Deduction
• Deduction Variables
14. Eminent scientists who claim there is no such thing as the scientific method, or if exists, it is not
revealed by what they write, caution researchers about using template like approaches
• True
• False
15. One of the terms given below is defined as a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated
with certain events, objects, conditions, situations, and the like
• Construct
• Definition
• Concept
• Variable
16. This is an idea or image specifically invented for a given research and/or theory building purpose
• Concept
• Construct
• Definition
• Variables
17. The following are the synonyms for independent variable except
• Stimulus
• Manipulated
• Consequence
• Presumed Cause
18. The following are the synonyms for dependent variable except
• Presumed effect
• Measured Outcome
• Response
• Predicted fromâ€¦
19. In the research process, a management dilemma triggers the need for a decision.
• True
• False
20. Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic sections. They are:
• Research question and research methodology

• Research proposal and bibliography
• Research method and schedule
• Research question and bibliography
21. The purpose of the research proposal is:
• To generate monetary sources for the organization

• To present management question to be researched and its importance
• To discuss the research efforts of others who have worked on related management question.
22. A proposal is also known as a:
• Work plan
• Prospectus
• Outline
• Draft plan
• All of the above
23. Non response error occurs when you cannot locate the person or could not encourage the
respondent to participate in answering.
• True
• False
24. Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than
__________data.
• Tertiary
• Collective
• Research
• Primary
25. The purpose of __________________ research is to help in the process of developing a clear and
precise statement of the research problem rather than in providing a definitive answer.
• Marketing
• Causal
• Exploratory
• Descriptive
Answers
18. d. 19. a. 20. a. 21. a. 22. e. 23. a. 24. d. 25. c.
Research Methods - MCQ's

The items is one of several pages on the website, Designed to test visitor’s knowledge of the basic
concepts of business research. 25 Multiple Choice Questions are presented with the answers at the
end of the page.
Answers
18. d. 19. a. 20. a. 21. a. 22. e. 23. a. 24. d. 25. c.
1. In the research process, the management question has the following critical activity in sequence.
• Origin, selection, statement, exploration and refinement

• Origin, statement, selection, exploration and refinement
• Origin, exploration, selection, refinement, and statement
• Origin, exploration, refinement, selection and statement
2. The chapter that details the way in which the research was conducted is the _________ chapter
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Research methodology
• Data analysis
• Conclusion and recommendations
3. Business research has an inherent value to the extent that it helps management make better
decisions. Interesting information about consumers, employees, or competitors might be pleasant to
have, but its value is limited if the information cannot be applied to a critical decision.
• True
• False
4. The researcher should never report flaws in procedural design and estimate their effect on the
findings.
• True
• False
5. Adequate analysis of the data is the least difficult phase of research for the novice.
• True
• False
6. The validity and reliability of the data should be checked occasionally
• True
• False
7. Researchers are tempted to rely too heavily on data collected in a prior study and use it in the
interpretation of a new study
• True
• False
8. What is a good research? The following are correct except
• Purpose clearly defined

• Research process detailed
• Research design thoroughly planned
• Findings presented ambiguously
9. Greater confidence in the research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good
reputation in research, and is a person of integrity
• True
• False
10. A complete disclosure of methods and procedures used in the research study is required. Such
openness to scrutiny has a positive effect on the quality of research. However, competitive advantage
often mitigates against methodology disclosure in business research.
• True
• False
11. Research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide information for solving problems.
• True
• False
12. In deduction, the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given. In inductive argument
there is no such strength of relationship between reasons and conclusions.
• True
• False
13. Conclusions must necessarily follow from the premises. Identify the type of arguments that
follows the above condition.
• Induction
• Combination of Induction and Deduction
• Deduction Variables
14. Eminent scientists who claim there is no such thing as the scientific method, or if exists, it is not
revealed by what they write, caution researchers about using template like approaches
• True
• False
15. One of the terms given below is defined as a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated
with certain events, objects, conditions, situations, and the like
• Construct
• Definition
• Concept
• Variable
16. This is an idea or image specifically invented for a given research and/or theory building purpose
• Concept
• Construct
• Definition
• Variables
17. The following are the synonyms for independent variable except
• Stimulus
• Manipulated
• Consequence
• Presumed Cause
18. The following are the synonyms for dependent variable except
• Presumed effect
• Measured Outcome
• Response
• Predicted fromâ€¦
19. In the research process, a management dilemma triggers the need for a decision.
• True
• False
20. Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic sections. They are:
• Research question and research methodology

• Research proposal and bibliography
• Research method and schedule
• Research question and bibliography
21. The purpose of the research proposal is:

• To generate monetary sources for the organization
• To present management question to be researched and its importance
• To discuss the research efforts of others who have worked on related management question.
22. A proposal is also known as a:
• Work plan
• Prospectus
• Outline
• Draft plan
• All of the above
23. Non response error occurs when you cannot locate the person or could not encourage the
respondent to participate in answering.
• True
• False
24. Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than
__________data.
• Tertiary
• Collective
• Research
• Primary
25. The purpose of __________________ research is to help in the process of developing a clear and
precise statement of the research problem rather than in providing a definitive answer.
• Marketing
• Causal
• Exploratory
• Descriptive
Answers
18. d. 19. a. 20. a. 21. a. 22. e. 23. a. 24. d. 25. c.
Research Methodology MCQ

1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?
a. Kerlinger
b. CR Kothari
c. Goode and Hatt

d. Wilkinson
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Goode and Halt
Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode
and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's
knowledge as well as response skills.
2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?
a. Association among variables
b. Difference among variables
c. Regression among variables
d. Variations among variables
Answer: a) Association among variables
Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between
one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative
dependent variables.
3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is

carried out?
a. Research hypothesis
b. Synopsis of Research
c. Research paradigm
d. Research design
Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that
you require before research.
4) What is the main role of research in education?
a. To upsurge one's social status.
b. To increase one's job prospects.
c. To augment one's personal growth.
d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.
Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist
Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and

improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned
educationalist.
5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative

research?
a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.
Show Answer Workspace
6) How is random sampling helpful?
a. Reasonably accurate
b. An economical method of data collection
c. Free from personal biases
d. All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility
to get selected.
7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the

organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method
will be most appropriate for this study?
a. Descriptive survey method
b. Historical method
c. Ex-post facto method
d. Experimental method
Answer: c) Ex-post facto method
Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are
compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the
fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a
particular characteristic or trait.
8) Tippit table refers to as _________
a. Table of random digits
b. The table used in sampling methods
c. The table used in statistical investigations
d. All of the above
Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?
a. Developing a research design
b. Formulating a research question
c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d. Formulating a research hypothesis
Answer: b) Formulating a research question
Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question

or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research
design.
10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in
a. Writing of Seminar representation
b. Preparation of research paper/article
c. A research dissertation
d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper
Answer: c) A research dissertation
Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation,

or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.
11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of
participatory research?
a. It recognizes knowledge as power
b. It is a collective process of inquiry
c. It emphasizes people as experts
d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses

participation and action.
12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the
testing of hypotheses?
a. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.
Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.
13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?
a. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
d. None of the above
Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.
14) Research and Development become the index of development of the

country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?
a. R&D targets human development
b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the
country
d. All the above
Answer: d) All of the above.
Explanation: No explanation.
15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?
a. Long-term research
b. Short-term research
c. Horizontal research
Answer: a) Long-term research
Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the

researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred
over a while.
16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?
a. Goal-oriented
b. Following an aim
c. Attaining an aim
d. Praying to achieve an aim

Answer: b) Following an aim
17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________
a. How well are we doing?
b. Why are we doing?
c. What are we doing?
Answer: a) How well are we doing?
Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the
consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.
18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?
a. Research is not passive
b. Research is systematic
c. Research is not a problem-oriented
d. Research is not a process
Answer: d) Research is not a process
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.
19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern
society?
a. To learn new things

b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with

the objective
d. All of the above
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.
20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?
a. To over simplify the problem of research
b. To bring out the holistic approach to research
c. To create a new trend in research methodology
d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain
Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research
Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more

hypothetical disciplines into one activity.
21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________
a. Improve data interpretation
b. Confirm triangulation
c. Introduce new variables
d. Eliminate spurious relations
Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new
theories and discovering laws.
22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political

party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?
a. Rating Scale
b. Interview
c. Questionnaire
d. Schedule
Answer: c) Questionnaire
Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a

greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling
period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can
only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the
Questionnaire is used.
23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to

other situations?
a. Casual Comparative Research
b. Historical Research
c. Descriptive Research
d. Experimental Research
Answer: b) Historical Research
Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been
done in India.
24) How to judge the depth of any research?

a. By research title
b. By research duration
c. By research objectives
d. By total expenditure on research
Answer: c) By research objectives
Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve

through the research.
25) Who can successfully conduct Research?
a. Someone who is a hard worker
b. Possesses post-graduation degree
c. Has studied research methodology
d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability
Answer: c) Has studied research methodology
Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the
research.
26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?
a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Observation
d. Philosophical
Answer: c) Observation
Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or
techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new
information or create a better understanding of a topic.
27) A research problem is feasible only when
a. It has utility and relevance
b. It is new and adds something to knowledge
c. It is researchable
d. All of the above
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of

interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to be solved.
28) Circle graphs are used to show
a. How is one part related to other parts?
b. How various sections share in the whole?
c. How is one whole related to another whole?
d. How are various parts related to the whole?
Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?
Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.
29) Authenticity of a research finding is its
a. Validity
b. Objectivity
c. Originality
d. All of the above
Answer: b) Objectivity
30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?
a. Quota sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling
Answer: a) Quota sampling
Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal

opportunity to participate in the study.
31) What does a good thesis involve?
a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist

b) Correct reference citations
c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing
d) Well defined abstract
Select the answers from the codes given below:
a. b), c) and d)
b. a), b), c) and d)
c. a), b) and c)
d. a), b) and d)
Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to

research?
a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out

the solution to a problem.
b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses,
data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.
c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth,
d) It enhances knowledge.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
a. a), b), c) and d)
b. a), b) and c)
c. b), c) and d)
d. a), c) and d)
Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of
humans?
a. Evaluation Research
b. Fundamental Research
c. Applied Research
d. Action Research

Answer: b) Fundamental Research
Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea

that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating
the world around them.
34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?
a. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
b. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions;

Bibliography
c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions

and Conclusions
Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results;

Discussions and Conclusions
Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:
Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and

Conclusions
35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as
a. Sampling using a sampling frame
b. Identifying people who are suitable for research
c. Literally the researcher's brief case
d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by
the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and
the definition of the unit of analysis.
36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?
a. Systematic Sampling Technique
b. Purposive Sampling Technique
c. Area Sampling Technique
Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique
Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling

method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a
regular interval.
37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of
a. Social relevance
b. Financial support
c. Researcher's interest
d. Availability of relevant literature
Answer: a) Social relevance
38) The F-test:
a. Is essentially a two-tailed test.

b. Is essentially a one-tailed test.
c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
d. Can never be one tailed test.
Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses
Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has
an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.
39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of
population data?
a. Census
b. National Sample Surveys
c. Demographic Health Surveys
d. National Family Health Surveys
Answer: a) Census
Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.
40) The process not needed in experimental research is
a. Controlling
b. Observation
c. Reference collection
d. Manipulation and replication
Answer: b) Observation
41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?
a. It is new and adds something to knowledge
b. It can be researched
c. It has utility and relevance
d. It contains dependent and independent variables
Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned

area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a
troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing
towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.
42) How can we enhance the research objective?
a. By making it more valid
b. By making it more reliable
c. By making it more impartial
d. All of the above
Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the
research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the
accomplishment.
43) Action-research can be understood as ___________
a. A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
d. All of the above
Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research

methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.
44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?
a. The cultural background of the country
b. Universities
c. Some specific characteristics of castes
d. All of the above
Answer: a) The cultural background of the country
Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we

contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are
often based on assumptions.
45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research
development?
a. Descriptive Research
b. Philosophical Research
c. Action Research
d. All of the above
46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?
a. For setting the hypotheses
b. To understand the difference between two variables
c. To understand the relationship between two variables
d. To understand the difference between various variables
Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables
Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines

the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but
unobserved variables.
47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate
experimental research?
a. Manipulation
b. Controlling
c. Content analysis
d. Observation
Answer: a) Manipulation
Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables

