Researcher´s Guide

to Montenegro
 Researchers in motion
2

Researcher’s Guide to Montenegro has been prepared to help researchers

from all over the world who plan to come to work or study in Montenegro.
The aim of this guide is to provide researchers with the necessary informa-
tion when moving to Montenegro and after arrival. “Researcher’s Guide
to Montenegro” is published as part of the EURAXESS
Montenegro project, which is financially supported
by the European Commission and the Monte-
negrin Government within the 7th Framework
Programme. The current version, published
in 2012, is the second edition of the Guide.
Our aim is to make your mobility experience as
easy as possible. This guide offers you guidelines
for arranging employment and work formalities
and for managing the practical matters of your
everyday life in Montenegro. 

December 2012, 3rd issue

 3
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

Prepared and compiled by: Prof. dr. Mira Vukčević,

Slobodanka Koprivica, Dijana Jovanović
Translation: Dijana Jovanović
Proofreading: Ana Dragutinović
Аustria
Graphic design: Biljana Živković - Studio Mouse, Bosnia - Herzegovina
Belgium
Podgorica, Montenegro Bulgaria
Croatia
Printed by: Studio Mouse, Podgorica, Cyprus
Czech Republic
Montenegro Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
FYRO Macedonia
Germany
Greece
Disclaimer: The descriptions of administrative Hungary
Iceland
procedures in the Republic of Montenegro given in Ireland
this guide are to be used for informational purposes Israel
Italy
only. Recommendations in this publication do not Latvia
substitute official information sources and informa- Lithuania
Luxembourg
tion given by the official administration should be Malta
taken into account in all cases. Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
The information provided in this publication gives Poland
no right for claims or legal expectations of any kind. Portugal
Romania
Updated information can be found on the Mon- Serbia

tenegrin Researchers’ Mobility Portal

www.euraxess.me
 Researchers in motion
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Contents
1.1 About Montenegro .............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Geography ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.3 History ...............................................................................................................................................................10
1.4 Political system ...................................................................................................................................................10
1.5 Religion ..............................................................................................................................................................11
1.6 Climate and Weather .........................................................................................................................................11
1.7 Transport ............................................................................................................................................................12
1.8 Accommodation .................................................................................................................................................14
1.9 Culture ...............................................................................................................................................................15
1.10 National holidays...............................................................................................................................................15
1.11 Education..........................................................................................................................................................16
1.12 Montenegrin language courses..........................................................................................................................21

2.1 Recognition of diplomas and professional qualifications.....................................................................................22

2.2 Visa requirements overview for Montenegro.......................................................................................................25
2.3 Temporary stay for the purpose of scientific research..........................................................................................28
2.4 Temporary stay for the purpose of family reunification.......................................................................................29
2.5 Temporary stay for the purpose of work, education and other.............................................................................30
2.6 Social Insurance and Pension system...................................................................................................................30
2.6.1 Recognition of pension rights ....................................................................................................................31
2.7 Health care..........................................................................................................................................................32
2.8 Taxation...............................................................................................................................................................34
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Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

2.8.1 Opening a bank account.............................................................................................................................35

2.8.2 Honoraria....................................................................................................................................................35
2.9 Employment procedure in Montenegro..............................................................................................................36
2.10 Intellectual property protection.........................................................................................................................39
2.11 Identity card......................................................................................................................................................41
2.12 Driver’s licence..................................................................................................................................................41

3.1 Montenegrin RTD sector....................................................................................................................................42

3.2 Main stakeholders involved in ST policy making in Montenegro.......................................................................42
3.3 Research institutions in Montenegro...................................................................................................................43
3.4 IT support for research........................................................................................................................................44
3.5 Academic network...............................................................................................................................................45
3.6 RTD expenditure................................................................................................................................................46
3.7 National RTD strategic and legal framework......................................................................................................46
3.8 Research infrastructure........................................................................................................................................47
3.9 Business, innovation and technology in Montenegro..........................................................................................47
3.9.1 G
 overnmental institutions in charge of innovation.....................................................................................48
3.9.2 F
 oreign organizations operating in Montenegro in charge of funding innovation......................................48
3.9.3 S
 trategic documents for innovation and existing innovation infrastructure................................................48
3.10 Possibilities of external funding of research and innovation..............................................................................49

4.1 About EURAXESS Montenegro........................................................................................................................49

4.2 Higher education institutions in Montenegro.....................................................................................................54
 Researchers in motion
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1.1  About Montenegro According to the average annual data
in 2009 provided by the Statistical
Montenegro is located in south-ea- Office of Montenegro, the population
stern Europe, it belongs to Central of Montenegro is 627 478.
Mediterranean. Montenegro’s territory Links:
measures 13,812 square km and its Government of Montenegro www.gov.me
population numbers about 620 000. National Tourist Organization
It has 21 municipalities. To the west, www.montenegro.travel
north and east it shares borders with
Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia
and Kosovo, and to the south with
Albania. Montenegro is a maritime
country, with 293,5 km of the Adriatic
coastline. One of the most beautiful
bays in the Mediterranean is the Bay
of Boka.
The capital of Montenegro is Pod-
gorica with the population of 180.810
(Statistical Office of Montenegro).
Podgorica is the administrative, cul-
tural and educational centre of Mon-
tenegro.
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Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

The official name: Montenegro

Flag: Language: Montenegrin is the official language. Both the
Cyrillic and Latin alphabet are in use. Albanian is
spoken in some communities that have a majority
Coat of arms: Albanian population.
Foreign languages: English, German, Russian, French and Italian are
the most common foreign languages spoken at
the tourist resorts.
Political status: Republic
Length of the coast: 293 km
Location: Adriatic Coast, South-East Europe
Length of beaches: 73 km
Neighbouring The highest peak: Bobotov kuk (2.523 m) - Mt Durmitor
Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Albania, Italy
countries:
The largest lake: Lake Skadar - 391 km²
Size: 13,812 km²
The deepest
Length of border: 614 km The Tara Canyon - 1.300 m
canyon:
Population: 620.145 (according to the 2003 census): Montene- The largest bay: Boka Kotorska
grin - 43,16 % / Serb - 31,99 % / Bosniak - 7,77 %
/ Albanian - 5,03 % / Muslim - 3,97 % / Croatian - National parks: Durmitor (39.000 ha) Lake Skadar (40.000 ha)
1,10 % / Other - 6,98 % Lovcen (6.400 ha) Biogradska Gora (5.400 ha)
Capital: Podgorica (approx. 180.810 inhabitants; administra- UNESCO heritage Durmitor National Park, Natural and Cultural -
tive and economic centre) sites: Historical Region of Kotor
Historical capital: Cetinje (18.500 inhabitants, historical and cultural Currency: Euro (€)
centre) Time: Central European Time GMT+1
Other major cities: Niksic (75.000), Bijelo Polje (50.000), Bar (40.000), International
Berane (35.000), Pljevlja (35.000), Herceg Novi + 382
telephone code:
(33.000)
Internet country
Religion: Most of the population is Christian Orthodox, with .me
domain:
a significant Muslim minority and a notable Roman
Catholic presence in some parts of the country. Electricity: 220 volts AC. Sockets are round two-pin.
 Researchers in motion
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Useful phone numbers
Information: 1181
Ambulance: 124
Police: 122
Time: 125
Weather report: 044800200
Help on roads: 19807
Sending telegrams by phone: 126
International calls: 1201
Montenegro Customer Care – 1300 (24h
– Tourist service)
Internet of Montenegro
Tel: 1500
Number for Dial-up connections: 19402
Mobile telephony:
• Pro Monte GSM
• www.promonte.com
User’s service: 9898
E-mail: pks@promote.com
• T-Mobile www.t-com.me
• User’s service: 080 080 000
• E-mail: callcentar@t-com.me
• M-Tel www.mtel-cg.com
• User’s service: 068 9868E-mail:
• korisnicki.servis@mtel-cg.com

1.2 Geography
Montenegro is located in the southern
part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Most of the country is covered by
high and extensive mountain massifs
intersected by river gorges and deep
valleys. Larger lowland areas are to be
found in the south, near the coastline.
Montenegrin seacoast is a narrow strip
of land running from Herceg-Novi
to the Bojana river on the frontier
with Albania. It is famed for its sandy
beaches and abundant sub-tropical
vegetation.
The high Dinaric mountains of Or-
jen, Lovcen and Rumija rise steeply
from the sea, forming a magnificent
background to the coastal strip, but
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
a great obstacle to communications
between the coastal and inland parts
of Montenegro.
The Zeta plain in the area of Lake
Skadar, together with the valley of
the Zeta and the Niksic Polje, com-
prise the biggest lowland region of
Montenegro and its most fertile area.
North of this stretch the high lime-
stone mountains of Durmitor, Ko-
movi and Sinjajevina. The Moraca,
Tara, Piva and Ceotina rivers and
their tributaries have cut deep gorges
through these mountains.
The rivers of Montenegro are swift
with large drops in elevation and large
volumes of water resulting from high
precipitation. They are exception-
ally clear and unpolluted, suitable
for rafting, fishing and other water
9
sports. Some have carved themselves
spectacular canyons; those of the Tara,
Piva and Moraca are up to 1200 m
deep - among the deepest in the world.
Lake Skadar, the largest lake in the
Balkans, is over 40 km long and on
average 10 km wide. Two-thirds be-
long to Montenegro and one-third
to Albania.
Lake Skadar, the largest lake in the
Balkans, is over 40 km long and on
average 10 km wide. Two-thirds be-
long to Montenegro and one-third
to Albania.
National Durmitor (39.000 ha)Lake Skadar
parks: (40.000 ha) Lovcen (6.400 ha)
Biogradska Gora (5.400 ha)
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1.3 History
The history of Montenegro dates back
to 9th century with the emergence of
Duklja, a vassal state of the Byzantine
Empire. In those formative years,
Duklja was ruled by the House of
Vojislavljević. In 1042, at the end of
his 25-year rule, King Vojislav won a
decisive battle near Bar against Byzan-
tium, and Duklja became independent.
Duklja’s power and prosperity reached
their zenith under King Vojislav’s son,
King Mihailo (1046–81), and his son
King Bodin (1081–1101). From the
11th century, it started to be referred
to as Zeta. It ended with its incor-
poration into Raška, and beginning
with the Crnojevic dynasty, Zeta was
more often referred to as Crna Gora
or by the Venetian term monte negro.
A sovereign principality since the
Late Middle Ages, Montenegro saw
its independence from the Ottoman
Empire formally recognized in 1878.
From 1918, it was a part of various in-
carnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis
of a referendum held on 21 May 2006,
Montenegro declared independence
on 3 June of that year.
1.4 Political system
The Constitution of Montenegro de-
scribes the state as a “civil, democratic,
ecological state of social justice, based
on the rule of law.” Montenegro is an
independent and sovereign republic
that proclaimed its new Constitution
on 22 October 2007.
The President of Montenegro is the
head of state, elected for a period of
five years through direct elections.
The President represents the republic
abroad, promulgates laws by ordinance,
calls elections for the Parliament, pro-
poses to the Parliament candidates for
Prime Minister, president and justices
of the Constitutional Court. The of-
ficial residence of the President is in
the historical Montenegrin capital
Cetinje.
The Government of Montenegro is
the executive branch of state author-
ity of Montenegro. The government

