Briefing Paper

SDG 16 & 17
and
Role of Political Parties
 Briefing Paper

SDG 16 & 17
and
Role of Political Parties
PILDAT is an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profit indigenous research and training institution with
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Published: March 2018

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Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

CONTENTS
Preface 05
Disclaimer 05
About the Author 07

Context 09

Evolution from MDGs 2015 to SDGs 2030 09

Overview of SDGs 09

SDGs 16 & 17: An Overview 09

Key Indicators of SDGs 16 & 17 09
Opportunities and Challenges within the Pakistan context in terms of 10
achieving the goals
Mapping of International Treaties, federal legislation and provincial 11
legislation to SDG 16 & 17

Why is it important for political parties to be aware of SDGs 16 & 17? 11

Arrangements made or to be made by the federal, provincial and local governments 12

to achieve SDGs and to monitor periodic progress

How can political parties know the progress on SDGs and see whether the country, 12
province or local government is on track?

Conclusion 13

List of Annexures:

Annex A: Sustainable Development Goals, 2030 14

Annex B: SDG 16: Indicators by target 15
Annex C: SDG 17: Indicators by target 17
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

Preface
Preface
Political Parties are an essential component of any democratic system and the foundation of a strong
parliament. A very limited work has been done for the development of political parties in Pakistan. To optimise
another successful democratic transition in 2018 and beyond, political parties must be supported and
strengthened.

Tabeer-Consolidating Democracy in Pakistan (CDIP) is working to support the democratic processes in

Pakistan by strengthening the capacity of the country's institutions to be more effective, accountable and
responsive to the needs of Pakistani people. The programme will achieve this by focusing on four inter-
related areas: Elections, Parliament, Political Parties and Democratic Space.

To evaluate the current context for the provision of support, the Tabeer team conducted an assessment of the
needs of political parties in Pakistan and carried out analysis of recent political party programmes in order to
learn lessons and to focus on the gaps left. The assessment was aimed at examining the current state of
major political parties – identifying areas in which the parties have begun to adopt reform measures and
areas where further efforts are needed. During this exercise, Tabeer project team realised the need for
improving the understanding of Political Party Officials on the Election Laws especially after the parliament
passed a new Elections Act, 2017.

The team reached out to 13 selected political parties and briefed them on Tabeer objectives. Responding to
the needs identified by political parties, Tabeer planned to develop a series of Briefing Papers on Pakistan's
international commitments and organise briefing-cum-training sessions for political parties officials in a multi-
party setting. This Briefing Paper is a part of the series of such Papers and focuses on the Sustainable
Development Goal 16 and 17 for use by the leaders, office-bearers, candidates, and workers of the political
parties. Using this paper, party officials will be briefed at a structured Briefing cum Training Session and they
will be expected, in turn, to train/brief their respective party colleagues.

Disclaimer
The views expressed in this paper belong to the author and do not necessarily represent the views of
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT) and Tabeer-Consolidating
Democracy in Pakistan.