(i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that
process is termed as an experimental manipulation.
48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in

quantitative terms?
a. Numerical Aptitude
b. Marital Status
c. Socio-economic Status
d. Professional Attitude
Answer: d) Professional Attitude
Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your

time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.
49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________
a. Vocational Interest
b. Human Relations
c. Professional Competence
d. Achievement Motivation
Answer: b) Human Relations
Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of

human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.
50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the
meaning of research as a process?
a. Problem Solving
b. Trial and Error
c. Objective Observation
d. Systematic Activity
Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and
investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by
developing and expressing your ideas.
Busi
nessResear
chMet
hods104
1.Thecharact
eri
sti
csofGoodResear
chare:
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c b.Sci
ent
if
ic c.Unbi
ased d.Al
loft
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ormul
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henextst
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ermi
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ti
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chi saveryi
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fect
s
fut
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onsoftheor gani
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charearesear
chplaysani
mport
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ecastc.Expandi ngexi
sti
ngbusiness
b.Explori
ngnewbusi nessd.Alloftheabove
5.Onthebasi
sofappli
cati
onwecandivi
detheresear
chas:
a.Pureandappli
edresear
chc.Expl
orat
oryorDescri
pti
ve
b.Theoret
ical
orEmpiri
cal d.Cr
ossSecti
onalandLongit
udi
nal
6.Thepur
poseofResear
chProposali
s
a.Prevent
sDi
str
acti
onfrom Act
ualTopi
cc.Toconvi
nceOt
her
s
b.FocusandDefi
neResearchPl
ansc.Alloft
heabov
e
7.Avari
ablet
hatispresumedtocauseachangei nanot
herv
ari
abl
eiscal
l
edas:
a.Categor
icalVar
iablec.DependentVar
iabl
e
b. I
ndependentVari
abled.I
nter
veningVari
abl
e
8.Conduct
ingSurv
eysisthemostcommonmet
hodofgener
ati
ng
a.PrimaryDat
ac.SecondaryData
b.Quali
tati
veDatad.Noneoft
heabove
9.Whatt
ypeofResearchisusedt
ot esthypot
hesesaboutcauseandef
fecti
ssues
a.Descr
ipt
iveResear
chc.Explorator
yResearch
b.Pri
maryResearchd.CausalResearch
10.Stati
sti
calhy
pothesi
swhi chisstatedforthepur
poseofpossi
bleaccept
ancei
s
cal
led:
a.NullHypothesi
sc.Alternati
veHy pothesi
s
b.AcceptedHy pot
hesi
sd.Al loftheabov e
11.
Themostcommonscal
esusedi
nbusi
nessr
esear
char
e:
a.Nomi nal c.Rat i
o
b.Or di
nald.Al loftheabove
12.
Ori
ginalsourcesfrom whicht
heresear
cherdi
rect
lycol
l
ect
sdat
athathasnot
beenprev i
ouslycoll
ected:
a.Pr i
mar yData c.Secondarydata
b.Ter t
iaryData d.Noneoft heabove
13.
Whi
chofthefoll
owingi sanecessarycomponentofdescr
ipt
iver
esear
ch?
a.Rev
iewingtheLiterat
ure c.Col l
ecti
ng&Analysi
ngData
b.I
denti
fyi
ngaPr oblem d.All
oftheabove
14.
Issuestobeconsi
deredforSecondarydat
aincl
udewhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng
a.Suf f
ici
ency c.Rel iabi
li
ty
b.Sui t
abi
li
ty d.All
oftheabov e
15.
Thecri
ter
iaforgoodscaleisdevel
opedby
:
a.Reli
abil
it
y c.sensi
ti
vit
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b.Practi
cal
ity d.All
oftheabove
16.
Researchthati
sconduct edwithouthav
ingaspeci
fi
cdeci
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ndi
scal
l
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a.basi cbusi
nessresearch
b.appl i
edbusinessresearch
c.ev al
uati
onresearch
d.per f
ormancemoni tori
ngresearch
17.
Resear cht hati
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fi
cbusi
nessdeci
sionf
oraspeci
fi
c
organizationiscalled
a.appl i
edbusi nessr esearch
b.basi cbusinessr esearch
c.ev aluat i
onresear ch
d.per formancemoni tori
ngresear
ch
18.
Secondarydatacanalmostal
way
sbeobt
ainedmor
equi
ckl
yandatal
owercost
than_____
_ _
___
data.
a.Tertiar
y
b.Collecti
ve
c.Resear ch
d.Primary
19.
AResearchproposal
isal
soknownasa:
a.Wor kplan
b.Prospectus
c.Outli
ne
d.Draftplan
e.Alloftheabove
20.
Astatementt hatisaccept edi
fthesampledataprov
idesuffi
cientev
idencethat
thenull
hy pot
hesisisf alseiscal
led:
(a)Si
mpl ehypothesis( b)Compositehy
pothesi
s(c)Stat
ist
icalhypot
hesis(d)
Al
ternati
vehy pothesis
21.Researcher
susebothopen-endedandclosed-
endedquest
ionst
ocol
l
ectdat
a.
Whichofthefol
l
owingstat
ement si
strue?
a.Open- endedquesti
onsdi r
ect l
yprovi
dequant i
tat
ivedatabasedont he
resear cher’
spredeter
mi nedresponsecat egor
ies
b.Cl osed-endedquestionsprov i
dequant i
tat
ivedataintheparti
cipant
’sown
wor ds
c.Open- endedquesti
onspr ovidequali
tati
vedataintheparti
cipant’
sownwor ds
d.Cl osed-endedquestionsdirectlypr
ovidequali
tat
ivedatainthepar t
ici
pant
s’
ownwor ds
22.Open-
endedquesti
onsprovi
depr
imar
il
y___
__ _dat
a.
a.Conf
ir
matorydata b.Qual
itati
vedata
c.Predi
cti
vedata d.Noneoft heabove
23.AnothernameforaLiker
tScaleisa(n)
:
a.I
nter
viewpr
otocol b.Ev entsampli
ng
c.Summatedrat
ingscale d.Ranking
24.
____
_ar eaperson’
sfeel
ings,convi
cti
ons,
orbel
i
efsaboutanobj
ect
,idea,
or
indi
vi
dual.
a.Atti
tudes c.Mot i
vat
ions
b.Psychographi
cs d.Li festy
ledata
25.
Whi
chONEoft
hesemet
hodsi
sthef
ast
estwayt
ocol
l
ectdat
a?
a.Onl
i
ne b.Per
sonal c.Phone d.Post
al
26.
Whi chONEofthesemethodsisthemostexpensi
vewayt
ocol
l
ectdat
aper
respondent
?
a.Online b.Per
sonal c.Phone d.Post al
27.
WhichONEofthesemethodsisthef
ast
estwayt
ocol
l
ectdat
a?
a.Onl
ine b.Per
sonal c.Phone d.Postal
28.Arevi
ewofthel
i
ter
atur
epr
iort
ofor
mul
ati
ngr
esear
chquest
ionsal
l
owst
he
r
esear
chert
o
a. Provi
deanup-to-
dat
eunderst
andingofthesubject
,it
ssi
gnif
icance,and
str
ucture
b.Guidethedevel
opmentofr
esearchquesti
ons
c.Presenttheki
ndsofr
esear
chmet hodol
ogiesusedinprev
iousstudies
d.Al
loft
heabov
e
29.
Resear
chhypothesesare:
a.Formulat
edpr i
ortoar ev
iewofthel
it
erat
ure
b.Statement
sofpr edi
ctedrel
ati
onshi
psbetweenv
ari
abl
es
c.BbutnotA
d.BothAandB
30.Whichoft hefoll
owingi sagoodr esearchquesti
on?
a.Topr oducear eportonst udentj
obsear chi
ngbehavi
ors
b.Toident i
fytherel
ationshipbetweenself-ef
fi
cacyandstudentj
obsearchi
ng
behav i
ors
c.Studentswithhigherl evel
sofself-
effi
cacywil
ldemonstrat
emor eacti
vejob
searchingbehav i
ors
d.Dost udentswithhighl evel
sofself-
effi
cacydemonstr
atemor eact
ivejob
searchingbehav i
ors?
Answer
s:
1.d
2.c
3.d
4.d
5.a
6.c
7.b
8.a
9.d
10.a
11.d
12.a
13.d
14.d
15.d
16.a
17.a
18.d
19.e
20.d
21.c
22.b
23.c
24.a
25.a
26.b
27.
a
28.
d
29.
c
30.
d
Introduction to Research
Unit 1
Multiple Choice Questions with Answer Key
1. Research is
a. Searching again and again

b. Finding solution to any problem
c. Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
Answer: c
2. The essential qualities of a researcher are
a. Spirit of free enquiry

b. Reliance on observation and evidence
c. Systematisation or theorising of knowledge
d. All the above
Answer: d
3. “Controlled Group” is a term used in _______
a. Survey research
b. Historical research
c. Experimental research
d. Descriptive research
Answer: c
4. How would you define 'the research process'?
a. The researcher's plan of action to be followed when carrying out

research.
b. A method of collecting research data.
c. The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a
research project.
d. The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the
study ready for publication.
Answer: c
5. A researcher wants to study the relationship of family size to

income. He classifies his population into different income slabs and
then takes a random sample from each slab in order. Which
technique of sampling is he working with?
a. Cluster sampling
b. Random sampling
c. Stratified random sampling
d. Systematic sampling
Answer: c
6. Random sampling is helpful as it is __________.
a. An economical method of data collection

b. Free from personal biases
c. Reasonably accurate
d. All the above
Answer: d
7. _________ is a preferred sampling method for the population
with finite size.
a. Area sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Systematic sampling
Answer: d
8. What is a research design?
a. A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory

b. The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
c. The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a
graph
d. A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
Answer: a
9. When each member of a population has an equally likely chance

of being selected, this is called:
a. A nonrandom sampling method

b. A quota sample
c. A snowball sample
d. An Equal probability selection method
Answer: d
10. Which of the following techniques yields a simple random
sample?
a. Choosing volunteers from an introductory psychology class to

participate
b. Listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosing a proportion
from within each ethnic group at random.
c. Numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a
random number table to pick cases from the table.
d. Randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within
the school.
Answer: c
11. Which of the following is not true about stratified random

sampling?
a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups

b. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their
population proportions
c. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful
for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup
comparisons are to be done
d. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative
sample
Answer: b
12. Which of the following statements are true?
a. The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
b. The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your
data analysis, the larger the sample needed
c. The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your
data analysis, the larger the sample needed
d. As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence
interval
Answer: b
13. Which of the following sampling techniques is an equal

probability selection method (i.e., EPSEM) in which every individual
in the population has an equal chance of being selected?
a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling
c. Proportional stratified sampling
d. All of the above
Answer: d
14. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?
a. Snowball sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Quota sampling
d. They are all forms of nonrandom sampling
Answer: d
15. Which of the following will give a more “accurate” representation
of the population from which a sample has been taken?
a. A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique

b. A small sample based on simple random sampling
c. A large sample based on simple random sampling
d. A small cluster sample
Answer: c
16. Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of

sampling in quantitative research?

b. Systematic sampling
c. Quota sampling
d. Purposive sampling
Answer: d
17. Which of the following would generally require the largest

sample size?
a. Cluster sampling
b. Simple random sampling
d. Proportional stratified sampling
Answer: a
18. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited
are used in the sampling method called ______.