is headed by the Prime Minister, and
consists of the deputy prime ministers
as well as ministers.
1.5 Religion
Freedom of religion and free public
profession of religious conviction is
guaranteed by the Constitution and
respected in practice. According to
the 2003 census there were 620 145
citizens living in Montenegro, out of
which 74,24% declared themselves
Orthodox, 17,74% Muslims, 3,54%
Roman Catholics, while 2,24% stated
that they do not belong to any con-
fession.
Statistical Office of Montenegro
www.monstat.org
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
1.6 Climate and weather
The climate of Montenegro, besides its
latitude and altitude is also character-
ized by the water area of the Adriatic
Sea and lake Skadar, then by deep
penetration of the sea into the main-
land in the Bay of Boka. Also, high
mountains Orien, Lovcen and Rumija
as well as the mountain massif of the
Durmitor, Bjelasica and Prokletije
prevent warm wind from entering.
The south of Montenegro enjoys a
Mediterranean climate, with long
dry summers and short mild winters.
At the seaside, average July maxi-
mum temperatures are around 28C
with a high approaching 30C, winter
maximum temperatures are around
-10C and minimums around –27.5C.
Podgorica is the warmest city in Mon-
tenegro, where maximum temperature
can reach up to 40C and the minimum
-10C.
11
In the central and northern part of
Montenegro, the climate is continental
though influenced by Mediterranean
climate manifested by precipitations
and a higher temperature in winter
months. Climate in the northern-
most part of the republic is based on
Continental climate with great tem-
perature differences during the year
and smaller volume of precipitations.
High karst mountain area is Sub-
alpine with cold snowy winters and
moderate summers. Average precipi-
tations vary from 960 to 2.900 l/m2,
while the region of Krivosije (Crkvica)
has a European maximum of precipita-
tions, on average about 4.800l/m2 and
in the record years 7.000l/m2.  On
average there are 142 sunny days a
year, while air humidity is from 50%
in Podgorica, during summer, up to
80% in Kolasin and Niksic during
autumn months.
Hydrological and meteorological service of
Montenegro www.meteo.co.me
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1.7 Transport
Montenegro is connected to the world
through road, railway, maritime and
air transportation.
• By plane…
Choose one of the following airports:
- Podgorica - Golubovci Airport is
situated 12 km from the capital
Podgorica, 62 km far from Budva,
43 km from Bar, 69 km from Ulcinj,
80 km from Kolasin and 170 km
from Zabljak.
- Tivat – Tivat airport is only 4 km
from the town centre, 20 km far from
Budva and Herceg Novi, 58 km from
Bar, 73 km from Ulcinj and 80 km
from Podgorica.
- Dubrovnik – Cilipi Airport - one of
the biggest airports in Croatia is situ-
ated in-between the Montenegrin
town of Herceg Novi and the city
of Dubrovnik. What many tourists
do not know is that when flying into
Dubrovnik Airport you are only 24
km far from Herceg Novi, 44 km
from Tivat and 68 km from Budva.
www.montenegroairlines.com
• By train...
Train travel is convenient and inexpen-
sive. If you prefer travelling by railway,
it is useful to know that the main
railway line is Bar-Podgorica-Belgrade
with connections from Belgrade to the
rest of Europe. The existing railways
are 249 km long - the main railway
line is Bar-Podgorica-Belgrade with
branches towards Niksic and the other
one towards Skadar (Albania). There
are several passenger trains on the
Bar-Belgrade-Subotica route: ex-
press trains, business, car-trains and
sleeping cars trains. Passenger trains
on the Bar-Belgrade line have con-
nections with international trains to
Budapest, Vienna, Bucharest, Athens,
Moscow, etc.

TIMETABLE INFORMATION
Local timetable information - www.
zicg.me
International timetable information -
www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en
The Railway of Montenegro arranges
timetable for every year separately.  summer months the frequency of lines
• By bus...
It is also possible to reach Montene-
gro from neighbouring countries by
bus. A comprehensive coach network
connects all parts of the country. Bus
service through Montenegro is quite
frequent, as well as regional services.
There are bus stops in all towns and
cities of Montenegro. During the
tourist season, many operate 24 hours
a day. There are also regular daily bus
lines to bigger cities in neighbouring
countries. Timetables are arranged for
every year separately.
• By boat...
The coast of the Adriatic Sea makes
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Montenegro accessible for arrivals by
boats, yachts, ferries, cruisers...There
are a few companies that maintain
a regular ferry connection between
Montenegro and Italy. Ships oper-
ate on lines between Bar-Bari, Bar-
Ancona and Kotor-Bari. During the
is increased. The Port of Bar is the big-
gest port in Montenegro. The capacity
depends on the type and length of
boats, 14 to 20 boats can be served at
one time. Kotor Harbour consists of
Kotor Bay with the operative coast
of 216 m in length and 3 to 12.8 m
in depth, Lipci Terminal with a 75
meter-long operative coast and the
small harbour of Bigovo, which is
located on the open sea.
• By car...
The best way to get acquainted with
a country is if you visit it by car. You
can reach Montenegro via one of the
border crossings with Croatia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania.
13
The road network totals 5,174 km. The
two major roads in Montenegro are the
Adriatic Motorway from Croatia to
Herceg Novi and then to Ulcinj, and
the motorway that links the South
and the North, from Petrovac, through
Podgorica and Kolasin to Bijelo Polje
and Serbia.
- Border Crossings:
With Croatia: Debeli brijeg, Ko-
bila. With Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Sitnica, Vracenovici, Scepan polje,
Metaljka, Ilino brdo, Krstac, Nudo,
Sula. With Serbia: Rance, Cemerno,
Dobrakovo, Kula, Drazenovac, Vuce.
With Albania: Bozaj, Sukobin, Grncar.
- Road Assistance and Information: 
AMSCG (Automobile Association
of Montenegro)
Automobile Association of Montene-
gro provides services 24 hours a day
in Montenegro.
 Researchers in motion
14
For help on roads call 9807 1.8 Accommodation
Tel: +382  9807
www.amscg.org Finding proper accommodation in Montenegro is not such a difficult process,
but requires a period of at least one month before your arrival.
The easiest way is to contact one of the real estate agencies and check their
offer. In accordance with your needs, you can choose between a house and
apartment, empty and furnished apartment, and similar. Prices vary depending
on the quality and location of accommodation.
Besides agencies, you could also check daily newspapers and advertisements,
since many choose to rent their real estate without intermediaries. In this
case, it would be useful if you had a person from Montenegro to assist you in
translation and making of arrangements.
 15
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

1.9 Culture old towns, religious architecture, 1.10 National holidays

Due to its location, between two great
civilizations - Eastern and Western,
and three great religions: Orthodox,
Catholic and Islamic, Montenegro
monuments, fortresses, towers and
palaces, archeology, museums and art, National holidays
but also about traditional celebrations,
carnivals, theater, festivals and concerts Date Name
could be found at www.montenegro. 1 January New Year’s Day

has rich cultural heritage with works travel. 7 January Orthodox Christmas

of many known and unknown archi- - Orthodox Good Friday

tects, painters and carvers, masters of - Orthodox Easter
the refined arts, writers, transcribers - Orthodox Easter Monday
and printers. 1 May Labour Day

The most attractive and visited cultural 9 May Victory Day

- historical monuments in Montene- 21 May Independence Day

gro are: the town of UNESCO - Ko- 13 July Statehood Day
tor, town museum Cetinje and native
village of the Petrovic dynasty - Nje-
gusi. Excursions to notable religious
monuments in the hinterland as well as
excursions far deep into Boka Kotorska
bay and Skadar Lake are a must-do
when you stay in Montenegro.
More information on Montenegrin
 Researchers in motion
16
1.11 Education
The General Law on Education makes
a distinction between foreigners that
have been approved for a temporary
stay or permanent residence in Mon-
tenegro, and those that have not regu-
lated their residence, i.e. permanent
residence in Montenegro. Namely,
foreigners that have been approved
for a temporary stay or permanent
residence in Montenegro have the
same rights as Montenegrin citizens in
practicing rights regarding preschool,
elementary and secondary education,
while foreigners that have not regu-
lated their status can acquire education
as Montenegrin citizens according to
the reciprocity principles, i.e. provid-
ing that the same right is offered to
our citizen in a foreign country, in
accordance with the international
agreement.
In accordance with this Law, a school
is obliged to provide an adequate as-
sistance in language learning to those
who follow lectures in Montenegrin
language. Teaching can be performed
also in a foreign language for educa-
tional programmes that are licensed
by the Ministry.
Education in Montenegro is real-
ized through four cycles: preschool,
elementary, secondary and higher
education.
Pre-school education covers the pe-
riod until the beginning of elementary
school. Preschool education is realized
in accordance with an educational pro-
gramme. The educational programme
is realized as full-day lasting 6-10
hours, half-day programme lasting
4-6 hours and as a short or specialized
programme lasting 3-4 hours.
Educational programme can also be
performed at privately owned institu-
tions, but the programme has to be
previously accredited by the relevant
body. Also, an institution can organize

education within a family, for children
that are not in a position to spend time
in an institution due to illness. In this
case preschool education is performed
by educator paid privately.
An institution admits students in
acco-rdance with the regulations. The
manner and procedure is determined
by the statute of an institution.
Elementary (Primary) education is
performed within elementary schools.
It is compulsory for all children 6 to
15 years old. Elementary education
lasts for nine years and is financed by
the state budget.
Along with elementary education,
children can also gain education in
arts (music, ballet and other).
Within its possibilities, a school is
obliged to organize extended pro-
gramme comprising extended stay, op-
tional activities and remedial teaching.
Parents can organize education of
17
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
children at home, and are obliged to of citizenship can be educated in the
inform the school about this at least grammar school in accordance with
three months before the beginning the international conventions. They are
of classes. obliged to submit medical certificate
when applying.
Enrollment is conducted each year
in April, after compulsory medical The Ministry can determine a quota
examination. for foreign citizens, educated according
to the principle of reciprocity in line
Secondary education can be general with the international agreement, as
and vocational. well as the number of students within
programmes for student exchange.
General secondary education is ob-
tained at general programme gram-
mar school (gymnasium). Grammar
school can be established as a public
or privately owned institution. There
are no educational fees for grammar
school as it is financed from the state
budget.
Education in grammar school lasts
four years. After the final year, the
student has to pass a graduation exam
after which he/she acquires general
secondary education.
Foreigners and persons without proof
 Researchers in motion
18
A person that has completed elemen-
tary education and is less than 17 years
old can be enrolled in the first year of
grammar school.
Requirements for enrollment in pri-
vately owned grammar schools are
determined by founders.
Enrolment terms are in June and
August, after a public announcement.
Secondary vocational education is
acquired at the level of lower two-
year vocational education, medium
3-4 years vocational education and
upper-secondary vocational education.
Enrolment terms are in June and
August, after a public announcement.
Students can be enrolled as full-time or
part-time students. Full time students
acquire education through regular at-
tendance of lectures, while part-time
students acquire education through
preparatory classes (instruction-
consultative classes) and examination.
A full-time student is not obliged to
pay any fee for education in the public
institution, but part-time student is,
in accordance with regulations.
A person that has completed elemen-
tary education and is less than 17 years
old can be enrolled in the first year of
vocational school.
Foreign citizens and persons without
citizenship can acquire secondary
education in accordance with the
international conventions.
A person who completed elementary
school abroad can be enrolled after
his/her diploma is recognized. Foreign
citizens or persons without citizenship
submit a health certificate when ap-
plying. The Ministry can also require
assessment of language proficiency as
a specific condition for enrollment.
Higher education
There are one public and two private
universities in Montenegro. Univer-
sity of Montenegro is the only public
university. It was founded in 1974
and is a recognized higher education
institution in the region.
The University of Montenegro (www.
ucg.me) consists of 20 faculties/acad-
emies and three institutes, which to-
gether account for 77 study programmes
(61 academic and 16 applied). The total
number of students at the University
of Montenegro is about 22 000.
Private universities are the Mediteran
University www.unimediteran.net and
the University Donja Gorica www.
udgedu.me
The structure of higher education in
Montenegro is based on three main
cycles. Programmes of study for ob-
taining higher education degrees and
diplomas are:

a) undergraduate (for obtaining the
Bachelor diploma for academic studies
or applied studies),
b) postgraduate (for obtaining the di-
ploma of specialist studies for academic
or applied studies; for obtaining the
diploma of applied Master studies;
for obtaining the diploma of Master
of sciences),
c) doctoral study for obtaining the
academic title of Doctor of Philosophy.
Access to the specialist study pro-
grammes is possible after a student has
successfully completed applied/aca-
demic undergraduate studies (3 years).
The specialist degree is awarded after
completion of the respective study
courses lasting up to one year.
Students can obtain the applied Master
studies diploma after obtaining the
applied undergraduate studies diploma
and after completing 2 years post-
graduate studies (one year specialist,
one year Master’s).
19
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Access to programmes for the Master of Since September 2004, the principles of
Science diploma is possible after com- ECTS as an accumulation and transfer
pletion of the academic undergraduate system for undergraduate, postgraduate
studies. The MSc programme lasts 2 (specialist and Master’s studies) and
years (including one year specialist doctoral studies are compulsory for
studies). all universities and higher education
institutions in Montenegro. Courses
Graduates who have achieved the de-
are limited to one semester and each
gree of Master of Science are eligible
course is graded in accordance with
for study at the doctoral level. The
ECTS points.
academic title of Doctor of Philosophy
requires at least 3 years of study. The
programmes consist of taught courses
(lectures), research, writing and suc-
cessful defence of a doctoral thesis.
In accordance with the Law, a university
may organize studies in cooperation
with a domestic or a foreign institution
or an international organization. The
university has the right to issue double
or joint diplomas to a student upon
completion of the required studies. The
content of the diploma is determined
in accordance with the agreement on
cooperation between the institutions.
 Researchers in motion
20
The 2003 Law on Higher Education
stipulates that a Diploma Supple-
ment (DS) based on the official
European model must be issued; as
of the academic year 2006/07, the DS
is mandatory for all degree programs,
attached to the Diploma and free
of charge. The content of the DS is
bilingual, in both Montenegrin and
English languages. Before the intro-
duction of the DS, certificates on study
completion with the list of grades
were issued. The certificate included
information on the study programme
and the completed courses.
According to the 2003 Law, the
Higher Education Council func-
tions as an accreditation body and
conducts external evaluations through
its commissions. The Government of
Montenegro established the Council
for HE in 2004.
The process of accreditation begins with
an external evaluation review. If the
institution passes the review, certifica-
tion for the right to confer degrees in
education is awarded. Foreign experts
may be appointed as members of the
external evaluation commissions.
The Ministry responsible for Education
and Science has the power to issue the
operating license to an institution, as
well as to change or revoke the license.
The operating license is an official
document granting an institution the
right to begin work. An institution
may be granted a license after obtain-
ing a certificate of accreditation by
the Higher Education Council. The
certificate is awarded based on the
recommendations of the evaluation
commission.
Each higher education institution
in Montenegro, whether it is newly
founded or already in operation, is
required to have an operating licence.
The license determines the institution
type, its accredited study programmes,
the maximum number of students it
can enrol, as well as the degrees and
diplomas it can award.
Students are enrolled on a competi-
tive basis and according to the results
achieved during secondary education
and vocational, i.e. graduation examina-
tion. For specific study programmes,
additional, i.e. entrance examination
can be introduced (art, medicine..)
Foreign citizens are enrolled under
the same conditions as Montenegrin
citizens. After enrollment, a foreign
citizen has the same status as a Mon-
tenegrin self-financing student. There
are no specific tuition fees for foreign-
ers. Regarding their rights, they are
in the same position as Montenegrin
self-financing students.
Links:
Ministry of Education
www.mpin.gov.me
Contacts:
Biljana Misovic biljana.misovic@gov.me
Nada Kovac nada.kovac@gov.me
Ministry of Science www.mna.gov.me
 21
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

1.12 Montenegrin language

courses
Courses of Montenegrin language
for foreigners are mainly organized
according to the needs and number
of interested candidates. Lectures
are organized in form of group or
individual work.
Institutions that organize Montene-
grin courses for foreigners are:
• U
 niversity of Montenegro, Institute
for Foreign Languages
http://www.isj.ac.me/english.htm
• University Donja Gorica, Center
for Foreign Languages
http://www.udgedu.me
• University Mediterranean, Faculty
of Foreign Languages
http://www.fsj.unimediteran.net/en/
There are also several privately owned
companies, language schools that offer
courses of Montenegrin language for
foreigners such is Foreign Languages
School “Waves”, located in Budva.
http://www.skolawaves.com/index-2e.html
 Researchers in motion
22
2.1 Recognition of diplo-
mas and professional
qualifications
International framework for recogni-
tion
In March 2004, Montenegro ratified
Lisbon Convention on Recognition of
Diplomas in the field of higher educa-
tion in the region of Europe. In accor-
dance with this Convention, which was
the basis for creation of Montenegrin
Law on Recognition and Validation of
Education Certificates (the new Law
was adopted on January 17, 2008), each
country, signatory of Lisbon Recogni-
tion Convention had to recognize the
acquired qualifications, as similar to
the respective qualification in its own
education system unless substantial
differences are noticed between the
existing qualification in the signatory
country and the acquired qualification
in another country. Foreign educa-
tional certificate can be a certificate,
degree/diploma, Joint degree or any
other document that certifies that a
person, who is a holder of a foreign
educational qualification (hereinafter:
holder of qualification) has completely
or partly completed an education
programme, in accordance with the
regulations of the country issuing the
document.
Recognition of acquired qualification
will result in further access to educa-
tion in the country where recognition
is asked, under the same conditions as
for the candidates from that country.
Recognition will also enable applicants
to use the academic title under the
law and rules of the country where
recognition is asked, and in such a
way acess to labour market will be
faciliated.
Recognition and Validation of Edu-
cational Certificates on the acquired
or commenced education abroad is
carried out in accordance with the
Law on Recognition and Validation
of Education Certificates (Official
Gazette of Montenegro No. 4 / 08).
Coming into force of the Law in-
troduced recognition of educational
documents for the validation pur-
poses, which was the responsibility
of the University of Montenegro. The
procedure and method of validation
and equivalence was prescribed by
the Rules of Procedure and Method
of validation. A foreign educational
document is a certificate, a diploma,
a joint diploma or other document
proving that the person who owns an
educational document fully or partially
completed an educational program,
in accordance with the regulations
of the country issuing the document.
Recognition of foreign educational
documents is done for the purpose of:
• Continuing education
• Finding employment.
Recognition of foreign educational

documents on the obtained primary,
secondary general or vocational edu-
cation and part of education, and
commenced education, in order to
continue education or find employ-
ment, is conducted by the Ministry
of Education. Recognition of foreign
educational documents on the ob-
tained higher education in order to
find employment is done by ENIC
Centre, Ministry of Education, while
recognition of foreign educational
certificates for the purpose of continu-
ation of higher education is done by
the professional body of an accredited
higher education institution, with the
previously obtained opinion by the
ENIC Centre. ENIC Centre is an
information center and a member of
the European Network of Informa-
tion Centers on Recognition
and Mobility.
In the process
of recognition
of foreign edu-
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
cational certificates for employment
purposes certain criteria are assessed.
The law states the following criteria:
the system of education in the country
where the foreign educational certifi-
cate is acquired, duration of education
without comparison of educational
programs, degree earned, the rights
conferred by the foreign educational
certificate in the country where it was
obtained, and other circumstances
important for recognition. In the
process of recognition, ENIC center
will in most cases check the status of
the institution and the credibility of
degrees through the ENIC / NARIC
network. Diplomas, which are found to
b e issued by non-accredited institu-
tions, are not recog-
nized, and
such
23
request is rejected. The decision on
the recognition of foreign educational
certificate shall be made within two
months after the documents are sub-
mitted.
Evaluating the degree
Evaluation is a separate process and
includes providing opinions to in-
terested parties on documents on
education, on study program and the
education system of certain countries,
as well as information on programs
and higher education institutions in
Montenegro. Comparability of educa-
tional system, educational certificates,
study programs, level of education,
professional and academic title, as well
as other facts relevant to employment
or further education are assessed in
the process of evaluation.
 Researchers in motion
24
Recognition of specialization and
expert examination
When it comes to specialization in
the field of medicine the competent
authority is the Ministry of Labor
and Social Welfare. When it comes to
other specializations, the competent
institution is also the Ministry of
Labor and Social Welfare. Regard-
ing professional examinations, the
competent professional body is the
Chamber of Commerce. Drafting of
the Law on Regulated Professions
in Montenegro is under way, which
is done in accordance with Direc-
tive 36/EU/2005 on recognition of
professional qualifications. The law
will cover all regulated professions
in Montenegro, as well as the body
responsible for the recognition thereof.
Documents required for recognition
of foreign diplomas and professional
qualifications in Montenegro
For recognition of educational cer-
tificates acquired in Serbia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina and Croatia for the
purpose of employment, the following
documents are needed:
- Request
- Three certified copies of diplomas
or certificate of graduation
- certificate of examinations passed
and a diploma supplement
- Payment of 55 € into the bank
account: 832-3161-26, recipient -
republic administrative fee, purpose
of payment: recognition of foreign
educational documents
For educational certificates acquired
in other countries, the following docu-
ments are needed:
- Request
- Three copies of diploma or certificate
of graduation translated by a certified
court interpreter
- Translation of Certificate of passed
examinations and the Diploma
Supplement certified by a translator
- Copy of the original Diploma or
certificate of graduation,
For all information on recognition
of foreign diplomas and professional
qualifications, as well as information
about the higher education system in
Montenegro, you can address:
Vanja Drljević
Address: Rimski trg bb
81000 Podgorica
E-mail: vanja.drljevic@gov.me
Web site: www.mps.gov.me

