INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION.

Expanded Reproduction as the basis for agricultural sustainability: marketing, digital

economy, and smart technologies

Abstract

This chapter is devoted to studying the foundations of expanded Reproduction in agriculture. It is

substantiated – from the positions of the Sustainable Development Goals – that expanded

Reproduction is critically essential for agriculture's sustainability. Based on the official statistics

of the World Bank (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator), Knoema

(https://knoema.com/atlas/ranks/Crop-Production-index), and FaoStat (Database Updates:

http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home), the authors determine the type of Reproduction (simple,

narrow, or expanded) in agriculture of various countries based on studying the authors determine

the type of Reproduction (simple, narrow, or expanded) in agriculture of various countries based

on studying the international. A factor analysis of the contribution of marketing, the digital

economy, and smart technologies to Reproduction in agriculture is performed. Based on the

results of the factor analysis, the economic and mathematical models for developed and

developing countries are compiled, which allow studying the specifics of their Reproduction in

agriculture and taking into account the specifics of the factors’ influence on this Reproduction.

The obtained models are used to determine and substantiate the quantitative milestones (control

values of the statistical indicators are given) of provision (and maximization) of expanded

Reproduction in agriculture. Practical recommendations to improve the economic policy in the

sphere of regulation of agriculture for developed and developing countries for achievement (and

maximization) of expanded Reproduction are offered.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 2

Keywords: expanded Reproduction, sustainable agriculture, SDGs, marketing, digital economy,

smart technologies, developed countries, developing countries.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 3

Overview.

Intensification of Global Reproduction for Agricultural Sustainability.

To feed a growing global population, the world's food production must increase. In any

case, ranchers face significant obstacles. Agriculture should learn how to preserve to grow.

However, rising grain production has exhausted many countries' agribusinesses' traditional asset

base, endangering their future utility. Farmers in emerging markets must quadruple food output

over the next 40 years to meet long-term demand. A task made significantly more difficult by the

combined effects of environmental change and increased competition for land, water, and energy

(Tilman et al.,2011). Sustainable Crop Production Intensification (SCPI) is a unique paradigm

that maximizes yields from a smaller area of land while monitoring assets, minimizing adverse

climate effects, growing average capital, and advancing biological system administrations

(Petersen and Snapp, 2015).

Agricultural Production Intensification will be based on expanding frameworks that bring

various efficiency, financial, and environmental benefits to farmers and society as a whole.

Agricultural production using a biological system approach repairs and strengthens farmland.

SCPI cultivating frameworks will be built on protection horticultural methods, including using

the high-yielding adapted seed, integrated pest management, plant nutrition based on sound soils,

effective water management, and the integration of harvests, trees, and domesticated animals.

The concept of controllable Production frameworks is dynamic: they should present ranchers

with a diversity of potential practice combinations to investigate and change based on their local

Production circumstances and imperatives. These frameworks are rich with information. SCPI

strategies should build a limit through growth approaches, such as farmer field schools and

collaboration with neighbours (Lindenmayer et al.,2012).

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 4

Agriculture must revert to its roots by remembering the importance of healthy soil,

relying on natural sources of plant nutrition, and prudently using mineral compost. Biota- and

natural matter-rich soils lay the groundwork for higher yield efficiency. Supplements resulting

from a combination of mineral composts and natural sources, such as trash and nitrogen-fixing

harvests and trees, produce the best results. Mineral composts are economical to use and ensure

that nutrients reach the plant without harming the air, soil, or streams. Protective farming, mixed-

yield livestock, and agroforestry frameworks that increase soil richness should all be used to

promote soil health. They should eliminate incentives that promote mechanical culturing and

inefficient compost utilization and instead focus on farmers' precision methods such as urea

profound circumstance and site-specific supplementation.

Farmers will require an epigenetic modified different group of enhanced yield varieties

tolerant to a range of agro-environments and cultivation methods and resistant to environmental

change. In recent years, hereditarily improved grain assortments accounted for over half of the

rise in yields (Ray et al., 2013). In the future, plant reproducers should attain comparable results.