b. Cluster sampling
d. Convenience sampling
Answer: d
19. Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher

determining the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified
as important, and then taking convenience samples from those
groups?
a. Proportional stratified sampling

b. Quota sampling
c. One-stage cluster sampling
d. Two-stage cluster sampling
Answer: b
20. A type of sampling used in qualitative research that involves

selecting cases that disconfirm the researcher's expectations and
generalisations is referred to as _______________.
a. Extreme case sampling

b. Typical-case sampling
c. Critical-case sampling
d. Negative-case sampling
Answer: d
21. In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does
the researcher ask the research participants to identify other
potential research participants?
a. Snowball
b. Convenience
c. Purposive
d. Quota
Answer: a
22. A number calculated with complete population data and

quantifies a characteristic of the population is called which of the
following?
a. A datum
b. A statistic
c. A parameter
d. A population
Answer: c
23. Which of the following would usually require the smallest

sample size because of its efficiency?
a. One stage cluster sampling

b. Simple random sampling
c. Two stage cluster sampling
d. Quota sampling
Answer: b
24. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as
_________.
a. Sampling
b. Census
c. Survey research
Answer: a
25. It is recommended to use the whole population rather than a

sample when the population size is of what size?
a. 500 or less
b. 100 or less
c. 1000 or less
d. you should always use a sample
Answer: b
26. Which of the following is not an example of a nonrandom

sampling technique?
a. Purposive
b. Quota
c. Convenience
d. Cluster
Answer: d
27. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to
select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making
statements about the larger population?
a. Convenience sampling

b. Quota sampling
d. Random sampling
Answer: d
28. ___________ is a set of elements taken from a larger

population according to certain rules.
a. Sample
b. Population
c. Statistic
d. Element
Answer: a
29. Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly

selecting a number between 1 and k, and including each kth
element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling?
a. Simple Random Sampling

b. Stratified Random Sampling
c. Systematic Sampling
d. Cluster sampling
Answer: c
30. The nonrandom sampling type that involves selecting a
convenience sample from a population with a specific set of
characteristics for your research study is called _____.
a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling
d. Snowball sampling
Answer: c
31. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalising

its findings?
a. quantitative research
b. qualitative research
c. mixed research
d. none of the above
Answer: b
32. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
a. the collection of nonnumerical data

b. an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses
c. research that is exploratory
d. research that attempts to generate a new theory
Answer: b
33. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or
categories is called ___.
a. a constant
b. a variable
c. a cause-and-effect relationship
d. a descriptive relationship
Answer: b
34. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another

variable is called a(n):
a. categorical variable
b. dependent variable
c. independent variable
d. intervening variable
Answer: c
35. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental

research except:
a. it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data

b. it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
c. it uses the deductive scientific method
d. it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
Answer: d
36. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the
following characteristics except:
a. it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the

topic of interest
b. it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and
pictures
c. it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about
phenomena in the world
d. it uses the inductive scientific method
Answer: a
37. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about

the existence of cause-and-effect relationships?
a. non experimental Research

b. experimental Research
Answer: b
38. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental

research?
a. extraneous variables are never present

b. a positive correlation usually exists
c. a negative correlation usually exists
d. manipulation of the independent variable
Answer: d
39. In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and
the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable.
a. basic research
b. quantitative research
c. experimental research
d. causal-comparative and correlational research
Answer: d
40. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research?
a. resistance to manipulation
b. manipulation of the independent variable
c. the use of open-ended questions
d. focuses only on local problems
Answer: b
41. A positive correlation is present when _______.
a. two variables move in opposite directions.

b. two variables move in the same direction.
c. one variable goes up and one goes down
d. several variables never change.
Answer: b
42. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the
independent variable.
a. causal-comparative research
b. experimental research
c. ethnography
d. correlational research
Answer: b
43. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative

variables?
a. age, temperature, income, height

b. grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance
c. gender, religion, ethnic group
d. both a and b
Answer: d
44. What is the opposite of a variable?
a. a constant
b. an extraneous variable
c. a dependent variable
d. a data set
Answer: a
45. In research, something that does not "vary" is called a
___________.
a. variable
b. method
c. constant
d. control group
Answer: c
46. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
a. Identify the design of the study

b. Identify the intent or objective of the study
c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study
d. Describe the study
Answer: b
47. A qualitative research question:
a. Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be

explored
b. Is generally an open-ended question
c. both a and b are correct
Answer: c
48. Sources of researchable problems can include:
a. Researchers’ own experiences as educators

b. Practical issues that require solutions
c. Theory and past research
d. All of the above
Answer: d
49. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light

of:
a. Cost and time required to conduct the study

b. Skills required of the researcher
c. Potential ethical concerns
d. All of the above
Answer: d
50. A research plan _____.
a. Should be detailed

b. Should be given to others for review and comments
c. Sets out the rationale for a research study
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Data Processing and Analysis
Unit 4
1. What is a hypothesis?
a. A statement that the researcher wants to test through the data

collected in a study.
b. A research question the results will answer.
c. A theory that underpins the study.
d. A statistical method for calculating the extent to which the results
could have happened by chance.
Answer: a
2. Qualitative data analysis is still a relatively new and rapidly

developing branch of research methodology.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
3.. The process of marking segments of data with symbols,

descriptive words, or category names is known as _______.
a. Concurring
b. Coding
c. Colouring
d. Segmenting
Answer: b
4. What is the cyclical process of collecting and analysing data
during a single research study called?
a. Interim analysis
b. Inter analysis
c. Inter-item analysis
d. Constant analysis
Answer: a
5. The process of quantifying data is referred to as _________.
a. Typology
b. Diagramming
c. Enumeration
d. Coding
Answer: c
6. An advantage of using computer programs for qualitative data is

that they _______.
a. Can reduce time required to analyse data (i.e., after the data are
transcribed)
b. Help in storing and organising data
c. Make many procedures available that are rarely done by hand
due to time constraints
d. All of the above
Answer: d
7. Boolean operators are words that are used to create logical
combinations.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
8. __________ are the basic building blocks of qualitative data.
a. Categories
b. Units
c. Individuals
Answer: a
9. This is the process of transforming qualitative research data from

written interviews or field notes into typed text.
a. Segmenting
b. Coding
c. Transcription
d. Mnemoning
Answer: c
10. A challenge of qualitative data analysis is that it often includes

data that are unwieldy and complex; it is a major challenge to make
sense of the large pool of data.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
11. Hypothesis testing and estimation are both types of descriptive
statistics.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
12. A set of data organised in a participants(rows)-by-

variables(columns) format is known as a “data set.”
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
13. A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called a ___
a. Line graph

b. Bar graph
c. Scatterplot
d. Vertical graph
Answer: b
14. ___________ are used when you want to visually examine the
relationship between two quantitative variables.
a. Bar graphs
b. Pie graphs
c. Line graphs
d. Scatterplots
Answer: d
15. The denominator (bottom) of the z-score formula is
a. The standard deviation

b. The difference between a score and the mean
c. The range
d. The mean
Answer: a
16. Which of these distributions is used for a testing hypothesis?
a. Normal Distribution
b. Chi-Squared Distribution
c. Gamma Distribution
d. Poisson Distribution
Answer b
17. A statement made about a population for testing purpose is

called?
a. Statistic
b. Hypothesis
c. Level of Significance
d. Test-Statistic
Answer: b
18. If the assumed hypothesis is tested for rejection considering it to
be true is called?
a. Null Hypothesis
b. Statistical Hypothesis
c. Simple Hypothesis
d. Composite Hypothesis
Answer: a
19. If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is

accepted?
a. Null Hypothesis
b. Positive Hypothesis
c. Negative Hypothesis
d. Alternative Hypothesis.
Answer: d
20. Alternative Hypothesis is also called as?
a. Composite hypothesis
b. Research Hypothesis
c. Simple Hypothesis
d. Null Hypothesis
Answer: b
Methods of Data Collection
Unit 3
1. Questionnaire is a _____
a. Research method
b. Measurement technique
c. Tool for data collection
d. Data analysis technique
Answer: c
2. What does the term 'reliability' indicate?
a. We can trust that the research has being carried out to a high
standard.
b. That the results are accurate.
c. That the researcher can be trusted.
d. That the tool of data collection can be regarded as measuring
accurately and consistently.
Answer: d
3. What is a pilot study?
a. A small scale study.

b. A study involving pilots.
c. A study to test the tool of data collection.
d. A study that is the first of its type.
Answer: c
4. How many points should a rating scale have?
a. Five
b. Four
c. Ten
d. Somewhere from 4 to 11 points
Answer: d
5. What is the problem(s) with this set of response categories to the

question “What is your current age?”
1-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
a. The categories are not mutually exclusive

b. The categories are not exhaustive
c. Both a and b are problems
d. There is no problem with the above set of response categories
Answer: c
6. Questionnaires can address events and characteristics taking

place when?
a. In the past (retrospective questions)

b. In the present (current time questions)
c. In the future (prospective questions)
d. All of the above
Answer: d
7. Which of the following are principles of questionnaire
construction?
a. Consider using multiple methods when measuring abstract

constructs
b. Use multiple items to measure abstract constructs
c. Avoid double-barrelled questions
d. All of the above
Answer: d
8. Which of these is not a method of data collection.
a. Questionnaires
b. Interviews
c. Experiments
d. Observations
Answer: c
9. Secondary/existing data may include which of the following?
a. Official documents
b. Personal documents
c. Archived research data
d. All of the above
Answer: d
10. Which of the following terms best describes data that were
originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a
different purpose?
a. Primary data
b. Secondary data
c. Experimental data
d. Field notes
Answer: b
11. Researchers use both open-ended and closed-ended questions

to collect data. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Open-ended questions directly provide quantitative data based

on the researcher’s predetermined response categories
b. Closed-ended questions provide quantitative data in the
participant’s own words
c. Open-ended questions provide qualitative data in the participant’s
own words
d. Closed-ended questions directly provide qualitative data in the
participants’ own words
Answer: c
12. Open-ended questions provide primarily ______ data.
a. Confirmatory data

b. Qualitative data
c. Predictive data
Answer: b
13. Which of the following is true concerning observation?
a. It takes less time

b. It costs less money
c. It is often not possible to determine exactly why the people
behave as they do
d. All of the above
Answer: c
14. When constructing a questionnaire it is important to do each of

the following except ______.
a. Use "leading" or "loaded" questions

b. Use natural language
c. Understand your research participants
d. Pilot your test questionnaire
Answer: a
15. Another name for a Likert Scale is a(n):
a. Interview protocol
b. Event sampling
c. Summated rating scale
d. Ranking

Answer: c
16. The type of interview in which the specific topics are decided in
advance but the sequence and wording can be modified during the
interview is called:
a. The interview guide approach

b. The informal conversational interview
c. A closed quantitative interview
d. The standardised open-ended interview
Answer: a
17. Which one of the following in not a major method of data

collection:
a. Questionnaires
b. Interviews
c. Secondary data
d. All of the above are methods of data collection
Answer: d
18. A question during an interview such as “Why do you feel that

way?” is known as a _____
a. Probe
b. Filter question
c. Response
d. Pilot
Answer: a
19. A census taker often collects data through which of the
following?
a. Standardised tests
b. Interviews
c. Secondary data
d. Observations
Answer: b
20. The researcher has secretly placed him or herself (as a

member) in the group that is being studied. This researcher may be
which of the following?
a. A complete participant
b. An observer-as-participant
c. A participant-as-observer
Answer: a
21. Which of the following is not a major method of data collection?
a. Questionnaires
b. Focus groups
c. Correlational method
d. Secondary data
Answer: c
22. Which type of interview allows the questions to emerge from the
immediate context or course of things?
a. Interview guide approach

b. Informal conversational interview
c. Closed quantitative interview
d. Standardised open-ended interview
Answer: b
23. When conducting an interview, asking "Anything else?, What do

you mean?, Why do you feel that way?," etc, are all forms of:
a. Contingency questions
b. Probes
c. Protocols
d. Response categories
Answer: b
24. When constructing a questionnaire, there are principles to which

you should adhere. Which of the following is not one of those
principles?
a. Do not use "leading" or "loaded" questions

b. Avoid double-barrelled questions
c. Avoid double negatives
d. Avoid using multiple items to measure a single construct
Answer: d
25. An ordinal scale is used to rank order people, objects, or
characteristics.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
26. Which scale is the simplest form of measurement?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
Answer: a
27. ______ tests focus on information acquired through the informal

learning that goes on in life.
a. Personality
b. Achievement
c. Aptitude
d. Intelligence
Answer: c
28. If a cricket coach calculates batting averages, what scale would
be used?
a. Interval scale
b. Ratio scale
c. Nominal scale
d. Ordinal scale
Answer: b
29. An ordinal scale is:
a. The simplest form of measurement

b. A rank-order scale of measurement
c. A scale with equal intervals between adjacent numbers
d. A scale with an absolute zero point
Answer: b
30. Qualitative observation is usually done for exploratory purposes;