2.2 Visa requirements
overview for Montenegro
Pursuant to the Aliens Act, a visa
shall be:
Airport transit visa (visa A) , An airport-
transit visa shall be issued to an alien
for one or more crossings through an
international transit space of an airport,
during the interruption of a travel or
transfer between two phases of an
international flight, without entering
into the territory of Montenegro.
Transit visa (visa B), A transit visa (visa
B) shall be issued to an alien for one,
two or more trips across the territory
of Montenegro. A transit visa shall be
issued with a term of validity of up to
six months. Pursuant to a transit visa
an alien may stay in Montenegro for
at most five days. A transit visa can be
issued to an alien who has entrance
visa of the state he travels to or through
whose territory he continues his travel,
25
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
unless otherwise determined by a treaty. The Law on Foreigners (Official Gazette
of Montenegro, No. 82/08) regulates
Short-term stay visa (visa C) a visa for
the conditions of entry, movement and
a short stay (C visa) shall be issued for
stay of foreigners in the territory of
tourist, business or other trips. A visa
Montenegro. A foreigner exercises the
pursuant to paragraph 1 of the Aliens
right of entry, movement and stay with
Act shall be issued for one or more
the visa, if s/he comes from countries
entries into the territory of Monte-
whose citizens, in accordance with the
negro, whereas the uninterrupted stay
Regulation on the visa regime (Official
or the total length of successive stays
Gazette of Montenegro, No. 18/09,
may not be longer than 90 days, in a
Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://
period of time of six months, counting
www.mip.gov.me), require a visa to
from the day of first entry. A visa for a
enter Montenegro, or without visa in
short stay (C visa) with more entries
accordance with the above regulation.
shall be issued for a period of time of
up to one year.
Long-term stay visa (visa D) Long-term
stay visa (visa D) shall be issued to an
alien intending to stay at the territory
of Montenegro longer than 90 days but
not longer than six months within one
year period counting from the day of
first entry, that is subject to decision of
the Authority of State Administration
competent for foreign affairs.
 Researchers in motion
26
Nationals of the following states may
enter, pass through the territory of and
stay in Montenegro up to 90 days with
a valid travel document without a visa:
Principality of Andorra, Argentine
Republic, Aruba, Australia, Republic of
Austria, Kingdom of Belgium, Bermuda,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federative
Republic of Brazil, Brunei Darus-
salam, Republic of Bulgaria, Canada,
Republic of Chile, Republic of Costa
Rica, Republic of Croatia, Republic of
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Kingdom of
Denmark, Republic of Estonia, Republic
of Finland, French Republic, Federal
Republic of Germany, Republic of
Guatemala, Hellenic Republic, Holy
See, Republic of Honduras, Republic
of Hungary, Republic of Iceland, Ire-
land, State of Israel, Italian Republic,
Japan, Republic of Korea, Republic of
Latvia, Principality of Liechtenstein,
Republic of Lithuania, Grand Duchy
of Luxemburg, Republic of Macedonia,
Malaysia, Republic of Malta, United
Mexican States, Principality of Monaco,
Republic of Nicaragua, Kingdom of
the Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,
New Zealand, Kingdom of Norway,
Republic of Panama, Republic of
Paraguay, Republic of Poland, Portu-
guese Republic, Romania, Republic of
El Salvador, Republic of San Marino,
Republic of Seychelles, Republic of
Singapore, Slovak Republic, Republic
of Slovenia, Kingdom of Spain, King-
dom of Sweden, Swiss Confederation,
Republic of Turkey, United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Eastern Republic of Uruguay, United
States of America, Bolivarian Republic
of Venezuela.
The exemption from the visa require-
ment also applies to the holders of valid
travel documents issued by the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region of
the People’s Republic of China and the
Macao Special Administrative Region
of the People’s Republic of China.
Nationals of the following states may
enter, pass through the territory of and
stay in Montenegro up to 30 days with a
valid identity card or a document con-
firming their identity and nationality:
Member States of the European Union,
Principality of Andorra, Principality
of Monaco, Republic of San Marino,
Holy Seat and Swiss Confederation,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of
Serbia, Republic of Croatia, Republic
of Macedonia and Republic of Kosovo.
Nationals of the Republic of Albania,
Republic of Ecuador, Republic of Cuba,
Republic of Peru, Russian Federation
and Ukraine may enter, pass through
the territory of and stay in Montene-
gro up to 30 days, with a valid travel
document without a visa.
Holders of travel documents contain-
ing a valid Schengen visa, a valid visa
of the United States of America or a
permission to stay in these countries,
may enter and stay, i.e. pass through the
territory of Montenegro up to seven
days, and not longer than the expiry of
visa, if the period of validity of visa is

less than seven days. Holders of travel
documents issued by the United Na-
tions Organization or its Specialized
Agencies (Laissez-Passer) may enter,
pass through the territory of and stay
in Montenegro up to 90 days without
27
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
a visa. Holders of travel documents is- in accordance with these agreements.
sued by the European Union Member
Holders of a valid passport, diplomatic
States or the United States of America
or official passport, accredited to the
based on the Convention Relating to
Diplomatic Protocol of the Ministry of
the Status of Refugees from 1951 or
Foreign Affairs of Montenegro or whose
Convention Relating to the Status
passport contains a seal of the Ministry
of Stateless Persons
of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro or
from 1954, as well as
have a special identification card issued,
travel documents for
may enter, pass through the territory of
foreigners may enter,
and stay in Montenegro without a visa.
pass through the ter-
ritory of and stay in Visa regime between Montenegro
Montenegro up to 30 and other countries is regulated by the
days without a visa. Regulation on visa regime (Official Ga-
zette of Montenegro, No 18/09) http://
Nationals of states www.mip.gov.me/en/images/stories/download/
with which bilateral REGULATION_ON_VISA_REGIME.pdf
agreements on abol- Links:
ishing visas for hold- Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.mip.gov.me
ers of diplomatic and
official passports, i.e.
conditions of traveling
have been concluded,
may enter, stay and
pass through the ter-
ritory of Montenegro
 Researchers in motion
28
2.3 Temporary stay for
the purpose of scien-
tific research
Pursuant to the registers of per-
manent and temporary residence
(Official Gazette MNE, no. 13/08),
foreigners intending to stay in Mon-
tenegro for more than three days are
obliged to register themselves with
the police station within 24 hours
of arrival in Montenegro.
According to Article 46 of the Aliens
Act www.gov.me/files/1233742793.
doc, temporary residence for scientific
research can be granted to a foreigner
who meets the following requirements:
- s/he has provided funds for main-
tenance,
- s/he has provided accommodation,
- s/he has provided health insurance,
- that there are no interference in
terms of national security, public
order or public health evidence,
and
- s/he has submitted evidence jus-
tifying the request for temporary
residence.
He/she has to submit a contract
concluded with the research institu-
tion in Montenegro as evidence of
the justification of the request for a
temporary stay.
According to the Article 2 of the
Regulations on the procedure of ap-
proval or prolongation of temporary
stay and permanent residence and
issuing travel and other documents to
aliens, with the request for temporary
residence, alien is obliged to submit
a certified copy of valid travel docu-
ment stamped at the border crossing
if he/she is submitting request while
in Montenegro, or stamped approval
of temporary stay along with the list
of requirements from the Article 46
of the Aliens Act.
Proof of funds for maintenance which
will support his/her temporary stay
in Montenegro is: a certificate or
other proof of bank account status in
Montenegrin or other bank, proof of
personal incomes according to work
engagement or scholarship, proof of
covered medical treatment expenses,
proof of real estate property in Mon-
tenegro which could secure means of
support, statement where physical or
legal person obliges to cover expenses
of alien’s temporary stay or proof that
it is covered in some other manner.
Proof of accommodation arrangements
is: property deed or signed contract
on renting a real estate property, i.e.
statement by person who is renting
an apartment or house to an alien, or
statement on accommodation by a
company or entrepreneur registered
to provide accommodation services.
Proof of health insurance is: travel
insurance issued by a certified insur-
ance company in another state, health
insurance issued in accordance with
international agreements or health

insurance taken under the condi-
tions and in manner determined by
a specific law.
Documents for approval or prolonga-
tion of temporary stay are submitted in
original or certified copies, translated
in Montenegrin language by a certified
translator. After submitting all neces-
sary documents, an alien will receive
a certificate comprising: name of the
institution that issues a certificate,
title-certificate on submitted request,
bar code, name and surname of ap-
plicant, date place and state of birth,
issuance number of travel document,
and statement that this certificate is
issued in order to prove legal stay in
Montenegro until final decision is
brought according to the submitted
request. Certificate is valid for 30 days
and could be prolonged if necessary.
In the process of request consideration,
the following is evaluated: validation
of travel document, if applicant is
registered after arrival in Montenegro
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
unless the request is submitted to a
diplomatic or consular department of
Montenegro abroad, if there are legal
obstacles for approval of temporary
stay, if all conditions for entering and
stay in Montenegro are fulfilled. Ad-
ditional information may be requested
regarding the facts listed in the request
for temporary stay in Montenegro.
Administrative fee for approval or
prolongation of temporary stay is
10 Euro.
29
2.4 Temporary stay for
the purpose of family
reunification
Members of the immediate family of a
foreigner, who is granted a temporary
stay for scientific research, can exercise
the right to temporary residence, in
accordance with Article 48 of the Law,
i.e. on the basis of temporary residence
for family reunification. Members of
immediate family, according to this
Law are: a spouse, minor children born
in or out of marriage, minor children
of the spouse and adopted children.
Procedure of submitting documents,
validation and approval of temporary
stay for the purpose of family reuni-
fication is performed and achieved
under the same conditions and in the
same manner as it is the case with
temporary stay for the purpose of
scientific research.
 Researchers in motion
30
2.5 Temporary stay for
the purpose of work,
education and other
Temporary residence may be granted
to a foreigner intending to stay in
Montenegro for more than 90 days,
for: 1) employment and work, con-
ducting business or entrepreneurial
activity, 2) seasonal work, 3) secondary
or higher education, 4) participation
in the programs of international ex-
change of students and other youth
programs, 5) specialization, vocational
training and practical training, 6) sci-
entific research, 7) medical treatment,
8) family reunification; 9) on humani-
tarian grounds , 10) other justifiable
reasons, in accordance with the specific
law or international agreement.
A foreigner who is granted a tempo-
rary stay can stay in Montenegro in
accordance with the purpose for which
he was granted a temporary stay. A
foreigner may be granted a temporary
stay if: 1) s/he has provided means
of subsistence, 2) s/he has provided
shelter, 3) s/he has health insurance,
4) there are no obstacles in terms of
national security, public order or public
health, 5) s/he has submitted evidence
of the justification of the request for
a temporary stay.
2.6 Social insurance and
Pension system
In order to protect social security
rights of foreigners in Montenegro
and of Montenegrin citizens abroad,
Montenegro has signed a number of
international agreements on social
security. On the basis of reciprocity,
bilateral international agreements
provide the social security rights of
citizens according to their work and
residence in one of the contracting
countries. The provisions of bilateral
agreements include health insurance
rights, rights to pension and disability
insurance, unemployment rights, rights
to child allowance and administrative
legal assistance.
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare,
as the competent authority for the
conclusion of bilateral agreements
on social insurance, coordinates the
social security system with 25 states,