However, optimizing the delivery of high-yielding assortments to ranchers would require

significant improvements in the framework connecting Plant Germplasm Collections, Plant

Breeding, and Seed Delivery. Over the previous century, nearly 75% of Plant Genetic Resources

(PGR) have been depleted, and by 2050, 33% of present varieties may become extinct (Ray et

al., 2013). Increased support for PGR collection, preservation, and usage is necessary. Subsidies

are also being considered to reintroduce public plant breeding initiatives. Arrangements should

facilitate the connection of formal and rancher-preserved seed frameworks and the expansion of

neighbouring seed initiatives.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 5

Sustainable Intensification requires more intelligent, precise upgrades to the water system

and developing habits that employ environmental approaches to water rationing. For water

utilization, urban areas and ventures compete ferociously with farming (Phalan et al.,2011).

Despite its high efficiency, the water system is under pressure to mitigate its natural impacts,

such as soil salinization and spring contamination with nitrate. A critical milestone in achieving

practical Intensification will be developing an information-based precision water system capable

of providing solid and adaptive water application in conjunction with a scarcity water system and

wastewater reuse. There should be measures done to reduce irrational endowments that

incentivize farmers to squander water. Environmental change is threatening a substantial number

of rainfed small homesteads. Enhancing rainfed efficiency will require the employment of

improved, dry season open-minded assortments and water-saving board practices.

Importance of Intensified Reproduction for agriculture’s sustainability.

When carried out and maintained adequately, production with a consistent yield,

Intensification will produce the "shared benefit" benefits required to handle the dual challenges

of caring for the entire population while also conserving the planet. SCPI will enable nations to

plan, produce, and manage rural production in a way that meets society's needs and desires

without jeopardizing people's future ability to participate in the full range of ecological labour

and products. A decrease in the abuse of data sources, such as mineral composts, alongside

increases in usefulness, is one example of a mutually beneficial relationship that helps ranchers

and the environment.

Practical Intensification has a lot to offer to the table little ranchers and their families,

who constitute up more than 33 percent of the global populous, by enhancing their efficiency,

decreasing expenses, building flexibility to stress, and reinforcing their ability to manage risk.
INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 6

Reduced spending on horticultural sources of information will free up resources for ranches and

ranch families' food, health, and education. Increases in ranchers' overall profits will be achieved

at a lower natural cost, resulting in private and public benefits (Baulcombe et al.,2009).

Another commitment of preservation horticulture to sustainable Production

Intensification is avoiding soil aggravation and maintaining the dependability of harvest buildups

on the dirt surface. Traditionalist Agriculture (CA) approaches incorporate limited culturing

(Kuhn et al., 2016), which disturbs just the portion of the dirt that is to contain the seed column,

and additionally, no-culturing or direct cultivating, in which unsettling technological influence of

the soil is dispensed with crops are planted straight into a seedbed that has not been ploughed

since the previous crop.

Vulnerability to the cost and availability of energy in the future suggests the need for

efforts to reduce overall requirements for ranch force and energy. Compared to conventional

growing, conservation agriculture (CA) through Intensified Production techniques can reduce

those prerequisites by up to 60%. The savings are due to how most force-concentrated field

operations, such as culturing, are killed or reduced, facilitating work and force bottlenecks,

particularly during land readiness. Even though CA demands an interest in new and proper

homestead carries out, interest in hardware, particularly the number and size of work vehicles, is

entirely gone. The investment funds also apply to small-scale ranchers who rely on hand labour

or animal foothold.

Contribution of marketing, the digital economy, and smart technologies to Reproduction in

agriculture

The rain harvesting technology.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 7

Numerous rural places employ a variety of traditional and new water collection setups.

Ranchers with a limited scope utilize planting trenches to collect water and remediate

contaminated land in preparation for the development of millet and sorghum harvests. The

invention promotes penetration and accessibility of supplements, resulting in critical yield gains,

enhanced soil cover, and less downstream flooding. Benefits from the fourth year of operation

include a 400 percent increase in gross production value, higher soil moisture and richness, and

reduced downstream flooding.

Irrigation innovation that maximizes usability and net advantages.

Adopting high-yielding types with adequate water availability, soil richness, and harvest

security maximizes harvest utility. On the other hand, harvests can thrive even with a limited

water supply. Water supply is not always sufficient to meet the yield's requirements in a shortfall

water system, and moderate pressure is permitted in development plans that are less susceptible

to moisture deficiency. The notion is that any production loss will be minimal and that further

advantages will be realized by diverting stored water to flood future harvests. In any case,

utilizing a scarcity water system requires an in-depth understanding of soil-water and salt

management, as well as personal knowledge of crop behaviour, as crop response to water

pressure varies significantly.

Enhancing seed production and distribution

The issue with the public seed framework and its capacity to provide top-notch seed of

modified assortments to ranchers is a vital factor to consider while establishing SCPI programs.