it is also called ___________ observation.
a. Structured
b. Naturalistic
c. Complete
d. Probed
Answer: b
1.Researchis
(A)Searchi
ngagainandagain
(B)Fi
ndingsolut
iontoanyprobl
em
(C)Workinginascient
if
icwaytosear
chf
ort
rut
hofanypr
obl
em
(D)Noneoft heabove
2.Whi choft hefoll

owingi sthefir
ststepinst
art
ingt
her
esear
chpr
ocess?
(A)Sear chi
ngsour cesofi nformati
ontolocat
eprobl
em.
(B)Sur v
eyofr elat
edl i
ter
at ure
(C)Identifi
cati
onofpr oblem
(D)Sear chi
ngf orsolut
ionst otheproblem
3.Acommont esti
nresear
chdemandsmuchpr
ior
it
yon
(A)Rel
iabi
li
ty
(B)Usabil
i
ty
(C)Object
ivi
ty
(D)All
oftheabov e
4.Act
ionresearchmeans
(A)Alongi
tudinalresear
ch
(B)Anappli
edr esearch
(C)Aresearchinit
iatedt
osolveani
mmediat
epr
obl
em
(D)Aresearchwithsocioeconomi
cobj
ect
ive
5.Areasoningwher ewest artwi

thcer
tai
npar
ti
cul
arst
atement
sandconcl
udewi
tha
univ
ersalstatementiscall
ed
(A)DeductiveReasoning
(B)I
nductiveReasoning
(C)Abnormal Reasoning
(D)TranscendentalReasoning
6.Theessenti
alqual
it
iesofaresearcherare
(A)Spir
itoff
reeenqui
ry
(B)Reli
anceonobservati
onandevidence
(C)Systemat
izati
onortheor
izi
ngofknowl edge
(D)Allt
heabov e
7.Intheprocessofconducti
ngresear
ch‘
For
mul
ati
onofHy
pot
hesi
s”i
sfol
l
owedby
(A)StatementofObjecti
ves
(B)Analysi
sofData
(C)Selecti
onofResearchTools
(D)Collect
ionofDat
a

8.Aresearchpaperi
sabriefr
eportofr
esear
chwor
kbasedon
(
A)Pri
mar yDataonly
(
B)SecondaryDataonly
(
C)BothPrimaryandSecondaryData
(
D)Noneoft heabove
9.Anappr opri
atesour
cet
ofi
ndoutdescr
ipt
ivei
nfor
mat
ioni
s..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
(A)Bibli
ogr aphy
(B)Directory
(C)Ency cl
opedia
(D)Dicti
onar y
10.“Controll
edGr oup”isater
m usedi
n..
..
..
..
..
..
...
(A)Surveyresearch
(B)Hist
oricalr
esear ch
(C)Experi
ment alresearch
(D)Descri
ptiveresearch
11.Testi
nghy pothesisisa
(A)I
nferent
ialstatisti
cs
(B)Descri
pti
vest atist
ics
(C)Datapreparation
(D)Dataanalysi
s

12.Themet hodt hatconsistsofcoll
ect
ionofdatathr
oughobservat
ionand
experi
ment at i
on,formulat
ionandtesti
ngofhypothesi
siscall
ed
(
A)Empi ri
calmet hod
(
B)Sci entif
icmet hod
(
C)Sci entif
icinformati
on
(
D)Pr acticalknowledge
(
E)
13.Inf
ormat ionacqui r
edbyexperienceorexper
imentati
oniscal
ledas
(A)Empi r
ical
(B)Sci
ent i
fi
c
(C)Facts
(D)Scienti
ficev i
dences
14.“Al
lli
vingthingsar
emadeupofcel l
s.Bl
uewhalei
sal
i
vingbei
ng.Ther
efor
ebl
ue
whaleismadeupofcel ls”.Ther
easoni
ngusedher
eis
(A)I
nductive
(B)Deductiv
e
(C)BothAandB
(D)Hypotheti
c-Deduct
ive
15.Thereasoningthatusesgener
alpr
inci
plet
opr
edi
ctspeci
fi
cresul
tiscal
l
ed
(A)I
nductive
(B)Deducti
ve
(C)BothAandB
(D)Hypotheti
c-Deduct
ive
16.Allresearchprocessstar
tswith
(A)Hypot hesis
(B)Experiment st
otesthypothesi
s
(C)Obser vati
on
(D)Allofthese
17.Thequal
it
yofaresearchst udyisprimar
il
yassessedon:
(A)Thepl
aceofpubl
icat
ion.
(B)Thewaysinwhi
chther ecommendat i
onsarei
mpl ement
ed
(C)Theri
gorwit
hwhichitwasconduct ed
(D)Thenumberoft
imesi ti
sr epli
cated.
18.Whichofthef
oll
owingisnotanappropr
iat
esourcef
oracademi
cresear
ch?
(A)Anonli
neencycl
opedia
(B)Agovernment
-basedresearchor
gani
zat
iondat
abase
(C)Apeerrevi
ewedjour
nal ar
ti
cle
(D)Atextbook
19.'
Researchmet hodology'ref
ersto:
(A)Thesampl i
ngtechni que
(B)Thetoolsthattheresearcheruse
(C)Thechainofassoci ati
onbetweenther
esear
chquest
ionandt
her
esear
chdesi
gn
(D)Qual
itat
ivemet hods
20.Aresearchershoul
d:
(A)Beconst r
ainedbytheresearchofother
s
(B)Useevenanony moussourcesiftheyappearr
elev
ant
(C)Useonlysourcesthatappearcredi
ble
21.Resear
chis
(A)Apurposef
ul,syst
ematicacti
vit
y
(B)Pri
mari
lyconductedforpurel
yacademi cpurposes
(C)Pri
maril
yconductedtoanswerquest i
onsaboutpract
ical
issues
(D)Arandom,unplannedprocessofdiscovery
22.Whenconduct i
ngar eviewofl i
ter
atur
eonapar t
icularsubj
ect
, t
heresear
cher
shoul
d
(A)Readallav
ail
abl
emat eri
alonthesubject
(B)Readthewholejour
nal arti
cleandthendecidewhetherornotitisusef
ul
(C)Readstr
ategi
call
yandcr i
ti
call
y
(D)Readful
lyonl
ythoset extsthatappeartoagreewit
hhi s/
herpointofvi
ew
23.Thet womai nstyl

esofr esear
char
e
(A)Datacollecti
onanddat acoding
(B)Sur
v eysandquest i
onnaires
(C)Sampl i
ngandr ecordi
ng
(D)Qualit
ati
v eandquanti
tative
24.Qual
it
ati
veresearchi
s:
(A)Notasri
gorousasquanti
tat
iver
esearch
(B)Pr
imari
lyconcer
nedwiththecol
lecti
onandanal y
sisofnumer
ical
dat
a
(C)Pr
imari
lyconcernedwi
thin-
depthexplor
ati
onofphenomena
(D)Pr
imari
lyconcernedwi
ththequali
tyoftheresearch
25.Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
chi
nvol
ves
(
A)I
ntervi
ewingpeopl
etofindoutt hei
rdeeplyhel
dviewsabouti
ssues
(
B)Coll
ecti
ngdatainnumericalf
orm
(
C)Morerigort
hanquali
tat
iveresearch
(
D)I
ntervi
ewingever
ymemberoft hetargetpopul
ati
on
26.Whatisthebasisoft hescienti
fi
cmet hod
(A)Totesthypot
hesi si
ncondi ti
onsthatar econducivet
oitssuccess
(B)Toformulat
ear esearchproblem anddi sprovethehypothesi
s
(C)Toformulat
ear esearchproblem, testthehypothesi
sincareful
l
ycontr
oll
ed
condi
ti
onsthatchallengethehy pothesis
(D)Totesthypothesisandiftheyaredi sprov
ed,theyshouldbeabandonedcompl
etel
y
27.Ofall
thestepsint heresear
chpr
ocess,
theonet
hatt
ypi
cal
l
ytakest
hemostt
imei
s
(A)Dat
acollecti
on
(B)For
mulatingtheproblem
(C)Sel
ecti
ngar esearchmet hod
(D)Devel
opingahy pothesis
28.Theconceptsi
nahy
pot
hesi
sar
est
atedas
(A)Variables
(B)Theories
(C)I
ndices
(D)Ideas
29.Inorderforav ar
iabl
etobemeasur
ed,
aresear
chermustpr
ovi
dea
(A)Oper ati
onaldefi
niti
on
(B)Hy pothesi
s
(C)Theory
(D)Scale
30.Whi chofthefol
lowingwasnoti
dent
if
iedasamaj
orr
esear
chdesi
gn?
(A)secondaryresearch
(B)Surveys
(C)Fiel
dResearch
(D)ethnography
31.Whenanumberofresear
cher
suset hesameoperat
ionaldef
ini
ti
ont
omeasur
ea
vari
abl
eandachiev
ethesameresul
ts,
themeasureissaidtobe
(A)I
nstrument
al
(B)Reli
able
(C)Vali
d
(D)Factual
32.Therearev arioustypesofr esear

chdesi
gnedt
oobtai
ndif
fer
entt
ypesof
i
nformation.Whatt y
peofr esearchisusedt
odefi
nepr
oblemsandsuggesthy
pot
heses?
(A)Descript
iveResear ch
(B)Pri
mar yresear ch
(C)Secondaryr esearch
(D)Causal r
esear ch
33.Whatt ypeofr esearchwouldbeappr
opr
iat
einthefol
l
owi
ngsit
uati
on?
Nestléwant stoinvest
igat
ethei
mpactofchi
ldr
enont
hei
rparent
s'deci
sionst
o
buybreakfastf oods.
(A)Quantit
ativer esearch.
(B)Quali
tati
v eresear ch
(C)Secondar yResear ch
(D)Mixedmet hodol ogy
34.Whatt y
peofr esearchwouldbeappropr
iat
einthefoll
owingsi
tuat
ion?
Acollegeoruniversi
tybookshopwantstogetsomeinsightsi
ntohowstudent
sfeel
abouttheshop'smer chandi
se,pr
icesandserv
ice.

(A)Secondarydata
(B)Quali
tati
veresearch
(C)Focusgroups
(D)Quantit
ati
veresearch
35.TheInternetisapowerfulmechanism forconductingresearch.Howev eritdoes

haveitsdrawbacks.Whichoft hefol
lowingsignifyt
hesedr awbacks?
(A)Thepossi bleincl
usi
onofindivi
dualsnotbei ngtar
geted,thatcouldskewt heresul
ts
(B)Lackofi nfor
mat i
onaboutthepopulati
onr espondi
ngt othequestionnair
e.
(C)Eyecont actandbodylanguage,(
twousef ul r
esear
chi ndi
cators)areexcludedfrom
theanalysis
(D)Alloftheabov e
36.____
_____
_ _
__resear
chi
sthegat
her
ingofpr
imar
ydat
abywat
chi
ngpeopl
e.
(A)Experi
mental
(B)Causal
(C)I
nformati
v e
(D)Observat
ional
37.Whichisthebestt
ypeofr
esear
chappr
oachf
orgat
her
ingcausal
inf
ormat
ion?
(A)Observat
ional
(B)I
nformati
v e
(C)Experi
ment al
(D)Survey
38.Theoutcomeofwhati sbei
ngmeasur
edi
ster
med:
(A)I
ndependentVar i
able
(B)DependentVariable
(C)Predi
ctorvar
iable
(D)Hypotheti
calVariabl
e
39.Whi chofthefoll
owingwouldoccuri nal ongitudi
nalstudy:
(A)Measur esaretakenfr
om dif
ferentparti
cipant soveranextendedperiodofti
me
(B)Partici
pat
ionisexpectedt
olastf orami nimum of24hour s
(C)Measur esaretakenfr
om samepar t
ici
pant sondi f
ferentoccasi
onsusuall
yover
extendedperiodoftime
(D)Measur esaretakenfr
om parti
cipantsinatl east6differ
entcountr
ies
w
40.Endeav orstoexpl
ain,
predi
ct,
and/
orcont
rol
phenomenaar
ethegoal
of
(A)Scienti
ficmethod
(B)Tradit
ion
(C)I
nduct i
velogic
(D)Deduct i
velogi
c
41.Ms.Casi l
lashasbeencoor di
nat
ingtheHall
oweenFesti
val
atherschoolfort
helast
sever
al years.Shewantst obesurethestudent
sandparent
senjoyt
hefesti
valagai
n
thi
syear.Onwhi chsourceissheLEASTlikel
ytorel
ywhenmakingdeci
sionsabout
whattodo?
(A)Tradi
t i
on
(B)Research
(C)Personal exper
ience
(D)Expertopi ni
on
42.Thesci ent
ifi
cmet
hodi
spr
efer
redov
erot
herway
sofknowi
ngbecausei
tismor
e
(A)Reli
able
(B)Systemat i
c
(C)Accurate
(D)Allofthese
43.Whi choft hefollowingstepsofthescient