most of which are members of the
European Union. All agreements on
social security which Montenegro
signed as an independent state are in
line with European legislation.
Institutions relevant for the area of
social security rights and enforcement
of contracts are: Fund for Pension and
Disability Insurance (area of pension
and disability insurance), Health In-
surance Fund (area of health insurance
and health care) and the Employment
Agency of Montenegro (area of un-
employment). The above institutions
make payments of social benefits in
accordance with the international law
and bilateral agreements on social
security through correspondent banks.
Social security contributions
Foreign nationals and stateless persons
employed at the territory of Montene-
gro are required to pay social security
contributions, unless international
agreement provides otherwise or they
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
are insured under the regulations of
another state. Rates of contributions
for compulsory social insurance are:
- contribution rate for pension and
disability insurance is 20.5%, out of
which the employer’s contribution
is 5.5% and the employee’s is 15%
- contribution rate for health insur-
ance is 12.3%, out of which the
employer’s contribution is 3.8% and
the employee’s is 8.5%,
- contribution rate for unemployment
insurance is 1%, out of which the
employer’s contribution is 0.5% and
employee’s is 0.5%.
2.6.1 R
 ecognition of pension
rights
Insurance payers that have paid contri-
butions outside Montenegro can apply
for recognition of pension rights, i.e.
request for calculation of contribu-
tion period/s. The request should be
31
submitted to the Fund for Pension and
Disability Insurance, i.e. Department
for international insurance, where it
has to be stated in which period and
in which country contributions have
been paid. The request can be submit-
ted in person or via regular mail. For
all states, except for Serbia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina, request has to be
submitted to the Fund for Pension and
Disability Insurance, i.e. Department
for international insurance. Insurance
payers that have paid contributions in
Serbia or Bosnia and Herzegovina
submit request to regional department
of the Fund for Pension and Disability
Insurance according to the place of
residence. It is necessary to point out
that the request for recognition of
contribution periods is not at the same
time considered as the recognition of
pension rights, these are two separate
procedures. Montenegro has signed
bilateral agreements with all former
states of Yugoslavia, apart from Slo-
 Researchers in motion
32
venia, according to which each state
issues a certificate of paid contribu-
tions in that state, on a bilingual form.
Information related to the exercise
of rights from pension and disability
insurance, can be obtained on the
website of the Fund for Pension and
Disability Insurance,
www.fondpio.me,
phone +382 (0) 20403-882,
Monday to Friday from 8 to 16 hours.
Links:
Republican Fund for Pension and Dis-
ability Insurance www.rfondpio.co.me
2.7 Health care
Health and medical care for foreigners
is regulated by the Law on Health In-
surance and the Law on Health Care.
According to the Law on Health
Insurance:
Health insurance of citizens shall
provide for the implementation of
the right to health care and other
entitlements. The aim of this Law is
to create conditions for:
1. p rovision of compulsory health
insurance;
2. s table financing of health care
through harmonization of health
service consumption and actual
material possibilities; and
3. introducing of voluntary health
insurance.
Compulsory health insurance rep-
resents a part of the health insur-
ance system, which provides, based
on the principles of obligatoriness,
reciprocity, and solidarity, to all citi-
zens of Montenegro and to other
individuals the right to health care and
other rights, in line with the Law. The
Health Insurance Fund shall provide
the implementation of compulsory
health insurance, in line with the law.
Voluntary health insurance represents a
special form of health insurance, which
provides, based on the principle of
voluntariness and within established
standards, special conditions of the
provision of health care in terms of
staff, accommodation, and the time
of rendered health care, as well as
rights that are not included in the
compulsory health insurance. Health
insurance rights cannot be transferred
to other persons or inherited. Rights to
cash compensations that are due but
not exercised, due to the death of the
insured person, can be inherited.
Insured persons who have rights and
obligations deriving from compulsory
health insurance are the insured, their

family members, and other persons in
accordance with this Law.
Voluntary health insurance represents a
special form of health insurance, which
provides, based on the principle of
voluntariness and within established
standards, special conditions of the
provision of health care in terms of
staff, accommodation, and the time of
rendered health care, as well as rights
that are not included in the compulsory
health insurance.
Health insurance rights cannot be
transferred to other persons or in-
herited.
Rights to cash compensations that are
due but not exercised, due to the death
of the insured person, can be inherited.
Insured persons who have rights and
obligations deriving from compulsory
health insurance are the insured, their
family members, and other persons in
accordance with this Law.
According to this Law, the insured are:
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
- foreigners working for national legal
or private entities in Montenegro on
the basis of specific contracts and
agreements on international technical
assistance;
- foreigners employed by international
organizations and institutions and
other foreign legal and private entity
on the territory of Montenegro if
it is not otherwise regulated by an
international agreement, or if they
are not insured as per regulations of
another country;
- foreigners employed by foreign con-
sular and diplomatic representative
offices on the territory of Montenegro
if such insurance is envisaged by an
international agreement;
According to the Law on Health Care:
In the area of health care, funds from
the Budget are provided for:
- health care of foreigners and staff of
diplomatic-consular representative
offices, who are provided with health
33
care on the basis of international
agreements if such agreements do
not regulate differently, as well as of
foreigners who stay in Montenegro
upon invitation of the state authori-
ties, during their stay in Montenegro
Health Care of Foreigners (Art. 31)
Health institutions and health workers
shall be obliged to administer urgent
medical assistance to the foreigner.
Foreigners shall bear themselves the
cost of administered urgent medical
assistance or other type of health care,
unless the international agreement oth-
erwise regulates. For the use of health
care referred to in Par. 1 of this article,
the foreigner shall be charged as per
price list of the health institution.
Links:
Ministry of Health 
http://www.mzd.gov.me/en/ministry?alphabet=lat
Law on Health Insurance and Law on Health http://
www.mzd.gov.me/en/library/zakoni?pagerIndex=2
Health Insurance Fund 
http://fzocg.me/splash.html
 Researchers in motion
34
2.8 Taxation
Ministry of Finance of Montenegro,
Department of Public Revenues
The Department of Public Revenues
is an administrative unit whose basic
duties are collection system, tax regu-
lations, implementation of laws and
other regulations. The Department
is one of the units of the Ministry of
Finance.
Tax system
Montenegrin tax system is compat-
ible with tax systems of developed
European countries, EU directives,
countries in transition particularly
countries from the region, regarding
types of taxes and regarding procedures
of determining collection methods and
audit procedure. Tax system is based
on direct and indirect taxes. Direct
taxes are those taxes that tax payers pay
individually; such are real estate taxes
and personal income taxes. Indirect
taxes are those taxes that are calculated
and collected by intermediaries; such
are VAT, excise duty and import duty.
Every person who generates income
in Montenegro is obliged to pay taxes.
Montenegrin tax system comprises:
- personal income tax
- property tax
- income tax
- VAT -excise duty
- sales tax on vehicles tax
- games of chance tax
Relevant bodies of local administration
decide on tax rates, for consumption
tax and local income tax (local sur-
tax), which are not the same in all
municipalities.
A tax payer who pays personal in-
come tax is a resident i.e. non-resident
natural person who generates income.
Personal income is income that tax
payer generates from employment.
- Income from employer is gross in-
come, tax rate is calculated propor-
tionally, contributions from and to
personal incomes are calculated
(from-employees income; to-charged
to employers).
- Income from self-employment is
autonomous activity taxed on a pro-
portional rate, and to which contri-
butions are calculated.
- Property and property rights income
tax is calculated proportionally, an-
nual report is submitted to the Tax
Administration.
- Capital is calculated by proportional
rate 9% (dividend and interest).
- Tax payers (old age and disability
insurance, and health insurance) are:
employees, persons who perform tem-
porary and occasional work, foreigners
employed in Montenegro at foreign
legal and natural persons, persons em-
ployed in international organizations
and institutions, as well as foreigners
employed at Montenegrin legal or
natural persons. Tax base is calculated

in accordance with the Law, i.e. col-
lective agreement and employment
contract. Resident and non-resident
persons practice the same rights and
obligations.
The local income tax for personal
incomes is 15% for Podgorica and
Cetinje, and 13% for Niksic.
Avoidance of double taxation
Avoidance of double taxation has
greater importance than provisions
of this Law. In tax calculations, after
taxes are collected from income that
non-resident legal persons generate,
income payer applies provisions of
the agreement on avoidance of dou-
ble taxation, if non-resident proves
that he/she is resident of the country
with which Montenegro has signed
this agreement. Evidence of being a
resident of country with which Mon-
tenegro has signed an agreement on
avoidance of double taxation is proved
by income payer with a certificate or
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
other document verified by relevant
body of residence country.
Agreements on avoidance of double
taxation are kept at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Links:
Ministry of Finance www.mf.gov.me/en/ministry
Department of Public Revenues
www.poreskauprava.gov.me
2.8.1 Opening a bank account
Non-residents in Montenegro can
open local or foreign currency account
in any bank in Montenegro. He/she
has to present a valid identification
document, i.e. passport. If payments
are to be performed at a bank account
in other country, than he/she has also
to submit instructions for payment.
An extra commission fee is charged
for every money transfer to and from
abroad. The commission depends on
the destination and the amount being
transferred.
35
There are no restrictions on the amount
of foreign currency that can be brought
in and out of the country.
Bank hours are usually Monday – Fri-
day, 8am - 7pm, while some banks are
open on Saturday mornings.
2.8.2 Honoraria
If honoraria are paid to the personal
bank account of a foreigner that he/
she already has in home country, it is
necessary to submit instructions for
payment to the institution that will
make the payment. That institution
will further conduct procedures for
payment of honoraria according to the
national legislative (taxes, reports, pro-
viding personal identification number
for foreigners with the Department
of Public Revenues etc).
 Researchers in motion
36
2.9 Employment proce-
dure in Montenegro
The Law on Employment and Work
of Foreigners (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Montenegro, No. 22/08)
provides that a foreigner may be hired
or work in Montenegro, under the
conditions determined by the law,
the collective agreement, ratified and
published international treaties and
generally accepted rules of interna-
tional law. According to the law, the
term foreigner represents a person who
is not a Montenegrin citizen, whether
s/he is a citizen of another state or a
stateless person, and does not make a
distinction between foreign-EU na-
tionals and nationals of third countries.
According to the Law, a foreigner may
be employed, i.e. work in Montene-
gro, provided that he/she has: a work
permit, permission for permanent resi-
dence or temporary residence permit,
concluded labor contract and that the
taxpayer has reported the work of the
foreigner in accordance with this Law.
Work permit is issued by the Employ-
ment Agency of Montenegro. The
work permit is a required document,
according to which a foreigner may
obtain a temporary residence permit
for the purpose of employment or
work. After receiving approval for a
temporary stay of the foreigner, the
employer concludes with a foreigner
labor contract, or a legal entity or or-
ganizational unit of a foreign company
registered in Montenegro concludes a
civil contract and registers his/her em-
ployment at the Employment Agency
within 15 days since the beginning of
employment.
To regulate all forms of employment
and work of foreigners, the labor
market of Montenegro envisages three
types of work permits: personal work
permit, employment permit and work
permit.
Personal work permit is a license that
allows a foreigner free access to the
labor market, regardless of the state
and market relations. A foreigner with
a personal work permit has an equal
status as a Montenegrin citizen in
terms of unemployment and employ-
ment rights. This work permit can be
issued to a foreigner: with permanent
residence, in accordance with the Law
on foreigners, refugees and additionally
protected persons, according to the
Law on Asylum (Official Gazette of
MN, no. 45/06). Personal work per-
mit is issued upon the request of the
foreigner for an indefinite period of
time, and exceptionally may be issued
for a period up to one year.
Employment permit is a permit ac-
cording to which an employer makes
labor contract with a foreigner and is
issued upon the request of the em-
ployer. Permit for employment and

