1. Comparison of neo-classical age and romantic age.

The main difference between neoclassicism and romanticism is that neoclassicism

emphasized on objectivity, order, and restraint whereas romanticism emphasized on
imagination and emotion. Neoclassic writers gave importance to thought and reason.
2. Role of fear and beauty.
In Books 1 and 2 of Wordsworth’s The Prelude, the manifestations of Fear and Beauty,
evoked by nature, embody his spiritual guides through his distinct experiences, which
ultimately becoming lasting and influential memories
3. Short note on ode to psyche.
In ode to psyche., a wandering speaker finds Psyche (goddess of the soul and mind)
asleep in the arms of Eros (god of love). Awestruck by Psyche's beauty, the speaker vows
to build her a temple—not from stone, but from his imagination.
4. Spiritual autobiography – The Prelude.
The Prelude is the longest, noblest and most fruitful illustration of the spiritual frugality of
Wordsworth and a handsome anticipation of the modern concept of autobiography.
5. Characteristics of Maud Gonne.
Maud Gonne was a tall, beautiful and confident actress and a woman of considerable
social standing. She was the daughter of an army officer and had been educated and
raised in Paris, after her mother had died when Gonne was still very young.
6. Irish Background.
Poetry in Irish represents the oldest vernacular poetry in Europe. The earliest examples
date from the 6th century and are generally short lyrics on themes from religion or the
world of nature. They were frequently written by their scribe authors in the margins of the
illuminated manuscripts that they were copying.
7. Birth of Leda and Swan.
As a swan, Zeus fell into her arms for protection from a pursuing eagle. Their
consummation, on the same night as Leda lay with her husband Tyndareus, resulted in
two eggs from which hatched Helen (later known as the beautiful "Helen of Troy"),
Clytemnestra, and Castor and Pollux (also known as the Dioscuri).
8. Short note on Helen.
Helen of Troy was "the face that launched a thousand ships" such as the "Nicaean barks"
of the poem. Poe also refers to Helen as Psyche, a beautiful princess who became the
lover of Cupid.
9. Trojan War.
A ten-year war waged by the confederated Greeks under Agamemnon against the
Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan
king Priam, and ending in the plundering and burning of Troy.

10. Short note on rise and fall of civilization.

The Rise and Fall of Civilizations is a sequel to The Light of Civilization, the most
monumental study of the history of civilizations for several generations, where Nicholas
Hagger describes religion as the basis for civilization rather than one element in its cultural
expression.
11. Two characteristics of modern poetry.
The elements of poetry include meter, rhyme, form, sound, and rhythm (timing). Different
poets use these elements in many different ways. Some poets do not use rhyme at all.
Some use couplets, while others may rhyme the second and fourth lines only...in a stanza.
12. How romantic revival came in English literature.
The Romantic revival refers to a period from the late eighteenth century through 1832 in
which poets, writers, and artists across Europe, but particularly in Germany and England,
reacted against the Neoclassicism that preceded them.
13. What are lyrical ballads.
The subject matter of poetry is whatever that interests the human mind. The Lyrical
Ballads are written as experiments, to try out the use of the language of conversation of
real people in poetry.
14. Why was the poetry of 18th century artificial?
The 18th Century poetry in English literature is called the classical age and it has
produced many immortal poetic creations. The poets of this age were deeply interested
in the cultural urban society.
15. How had the poet narrowed the scope of 18th century poetry?
The 18th-century Poet was characterized by the spirit of realism and romantic features
like enthusiasm, passion, imaginations, etc. declined in this period. Reason, intellect,
correctness, satirical spirit, etc.
16. Why was 18th century called an age of prose and reason?
The Classical Age is rightly considered to be the age of prose and reason. The literary
ideals of this period are more suited to the development of prose than poetry.
17. Why was 18th century called an age of satire?
The 18th century is essentially an Age of Satire. Judging and condemning became
common to the society of this age, and this habit naturally gave birth to the spirit of satire.
18. “Tintern Abbey” is written by?
“Tintern Abbey” is written by Gunter Grass.
19. “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” is written by?
La Belle Dame Sans Merci, poem by John Keats, first published in the May 10, 1820,
issue of the Indicator.
20. Contrast between ode to Nightingale and ode to Grecian Urn.
Both poems seal with a universal theme – mortal and immortal, transience and
permanence. The structure of the “Ode on a Grecian Urn” has a close parallel is that of
its contemporary “Ode to Nightingale”. The “Ode to Nightingale” with its eight stanzas is
longer but has the same kind of plan and development.
21. Incidents of real/pure fear and real/pure beauty in The Prelude.
The Prelude gives a pattern or meaningful organization of events and experiences, of
pleasure and pain, of beauty and fear which have given significance to the whole process
of living and growing or the evolution of the present out of the past.
22. Describe pleasure enjoyed by the poet in The Prelude.
The oxymoron 'troubled pleasure' suggests conflicted emotions - nature shows pure
beauty but also power.
23. Write two properties of romantic poetry or romantic age.
The Sublime: One of the most important concepts in Romantic poetry. ...
 Reaction against Neoclassicism. ...
Imagination. ...

24. What is negative capability?

Negative capability is a phrase first used by Romantic poet John Keats in 1817 to explain
the capacity of the greatest writers to pursue a vision of artistic beauty even when it leads
them into intellectual confusion and uncertainty, as opposed to a preference for
philosophical certainty over artistic beauty.
25. Role of nature in romantic poetry.
Romantics sought to restore man's relationship with nature. They saw nature as
something pure and uncorrupted and, therefore, almost spiritual. Most Romantics
believed that humans were born pure and good, and that society corrupted
26. Describe Second Coming.
The Second Coming" is one of W.B. Yeats's most famous poems. The poem's first stanza
describes a world of chaos, confusion, and pain. The second, longer stanza imagines the
speaker receiving a vision of the future, but this vision replaces Jesus's heroic return with
what seems to be the arrival of a grotesque beast.
27. Modern society in Second Coming.
The Second Coming by Butler Yeats is a modernist poem. It seems that everything is
falling to pieces, there is disruption to the order and “mere anarchy”. The first stanza is a
metaphorical statement illustrating just how human values are being disrupted.
28. Outcome of union of Leda and Swan?
The speaker retells a story from Greek mythology, the rape of the girl Leda by the god
Zeus, who had assumed the form of a swan. Leda felt a sudden blow, with the “great
wings” of the swan still beating above her. As an outcome, Helen came.
29. What does Helen symbolize?
In this poem, Helen is a symbol of all women who have faced eviscerating hate from
culture and society, which often knows no bounds and has no rational ... Since ancient
times, Helen has symbolized the ultimate in beauty and the personification of ideal
beauty. In fact, Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, names Helen as the most
beautiful woman in the world.

30. Theme of history by W. B. Yeats.

Yeats’s sense of history is one of the major themes of his poetry. Poems such as ‘The
Second Coming’, Nineteen hundred and Nineteen, September 1913, Easter 1916,
provide good illustrations of Yeats’s sense of history or the rise and fall of civilizations as
propounded in a vision. He effectively shows how the history consists of cycles and that
every civilization has a time span of its own. According to him, the present cycle of history
which began roughly with the birth of Christ is about to end and it is likely to be replaced
by another cycle, the ruling authority of which may be very terrifying and cruel.

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