Prof. Juan M.

Alfaro

Earthquake Resistant Design of a Four-story RC

Building Based on E030

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, a detailed design of a four-stories office building having a regular layout which can
be divided into a number of similar vertical frames, has been considered to illustrate the analysis and
design of a frame. Only one frame in transverse direction has been considered for analysis and design.
A standard computer program on a personnel computer has been carried out for the analysis. The
design is carried out according to E030: 2019 following the E060: 2019 and ACI -318-19. The
detailing of reinforcement at level 2 in the frame considered has been presented.

PRELIMINARY DATA FOR EXAMPLE FRAME

The floor plan of a typical public-office building is shown in Figure 21.1. The plan is regular in
nature in the sense that it has all columns equally placed. Thus, entire building space frame can be
divided into a number of vertical frames. An interior frame 4-4 as shown in Figure 211: is considered
for analysis and design. Following are some of the salient features of the frame.

1. Type of structure Multi-stories rigid jointed frame

2. Zone 4
3. Layout As shown in Figure 21.1
4. Number of stories Four (G + 3) as shown in Figure 21.1
5. Ground story height 4.0 m
6. Floor-to -floor height 3.5 m
7 External walls 250 mm thick including plaster
8 Internal wall 150 mm thick including plaster
9 Live load 2.5 kN/m
10 Materials c = 25 kN/m³, f'c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa
11 Seismic analysis Equivalent static method (E030 2019 (Part I)
12 Design philosophy E060 – ACI-318-19
13 Ductility design ACI-318-19
14 Size of exterior column 400×550mm
15 Size of interior column 400×400mm
16 Size of beams in longitudinal and 300×500mm
transverse way
17 Total depth of slab 120mm
 Prof. Juan M. Alfaro

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D

1.00m

5.00m
C

4.00m
B

1.00m

5.00m
A
7 @ 4.0m = 28m

FIGURE 21.1 Typical plan of the building.

A B C D

3.50m
3.50m
14.50m

3.50m
3.75m

5.00m 4.00m 5.00m

FIGURE 21.2 Detail of frame 4-4.

LOADING DATA
Dead Load (DL) Live Load (LL) Earthquake Load (EQ)
Terrace water proofing (TWF) = Roof = 1.5 kN/m² cs = Z×U×C×S/R (E060)
1.5 kN/m² Z = 0.45 (zona 4)
Floor Finish (FF) = 0.5 kN/m² Live load on floor= 2.5 kN/m U = 1.3
Weight of slab C = 2.5
25 t kN/m², where t is total depth S = 1.05
of slab cs=0.45×1.3×2.5×1.05/8 =0.192
(Assume total depth of slab = 120 T = 0.09 h/d½ = 0.09
mm) 14.05/11.50½= 0.372
Weight of walls Para T = 0.372
External walls (250 mm thick) = C = 2.5 (E060)
4.5 kN/m/meter height (18 @
0.25)