March 2018

05
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

ABOUTTHE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
AUTHOR

M
r. Najam U Din is a lawyer, a former journalist, and a human rights activist and a researcher. He has
worked part or full-time in renowned English newspapers in Pakistan for more than a decade. Until
recently, Najam headed the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) as its director. He has
been the editor of the State of Human Rights in Pakistan, the annual flagship publication of HRCP, as well as
assistant editor of Pakistan Security Report, published by Islamabad-based Pak Institute for Peace Studies.
He has written extensively on social issues in newspapers and research journals. At HRCP, his research
focused, for nearly 11 years, on forced migration, rule of law and governance issues, and fundamental
freedoms. Najam stepped down as HRCP's director in November 2017 in order to focus on a health crisis in
the family. He continues to work from home on issues close to his heart.
07
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties
Context
In September 2015, leaders from 193 UN member
states came together at the Sustainable
Development Summit to plan on how to overcome
the most formidable challenges for the world's
future.
That plan—a set of 17 global goals to be achieved
by 2030—is known collectively as Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and also as the
global goals or the 2030 agenda for sustainable
development.
The SDGs are as much a plan as a universal call to
action on a broad range of socio-economic and
development issues, including ending poverty,
inequality and injustice, tackling hunger, ill health
and disease, and protecting the environment.
The SDGs are an inclusive, time-bound agenda to
take the right steps to improve life, in a sustainable
way, for future generations. They provide
guidelines and targets for all countries to adopt in
accordance with their own priorities and the
environmental challenges of the world at large.
Evolution from MDGs 2015 to SDGs
2030
In 2000, UN member countries set the target of
halving global poverty by 2015. In order to achieve
that, they established eight Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) or anti-poverty
targets that the world had committed to achieve by
2015.
The SDGs, which were launched in the beginning
of 2016 when the MDGs expired, built on the
successes of the latter. While the 2030 agenda
continues the focus on eradicating poverty, it
includes new areas such as climate change,
sustainable consumption, peace and justice and
protecting environmental resources among other
priorities. The 17 SDGs thus became the agenda
for the next 15 years.
The progress made on the MDGs over 15 years
showed the value of a common agenda reinforced
by goals and targets.
1. See Annex 1
There are important distinctions between SDGs
and MDGs. The MDG approach was to achieve by
2015 half the results on ending hunger and
poverty. The SDGs are designed to complete the
job on these and other targets.
Furthermore, the MDGs scheme focused on rich
donors aiding poor recipients. Since then there is
greater realization that the majority of the poorest
people live in the middle-income countries, and
not in the poorest nations. It has become better
understood that inequality, and not national-level
poverty, is the issue which applies to rich and poor
countries alike. The SDGs thus are goals
applicable to every country.
Finally, many countries, Pakistan included, had
failed to reach several MDG targets. The
expansion of goals under the SDGs was also an
attempt to improve on this record by including
areas that enhance possibilities of completing the
task. SDG 16 is of particular importance in that
respect.
Overview of SDGs
All 17 SDGs are interconnected in such a way that
the key to success for any particular one of them is
linked to tackling issues more commonly
associated with other SDGs. Each goal has its
own targets to achieve.
There are 169 targets for the 17 goals. Each target
has between 1 and 3 indicators, which are used to
measure progress toward reaching the targets. In
total, there are 304 indicators that are aimed at
measuring compliance. A list of the 17 SDGs is
annexed.1
SDGs 16 & 17: An Overview
a. Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong
institutions
The Goals, particularly through SDG 16, address
the areas of governance, inclusion, participation,
human rights and security, which had been not
been covered under the MDGs.
SDG 16 seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive
societies for sustainable development, provide
09