work of foreigners shall be issued upon
the request of the employer, legal per-
son or organizational unit of a foreign
company, registered in Montenegro.
Exceptionally, the employer will not
be refused a request for work permits
for foreigners:
• With higher education, in manage-
ment affairs;
• Montenegrin citizen family mem-
bers (spouse and children up to 21
years old)
• Family member of the employer
(spouse and children up to 21 years
old),
• For the occupation for which it is
not possible to provide education in
Montenegro.
Work permit is a permit with the
pre-determined duration of work, ac-
cording to which an employer makes
a labor contract with a foreigner, i.e.
foreigner with a legal entity with
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
headquarters in Montenegro or or-
ganizational unit of a foreign company,
registered in Montenegro, delivering
services or other form of work, on the
basis of civil law contracts. This permit
could be for:
• Seasonal work of foreigners,
• Work with the referred foreigners
(cross-border services, further train-
ing and education, movement of
persons within a foreign company)
• Training and education of foreign-
ers and
• The provision of contractual services.
Permits are issued for a limited time,
for a period of three months to one
year, extendable to two more years,
depending on the type of permit.
The Employment Bureau shall be
obliged to decide on the request within
30 days from the day of submitting
the request.
37
Quotas
The Government of Montenegro,
upon the proposal of the ministry in
charge of labor issues, having previ-
ously obtained the opinion of the
ministries in charge for some activities
for which quotas are determined and
the opinion of the Social Council, in
accordance with the migration policy
and consideration of the labor market,
establishes an annual quota of work
permits.
Quotas are not determined for the
work permit issued to a foreigner if:
• s/he has a personal work permit;
• is employed in Montenegro on the
basis of international agreement, on
the basis of reciprocity;
• performs teaching in educational
institutions, in the language and
alphabet of minorities and other
minority ethnic communities;
• s/he is a professional athlete and
sports worker working in Monte-
 Researchers in motion
38
negro according to concluded labor
contract,
• s/he is a Montenegrin citizen family
member (spouse and children up to
21 years old),
• s/he is a family member of an for-
eigner who is granted permanent
residence in Montenegro (spouse
and children up to 21 years old)
• s/he is a refugee family member
(spouse and children up to 21 years
old)
• s/he is a representative of the com-
pany or entrepreneur,
• s/he is a foreigner sent to additional
training and development in Mon-
tenegro,
• s/he is a referred foreigner (manag-
ers, specialists)
• s/he is a provider of contractual
services.
Foreigners who have a permit for
temporary residence in the Republic
shall not be obliged to obtain a work
permit, in the following cases:
• a foreigner who is a member of
diplomatic or consular mission
on the territory of the Republic;
• a foreigner who has the immunity
on the basis of the international
agreement;
• a foreigner who, in the Republic,
performs activities on the basis of
international agreements that the
Republic concludes with another
state, international organization
or European Union, regarding
professional-technical assistance,
or on the basis of ratified inter-
national agreements.
• founders, procurators, members
of managing and governing bod-
ies and auditors of the business
organization who perform the
activities within that business
organization, if performance of
those activities does not have the
character of employment and does
not last longer than three months
per year;
• academic staff invited in the ca-
pacity of professor or lecturer and
scientific worker who participates
in a scientific-research project
important for the Republic;
• members of the international
missions performing research
activity in the Republic, which is
approved by the Government;
• foreign correspondents accredited
in the Republic or reporters of
foreign media;
• artists and technical staff for opera,
ballet, theatre, concerts, fine arts
and other cultural performances,
if they do not stay in the Repub-
lic longer than 30 days, or three
months annually with interrup-
tions;
• foreigners who come in the Re-
public to participate in sports
events;
• foreigners who perform activities
related to delivery, installation or

service of machines or equipment,
if their work does not last longer
than 30 days with no interrup-
tions, or the total of three months
annually with interruptions;
• foreigners who participate in fairs
and exhibitions where their em-
ployer exhibits;
Exception: The Law on Employment
and Work of Foreigners shall not apply
to foreigners-academic staff invited to
Montenegro as professors or lecturers
participating in scientific and research
projects of importance to Montenegro.
• foreigners who participate in or-
ganized professional gatherings
and seminars;
• foreigners employed in circuses
or entertainment parks, if the
they do not stay in the Republic
longer than three months with no
interruptions.
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Links:
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
http://www.minradiss.gov.me/en/ministry
Employment Bureau of Montenegro
http://www.zzzcg.org/home/default.asp
Law on Employment and Work of Foreigners
http://www.gov.me/files/1175075336.pdf
39
2.10 Intellectual
property rights
After Montenegro declared its inde-
pendence on 3 June 2006, the follow-
ing IP laws of the former State Union
of Serbia and Montenegro continued
to be effective: 
- L aw on Copyright and Related
Rights (Official Gazette of SM,
No.61/04):
- Trademark Law (Official Gazette
of SM, No. 61/04, 71/05):
- Law on Legal Protection of Design
(Official Gazette of SM, No. 61/04);
- Law on Protection of Topography of
Integrated Circuits (Official Gazette
of SM, No. 61/04).
Montenegro has since adopted:
- the Law on Optical Discs (Official
Gazette RM, No. 2/07)
- the Law on Geographical Indica-
tions (Official Gazette of SM, No.
48/08); and
 Researchers in motion
40
- the Law on Patents (Official Gazette
of SM, No. 66/08);
On 4 December, 2006, the Govern-
ment of the Republic of Montenegro
deposited the following Declaration
with the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO):
“The Government of the Republic
of Montenegro hereby declares that
the Treaties listed below continue to
be applicable, as of June 3, 2006, in
respect of the territory of the Republic
of Montenegro and that the Republic
of Montenegro accepts the obligations
set forth in the said Treaties in respect
of its territory:
- the Convention Establishing the
World Intellectual Property Or-
ganization;
- the Paris Convention for the Protec-
tion of Industrial Property;
- the Berne Convention for the Protec-
tion of Literary and Artistic Works;
- the Madrid Agreement for the Re-
pression of False or Deceptive Indi-
cations of Source on Goods;
- the Madrid Agreement Concern-
ing the International Registration
of Marks;
- the Protocol Relating to the Madrid
Agreement Concerning the Interna-
tional Registration of Marks;
- the Hague Agreement Concerning
the International Deposit of Indus-
trial Designs (the Hague Act (1960)
and the Stockholm Complementary
Act (1967));
- the Nice Agreement Concerning the
International Classification of Goods
and Services for the Purposes of the
Registration of Marks;
- the Locarno Agreement Establish-
ing an International Classification
for Industrial Designs;
- the Lisbon Agreement for the Pro-
tection of Appellations of Origin
and their International Registration;
- the Nairobi Treaty on the Protection
of the Olympic Symbol;
- the Trademark Law Treaty;
- the WIPO Copyright Treaty;
- the WIPO Performances and Pho-
nograms Treaty;
- the Budapest Treaty on the Inter-
national Recognition of the Deposit
of Microorganisms for the Purposes
of Patent Procedure;
- the Patent Cooperation Treaty”.
The Bureau for the Protection of
Intellectual Property Rights of Mon-
tenegro started to operate on 28th
May 2008.
Links:
Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual
Property Rights of Montenegro
www.ziscg.me

2.11 Identity card
Identity card for a foreigner is issued
to a foreigner that has been granted
permanent residence, or to a foreigner
who has obtained temporary stay
but who does not have a valid travel
document.
Request for identity card issuance
is submitted in person. Besides the
request, a foreigner has to submit a
proof of granted permanent residence
and a valid travel document, i.e. proof
of granted temporary stay.
Request is submitted to the Ministry
of Internal Affairs and Public Ad-
ministration, relevant department, in
the place of permanent residence or
temporary stay.
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Foreigner who have been granted a
permanent residence, or foreigner
who obtained temporary stay but has
no valid travel document is obliged
to submit request for identity card
issuance in period no longer than 30
days after the approval of permanent
residence or temporary stay.
Identity card valid for a period of five
years is issued to a foreigner who ob-
tained permanent residence. Identity
card valid for a period of two years is
issued to a foreigner who obtained
permanent residence but is under 18
years old. Identity card to a foreigner
who has obtained a temporary stay
will be issued and valid for a period
of his/her temporary stay.
Administrative tax for issuing an
identity card to a foreigner is 60 euro.
41
2.12 Driver’s licence
The Law on Traffic Safety stipulates
that foreigners who have been granted
a temporary stay in Montenegro may
drive a motor vehicle for the approved
period of temporary stay in Montene-
gro if they have a valid foreign driver’s
license issued by relevant authority of
his/her home country.
Foreigners who have been granted a
permanent residence in Montenegro
may drive a motor vehicle for a period
of six months following the day of
entry into Montenegro if they have
a valid foreign driver’s license issued
by relevant authority of his/her home
country. Upon his/her request, driver’s
licence will be reissued by relevant au-
thority without the need to undertake
an additional driving test, but under
the condition that he/she is physi-
cally competent to drive, that he/she
is at least 18 years old and that has
no penalties or suspension regarding
driving a motor vehicle.
 Researchers in motion
42
3.1 Montenegrin
RTD sector
Politically speaking, European integra-
tion is one of Montenegro’s strategic
priorities and this is also well reflected
in the way it intends to pursue Higher
education as well as research coopera-
tion. In that context a clear roadmap is
set out with the purpose of increasing
spending on research to 1% of GDP
by 2011. In terms of research areas,
Montenegro identifies the same priority
areas as those set under the Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7) but of
course, given its size and limited budget,
it will have to concentrate its efforts and
focus on research areas of importance
for the country and those which sup-
port its economic development and
competitiveness. As one would expect
of a small country, human research ca-
pacity is limited. In 2009 Montenegro
had 766 researchers with academic title,
who together with part-time colleagues
and external research associates work in
the country’s three universities, several
private higher education institutions, as
well as Government and private sec-
tors. Researchers account for 0.4 % of
the employed population. In addition,
as do other countries of the region,
Montenegro suffers from brain drain
following the political crisis in the past.
Therefore, as a matter of priority, the
Government has adopted measures
to support the career development of
researchers and young researchers with
emphasis on PhD.
3.2. Main stakeholders
involved in ST policy
making in Montenegro
The Ministry of Education and the
Ministry of Science are supreme bod-
ies in charge of Higher education and
Science, Research and Technological
Development. They follow the long-
term Montenegrin requirements for
development, transfer and application
of scientific and technological achieve-
ments, especially from the point of
view of greater valorization of natural
and man-made resources. They are
also main funding bodies of Higher
education and Research in the country.
To be able to deal with the new chal-
lenges and internationalization as well
as globalization of Higher Education,
a Council for Scientific-Research Ac-
tivities was established in 2006 as the
national body consisting of several
members, from the Government and
the research community.

