UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCE

SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

NAME: HARRIET AFFUL EDUAQUAH

STUDENT NUMBER: NM/SMD/15/0020

COURSE NUMBER: PHNS101

DATE: 13/07/2016

QUESTION 1

(a) Enumerate six (6) rules that one need to observe when exercising.

1. Hold off on exercise when you're sick or feeling very fatigued.

2. Keep hydrated by simply drinking plenty of water or drinks that replace fluids

plus essential electrolytes.

3. Take five to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

4. Dress comfortably and properly for cold-weather and hot-weather workouts to

avoid hypothermia and hyperthermia.

5. Plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually unless you are already

exercising frequently and vigorously.

6. Do not exercise right after eating, as it can cause vomiting and nausea.

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(b) Describe the conditions that is necessary for good sleep.

The conditions necessary for good sleep can be grouped into, environmental, ones

physical, ones physiological and one’s psychological conditions.

The environmental conditions necessary for good sleep are, lights switched off or dimed,

well ventilated room, good room temperature such as a cool room, noiseless

environment, safe and protected sleeping place such as from the weather (appropriate

clothing should be worn) and animals, less or no electronic distractions such as

television, computers and mobile phones, comfortable sleeping place such as a soft clean

bed, and a clean sleeping place.

Ones physical conditions necessary for good sleep are, the positions one sleeps such as

left lateral position, maintaining a regular sleep-and-wake schedule, and absent of body

deformities such as vertebral deformities.

One’s physiological conditions necessary for good sleep are, the absence of pain

headaches and itch, well feed (adequate and right proportion of food eaten at the right

time) and not hungry, exercising during the day, time to relaxation (time to rested),

dilatation of peripheral vessels by drinking and or bathing warm water, breathing well

(not coughing and having dyspnea), avoiding simulating drugs like coffee and urinating

and passing stool less frequent during sleeping.

One’s psychological conditions necessary for good sleep are, stress free day, absence of

anxiety, absence of psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and depression, jet lag

and shift work.

All these conditions come together to ensure a good sleep.

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 QUESTION 2

State the functions of the skin.

1. Regulates body temperature.

2. Prevents loss of essential body fluids, and penetration of toxic substances.

3. Protection of the body from harmful effects of the sun and radiation.

4. Excretes toxic substances with sweat.

5. Mechanical support.

6. Immunological function mediated by Langerhans cells.

7. Sensory organ for touch, heat, cold, socio-sexual and emotional sensations.

8. Vitamin D synthesis from its precursors under the effect of sunlight and introversion of

steroids.

QUESTION 3

Importance of bed bath

1. Cleanse the skin. 

2. Improve and promote blood circulation.

3. Prevent bed sores.

4. Improved self-image. 

5. Reduce body odors.

6. Promote range of motion exercises.

7. Relaxes tensed muscles.

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 8. It gives psychological comfort and makes the patient feel fresh

9. It enables the nurse to assess the client for any abnormality

10. It also prevent dermatitis

B. State the benefits of this task to the patient.

1. Improve and promote blood circulation

2. Prevent bed sores

3. Cleanse the skin

4. Relaxes tensed muscles

QUESTION 4

List the components of personal hygiene.

1. Personal cleanliness

2. Rest and sleep

3. Exercise and recreation

4. Avoidance of fatigue

5. Bowel movement/ elimination

6. Good habit training

7. Good nutrition

8. Clothing

9. Regular medical check-up.

QUESTION 5

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a) What is ventilation?

Ventilation is the process or act of supplying a house or room continuously with fresh air.

b) Explain the importance of good ventilation in the community.

1. Good ventilation in the community prevent the community from diseases such as

tuberculosis, asthmatic attacks, common cold and pneumonia. The good

ventilation ensure that air does not stagnate and reduce the growth of pathogenic

organism in the community. Therefore, the inhalation of pathogenic organisms is

reduced.

2. Good ventilation improves breathing due to the quality of air breath in to the

lungs. Also because the amount of carbon dioxide is reduced and oxygen

increased, the lung is able to breath well.

3. It also promotes heath of the community as the body is able to adequately

oxygenate and improve the body’s function. People in the community will live

longer and healthier.

4. Good ventilation promotes comfort of the people in the community, as they are

able to breath and not feel stuffy. This is because it reduces the dust people breath

in. The people in the community can also sleep well, as the room temperature

become cool.

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REFERRENCE
1. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventilation retrieved at 5:00am,

13/07/2016.

2. http://www.drmhijazy.com/english/chapters/chapter02.htm retrieved at 5:00am,

13/07/2016.

3. http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/Sleep-and-mental-health retrieved at

5:00am, 13/07/2016.

4. http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/science/how/external-factors retrieved at

5:00am, 13/07/2016.

5. http://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors retrieved at 5:00am, 13/07/2016.

6. http://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/10-tips-for-exercising-safely retrieved at

5:00am, 13/07/2016.

7. Victoria Offei and Abaka Quansah, (2006) Principles of public health nursing .practice

and Disease prevention in Ghana. Vol 2. pages 135-136,144-145,160.

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