if
icmet
hodisexempl
i
fiedbythe
researcherreviewingtheliterat
ureandfocusi
ngonaspeci
fi
cprobl
em thathasy
ett
obe
resolved?
(A)Descr i
bet heprocedurest ocoll
ecti
nformati
on
(B)Identi
fyat opic.
(C)Anal y
zet hecollectedinformati
on
(D)Statether esult
soft hedat aanal
ysi
s
44.Whi choft hef ollowingistheLEASTl egiti

materesearchproblem?Thepur poseof
thisstudyist o
(A)underst andwhati tmeanst obeapar tofabaseballt
eam atahi ghschool knownfor
i
tschampi onshi pt eams.
(B)studywhet herphy sical
educationshoul dbetaughtinelementaryparochi
al school
s.
(C)exami net her elat i
onshi
pbet weent henumberofhour sspentstudyingandst udent
s
testscores
(D)exami net heef fectofusingadv ancedorgani
z er
sonf if
thgradestudentsreading
compr ehensi on
45.Ther esearchpr ocessi sbestdescr i

bedasa
(A)Methodt osel ectaf rameofr eference
(B)Setofr ul
est hatgov ernt heselectionofsubj
ect
s
(C)Seriesofst epscompl et
edi nal ogical
order
(D)Planthatdirectst her esearchdesi gn
46.Aresear
chpr oposal
isbestdescri
bedasa
(A)Fr
amewor kfordatacoll
ect
ionandanaly
sis
(B)Ar
gumentf orthemeritoft
hestudy
(
C)Descr
ipt
ionofhowtheresear
cherpl
anstomai ntai
nanethi
cal
per
spect
ivedur
ing
t
hest
udy
(
D)Descr
ipt
ionofther
esearchpr
ocessforaresearchproj
ect
47.Thepur poseofal i
teratur
ereviewisto:
(A)Usethelit
eraturet
oi denti
fypresentknowl
edgeandwhati sunknown
(B)Assi
stindefiningt
hepr oblem andoperati
onaldefi
niti
on
(C)I
denti
fystrengthsandweaknessesofpr evi
ousstudies
(D)All
oftheabov e
48.Thestatement'
Toident
if
ytherel
ati
onshi
pbetweentheti
methepatientspendson
theoperati
ngtabl
eandthedevel
opmentofpressur
eulcer
s'i
sbestdescri
bedasa
resear
ch:
(A)Object
ive
(B)Aim
(C)Questi
on
(D)Hypothesi
s
49.Anoperati
onal def
initi
onspecifi
es
(A)Thedat
aanal ysistechniquestobeusedinthest udy
(B)Thel
evelsofmeasur ementtobeusedi nthestudy
(C)Howav ari
ableorconceptwi l
lbedef
inedandmeasur edinthestudy
(D)Howtheout comeoft heresear
chobjecti
vesforthestudywil
lbemeasur
ed
50.Astat ementoft heexpectedr el

ati
onshi
pbet
weentwoormor evar
iabl
esisknown
asthe:
(A)Conceptdef init
ion
(B)Hypot hesi
s
(C)Problem statement
(D)Resear chquest i
on
51.Therei snodi ff
erenceintheinci
denceofphl
ebi
ti
saroundi
ntrav
enouscannulae
changedev er
y72hour sandthosechangedat96hours'
isanexampleofa:
(A)Nullhy pot
hesi s
(B)Dir
ectionalhy pothesi
s
(C)Non-di r
ecti
onal hypothesi
s
(D)Si
mpl ehy pothesis
52.Whichofthefollowingst at
ement smeetsthecri
teri
aforaresearchabl
equesti
on?
(A)I
stheuseofnor mal sali
netocleansewoundshar mfultopati
ent
s?
(B)Dogeneral
istregisterednursesmeetthement alhealt
hneedsofgener al
pati
ents?
(C)Dopall
iat
ivecarepat ientshavespir
it
ualneeds?
(D)Whatarethepat ientspercepti
onsoftheeffect
ivenessofpre-
operati
veeducat
ion
fort
otalhi
preplacement ?
53.Ther esearcherneedst ocl

earl
yidenti
fyt
heaim oft
hest
udy ;
thequest
iontobe
answered; t
hepopul at
ionofi
nter
est;i
nfor
mationt
obecoll
ected,andf
easi
bil
it
yinorder
todeci
deont her esearch
(A)Designandmet hod
(B)Designandassumpt i
ons
(
C)Pur
poseanddataanal
ysi
s
(
D)Pur
poseandassumpti
ons
54.Av ariablethatchangesduet
otheact
ionofanot
herv
ari
abl
eisknownast
he
(A)Independentv ari
able
(B)Extraneousv ari
able
(C)Compl exvari
able
(D)DependentVar i
able
55.Whenpl anningt odosocialresearch,

itisbet
terto
(A)Approacht hetopicwithanopenmi nd
(B)Doapi l
otst udybefor
eget t
ingstuckintoit
(C)Befamiliarwiththeli
terat
ureont hetopic
(D)For
getaboutt heor
ybecauset hisisav er
ypracti
calunder
taki
ng
56.Whichcomesf irst
, t
heoryorr
esearch?
(A)Theorybecauseot herwi
seyouar eworki
nginthedark
(B)Researchbecauset hati
sonlythewayy oucandevelopatheor
y
(C)I
tdependsony ourpointofvi
ew
(D)Thequestionismeani ngl
ess,becauseyoucannothaveonewithoutt
heot
her
57.Wereviewtherel
evantli
ter
aturetoknow
(A)Whatisalr
eadyknownaboutt hetopic
(B)Whatconceptsandtheori
eshav ebeenappl
i
edt
othet
opi
c
(C)Whoarethekeycontri
butorstothetopic
(D)Al
loftheabove
58.Adeducti
vet heoryi
sonet hat:
(A)Al
lowstheorytoemer geoutoft hedat a
(B)I
nvolv
estestinganexpl i
cit
lydef
inedhy pothesi
s
(C)Al
lowsforfindingst
of eedbacki ntothestockofknowl
edge
(D)Usesquali
tati
vemet hodswhenev erpossi
ble
59.Whichoft hefol
l
owingisnotat
ypeofr
esear
chquest
ion?
(A)Predict
inganoutcome
(B)Evaluat
ingaphenomenon
(C)Developinggoodpract
ice
(D)Ahy pothesi
s
60.Becauseofthenumberoft hi
ngsthatcangowr
ongi
nresear
cht
her
eisaneedf
or:
(A)Fl
exibi
li
tyandPersev erance
(B)Sympatheti
csupervisors
(C)Anemer gencysourceoff inance
(D)Wisdom toknowt her i
ghtt i
metoquit
61.__
____
____researchseekstoi
nvest
igat
eanar eat
hathasbeenunderr
esear
ched
wit
hprel
iminarydatathathel
psshapethedir
ect
ionforf
utur
eresear
ch.
(A)Descri
pti
ve
(
B)Expl
orator
y
(
C)Expl
anatory
(
D)Posi
ti
vist
62.Resear
chquesti
onsi
nqual
i
tat
ivest
udi
est
ypi
cal
l
ybegi
nwi
thwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng
words?
(A)Why
(B)How
(C)What
(D)All
oftheabove
63.Qualit
ativeresear
chersseektoanaly
zewhichofthef ol
lowing?
(A)Numer icaldataderi
vedfr
om thefr
equencyofpart
icularbehavi
ors
(B)Stati
sti
cal associ
ati
onsbetweenvari
abl
es
(C)Thesoci almeaningpeopleatt
ri
butetot
heirexper
iencesandcircumst
ances
(D)Alloftheabov e
64.Whi chofthefol
l
owingisnotaqual
i
tat
iver
esear
chmet
hodol
ogy
?
(A)Randomizedcontrol
tri
al
(B)Et
hnography
(C)GroundedTheory
(D)Phenomenology
65.Whichoft hefol
lowingdatacol
l
ect
ingmet
hodsi
snotnor
mal
l
yusedi
nqual
i
tat
ive
resear
ch?
(A)Parti
cipantobservati
on
(B)Focusgroups
(C)Questi
onnaire
(D)Semi-
st r
uctur
edi nt
ervi
ew
66.Thefoll
owingj
ournalart
icl
ewouldbeanexampleof--
--
--
--
-resear
ch.
“Thebenefit
soffl
orescentl
ighti
ngonproduct
ioni
nafactor
ysetti
ng”
(A)Appli
ed
(B)Basic
(C)I
ntervi
ew
(D)Stupi
d
67.Thesci ent
ifi
cmethodi
spr
efer
redov
erot
herway
sofknowi
ngbecausei
tismor
e
(A)Reli
able
(B)Systemat i
c
(C)Accurate
(D)Alloftheabov e
68.Quanti
tati
v eresearcher’
spreoccupationwithgeneral
izat
ionisanat
temptt
o:
(A)Devel
opt hel awli
kef i
ndingsofthenat ur
alsciences
(B)Boosttheirchancesofpubl i
cati
on
(C)Enhancethei nter
nal v
alidi
tyoftheresearch
(D)Demonst r
at ethecompl extechniquesofstati
sti
calanaly
sis
69.Whatist hebasisoft hescient i
fi
cmet hod?
(A)Totesthy pothesesincondi tionst hatar
econduci vet
oitssuccess
(B)Toformul atearesearchpr obl em anddispr ov
ethehypothesis
(C)Tof or
mul at
ear esearchpr obl em, t
estthehypothesi
sincareful
l
ycontr
oll
ed
condi
ti
onst hatchallenget hehy pot hesis
(D)Totesthy pothesesandi ftheyar edispr
ov ed,t
heyshouldbeabandonedcompl
etel
y
70.Ali
ter
aturerev
iewr
equi
res
(A)Pl
anni
ng
(B)Cl
earwrit
ing
(C)Goodwrit
ing
(D)Al
loftheabove
71.Thefactsthatshouldbecol
l
ect
edt
omeasur
eav
ari
abl
e,dependupont
he
(A)Conceptualunderst
andi
ng
(B)Di
cti
onarymeani ng
(C)Operat
ionaldefi
niti
on
(D)Al
loftheabov e
72.Whichoft hef ol
l
owingistheBESThy pothesis?
(A)Studentstakingformati
vequizzeswi l
lperform bet
teronchapterexamsthan
studentsnottakingthesequizzes
(B)Tall
erstudentswi l
lhavehighertestscor
est hanshorterst
udents
(C)Studentstaughtinacooper ati
vegroupset ti
ngshoulddobetterthanst
udent
sina
tradi
ti
onalclass
(D)Studentsusinglaptopswilldowel l
73.Whichofthefollowingi
sthebesthypothesi
sstatementtoaddresstheresear
ch
questi
on?
“Whatimpactwill
thenewadv ert
isi
ngcampai gnhaveonuseofbr andB”?
(A)Thenewadv ert
isingcampai
gnwi l
limpactbrandBimage
(B)Thenewadv ert
isingcampai
gnwi l
li
mpactbr andBimaget r
ial
(C)Thenewadv ert
isingcampai
gnwi l
li
mpactbr andBusageatt heexpenseofbrandC
(D)Thenewadv ert
isingcampai
gnwi l
limpactbrandB’smarketpenetr
ation
74.Quali
tativ
eandquant i
tat
iver
esear
char
ethecl
assi
fi
cat
ionsofr
esear
chont
hebasi
s
of
(A)Useoft heresearch
(B)Ti
medi mensi on
(C)Techniquesused
(D)Purposeoft heresear
ch
75.Rati
onalism i
st heappl
i
cat
ionof
(A)ResearchSolution
(B)Logi
candar gument s
(C)Reasoning
(D)Previ
ousf i
ndings
76.Whydoy ouneedt oreviewtheexist
ingli
terat
ure?
(A)Togiveyourdi
ssertati
onapr operacademicappearancewithlot
sofr
efer
ences
(B)Becausewit
houtit,youcouldneverreachtherequi
redwor dcount
(C)Tofindoutwhatisalreadyknownabouty ourareaofint
erest
(D)Tohelpinyourgeneralstudyi
ng
77.Theappl i
cati
onoft hesci
ent
if
icmet
hodt
othest
udyofbusi
nesspr
obl
emsi
scal
l
ed
(A)I
nduct i
vereasoning
(B)Deductivereasoning
(C)Businessresearch
(D)GroundedTheor y
78.Anoperati
onaldefi
niti
on
(A)Onethatbearsnorelati
ontotheunderl
yi
ngconcept
(B)Anabstr
act,t
heoreti
caldefi
nit
ionofaconcept
(C)Adefi
nit
ionofaconcepti nter
msofspecifi
c,empi
ri
cal
measur
es
(D)Onethatref
erstooperasingersandthei
rwork
79.Accordi
ngtoempi ri
cism,
whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
stheul
ti
mat
esour
ceofal
lour
conceptsandknowledge?
(A)Percept
ions
(B)Theory
(C)Sensoryexperi
ences
(D)Logicsandarguments
80.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
smostbenef
ici
alt
oreadi
nanar
ti
cle?
(A)Methods
(B)I
ntr
oducti
on
(C)Fi
gures
(D)Ref
erences
81.Whichofthefoll
owingisnotaf unct
ionofcl
earl
yidenti
fi
edresear
chquest
ions?
(A)Theyguideyourl
iter
aturesearch
(B)Theykeepyoufocusedt hroughoutt
hedatacol
lect
ionperiod
(C)Theymaket hescopeofy ourresear
chaswideaspossible
(D)Theyareli
nkedtogethertohelpyouconstr
uctacoherentargument
82.Hypothesisr
eferst
o
A.Theoutcomeofanex peri
ment
B.Aconclusiondrawnfrom anexperiment
C.Aform ofbiasinwhichthesubjecttr
iestoout
guesst
heexper
iment
er
D.Atentati
vestatementabouttherelat
ionshi
p
83.St
atisti
csisusedbyr esearchersto
A.Analyzetheempiricaldatacoll
ectedinastudy
B.Maket hei
rfi
ndingssoundbet ter
C.Operati
onall
ydefinetheirvari
abl
es
D.Ensurethestudycomesoutt hewayi twasint
ended
84.Ali
terat
urerevi
ewisbasedont heassumpti
ont
hat
A.Copyfrom theworkofother
s
B.Knowledgeaccumulatesandlearnsf
rom t
hewor
kofot
her
s
C.Knowledgedisaccumulat
es
D.Noneoft heaboveopti
on
85.At heoreti
calframewor k
A.Elaboratestheresearcher
samongt hevari
ables
B.Explai
nst helogi
cunder l
yingtheseresear
chers
C.Describesthenat ur
eanddi rect
ionoftheresear
cher
s
D.Alloftheabov e
86.Whichofthef ol
l
owingst atementi snott r
ue?
A.Aresearchproposalisadocumentt hatpresent
saplanf
orapr oject
B.Aresearchproposalshowst hatther esear
cheri
scapabl
eofsuccessf ul
l
yconducti
ng
theproposedresearchproject
C.Aresearchproposalisanunor ganizedandunplannedpr
oject
D.Aresearchproposalisjustl
ikear esearchrepor
tandwri
tt
enbef oretheresear
ch
Proj
ect
87.Preli
mi narydat acol
lect
ioni
sapar
toft
he
A.Descr i
ptiveresearch
B.Exploratoryresearch
C.Appliedr esearch
D.Explanator yresearch
88.Conductingsur
veysi
sthemostcommonmet
hodofgener
ati
ng
A.Pri
mar ydata
B.Secondarydata
C.Quali
tati
vedata
D.
Noneoft heabove
89.Af
teridentif
y i
ngtheimpor t
antvari
abl
esandestabl
i
shingt
hel
ogi
cal
reasoni
ngi
n
Theor
eti
cal f
ramewor k,thenextstepinther
esear
chprocessi
s
A.Toconductsur veys
B.Togeneratet hehypothesis
C.Tofocusgr oupdiscussions
D.Touseexper imentsinani nvest
igat
ion
90.Theappropri
ateanalyt
ical
techni
quei
sdet
ermi
nedby
A.Theresearchdesign
B.Natur
eoft hedatacoll
ected
C.Natur
eoft hehypothesi
s
D.BothA&B
91.Discretevar
iableisal
socal
l
ed……….
A.Categori
calvari
able
B.Disconti
nuousv ar
iabl
e
C.
BothA&B
D.Noneoft
heabov
e