The first phase should collaborate with every significant partner to build a proper seed method

and rules for assortment discharge.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 8

One probable outcome of possible Intensification is a more significant role for local seed

producers and economic sectors in assisting ranchers. The importance of business sectors in

maintaining variety is becoming more apparent. Markets can be aided by initiatives such as

neighbouring variety fairs, seed banks, and biodiversity registers, all of which promote the

preservation and sharing of indigenous resources and foster quality improvement.

Practical recommendations to improve the economic policy in the sphere of regulation of

agriculture for developed and developing countries to achieve expanded Reproduction.

Output and Input strategic pricing.

SCPI cannot be helpful without a vibrant and thriving market for data sources and

administrations, as well as the final output. The prices ranchers pay for inputs and receive for

agricultural harvests may be the most significant determinant of the extent, type, and

sustainability of harvest intensification they undertake. SCPI approaches impose a premium on

information costs, and novel approaches will be required to boost efficacy and influence

innovation decisions.

Given the instability of commodity prices in recent years, cost adjustment of farming

yields is an unavoidable prerequisite for realistic harvest intensification. Price volatility entails

significant pay differences and increased risk for ranchers who rely on farming income

(Tittonell, 2014). It impairs their ability to invest in viable frameworks and heightens the

temptation to sell conventional wealth for security. In the past, miniature level plans to address

value unpredictability typically fizzled. Increased visibility and intelligibility at the macro-

strategic level will almost probably result in far more workable arrangements. Existing

institutions, such as the coordination of import financing or limited-contingency assurances,

could act as a global safety net.

INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION. 9

Costs of environmental services.

The absence of market charges for environmental administrations and biodiversity

indicates that the benefits associated with such products are overlooked or devalued in dynamic

markets. Food expenditures in the farming sector do not include all costs related to food

production's climate. No offices exist to collect fees for low water quality or soil disintegration.

If farmgate costs accurately reflected the actual cost of production — with ranchers properly

compensating for any environmental damage they caused – food prices would most likely

increase. Along with charging for horticultural insults, schemes may compensate ranchers who

practice responsible ranching (Garnett et al.,2013).

Payments for natural administrations are gaining support as part of an empowered

strategy climate for economic agriculture and national development. In any case, appealing

arrangements will rely on empowering approaches and organizations at the local and global

levels frequently absent.

PES initiatives should span a vast number of manufacturers and regions to maximize

their benefits, achieving economies of scale in exchange costs and risk management across the

board. Integrating PES more closely with rural development programs is critical for minimizing

exchange costs. Given the open money cutoff thresholds, novel forms of optional approach

execution or more private subsidization should be devised, especially if private PES recipients

can be identified.

Agriculture investment.

The private sector, which includes farmers, processors, and merchants, requires a proper

governmental foundation and management to engage in Intensified Productivity. These are

necessary for local agriculture and marketing to compete with imports and for purchasers to
 INTENSIFIED SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODCUTION.
10

approach reasonable, privately supplied food (Pretty and Bharucha, 2014). Administrations need

to ensure affordable exchange rates for input procurement, product promotion, and access to

routine assets, data, preparation, instruction, and social services. This will demand adequate

money for help as well as net ventures.

To attain SCPI, the farming sector in developing nations will require significant and

continuous investment in human, financial, physical, and social capital. According to FAO

estimates, an annual gross venture of US$209 billion at 2009 prices is required in crucial

horticulture and downstream regions to achieve the required output increases by 2050.

Additionally, public investment is required in horticultural innovation work, country structure,

and social safety nets. Interest in agricultural nations' agriculture is certainly insufficient at the

moment. The absence of domestic subsidies has been exacerbated since the late 1980s by a fall

in horticulture ODA. Together, these scarcities have resulted in a historically low level of capital

for agricultural events over the last two decades. SCPI's success requires a significant expansion

of horticulture speculation.

Subsidies for environmental change variability and moderation are critical for SCPI.

Expanding variety in horticulture, for example, through increased plant reproduction and seed

frameworks, is a substantial component of sensible Intensification. SCPI might thus benefit from

financing dedicated to reversing environmental damage. Supportable Intensification may also

contribute significantly to environmental change mitigation by boosting carbon retention in well-

managed soils and reducing outflows due to increased compost and water system utilization. As

of now, there is no peaceful agreement or mechanism in place to give large-scale relief monies to

non-industrial nations' agriculture.

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11

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