The Council is an independent body
under the administrative manage-
ment of the Ministry. An additional
relevant institution is the Agency for
International Scientific, Educational,
Culture and Technological Coopera-
tion, founded in the 1970s, which plays
an important role in the conducting
of research cooperation with third
countries in the domain of prepara-
tion, coordination and implementation
of programs and projects of scientific
and technical nature, initiation and
co-ordination of the establishment of
collaboration between Montenegro
and foreign institutions and industrial
organizations, professional training
abroad as well as bilateral and multi-
lateral programs.
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
3.3 Research institutions
in Montenegro
Universities
University of Montenegro is a central-
ized, the only public, university with
about 22000 students out of which
82% are undegraduates, 17,3% gradu-
ates and less then 1% doctoral students.
The number of academic staff is 1273.
It has 19 faculties and three scientific
institutes. Almost six years ago it intro-
duced three-cycle system, along with
the ECTS and Diploma Supplement.
It faced the processes of internal and
external evaluation of educational sys-
tem with the reacreditation purposes as
well as internal and external evaluation
of research capacities with the aim to
prepare a strategic document of overall
capacities upgrading. There are two
types of studies organized at the Uni-
versity of Montenegro: academic and
applied studies which are vocationally
43
oriented study programs run under the
umbrella of the University. In total, the
University offers 79 academic study
programs and 15 applied programs.
Two private universities also perform
their educational and scientific activities
in Montenegro: University Mediter-
ranean and University Donja Gorica
All of the universities as well as several
institutions of higher education are
operating according to the Bologna
principles, with the same rules for ac-
creditation and licensing. Together with
several private institutions of higher
education, about 5500 students are
educated at private universities.
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences
and Arts
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences
and Arts (CANU) was established in
1978 and encompasses departments
of natural sciences, social sciences and
arts. It is independent in relation to
the Government, industry or other
 Researchers in motion
44
professional organizations and oper-
ates under a separate law. Its work
program includes promotion of science,
scientific-research and artistic work,
organization, realization and coordi-
nation of scientific-research projects
of particular importance for preserva-
tion and promotion of the natural and
cultural heritage, advisory role based
on scientific indicators and research,
expertise, international cooperation,
as well as enhancing international
cooperation and publishing.
Scientific-research institutes
Beside the aforementioned scientific-
research institutes that perform their
research within the UoM (Institute for
Marine Biology, Institute for History
and Institute of Foreign Languages),
there are also institutes within business
organizations, as well as a number of
agencies and centers dealing with exten-
sive research activities: Bureau for Geo-
logical Research, Hydrometeorology
Bureau, Seismological Bureau, Centre
for Eco-Toxicological Investigations,
Institute for Public Health, Institute
for Ferrous Metallurgy, Agency for
Environmental Protection, Agency for
Protection of Monuments of Culture
etc.
3.4. IT support for
research
From the year 2000 a number of sig-
nificant steps were made in order to
improve the library-information sys-
tem. Automatization of libraries op-
eration at the universities and most of
the scientific-research institutes into
a system of mutual catalogization
COBISS.CG (Co-operative Online
bibliographic system and Service) was
started together with professional devel-
opment of library staff, implementation
of standards, modernization of services.
This system encompasses also a mutual
bibliographic base. The library materi-
als were partly processed and available
on-line in the form of bibliographic
entries. The University of Montenegro
is subscribed to electronic databases
THOMSON and EBSCO, which
provide access to a number of articles
in the fields of technology, medicine,
economics. The universal application

platform E-CRISS was used for the
development of register of scientific
data. The government of Montene-
gro, together with former Ministry
of Education and Science (now two
ministries: Ministry of Education and
Ministry for Science), has prepared
the project of Electronic Information
System of Scientific-research activities
in Montenegro (e NID) which is sup-
posed to create a comprehensive data
base in scientific-research activities
which in some domains would rely on
the available applications of E-CRISS
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
3.5. Academic network
Academic network is the base for the
scientific-educational network in Mon-
tenegro. It is a full member of the
consortium of European academic
networks association (TERENA),
linked with the pan European aca-
demic network GEANT, full member
of European GRID initiative. It is also
registered as an autonomous system
(RIPE), focal point for the European
IT resources of high performances
(SEEGRID), as well as the technical
administrator of national “me” domain.
Academic network is one of the biggest
WAN networks in Montenegro with
45
more than 20.000 users. The network
is dispersed in 6 towns (Podgorica,
Niksic, Cetinje, Kotor, Herceg Novi,
Bijelo Polje). Links with this network
are enabled for Montenegrin Academy
of Sciences and Arts, Ministry of Edu-
cation and Science, Central National
Library in Cetinje as well as all the
students residences within the academic
campus owned by the University of
Montenegro. Complete communica-
tion infrastructure of WAN network is
owned by Montenegrin Telecom. And
all the cities are linked by MIPNET
with the actual capacity of 10Mb/s.
 Researchers in motion
46
3.6 RTD expenditure
According to the existing official avail-
able data collected by the national
Agency for Statistics MONSTAT, the
funds allocated from the state budget
for RTD as % of GDP is 0,1 in last
five years. Montenegro cannot set to
itself the objective of following the EU
allocation of 3% but it can make vari-
ous hypothetical projections in order
to analyze the problem and choose the
variant which is the most acceptable
and realistic. The main problem is how
to change the structure of funding and
increase the private, business and indus-
trial funding vs. public funding. The Na-
tional Strategy for Scientific-Research
Activities (2008-2016) predicts that it
should be 1% of total spending on RTD
as % of GDP until 2012 with the ratio
0,8% of public investment versus 0,2%
of other sources’ investment.
3.7 National RTD strategic spring, concerning the fact that the
research environment has changed
and legal framework
significantly and there is an utmost need
for introducing and defining quality in
A legal framework is indispensable in
research, parameters for funding on a
the organization of research institu-
competitive base, quality assurance well
tions, innovation infrastructure and
as all kinds of promotion and recogni-
programs that provide grants to these
tion of quality in research. The other
organizations and innovative compa-
important strategic documents related
nies. The most often in Montenegro
to scientific research are: Development
ST and Higher Education laws are
Directions of Montenegro as Ecological
prepared separately. The current Law
State, Strategy of Sustainable Develop-
on Scientific-Research Activities was
ment of Montenegro, Spatial Plan of
adopted in November 2005 with the
Montenegro, and Strategy of Informa-
following goals: Integration into ERA
tion Society (2004-2007), Strategy
and framework programs, sustainable
for Development of SMEs. Several
development of the country, introduc-
rulebooks in the domain of financing
tion of international quality standards,
of research also set up the competitive
more investment in scientific and re-
criteria in this field such as: Rulebook
search activities, connecting research-
on financing of scientific-research activ-
ers. Three years after the adoption of
ity, Rulebook on evaluation process of
the aforementioned Law, the Strategy
scientific-research projects, Rulebook
for Scientific- Research Activities in
on issuing of the working license for
Montenegro was adopted in June 2008.
the scientific-research institutions in
Amendments to the Law on Scientific-
Montenegro, Rulebook on register
Research Activities were prepared this
content, procedure of registering as

well as deletion from the register for
the scientific-research institutions in
Montenegro.
3.8 Research
infrastructure
Besides a number of weaknesses, like
a large difference in the development
of different research units or institu-
tions without setting and following
the national priorities, the lack of ad-
equate premises and updated large-scale
equipment, scientific-research institu-
tions in Montenegro still have some
competitive research infrastructure in
the fields of :
-Biomedical and life sciences, which
involves infrastructure in the field of
agriculture, public health, facilities
for Hydrograph examination, chem-
istry and microbiology of waters and
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
marine waters, as well as the infra-
structure for marine biology research.
-Computation and data processing,
which involves laboratories in the field
of power engineering, telecommuni-
cations, electronic devices, computer
engineering and technologies.
- M aterials science which involves
research laboratories and site test-
ing, materials testing (metallic, non
metallic, construction), microscopy.
47
3.9. Business, innovation
and technology in
Montenegro
What is of vital importance at this stage
of innovation “culture” in Montenegro
is to comprehend the current state of
research in the country as a whole,
and act accordingly, setting the goals
as realistic as possible. First of all, it is
evident that the academic community is
currently lacking good research groups,
not to mention interdisciplinary ones.
Also, the connections with industry
have decreased over years, and the
joint activities that exist are more fo-
cused on provision of different types of
services than on `real` research. It is a
consequence of the general situation in
the region over the past two decades
(conflicts, transition, privatization). As
for the international scientific coopera-
tion, its intensity was also reduced due
to isolation of the country in the past.
 Researchers in motion
48
3.9.1 G overnmental institutions in
charge of innovation:
Ministry of Information Society (in
charge of implementation of the Na-
tional IT strategy – research included),
Directorate for Development of SMEs
(in charge of CIP on the national level;
proposed by the Government to be
the contact institution for EUREKA),
Institute for Public Health (participates
in an FP7 project on food safety), Seis-
mological Observatory (participates in
FP7 `Environment` research project,
NATO SPS program), Hydrological
and Meteorological Service (partici-
pate in FP7 e-infrastructure project),
Centre for Eco-Toxicological Research,
Agency for Environmental Protec-
tion. Montenegro has established a
well-structured and well-funded SME
agency (Directorate for Development
of Small and Medium-sized Enter-
prises - SMEDA), but lags behind on
improving the regulatory environment,
particularly in relation to the role of
local administrations and human re-
source development dimensions as well
intellectual property rights.
3.9.2 Foreign organizations operating in
Montenegro in charge of funding
innovation:
Concerning the innovation issue, co-
operation with representatives of some
international institutions is intensified
accordingly: Organization for European
Security and Cooperation (OEBS),
World Bank, Foundation Institute for
Open Society (Office in Podgorica),
United Nations Development Program
(UNDP), Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung,
the Embassy of the Republic of Greece,
Ecole Nationale d’Administration
(ENA), USAID/CHECCHI Com-
pany Consulting Inc.
3.9.3 Strategic documents for innovation
and existing innovation infra-
structure
Strategic documents reflecting future
national strategy for innovation have
been highlighted here.
Generally, the documents and strategies
supporting the development of small and
medium sized enterprises are:
- Economic Reform Agenda for Mon-
tenegro 2002 – 2007,
- Strategy of development of small and
medium sized enterprises 2007 – 2010,
- Multi-annual Indicative Planning
Document (MIPD) 2007 - 2009 for
Montenegro,
The output of the existing efforts in
developing the “innovation” culture in
Montenegro are some start-ups which
try to manifest their work through new
knowledge or new products such as:
Business Start-up Centre Bar
Business incubator Podgorica
Network of Regional and Local Business
Centres (BSCs)

3.10 Possibilities of
external funding
of research and
innovation
There is a number of international do-
nor initiatives: IPA, European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, US-
AID (Firm Level Assistance Group),
World Bank, and the Centre for Entre-
preneurship and Economic Develop-
ment. Significant financial support is
also coming from Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment, Germany (BMZ), Government
of the Netherlands (Ministry of foreign
Affairs of the Netherlands), Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Technische Zusam-
menarbeit (GTZ), and Switzerland,
Austria.
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Links
Ministry of Education www.mps.gov.me
Ministry of Science www.mna.gov.me
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
www.canu.org.me
University of Montenegro www.ucg.ac.me
Mediterranean University www.unimediteran.net
University Donja Gorica www.udgedu.me
Directorate for Small and Medium Sized En-
terprises www.nasme.co.me
Business start-up centre Bar www.bscbar.org
49
4.1 About EURAXESS Monte-
negro
According to the Decision No 05-1/12-
456 from 20th April 2009, made by the
Ministry of Education of the Republic
of Montenegro, the University of Mon-
tenegro is designated as the Bridgehead
Organization in the realization of the
EURAXESS initiative in Montenegro.
The University of Mon-
tenegro was designated by the Ministry
of Education as the most appropriate
institution in Montenegro for the es-
tablishment of the EURAXESS Service
Center. The advantages of the University
in this respect are:
- Experience of the International Rela-
tions Office in mobility issues
- Capacity and facilities for the estab-
 Researchers in motion
50
lishment of new administrative services incoming mobility mobility network and offer information
- The only public University and employer and proximity assistance for researchers
Given the size of the country it is decided
of 55% of PhDs and MSc s/ MAs in in the whole country.
that one Bridgehead organization that
Montenegro
will at the same time function as the Active European EURAXESS portals
- Experience with EU education and
EURAXESS Service Center, will be
research programmes
sufficient to run the national researchers’
- Direct beneficiary of the largest part of