Internal walls (150mm thick) =
2.7 kN/m/meter height(18 @
0.15)
ANALYSIS OF SUB-FRAME 4 -4
21.4.1 Dead Load Analysis
DL at roof level
Weight of slab
= 25 t = 25 × 0.12 = 3.0 kN/m²
Weight of finishes = F.F + T.W.F.
= 0.5 + 1.5 = 2.0 kN/m²
Total weight = 5.0 kN/m²
Total weight on beam A-B
Tributary floor area on beam A-B
= 0.5 (1.0+5.0) × (2+2) = 12 m²
Slab weight on beam A-B
= 5 × 12.00 = 60.00 kN
Weight on beam A-B per meter
= 60.00/5.0 = 12.0 kN/m
Self-weight of beam
= 25 × 0.30 × (0.50 - 0.12) = 2.85 kN/m
Total weight on beam A-B
= 12.0 + 2.85 = 14.85 kN/m
Total weight on beam B-C
Tributary floor area on beam B-C
= 0.5×4.0 × (2+2) = 8 m²
Slab weight on beam B-C
= 5 × 8.00 = 40.00 kN
Weight on beam B-C per meter
= 40.00/4.0 = 10.0 kN/m
Self-weight of beam
= 25 × 0 .30 x (0.50 - 0.12) = 2.85 kN/m
Total weight on beam A-B
= 10.0 + 2.85 = 12.85 kN/m
The dead loads on various beams and columns in the frame as shown in Figure 21.3.
Prof. Juan M. Alfaro
DL at floor level
Weight of slab
= 25 t = 25 × 0.12 = 3,0 k/m²
Weight of finishes (FF) = 0.5 kN/m²
Total weight = 3.5 kN/m²
Total weight on beam A-B
Tributary floor area on beam A-B
= 0.5 × (1.0+5.0) × (2+2) = 12. m²
Slab weight on beam A-B
= 3.5 × 12.0 = 42.00 kN
Weight on beam A-B per meter
= 42.00/5 = 8.4 kN/m
Self-weight of beam
= 25 × 0.30 × (0.50 - 0.12) = 2.85 kN/m
Weight of walls
= 20 × 0.15 x (3.50 - 0.50) = 9.00 kN/m
Total weight on beam A-B
= 8.4 + 2.85 +9.00 = 21.25 kN/m
Total weight on beam B-C
Tributary floor area on beam B-C
= 0.5 × 4.0 × (2+2) = 8 m²
Slab weight on beam B-C
= 3.5 × 8.00 = 28.00 kN
Weight on beam B-C per meter
= 28.00/4.0 = 3.5 kN/m
Self-weight of beam
= 25 x 0.30 x (0.5 - 0.12) = 2.85 kN/m
Weight of walls
= 20 × 0.15 × (3.50 - 0.50) = 9.00 kN/m
Total weight on beam B-C
= 3.5 + 2.85 +9.00= 15.35 kN/m
 Prof. Juan M. Alfaro

A 14.85 kN/m B C 14.85 kN/m D

12.85 kN/m

3.50m
21.25 kN/m 21.25 kN/m
15.35 kN/m

3.50m
21.25 kN/m 21.25 kN/m
15.35 kN/m
14.50m

3.50m
21.25 kN/m 21.25 kN/m
15.35 kN/m

3.75m
5.00m 4.00m 5.00m

FIGURE 21.3 Dead Load on Frame 4-4 (kN/m).

21.4.2 Live (Imposed) Load Analysis

LL at roof level LL at floor level

Weight of live load = 1.5 kN/m² Weight of live load = 2.5 kN/m²
Total weight on beam A-B Total weight on beam A-B
Tributary floor area on beam A-B Tributary floor area on beam A-B
= 0.5 (1.0+5.0) × (2+2) = 12 m² = 0.5 (1.0+5.0) × (2+2) = 12 m²
Total weight on beam A-B Total weight on beam A-B
= 1.5 × 12.00 = 18.00 kN = 2.5 × 12 = 30 kN
Weight on beam A-B per meter Weight on beam A-B per meter
= 18.00/5.0 = 3.6 kN/m = 30/5 = 6.0 kN/m
Total weight on beam B-C Total weight on beam B-C
Tributary floor area on beam B-C Tributary floor area on beam B-C
= 0.5×4.0 × (2+2) = 8 m² = 0.5×4.0 × (2+2) = 8 m²
Total weight on beam A-B Total weight on beam A-B
= 1.5 × 8.00 = 12.00 kN = 2.5 × 8 = 20 kN
Weight on beam B-C per meter Weight on beam B-C per meter
= 12.00/4.0 = 3.0 kN/m = 20/4 = 5 kN/m

The live loads on various beam s and columns in the frame are shown in Figure 21.4.
 Prof. Juan M. Alfaro

A 3.6 kN/m B C 3.6 kN/m D

3.0 kN/m

3.50m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
5 kN/m

3.50m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
5 kN/m
14.50m

3.50m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
5 kN/m

3.75m
5.00m 4.00m 5.00m

FIGURE21.4 Live Load on Frame 4-4 (kN/m )