access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels.”
The 12 targets or sub-goals2 under SDG 16
include reduction in violence and related death
rates; an end to abuse, trafficking, exploitation,
torture and violence against children; rule of law
and equal access to justice; substantial reduction
in corruption and bribery; effective, accountable
and transparent institutions; responsive,
inclusive, participatory and representative
decision-making; provision of legal identity for all,
including birth registration; public access to
information and protection of fundamental
freedoms; and strengthening of institutions to
prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime;
promotion of non-discriminatory laws for
sustainable development.
By virtue of its focus on creating strong, inclusive
and effective institutions to deliver justice and
inclusive and participatory decision-making, SDG
16 is both an end in itself, and a vital part of
delivering sustainable development. That is why it
has in sometimes been referred to as the
transformational goal and key to ensuring that the
2030 agenda can be achieved.
b. Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Goal 17 focuses on the means of implementation
emphasises the need for strengthening “the
means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development.” It
suggests doing that by building a country's own
resources to implement the SDGs. The many
targets under Goal 17 focus on resource
mobilisation, transfer of efficient technology,
access to information and communications
technology (ICT), capacity building, and the need
for reliable statistical data, monitoring and
accountability.
It has been argued that for global partnerships to
have an impact, they should encompass a range
of elements including greater development
assistance, debt relief and trade agreements that
help developing countries find markets and better
conditions for foreign and domestic investment.
The value of partnerships — between
2. See Annex 2: SDG 16, indicators by target
3. Pakistan's challenges: Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030, United Nations, http://www.un.org.pk/pakistans-challenges-
sustainable-development-goals-2015-2030/ https://www.dawn.com/news/1287112/looking-inwards-the-new-development-
paradigm
4. See Annex 2.
10
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties
governments, the private sector, civil society and
the international community — has been stressed
in lifting people out of poverty, protecting the
environment and building peace.3
i. Key indicators of SDGs 16 & 17
The indicators facilitate the process of measuring
the actual performance and progress of any
country against the designated target under any
SDG. Under SDG 16, 23 indicators are set out for
the 12 sub-goals.4
All 23 indicators, including indicators 16.2.1
(ending child abuse), 16.2.3 (young women &
experienced sexual violence) and 16.3.2: (Un-
sentenced detainees) deserve attention in the
Pakistan context.
However, the indicators under the following sub-
goals are of particular relevance from a standpoint
of focus on participatory democracy and open and
transparent governance.
· 16.6. (Develop effective, accountable and
transparent institutions at all levels)
· 16.7. (Ensure responsive, inclusive,
participatory and representative decision-
making at all levels) are of particular
relevance
· 16.10. (Public access to information)
Out of the 25 indicators for Goal 17, those under
sub-goals 17.14 (policy coherence) and 17.17
(multi-stakeholder partnerships) may be
considered of key importance.5
ii.Opportunities and challenges within the
Pakistan context in terms of achieving the
goals
Pakistan had struggled considerably in
implementing the MDGs and failed to meet almost
all targets. MDGs were generally perhaps
considered a UN-driven agenda only to be
complied with through submission of periodic
progress reports. Important implementation
mechanisms could not be put in place.
However, a glance on Pakistan's assessment in
terms of progress does not make for an auspicious
beginning. The 2017 SDG global index gave
Pakistan a score of 55.6, compared to a regional
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties
average of 63.3.5 Pakistan consequently ranked
122 on the index, out of 157 nations. One
challenge prevalent is the absence of
administrative and financial powers for the district
governments, which would hamper progress at
the grassroots.
Perhaps a much bigger challenge relates to
creating awareness and knowledge about how
critical the SDG goals are for uplifting the lives of
the people and how to make the process
sustainable.
Gaps in statistics seem a major challenge for the
Planning Commission. From the SDG global
index, it is apparent that of the 230 indicators,
reporting of data on 14 overlapped to where either
data was not being reported at all or was being
reported on the sidelines. Reporting on around 45
per cent variables was available but was not being
computed.7
However, unlike the MDGs, the government
seems to have taken ownership of the SDGs,
including through parliament's adoption of SDGs
as the national development agenda and
devolution to the provinces and to at least some
extent to the district government and interest
shown by these tiers holds promise. However,
improved governance at these tiers will be
necessary to meeting the goals.
In the shape of SDGs, the country has an
opportunity to take ownership of dealing with the
challenges for future generations in a planned and
sustainable manner and not repeat its deplorable
performance of the MDGs. The beginning has
been auspicious amid leadership from the very top
at both the federal and provincial levels voicing
support.
iii. Mapping of international treaties, federal
legislation and provincial legislation
pertaining to SDG 16 and 17.
The SDGs are a blend of many pre-existing norms
and international standards with legal bases in
human rights or environmental law. In that
respect, numerous international human rights
treaties, including those focused on workers'
5. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN General Assembly Resolution A/70/1/E of 25
September 2015,
www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf
6. SDG Index Report 2017, pp. 216-217, http://www.sdgindex.org/assets/files/2017/2017-SDG-Index-and-Dashboards-Report--
full.pdf
7. The way forward, Khaleeq Kiani, 25 September 2017,
https://epaper.dawn.com/DetailImage.php?StoryImage=25_09_2017_601_006
rights, rights of women, children, in fact the whole
canopy of rights. Some examples of these can be
the following:
· International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
· International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights
· UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
· UN Convention Against Torture
National, provincial and district level laws relating
to governance, access to justice, rule of law
institutions, including police, investigation,
prosecution, judiciary, prisons, etc., as well as
those associated with statistics gathering or
capacity building will be relevant.
Fund raising measures and policies and annual
budgets would also be relevant legislative
measures with respect to SDGs 16 and 17.
Why is it important for political parties
to be aware of SDG 16 and 17?
The role of both political parties and parliament is
central to ensuring that Pakistan achieves the
SDGs. The parliament's centrality to the
successful implementation of the SDGs is obvious
from its role in drafting legislation, allocating
resources and conducting oversight.
By engaging civil society, the media, and citizens
on the importance of the SDGs and the progress
or lack thereof, the parliament, at times through its
committees, can make sure that people's views
are being represented in the policy process.
Political parties have a vital function in generating
debate, awareness and public interest in the
SDGs. Political parties and representatives need
to be vigilant in scrutinizing budgets and in
insisting that sufficient resources are made
available to meeting the development goals.
Parties can mobilise their members to discuss the
11