EURAXESS,
Steering group BHO EUropean
Commision

EURAXESS
Service center

Executive Group
for Mobility
Mobility Mobility
officers officers
at related to
facultics Mobility enterprise
of UoM officers sector
at
private
faculties
 51
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

Austria www.euraxess.at Norway www.euraxess.no

Belgium www.euraxess.be Poland www.euraxess.pl
Bosnia and Herzegovina www.euraxess.ba Portugal www.euraxess.pt
Bulgaria www.euraxess.bg Romania www.euraxess.ro
Czech Republic www.euraxess.cz Slovenia www.euraxess.si
Estonia www.smartestonia.ee/euraxess Serbia www.euraxess.rs
Finland www.aka.fi/en-gb/Mobility Spain www.euraxess.es
France http://ec.europa.eu/euraxess/np/france Sweden www.researchinsweden.se
Greece http://library.certh.gr/pls/rmp/mobility.main Switzerland www.euraxess.ch
Croatia www.euraxess.hr Turkey http://euraxess.tubitak.gov.tr
Macedonia www.euraxess.mk Great Britain www.britishcouncil.org/new/Euraxess-Home
Netherlands www.euraxess.nl
Island www.euraxess.is
Ireland www.euraxess.ie
Italy www.euraxess.it
Israel www.euraxess.gov.il
Cyprus www.euraxess.org.cy
Latvia www.euraxess.lv
Lithuania www.euraxess.lt
Luxemburg www.euraxess.lu
Hungary www.euraxess-hungary.hu
Malta www.euraxess.org.mt
Germany www.euraxess.de
 Researchers in motion
52
EURAXESS MONTENEGRO
STEERING GROUP MEMBERS

Igor Radusinović, Ministry of Education and Sports

Abdulah Abdić, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Administration
Nikola Dedeić, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
Jelena Ognjenovic, Montenegrin Employers’ Federation
Prof. dr Sreten Savićević, University of Montenegro
Prof. dr Vesna Karadžić, University of Montenegro
Prof. dr Vladimir Komnenić, University of Montenegro
Prof. dr Sonja Tomović-Šundić, University of Montenegro
Doc. dr Ramo Šendelj, Mediterranean University
 53
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

EURAXESS MONTENEGRO Milijana Novović

LOCAL CONTACT POINTS Faculty of Economics
e-mail: mnovovic@ac.me
+382 69 339 033
MEDITERRANEAN
Irena Orović
UNIVERSITY OF Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Civil UNIVERSITY
Engineering, Faculty of Architecture
MONTENEGRO e-mail: irenao@ac.me Milena Đekić
+382 67 516 795 e-mail: milena.djekic@unimediteran.net
Aleksandra Banjević, Humanities +382 67 832 666
Faculty of Philosophy +382 20 409 218
e-mail: ab@t-com.me
+382 69 022 200

Igor Vušanović, Engineering

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Metal-
UNIVERSITY
lurgy and Technology DONJA GORICA
e-mail: igorvus@ac.me
+382 67 224 404 Biljana Stamatović
e-mail: biljana.stamatovic@udg.edu.me
Olivera Komar, Social sciences
+382 69 676 257
Faculty of Political Sciences, Faculty of Law
e-mail: oliverak@ac.me
+382 67 277 651

Andrej Perović, Natural sciences

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Faculty
of Medicine, Faculty of Biotechnology
e-mail: aperov@t-com.me
+382 69 072 082
 Researchers in motion
54
4.2 Higher education insti-
tutions in Montenegro
University of Montenegro
The University of Montenegro was
founded on 29 April 1974 when three
faculties (Faculty of Economics, of En-
gineering and the Faculty of Law from
Titograd), two colleges (Teaching College
and Maritime Studies College) and three
independent scientific institutes (for His-
tory, for Agriculture and for Biological
and Medical Research), signed an Agree-
ment on Association into the University
in Titograd. A year after it was founded,
it changed its name into the University
”Veljko Vlahović”, and since 1992 it has
its present name. The seat of the Univer-
sity of Montenegro is in Podgorica, the
capital of Montenegro. The University of
Montenegro has developed in accordance
with the spirit of time and the growing
needs of Montenegro.
The University of Montenegro is situated
in ten Montenegrin towns: Podgorica,
Nikšic, Cetinje, Kotor, Herceg Novi, Bar,
Bijelo Polje, Budva, Pljevlja and Berane
and includes 20 faculties, three institutes
and two independent study programmes.
Faculty of Economics – Podgorica
Law Faculty – Podgorica
Faculty of Electrical Engineering – Pod-
gorica
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology
– Podgorica
Faculty of Civil Engineering – Podgorica
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering –
Podgorica
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Math-
ematics – Podgorica
Faculty of Medicine – Podgorica
Faculty of Philosophy – Nikšić
Faculty of Fine Arts – Cetinje
Faculty of Drama – Cetinje
Music Academy – Cetinje
Faculty of Maritime Studies – Kotor
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Manage-
ment – Kotor
Faculty of Applied Physiotherapy – Igalo,
Herceg Novi
Faculty of Political Sciences – Podgorica
Faculty of Architecture – Podgorica
Faculty of Biotechnology – Podgorica
Faculty for Sport and Physical Educa-
tion – Nikšić
Faculty of  Pharmacy – Podgorica
Independet study programme Geodesy
– Podgorica
Teacher Training in Albanian language
– Podgorica
The University includes three scientific
institutes as well:
Institute for Maritime Biology – Kotor
Institute for Foreign Languages – Pod-
gorica
Institute for History – Podgorica
The University Library and the Informa-
tion Technology Centre (CIS) function
as parts of the University.

University “Mediterranean”  16 December 2006. Faculty of Tourism,
The University “Mediterranean” is a
university located in Podgorica, Monte-
negro. It was founded on 30 May 2006,
as the first private university established
in Montenegro and consists of 6 faculties.
The university is member of the Balkan
Universities Network.
University “Mediterranean” is the first
private university in Montenegro. It was
founded on 30 May 2006 and consisted of
four organizational units: Faculty of Tour-
ism, Hotel and Trade Management Bar,
Faculty of Business Studies “Montenegro
Business School”, Faculty of Visual Arts
and Faculty of Information Technology.
Later on, two more faculties joined the
University ”Mediterranean”: Faculty of
Foreign Languages and Faculty of Law
officially became the organizational units
of the University “Mediterranean” on
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro
Hotel and Trade Management Bar was
founded in 2004. as the first private insti-
tution of higher education in Montene-
gro. On February 9, 2008, it changed its
name to: Faculty of Tourism Bar – MTS
– “Montenegro Tourism School”. The
seat of the University ”Mediterranean”
is in Podgorica, as well as the following
organizational units: Faculty of Business
Studies “Montenegro Business School”,
Faculty of Visual Arts, Faculty of Infor-
mation Technology, Faculty of Foreign
Languages and Faculty of Law. Faculty
of Tourism, while the Hotel and Trade
Management is located in Bar. Since its
founding, the University “Mediterranean”
Podgorica functions as a single legal entity
in accordance with the Bologna Decla-
ration. The quality of study programs at
all faculties of the University was evalu-
ated in 2008 by the expert committee of
the Council for Higher Education. The
University has been reaccredited for the
following five years which is an indication
of the high quality of our work. The report
55
of the expert team, among other things,
states: “The team was very surprised how
much the University ’Mediterranean’ has
developed and created a solid foundation
for rapid future development with the am-
bition to become a high quality regional
university”. The University is clearly and
fully committed to enhancing the quality
of studies in a systematic and organized
manner in order to be modern, flexible,
comparable, competitive and efficient. In
that sense and in compliance with the
Bologna process, there is a continuous
work on increasing the quality level of
all activities at the University - teaching,
study programmes, grading system based
on the introduction of the European
Credit Transfer and Accumulation Sys-
tem - ECTS, textbooks and literature,
equipment of study rooms and other areas,
information system, scientific research,
publishing, selection of teaching and
administration staff, library, permanent
education, interuniversity cooperation
and other standards.
 Researchers in motion
56
University Donja Gorica
University Donja Gorica (UDG) is a
private university in Montenegro, with
first faculties established in 2007. UDG
currently offers undergraduate studies at
five faculties:
Faculty of International Economics,
Finance and Business
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Information Systems and
Technologies
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Humanistic studies.
Strategic goal of education process is to
increase the quality of students’ knowl-
edge and to promote international repu-
tation of our school. Key principles that
UDG follows in order to achieve this
strategic goal are based on contempo-
rary and practical knowledge, flexibility,
interdisciplinary courses, and individu-
alism. In accordance with this idea, all
programs within UDG provide freedom
of choice to students, with possibility to
take classes at different faculties during
the course of study. A strong emphasis is
put on motivating students, encouraging
them, and building both their knowledge
and character, thus students are very
involved not only through lectures but
also through various projects, tutorials,
presentations, internships and sports
activities.
All programs at UDG are designed ac-
cording to the principles of the Bologna
Declaration, which ensures student
mobility, international recognition of
diplomas, as well as the pos
sibility of partial independent profiling
of the programs through a wide range
of elective courses, in accordance with
personal affinities and interests.
Besides these undergraduate programs,
UDG also offers Specialist and Master
programs.
 57
Researcher,s Guide to Montenegro

Intersectoral group that has contributed to the

collection of information published in the Guide:
Abdulah Abdić, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Administration
Ivana Šućur, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
Ana Stijepović, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
Vanja Drljević, Ministry of Education
Nada Kovač, Ministry of Education
Ljubinka Vujisić, Department of Public Revenues

Bridgehead Organization
University of Montenegro
Address: Cetinjska 2,
81000 Podgorica
Montenegro
e-mail: rektor@ac.me EURAXESS Services Centre
Phone +382 20 414 209 Address: Cetinjska 2
Fax +382 20 414 230 81000 Podgorica
Montenegro
Phone +382 20 414 250
Links: Fax +382 20 414 253
EURAXESS Portal of the European Commission www.euraxess.eu e-mail: euraxess.helpdesk@ac.me
EURAXESS Montenegro www.euraxess.me web: www.euraxess.me
Ministry of Education www.mps.gov.me
Ministry of Science www.mna.gov.me
University of Montenegro www.ucg.ac.me
International Relations Office of Montenegro www.ir.ac.me
FP7 Montenegro www.mneresearch.ac.me
 Researchers in motion
58

EURAXESS Montenegro
project team:
Prof. dr Mira Vukčević, Vice-rector for International Cooperation,
Project Coordinator
Tatjana Knežević, Project Manager
Jelena Pajković, Legal expert
Dijana Jovanović, Help-desk Officer
Luka Filipović, Portal engineer
Lidija Milosavljević, Portal administrator
Mirjana Mićković, Project assistant
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