21.4.3 Earthquake Load Analysis

Determination of total base shear

Dead load Live load

(a) Weight of floor i.e. (Ws + FF) Live load on roof = Zero
= 28 × 14 × (3.0 + 0.5) = 1372 kN Live load on floors
(b) Weight of roof i.e. (Ws + TWF + FF) = 50% of 3.5 kN/m² = 1.75 kN/m²
= 28 × 14 × (3.0 + 1.5 + 0.5) =1920 kN
(c) Weight of peripheral beams (Transverse) Total live load on each floor
= {2(5.0 - 0.55/2 - 0.4/2) x 2.85} × 2 +{1 ( 4.0 - = 28 × 14 × 1.75 = 686 kN
0.4/2 - 0.4/2 ) x 2.85} × 2 = 54.86 kN Concentrated mass
(d) Weight of peripheral beams (Longitudinal) At roof = (b + c + d + e + f/2 + g + h + i/2 + j ×
= {7(4.0 - 0.40/2 - 0.4/2) × 2.85} × 2= 196.35 3.50/2 + k × 3.50/2) + 0.0=3851.97 kN
kN
(e) Weight of parapet wall (1.0 m height, 150 mm
thick)
= 2 × (28 + 14) × 1.0 × 2.7 = 226.80 kN
(f) Weight of external wall (thickness of wall 250 At 2nd and 3rd floor =(a + c + d + f + g + h +
mm) i + (j + k ) 3.50) + 686 = 4976.87 kN
= 20 × 0.25 × (25.3 + 51.2) × (3.50 - 0.50) =
1147.5 kN
(g) Interior beams (Transverse) At 1st floor = (a + c + d + f + g + h + i + (j +
= {(2 × 4.625 + 3.6) × 2.85} × 6 = 96.62 kN k) (3.5 + 4.0)) 0.5) + 686 = 5014.83 kN
(h) Interior beams (Longitudinal)
= {(4.0 - 0.4) × 2.85 × 7} × 2 = 143.64 kN
(i) Weight of interior wall (thickness = 150 mm), Total weight = 3851.97 + 2 × 4976.87 +
Length (Transverse) 5014.83 = 18820.54 kN
= {(5 - 0.55/2 - 0.4/2) × 2 + (4-0.4)} × 6= 32.70
m
Length (Longitudinal)
 Prof. Juan M. Alfaro

= {(4.0 – 0.4) × 7 × 2} = 50.4 m

Height = 3.50 - 0.50 = 3.00 m
Weight = 20 x 0.15 x (32.70 + 50.4) × 3.00 =
747.90 kN
(j) Weight of exterior column/height Total base shear:
= 2 × 8 × 0.40 × 0.55 × 25 = 88 kN/m = Cs × W = 0.192 × 18820.54 = 3613.54 kN
(k) Weight of interior column/height Base shear in each frame
= 2 × 8 × 0.40 × 0.40 × 25 = 64 kN/m = 3613.54/8 = 451.69 kN = 452 kN

Determination of Design Lateral Loads at Each Floor

Level Wi (kN) hi (meter) Wihi Wihi/ Wihi Fi (kN)

Roof (Level 5) 3851.97 14.50 55853.565 0.3325 150.28

Third Floor (Level 4) 4976.87 11.00 54745.57 0.3259 147.29

Second Floor (Level 3) 4976.87 7.50 37326.525 0.2222 100.43

First Floor (Level 2) 5017.83 4.00 20071.32 0.1195 54.00

Ground Floor (Level 1) 0

167996.98 1.0000 452.00

The seismic loads in kN (sway to right) and (sway to left) on the considered frame are shown in
Figures 21.5 and 21.6 respectively.
A B C D A B C D
150.28 150.28

147.29 147.29

100.43 100.43

54 54

Figure 21.5 Load (sway to right) on Frame 4-4. Figure 21.6 Load (sway to left) on Frame 4-4.

21.5 DISPLACEMENT COMPUTER

The analysis has been carried out for Dead Load (DL), Live Load or Imposed Load (IL) and Earthquake Load (EL) in both the
directions i.e. sway to left (+ E L) and sway to right (-E L ) by a standard computer program. The combination of the above
eases has been made according to Clause 6.3 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 as given in Table 21.1. The member forces for the above
load combinations are given in Table 21.2