SDGs and reach out to other parties to take
common stands on the importance of achieving
the goals, and the strategy for doing that.
Inclusion of the SDGs in party platforms and
manifestos can draw the attention of their
supporters and voters to the importance of making
progress on these goals, as well as providing
direction to their senior officials when they are in
power. Focus on SDGs by one political party can
also persuade others to take a stand or give them
more prominence in their programmes and
commitments.
It is not important for a political party to be in power
to have an impact. Even in opposition, political
parties can raise questions and look to the SDGs
to hold to account the party or parties in power,
pointing out failures to make progress and offering
alternative policy ideas and leadership to help
achieve these goals.
The SDGs truly offer a unique opportunity to
parliament and political parties to actively engage
with the new development agenda to improve the
lot of the citizens.
Arrangements made or to be made by
the federal, provincial and local
governments to achieve SDGs and to
monitor periodic progress
Some of the more important steps taken by
Pakistan to facilitate progress towards realization
of SDGs include:
· The federal parliament's adoption of
SDGs as a national development agenda.
· Special SDG units established at the
Planning Commission and in the
provinces in order to mainstream SDG
objectives by creating synergies among
various federal and provincial
organisations and agencies. At the
Planning Commission level, proposals for
big projects are required to explain if and
how the projects were related to the
SDGs.
· Two other SDG units created — at Prime
Minister Office, and another at parliament
led by the Speaker — do not have an
internal interface for policy coordination
between them or with the unit at the
12
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties
Planning Commission.
· Some efforts are visible to take the SDG
implementation exercise to the
grassroots level through the local
government system as most of the SDG
areas have devolved to the provinces and
onwards to the district level. Local
government representatives at the district
level were engaged through a national
conference and invited to express their
priorities.
· The Planning Commission deputy
chairman has sought the commission to
replicate SDGs goals as national
development goals and to make them
part of the next five-year plan (2018-23),
with priority for education, health,
economic wellbeing, water, peace and
security and affordable energy. This offers
hope that the goals will be made of the
planning process and assigned to the line
ministries for implementation.
· As part of the SDG monitoring unit, a
scorecard is being developed on the
quantum of the federal or provincial
development plan going into a district and
on the outcomes.
How can political parties know the
progress on SDGs and see whether
the country, province or local
government is on track?
The ways in which political parties can stay
abreast of progress on SDG realization are limited
only by imagination. Some of these ways can be
direct and others indirect.
The political parties should also continuously
demand addressing gaps in the statistics and the
need for reliable statistical data, and monitoring
and accountability mechanisms.
· Periodic reports or statements of
government departments and ministries
in parliament
· Asking questions in the legislature and
parliamentary committees
· Annual reports of the federal, provincial
and local governments, detailing
spending and development
· Making requests under the freedom of
information law
· Perusing Universal Period Review (UPR)
reports, or other reports submitted to
Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

various treaty monitoring bodies and

reports such as those submitted under
the GSP+ trade concession arrangement
of the EU
· A few international organisations annually
track progress of all countries on an
annual basis. Going through their reports
can indicate progress
· Asking for details from the special SDG
units established at the Planning
Commission, at Prime Minister Office,
and one at parliament led by the Speaker
or from the SDG units in the provinces

Conclusion
In conclusion, unveiling SDGs and creating
accountability mechanisms alone is no silver
bullet, although that represents important first
steps. Experience has shown that civic
awareness and continuous political support can
have much influence over public institutions and
policies.

The role of political parties, and of the larger civil

society, in this endeavour cannot be emphasised
enough. Civil society has an important role to play
in collaborating or engaging with various
government tiers to “promote just, peaceful and
inclusive societies”. Conscious citizens acting
effectively and collectively can indeed hold
elected officials and governments accountable
and committed to introducing and implementing
coherent policies, and an enabling environment
for sustainable development at all levels.

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 Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

Annex-A

Sustainable Development Goals

Under the heading for each of the 17 SDGs listed below is the exact wording used in the UN document to
briefly detail them:

SDG No and Theme Goal

SDG 1: End Poverty End poverty in all its forms everywhere
SDG 2: Zero Hunger End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture
SDG 3: Good Health and Well- Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Being

SDG 4: Quality Education Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all
SDG 5: Gender Equality Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

SDG 6: Clean Water & Sanitation Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all
SDG 7: Affordable & Clean Energy Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
energy for all
SDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth,
Growth full and productive employment and decent work for all
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
Infrastructure industrialization and foster innovation
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities Reduce inequality within and among countries
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities & Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
Communities sustainable
SDG 12: Responsible Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Consumption and Production
SDG 13: Protect the Planet: Climate Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Action

SDG 14: Life below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine
resources for sustainable development
SDG 15: Life on Land Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
Institutions development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
SDG 17: Partnership for the Goals Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development