92.“Of ficersi nmyor ganizati
onhav ehigherthanaveragel
evelofcommit
ment
”Sucha
hypot
hesi si sanexampl eof……….
A.
Descr iptiv eHypothesis
B.Dir
ect ional Hypothesi
s
C.Relational Hypothesis
D.Alloft heabov e
93.‘
Sci ence’ ref
ersto……….
A.Asy st em f orproducingknowl edge
B.Theknowl edgeproducedbyasy stem
C.
BothA&B
D.Noneoft heabov e
94.Whi choneoft hef ol
lowingisnotachar acter
ist
icofsci
enti
fi
cmethod?
A.Deter mi nistic
B.Rational ism
C.Empi rical
D.
Abst ract i
on
95.Thetheoret
ical
framewor
kdi
scussest
hei
nter
rel
ati
onshi
psamongt
he……….
A.
Vari
ables
B.Hypothesi
s
C.Concept
D.Theory
96.………resear chisbasedonnat
ural
i
sm.
A.
Fiel
dresearch
B.Descri
ptiveresearch
C.Basicresearch
D.Appli
edr esearch
97.Rati
onali
sm istheappl
i
cat
ionofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
A.Logicandarguments
B.Researchsoluti
on
C.Reasoning
D.Previ
ousfindings
98-Onwhi choft hef oll

owi
ng,sci
ent
if
icknowledgemostl
yrel
i
es?
A.Logical understanding
B.Identif
icati
onofev ents
C.Priorknowl edge
D.Allofthegi venopt ions

99-Whi choft hef ol
lowingref
erstor
esearchsuppor
tedbymeasur
abl
e
evi
dence?
A.Opinion
B.Empi ri
cism
C.Specul ati
on
D.Rat i
onalism
100.Researchmet hodi sappl i
cableinal l
oft hefol
lowingfields,
EXCEPT;
A.Healthcare
B.Reli
gion
C.Business
D.Governmentof fices

101.Allofthef ol
l
owi ngar etr
uest atement saboutactionresearch,
EXCEPT;
A.Dataar esystemat icallyanal
y zed
B.Dataar ecoll
ectedsy stematicall
y
C.Resultsaregener alizable
D.Resultsareusedt oi mprovepr acti
ce

102.Whichoft hefollowi ngischar acteristi
cofact i
onresear ch?
A.Vari
ablesar eti
ght lycont r
oll
ed
B.Resultsaregener alizable
C.Dataar eusuall
yqual it
ativ
e
D.Resultsdemonst r
at ecause-and- effectrelati
onships
103.“Incomedi stribut ionofempl oyees”inaspeci ficorgani

zati
onisanexampleof
whichoff oll
owi ngt ypeofv ar
iabl
e?

A.Discont inuousv ar iable
B.Cont inuousv ariabl e
C.Dependentv ar i
abl e
D.Independentv ariabl e

104.“Ther ei snor elat ionshipbetweenhi ghermot ivati
onlevelandhi
ghereff
ici
ency
”is
an
exampl eofwhi cht ypeofhy pothesis?
A.Alter nat i
ve
B.Nul l
C.Cor elational
D.Resear ch

105.Whi choft hef ollowingisnotar oleofhy pothesis?
A.Gui dest hedi rect ionoft hestudy
B.Det ermi nef easi bi li
tyofconduct i
ngt hestudy
C.Ident if
iesr elev antandi rrel
evantfacts
D.Prov idesf r
amewor kf ororgani
zingtheconcl usions
106.Whi choft hefol

l
owingi
snott
hesour
ceforget
ti
nginfor
mationf
orexpl
orat
ory
research?
A.Cont entanalysi
s
B.Sur vey
C.Casest udy
D.Pilotstudy

107.Whi chofthefol
lowi
ngi
sthemai
nquali
tyofagoodtheory
?
A.At heorythathassur v
ivedattemptsatfal
sif
icat
ion
B.At heorythatispr oventober ight
C.At heorythathasbeendi sproved
D.At heorythathasbeenf alsi
fi
ed

108.Av ar
iablethati spresumedt ocauseachangeinanot
herv
ari
abl
eisknownas:
A.Discontinuousv ariabl
e
B.Dependentv ariable
C.Independentv ariable
D.Interv
eningv ari
abl e
109.Int
ernalval
idi
tyref
ersto.
a.Researcher’
sdegreeofconfi
dence.
b.Generali
sabil
i
ty
c.Operati
onali
zati
on
d.All
oftheabov e
110.In_ __________,theresearcherattemptst
ocont r
oland/ormanipul
atethevari
abl
es
i
n
thestudy .
a.Exper i
ment
b.Hy pothesis
c.Theor eti
calframewor k
d.Resear chdesi gn

111.Inanexper iment alresearchstudy,t
hepri
mar ygoali
stoisol
ateandident
if
ythe
effect
producedbyt he_ ___.
a.Dependentv ariable

b.Ext r
aneousv ariable
c.Independentv ari
able
d.Conf oundingv ariable

112.Ameasur eisr eli
ableifi
tprovi
desconsistent___
_____
___.
a.Hy pothesis
b.Resul t
s
c.Procedur e
d.Sensi t
ivi
ty
113.____
__istheevi
dencethattheinstr
ument,t
echniques,
orpr
ocessusedt
omeasur
e
conceptdoesindeedmeasuretheintendedconcept
s.
a.Reli
abil
i
ty
b.Repli
cabil
i
ty
c.Scal
ing
d.Vali
dit
y
114.Experi
mental
desi
gni
stheonl
yappr
opr
iat
edesi
gnwher
e__
___
___
_rel
ati
onshi
pcan
beestabl
ished.

a.Strong
b.Li
near
c.Weak
d.CauseandEf
fect
115.Inwhi choneofthefol
l
owi
ngst
ager
esear
cherconsul
tthel
i
ter
atur
e?
a.Oper at
iontest
b.Responseanal ysi
ssur
vey
c.Documentdesi gnanal
ysi
s
d.Pretestint
ervi
ews
116.Twov ari
abl
esmaybesai dtobecausal l
yr el
atedif
a.
t heyshowast rongposi
ti
vecorrel
ation.
b.allextr
aneousvari
abl
esarecontrol
led,andthei ndependentvar
iabl
ecr
eat
es
consi st
entdif
fer
encesinbehavi
oroftheexper i
ment algroup.
c.
t heyareobservedtoco-
varyonmanysepar at eoccasions.
d.theyhav ebeenobser
vedinalaboratoryset
ting.
117.Theori
esexpl
ainresults,pr
edictfut
ureout
comes,
and
a.
rel
yonlyonnatural
isti
cobser vat
ions.
b.
guideresear
chforfuturestudi
es.
c.
rel
yonlyonsurveys.
d.
rel
yonlyoncasest udies.
118.Characteri
sti
csoft hescient
if
icmethodi
ncl
ude
a.anecdotaldefi
nit
ion.
b.contr
olledobservati
on.
c.anal
ysisformulati
on.
d.adherencetoinducti
vet hi
nkingorcommonsensereasoni
ng.
119.
Asci ent
if
icexpl
anat
iont
hatr
emai
nst
ent
ati
veunt
ili
thasbeenadequat
elyt
est
ed
i
scalleda(n)
a.
theory.
b.
law.
c.
hypothesis.
d.
experiment.
120.Thephr ase"atheorymustalsobef alsifi