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Briefing Paper
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Role of Political Parties

Annex B
SDG 16: Indicators by target

16.1. Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age

Indicator 16.1.2: Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause

Indicator 16.1.3: Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the
previous 12 months

Indicator 16.1.4: Proportion of people that feel safe walking alone around the area they live

16.2. End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

Indicator 16.2.1: Percentage of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or
psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month

Indicator 16.2.2: Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of
exploitation

Indicator 16.2.3: Proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence
by age 18

16.3. Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice
for all

Indicator 16.3.1: Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization
to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms

Indicator 16.3.2: Unsentenced detainees as proportion of overall prison population

16.4. By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return
of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime

Indicator 16.4.1: Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars).

Indicator 16.4.2: Proportion of seized and small arms and light weapons that are recorded and traced, in
accordance with international standards and legal instruments

16.5. Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms

Indicator 16.5.1: Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe
to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

Indicator 16.5.2: Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a
bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

16.6. Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels

Indicator 16.6.1: Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or
by budget codes or similar)

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Indicator 16.6.2: Percentage of the population satisfied with their last experience of public services

16.7. Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels

Indicator 16.7.1: Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in
public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national
distributions

Indicator 16.7.2: Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex,
age, disability and population group

16.8. Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global
governance

Indicator 16.8.1: Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international
organizations

16.9. By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration

Indicator 16.9.1: Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil
authority, by age

16.10. Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with
national legislation and international agreements

Indicator 16.10.1: Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary
detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates
in the previous 12 months

Indicator 16.10.2: Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy
guarantees for public access to information

16.a. Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for
building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat
terrorism and crime

Indicator 16.a.1: Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris
Principles

16.b. Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development

Indicator 16.b.1: Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed
in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human
rights law

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Annex C

Goal 17: Indicators by target

Finance

17.1. Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to

developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection

Indicator 17.1.1: Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source

Indicator 17.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes

17.2. Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments,
including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of
ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed
countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per
cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries

Indicator 17.2.1: Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a
proportion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development
Assistance Committee donors' gross national income (GNI)

17.3. Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources

Indicator 17.3.1: Foreign direct investments (FDI), official development assistance and South-South
Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget

Indicator 17.3.2: Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP

17.4. Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated
policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and
address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress

Indicator 17.4.1: Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services

17.5. Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries

Indicator 17.5.1: Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least
developed countries

Technology

17.6. Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on
and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually
agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular

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at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism

Indicator 17.6.1: Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes
between countries, by type of cooperation

Indicator 17.6.2: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed

17.7. Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound
technologies to developing countries on favorable terms, including on concessional and
preferential terms, as mutually agreed

Indicator 17.7.1: Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development,
transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies

17.8. Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-
building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling
technology, in particular information and communications technology

Indicator 17.8.1: Proportion of individuals using the Internet

Capacity Building

17.9. Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in
developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development
goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation

Indicator 17.9.1: Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-
South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries

Trade

17.10. Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral

trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of
negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda

Indicator 17.10.1: Worldwide weighted tariff-average

17.11. Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to
doubling the least developed countries' share of global exports by 2020

Indicator 17.11.1: Developing countries' and least developed countries' share of global exports

17.12. Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis
for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by
ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are
transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access

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Briefing Paper
SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

Indicator 17.12.1: Average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small
island developing States

Systemic Issues

Policy and Institutional coherence

17.13. Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy
coherence

Indicator 17.13.1: Macroeconomic Dashboard

17.14. Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development

Indicator 17.14.1: Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of
sustainable development

17.15. Respect each country's policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for
poverty eradication and sustainable development

Indicator 17.15.1: Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of
development cooperation

Multi-stakeholder partnerships

17.16. Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-
stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial
resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in
particular developing countries

Indicator 17.16.1: Number of countries reporting progress in multi-stakeholder development effectiveness

monitoring frameworks that support the achievement of the sustainable development goals

17.17. Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships,
building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships

Indicator 17.17.1: Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private partnerships and civil
society partnerships

Data, monitoring and accountability

17.18. By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least
developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of
high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity,
migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national
contexts

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SDG 16 &17
Role of Political Parties

Indicator 17.18.1: Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with
full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official
Statistics

Indicator 17.18.2: Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the
Fundamental Principles of Official statistics

Indicator 17.18.3: Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under
implementation, by source of funding

17.19. By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable

development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building
in developing countries

Indicator 17.19.1: Dollar Value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in
developing countries

Indicator 17.19.2: Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing
census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death
registration

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