able"means
a.researchersmisrepresentt
heirdata.
b.at heorymustbedef inedsoitcanbedi sconfirmed.
c.
t heoriesar
ear i
char rayofobservati
onsr egardingbehav
iorbutwi
thf
ewf
act
sto
suppor tthem.
d.not hi
ng.
121.Thepr oduct
sofnat
ural
i
sti
cobser
vat
ionar
ebestdescr
ibedi
nter
msof
a.
explanati
on.
b.
theory.
c.
predicti
on.
d.
descr i
pti
on.
122.Apsychol
ogistwatchest her
apideyemov ementsofsl
eepi
ngsubject
sandwakes
them t
ofi
ndtheyreportthattheyweredreaming.Sheconcl
udesthatdr
eamsarel
i
nked
torapi
deyemov ements.Thisconclusi
onisbasedon
a.pur
especul
ati
on.
b.
dir
ectobservati
on.
c.
deduct
ionfrom dir
ectobser
vat
ion.
d.
pri
orpredi
ction.
123.Wewi shtotestthehy pothesisthatmusi ci

mproveslear
ning.Wecompar et
est
scor esofst udent
swhost udytomusi cwit
ht hosewhostudyinsilence.Whi
chofthe
followingisanext raneousv ar
iableinthisexperi
ment?
a.thepr esenceorabsenceofmusi c
b.thest udents't
estscores
c.theamountoft imeal l
owedf orthest udyi
ng
d.silence
124.Anexper i
menti sper
formedt oseei
fbackgr
oundmusi
cimpr
oveslear
ning.Two
groupsstudythesamemat eri
al,
onewhil
eli
steni
ngtomusi
candanot
herwithoutmusi
c.
Theindependentv ari
abl
eis
a.
learni
ng.
b.
thesizeofthegr oup.
c.
themat eri
alstudied.
d.
musi c.
125.Themostpower ful
resear
cht
ool
isa(
an)
a.
cli
nicalstudy
.
b.
experiment.
c.
survey.
d.
correl
ationalst
udy
.
126.Amaj ordisadvant
ageoftheexper i
mentalmethodist
hat
a.
priv
atefundingcannev erbeobtained.
b.
APAEt hicalReviewCommi tt
eesof t
endonotappr ov
eofther
esear
cht
echni
ques.
c.
thereisacertainamountofarti
fici
ali
tyat
tachedtoit
.
d.
subjectsarediff
icul
ttofi
ndforresearchproj
ects.
127. I
nt hetradi
ti
onall
ear
ningexperi
ment,t
heeffectofpr
act
iceonper
for
mancei
s
i
nvestigated.Per
formancei
sthe_ _
_____
___var
iable.
a.
independent
b.
extraneous
c.
dependent
d.
cont r
ol
128.Col l
ecti
onofobser vableev
idence,
preci
sedef
ini
ti
on,
andr
epl
i
cat
ionofr
esul
tsal
l
formt hebasisfor
a.sci
entifi
cobservati
on.
b.thescienti
fi
cmet hod.
c.defi
ningascienti
ficproblem.
d.hypothesisgenerat
ion.
129.Whi choft hefol

lowi
ngi
snotchar
act
eri
sti
cofqual
i
tat
ivedat
a?
a.Ri
chdescr ipt
ions
b.Concise
c.Vol
umi nous
d.Unorgani zed
130.Anintervi
ewconductedbyatr
ainedmoderat
oramongasmal
lgr
oupof
respondentsi
nanunstructur
edandnatur
almanneri
sa--
--
--
--
--
a.DepthInter
view
b.CaseStudy
c.FocusGroup
d.Noneoftheabov
e
131.Whichoft hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotal
ongi
tudi
nal
study
?
a.CohortStudy
b.TrendStudy
c.PanelStudy
d.CensusSt udy
132.Ameasur ei
srel
i
abl
eifi
tpr
ovi
desconsi
stent-
--
--
--
-
a.Hypothesi
s
b.Result
s
c.Procedure
d.Sensit
ivi
ty
133.Followi
ngarethechar
act
eri
sti
csoft
her
esear
chexcept
:
a.Systematic
b.DataBased
c.Subjecti
veApproach
d.Scienti
fi
cInqui
ry
134.Whichofthef oll
owingsimil
ari
tyi
sfoundinqual
it
ati
veresear
chandsur
vey
resear
ch?
a.Examinetopicsprimaril
yfrom t
hepart
ici
pant
’sper
specti
ves
b.Theyareguidedbypr edetermi
nedvari
ablest
ostudy
c.Theyaredescripti
veresearchmethods
d.Havelar
gesampl esizes
135.Asar esearcheryouneednott
o:
a.Mastertheli
teratur
e
b.Takenumer ousdetail
ednotes
c.Creat
eabi bl
iographyli
st
d.Learnyourfi
ndings
136.Thef i
nalstepintheresearchpr
ocessi
sto:
a.Conductast ati
sti
calanal
ysisofdata
b.Reporttheresearchresul
ts
c.Di
smant letheapparatus
d.Cleanthelaborator
y
137.
Thet
wof
unct
ionsofar
esear
chdesi
gnar
e
(A)theoryt estingandmodel bui

ldi
ng.
(B)explorator ydatacoll
ect
ionandhypothesi
st esti
ng
(C)hypot hesist est
ingandtheor
ytest
ing
(D)explorator ydatacoll
ect
ionandmodel buil
ding
138._ _ _
_ ______invol
veseval
uati
ngpotenti
alexplanat
ionsf
orobser
vedbehav
ior
(A)Explor atorydatacoll
ect
ion
(B)Dat aanal ysis
(C)Theor yt esti
ng
(D)Hy pothesi stesti
ng
139.Ina_ __ ____ __ _r elati
onshi p, changesi nonev ar i
abl epr oducechangesi nanot her.
.
(A)causal
(B)cor rel ational
(C)conf ounded
(D)unidi rect i
onal
140.Thet wodef i
ni ngchar acter isticsofexper i
ment alr esear char e:
(A)measur ingpr edi ctorandcr i
ter i
onv ariabl es.
(B)random assi gnmentofpar ticipant sandmeasur ingdependentv ari
ables
(C)mani pul ationofi ndependentv ariabl esandcont rol ov erext raneousv ari
ables
(D)random assi gnmentofpar ticipant sandcont r
ol ov erext raneousv ari
ables
141.Inanexper imentont heef fect sofnoi seonpr obl em sol ving, youhav esome
part
icipant ssol veapr oblem whi lebei ngexposedt onoi se,wher easot herpar ti
cipants
dothesamepr obl emswhi lenotbei ngexposedt onoi se.I nt hisexampl e,exposingor
notexposi ngpar t i
ci pant st ot henoi seconst i
tutesa( n) .
(A)independentv ar i
abl e
(B)dependentv ar iabl e
(C)ext raneousv ar iabl e
(D)cor rel ational v ar i
abl e.
142.Inanexper imentonv isual per cept i
on, youmakesur et haty ourlabor atoryisthe
samet emper atur eandhast hesamel ev el oflight ingt hr oughoutt heexper i
ment .Thisis
anexampl eof :.
(A)hol dingext raneousv ariabl esconst ant .
(B)mani pul atingani ndependentv ar i
abl e
(C)randoml yassi gni ngpar ticipant st ocondi ti
ons
(D)ignor ingext r aneousv ariabl es
143Accor dingt oy ourt ext, extr aneousv ariabl escanbedeal twi thinanexper imentby .
(A)hol dingt heirv aluesconst antacr osscondi ti
ons
(B)random assi gnmentofsubj ect st ocondi ti
on
(C)incr easi ngt hepowerofy ouri ndependentv ari
abl es
(D)All oft heabov e
(E)Bot haandb
144.whi choft hef ol l
owi ngi st hegr eat estst rengt hoft heexper iment alappr oach?
(A)theabi li
t ytost udyr elationshi psundernat ur al
lyoccur ringcondi ti
ons
(B)theabi li
tyt oi dent ifyanddescr ibecausal r
el ati
onshi ps
(C)theabi li
t ytogener ali
zer esul tsbey ondt heor i
gi nal resear chsi tuation
(D)All oft heabov e
145.Adi sadv ant ageoft heexper iment al appr oachi st hat
(A)youcannotadequat elycont rolext raneousv ariabl es.
(B)causal rel ationshi psamongv ari
abl escannotbeest abl i
shed
(C)yourr esul tsmayhav el i
mi tedgener al i
ty
(D)All oft heabov e
146.Ify ourexper iment aldesi gnmeasur eswhati ti si nt endedt omeasur e,wesayt hat
thedesi gnhasahi ghl evel of :
(A)reli
abi lity.
(B)i
nt er nal validi ty.
(C)ecol ogi cal v alidi t
y .
(D)ext er nal validity
147.Al ter nat iveexpl anat ionsf ort hef indi ngsofast udyt hatmaybecomev iable
becauseoff lawsi nt hedesi gnar et ermed:
(A)rivalhy pot heses
(B)exper iment al hypot heses
(C)theor etical possi bil
iti
es
(D)goof s
148.Whi choft hef ol
lowi ngwaslist
edinyourtextasaf act
oraff
ecti
ngexter
nalval
i
dit
y?
(A)histor y
(B)react i
vet est ing
(C)stat i
stical regr ession
(D)All oftheabov e
149.y ouwoul dbemostconcer nedwit
hexternalval
idit
yifyouwereconduct
ing
(A)appl i
edr esear ch
(B)basi cresear ch
(C)ademonst ration
(D)Noneoft heabov e
150.Poweroft het estofsi gni
fi
cancemeanspr obabil
i
tyofwhat?
(a)I
ncorrectrej
ectionofthenullhypothesis
(b)Corr
ectr ej
ecti
onoft henullhypothesi
s
(c)I
ncorr
ectaccept anceoft
henul lhypot
hesis
(d)Corr
ectaccept anceofthenullhy pot
hesis.
151.Inevaluati
ngt hesigni
fi
canceoft heresearchpr
obl
em,
ani
mpor
tantsoci
al
consi
derationis
(a)Thegenui neint
erestoftheresear
cherintheproblem.
(b)Practi
calv al
ueofthef i
ndi
ngstoeducat i
oni
sts,parentsandsocialworker
s,et
c.
(c)Necessaryskill
s,abi
lit
iesandbackgroundofknowl edgeoftheresearcher
.
(d)Possibi
lit
yofobt ai
ningrel
iabl
eandv ali
ddatabyt heresear
chers.
152.Thinkinganalogouslyabouthypothesi
s,aresearchershoul
d
(a)Fir
stbetandt henr oll
t hedice.
(b)Firstr
ollthedi ceandt henbet .
(c)Changehi sbetaf terthedat aar ein.
(d)Hav enobet s,butdi ceonl y.
153.Whyi sresear chi neducat ionimportantforteachers?
(a)I
taddst ot heiracademi cqualif
icati
ons.
(b)Itmakest hem wi ser
(c)I
tmakest hem bet terteacher s
(d)Itenablest hem t omakebestpossi blejudgmentsaboutwhatshoul
dbet
aughtand
how.
154.Act i
onr esear chisor dinaril
yconcernedwi thproblems
(a)Ofgener al nature.
(b)Constituti
nguni versaltruths.
(c)Areofi mmedi ateconcer nandcal lf
orimmedi atesolut
ions.
(d)Hav elong- rangeimpl icati
ons.
155.Whi choft hef ol
lowingi snotacor rectstat
ement ?
(
a)At
estcanbereli
abl
ewit
houtbeingv al
i
d
(
b)At
estcannotbeval
idwi
thoutbeingrel
iabl
e
(
c)At
estcanbereli
abl
eandvali
dbot h
(d)Atestcanbev al
idwithoutbei
ngrel
i
able.
156.Proj
ecti
vetechniqueisusedformeasur
ing
(a)I
ndiv
idual
’sneedf orself
-actual
izati
on.
(b)I
ndivi
dual
’sinventori
edinter
ests.
(c)I
ndiv
idual
’sdomi nantfeel
ings,emot i
ons,confli
cts,needswhichare,
gener
all
y,
repr
essedbyt hei
ndi vi
dualandar estoredupi ntheunconsciousmind.
(d)I
ndivi
dual
’svalue-syst
em.
157..Whichofthefollowi
ngi snotapr oject
ivetechnique?
(a)Rorschach
(b)T.A.T.
(c)Sentence-
Compl et
ionTest
(d)MaudsleyPersonalit
yInv
entory(
MPI).
158.Whi chofthefoll
owingisnotmeasur
edbyt
heT.
A.T.t
est
?
(a)Personal i
tyneeds
(b)Emot i
ons
(c)Personal i
tyadjust ment .
(d)Reasoni ngabi li
ty .
159.Whi chi sapr oj ect i
vet est?
(a)Edwar dsPer sonal PreferenceSchedul e( EPPS)
(b)All
por tVemon- LindzeySt udyofVal ues.
(c)Ror schachTest
(d)Minnesot taMul tiphasicPer sonal
ityInv entory(MMPI ).
160. Whati sar esear chdescr i
bingdev elopment alchangesinpersonal
it
y
charact eri
sticsbyst udy i
ngt hesamegr oupatdi ffer
entage-level
s?
(a)Dev elopment alst udy
(b)Trendst udy
(c)Longi tudinalgr owt hstudy
(d)Cross- sect i
onal gr owt hst udy.
161.Whati sstudy ingdi f
ferentgr oupsofchi ldr
enofdi ff
erentagessimul
taneousl
yand
describingt heirdev el opment alcharacteristics?
(a)Longi tudinalgr owt hstudy
(b)Trendst udy
(c)Timeser i
esst udy
(d)Cross- sect i
onal gr owt hst udy.
162.Wheni st y
pe- Ier rorincreased?
(a)Whenal pha-l
ev el decr eases
(b)Whenal pha-l
ev el increases
(c)Whent hesampl esi zeincreases
(d)Whent hesampl esi zedecr eases.
163.Whati sthemoder nmet hodofacqui ri
ngknowl edge?
(a)Aut hority
(b)Per sonal exper i
ence
(c)Scient i
ficmet hod
(d)Exper topi ni
on
164.Whati sNOTt hegoal ofsci enti
fi
cmet hodofacqui ri
ngknowledge?
(a)Expl anation
(b)Fact -fi
nding
(c)Cont rol
(d)Pr edicti
on.
165.Theor y,asanaspectofr esear ch, doesnot
(a)Ser veasat ool f
orpr ov i
dingagui dingframewor kforobservat
ionanddi scover
y.
(b)Descr i
bet hefactsandr el ationshipst hatexist.
(c)Ser veasagoal providingexpl anat i
onf orspecifi
cphenomenawi t
hmaxi mal
probabi l
ityandexact i
tude.
(d)Di scardfact s,specifi
candconcr eteobser vati
ons.
166.“ Theor y”helpst heresear cheri n
(a)Under st
andi ngther esear chpr ocedur e.
(b)Ident i
fyi
ngt hef actsneededt obeconsi der
edi nthecontextoftheresearchprobl
em.
(c)Under st
andi ngthet echni cal termsusedi nresearch.
(d)Det ermininghowt omakeorr ecor dobser v
at i
ons.
167. Exploratoryinvestigationofmanagementquest i
onadaptsthefoll
owing
appr oachesexcept
a.
Fil
ms, phot ographs, andv ideotape
b.
In-depthi nter
v i
ewing
c.
Documentanal ysis
d.
St reetethnogr aphy
e.Sur veymet hod
168. -
--
--
---
--
--areQuest i
onst heresear
cher ,
mustanswert
osat
isf
act
oryar
ri
veata
conclusi
onaboutt heresearchquestion.
a)

I
nvestigatequestions
b)

Researchquest i
on
c)

Measur ementquest i
on
d)

Fi
ne-tuningtheresearchquestion
169. r
esear chshouldbe_ _
______
____
___
__
a)

accessible
b)

tr
anspar ent
c)

tr
ansferable
d)

all
oftheabov e
170.A_ _______
_ ____
______isconduct
edtodet
ectweaknessesi
nresear
chi
nst
rument
’s
desi
gn
a)

Pil
otstudy
b)

Questionnaire
c)

I
ntervi
ew
d)

Sampling
171.Whatarethet wotypesofargument
s
a)

deducti
onandi nducti
on
b)

expl
oratoryanddeductiv
e
c)

dej
ecti
onandi nject
ion
d)

noneoft heabove
172.Whatar ethequal i
ti
esofagoodhy
pot
hesi
s
a)

adequat eforthepurpose
b)

testable
c)

betterthanitsri
val
s
d)

alloftheabov e
173. Datacol lect i
ont hatfocusesonprovi
dinganaccuratedescripti
onofthev ar
iables
i
nasi tuationf or mst hebasisofwhichtypeofstudy
a)

expl orat orystudy
b)

descr iptivestudy
c)

causal study
d) Al l oft heabov e

174.

A condi tiont hatexistswhenaninstr
ument smeasureswhati tissupposedt o
measur eiscal led
a)

val idit
y
b)

accur acy
c)

reliabi l
ity
d) noneoft heabov e
175. Themaj ordi sadv ant
agewi thi
ndepthinter
viewsist
hatbecauseoft heirti
me
consumi ngnat urei ti
susuallyonl
ypossibl
etocarryoutar el
ativ
elysmallnumberof
suchinterv iewsandassucht heresul
tsareli
kelyt
obehi ghly______
____
__
a)

subj ective
b)

obj ect ive
c)

quest ionabl e
d)

obj ect ionable
176.Acri
ti
cal r
ev i
ewoft hei nf
ormati
on,
per
tai
ningt
other
esear
chst
udy
,al
ready
av
ail
ableinv ar
ioussour cesiscal
l
ed

a)

Researchreview
b)

Researchdesi gn
c)

Data revi
ew
d)

Li
teraturer
ev i
ew
177. _
_ __
___________ __
_ __pr esentsapr oblem,discussesr elatedresearcheff
orts,
outl
inesthedat aneededf orsolvi
ngt hedataandshowst hedesignusedtogat her
andanal y
zet hedat a.

a.)

Resear chQuest i
on
b.)

Resear chPr oposal
c.)

Resear chDesi gn
d.)

Resear chMet hodol ogy
178.Thepur poseof_ _
_ _______ __
____
__r esear
chi stohelpi nt heprocessofdeveloping
aclearandpr ecisest atementoft heresearchproblem rathert haninprovidi
nga
defi
nit
iveanswer .

a.)

Mar keting
b.)

Causal
c.)

Explorat ory
d.)

Descr i
pt iv
e

179.Asy stemat i
c,cont r
olled, empiri
cal,andcri
ti
cal i
nvestigat i
onofnat ur
alphenomena
gui
dedbyt heoryandhy pot hesisi
scal l
ed____________
_

a.)

Appl i
edResear ch
b.)

BasicResear ch
c.)

Scienti
f i
cResear ch
d.)

NoneOfTheAbov e

180.___ _
__ ____ ___ _
_ ___ist hedet ermi nati
onoft heplanf orconductingt
heresear
chand
assuchi ti nvol vest hespeci fi
cat i
onofappr oachesandpr ocedures..

a.)
Strategy
b.)
Resear chDesi gn
c.)
Hy pot hesis
d.)
Deduct ive
181.Apr oposal isal soknownasa:

a)

Wor kpl an
b)

Pr ospect us
c)

Out line
d)

Dr aftpl an
e)

All oft heabov e
182.Ever yr esear chpr oposal ,regar dl
essofl engthshoul dincl
udet wobasi
csecti
ons.
Theyar e:

a)

Resear chquest i
onandr esearchmet hodology
b)

Resear chpr oposal andbi bli
ography
c)

Resear chmet hodandschedul e
d)

Resear chquest i
onandbi bl
iography
183.
Thef ol l
owi ngar ethesy nony msf or
independentv ari
able
except

a)

St i
mul us
b)

Mani pul ated
c)

Consequence
d)

Pr esumedCause

184.
Thef ollowi ngar ethesy nony msf or dependentv ari
able
except

a)

Pr esumedef fect
b)

Measur edOut come
c)

Response
d)

Pr edi ctedf r
om…
185.Whi choft hef ollowingi s not
achar acteri
sti
cofr esearch?

a.I
trequi rest hecol lecti
onofnewdat a
b.I
tisr eit
er ative
c.I
trequi r
esr easonedar gument stodev elopconclusions
d.I
taimst oi ncr easeunder standi ng
186.Howmanyst
agesar
ether
etot
her
esear
chpr
ocess?
a.5
b.
6
c.7
d.8
187.
Whatwoul dNOTbeaconsi der
ati
onduringt
her
esear
chdesi
gnst
age?
a.Theavail
abi
li
tyofl
iter
at ur
e
b.Theavail
abi
li
tyofpartici
pant
s
c.Thety
peofmet hodst hatwouldbeused
d.Thetypeofanal
ysisthatwouldtakeplace
188.Yourconceptualfr
ameworki
s nor
mal
l
y dev
eloped?
a.Beforey
ourli
teratur
erev
iew
b.Duringy
ourli
teratur
erev
iew
c.Aft
erdatacoll
ecti
on
d.Aft
erdataanalysi
s
190.Whenassessingaresear
chquest
ion,
whi
chi
snotanel
ementof‘
CAFÉ’
?
a.Contr
ol
b.Access
c.
Facil
it
iesandr
esources
d.Expert
ise
191.Whatshouldnotbei ncl
udedi nar esear
chpr
oposal
?
a.Asummar yofexisti
ngwor kint hearea
b.Theproposedmet hodstocollectdata
c.Theresul
tsthatwill
beobtained
d.Anacknowledgementofanyet hical
issues
192.Reli
abili
tyinquant
it
ati
veresear
chr
efer
sto
a.Theconsistencyofanymeasure
b.Thesuit
abili
tyofanymeasure
c.Bot
hAandB
d.Nei
therAorB
193.Reli
abili
tyinqual i
tati
ver esearchref
ersto
a.Theconsistencyofanymeasur e
b.Theconsistencyoft hemet hodsusedt ocoll
ectdat
a
c.Thesuit
abili
tyoft hemeasur eused
d.All
ofthese
194.Anexper i
ment alresearchdesi gnnormall
yinvol
ves
a.Manipul
atingt heindependentv ariabl
e
b.Manipul
atingt hedependentv ari
able
c.Anumberofr epeatedmeasur es
d.
Datacoll
ect edov eranext endedt i
meper i
od
195.Whi
chofthefoll
owingarenotnormal
l
yar
equi
rementf
orexper
iment
alr
esear
ch
desi
gn?
a.Demonst
rat
ingcov ar
iat
ion
b.Demonst
rat
ingti
meor der
c.Demonst
rat
ingrepeat
edmeasur es
d.Demonst
rat
ingnonspuriousness

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104 Business Research Methods - MCQs

2) What are the two types of sampling methods?

1) Which analysis is related with descriptive analysis?

2. Which of the following statement is not true?

a) A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project

c) A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project

b) To generate the hypothesis

c) To focus group discussions

d) To use experiments in an investigation

4. The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is

5. According to Goodstein's (2000) "evolved theory of science," which of the following is

6. The main advantage of producing a written research proposal is-------

a) Informs all interested parties

b) Helps with credibility

c) Helps the institution

d) Helps keep people employed

7. The one which will always appear in a research proposal is.......

b) Provide respondent names and addresses

c) Focus on the Harvard style

d) Focus on addressing the research objectives

9. The proposal's literature review is important because-——

It is expected by the university

The tutor insists upon it

11. Which of the following statement is not true?

a) A research proposal is a document that presents a plan fora project

c) A research proposal is an unorganized and unplannedproject

12. The statement of purpose in a research study should--------

a) Identify the design of the study

b) Identify the intent or objective of the study

c) Specify the type of people to be used in the study

d) Describe the study

a) The research participants

b) The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study

c) The planned research procedures

d) all of the above

a) Transaction processing system

b) Decision support system

d) The scientific method

18. The purpose of a literature review is to-...........

b) Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.

d) Find what is already known, identify gaps,and demonstrate awareness

d) All of the given options

a) Full names of the authors

22. The basis of Scientific Method is.........

a) To test hypotheses in conditions that is conclusive to its success

b) To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis

d) All of the above

24. The word 'Research' means-------

a) They are readily available

b) They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic

a) Use of the research

d) Purpose of the research

29. The research method is not applicable under.......

30. In an article it is most beneficial to read-------

a) They guide your literature search

b) They keep you focused throughout the data collection period

c) They make the scope of your research as wide as possible

d) They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

32. An operational definition is—

a) One that bears no relation to the underlying concept

b) An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept

c) A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures