Tugas-Architecture in The City - 2020 - Final

Urban Design (Architecture of the City)
Urban Architecture (Architecture in the City)

Landscape Urbanism (Architecture, City and Nature)
V.02 | Part -1
Suryono Herlambang
Centropolis | Center for Metropolitan Studies
Program Studi Perencanaan Kota dan Real Estat
Jurusan Arsitektur dan Perencanaan, Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Tarumanagara
email: suryonoh@ft.untar.ac.id
Arsitektur Untar 11/9/2020 | Arsitektur UPH 14/32019

Urban Design
Standing between the profession of planning and architecture. It deals with the large-
scale organization and design of the city, with the massing and organization of
buildings and the space between them, but not with the design of the individual
buildings (Levy, 1997)
Urban Architecture
Buildings in an urban setting (Cowan, 2005)
Architects are available to “develop urban architecture of both order and diversity,
responsive to variables of the city’s street configuration, building density and
character, open space, and community and private life.”
Urban architecture design approach as it promotes architectural design that is
responsive to variables of the context; city, street pattern, building character, open
spaces and communities (Harvard Architectural Review, 1981)
Landscape Urbanism
is a call to turn the traditional practice of urban design inside out, starting with open
spaces and natural systems to structure urban form, instead of buildings and
infrastructure system (Durack, 2004)
Territories of Urban Design (Levy, 1997)
a) The bridge between planning and architecture
b) Urban design as public policy
c) The architecture of city
d) Urban design as restorative urbanism
e) Urban design as Smart Growth
f) The infrastructure of the city
g) Urban design as Community Advocacy
h) Urban design as a Frame of Mind
Central Plaza, Kopenhagen

Key Aspects of Urban Design (UDC, 2000)
Key Aspects of Urban Design (UDC, 2000)
Urban Architecture: Block, Street, and Building (New Urbanism, 1993)
• A primary task of all urban architecture and landscape design is the physical
definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use.
•Individual architectural projects should be seamlessly linked to their surroundings.
This issue transcends style.
•The revitalization of urban places depends on safety and security. The design of
streets and buildings should reinforce safe environments, but not at the expense of
accessibility and openness.
•In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately accommodate
automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the pedestrian and the form of
public space.
•Streets and squares should be safe, comfortable, and interesting to the pedestrian.
Properly configured, they encourage walking and enable neighbors to know each other
and protect their communities.
•Architecture and landscape design should grow from local climate, topography,
history, and building practice.
Urban Architecture: Block, Street, and Building (New Urbanism, 1993)
•Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community
identity and the culture of democracy. They deserve distinctive form, because their role is
different from that of other buildings and places that constitute the fabric of the city.
• All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather and
time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be more resource-efficient than
mechanical systems.
•Preservation and renewal of historic buildings, districts, and landscapes affirm the
continuity and evolution of urban society.
Media Park, Koln, Hertzberger (2003)

Urban Block and Buildings

Buildings and (Urban) Block


Towers in the Park (le Corbusier, 1920-1930)
Towers in the Park: Pruitt-Igoe Public Housing , St. Lousi (M. Yamasaki, 1951-1976)
Towers in the Park: Pruitt-Igoe demolition (1972-1976), the death of modern architecture (Jencks, 1977)
Towers in the Park: Stuyvesant Town, New York (1947-now)
Urban Block Typologies
Badel Block Complex, Zagreb: Urban Regeneration Competition
Luas tapak: 2 ha | Luas bangunan: 50-80.000 m2

Pablo Pita Architect
WAU Design
L Anic, D Balog, T Baresic, and S Gajic
PlaC
SANGRAD Architects
Popular Architecture
Badel Block Complex, Zagreb: Urban Regeneration Competition
Urban Block Typologies (Pedersen, 2009)
sustainable compact city (poul baek pedersen, ed., 2009)

Barcelona: Block City (Wang, Projective Cities, AA School, 2012)
Church as Urban Generator
Normally monuments are exceptions and generators of the urban plan, but in Ildefons Cerdà’s Eixample
in Barcelona the dominant type of city, the urban block, subsumes any other types. For example the
Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi can be seen less as a monument than a church subjugated to the block
structure, with its plan developed from the cloister and not a Gothic church.
Cerdà defined the blocks as pieces of public infrastructure through the concept of ‘interway’, which is
distinct from the isolated block structure and islands that Rem Koolhaas discovered in Manhattan, raising
the question of what a new urban idea of the interway could be.
Church as Exeption in Urban Plan

Block vs Cerdà’s Interway

Interway Elements
Interway Criteria
Interway Arrangement
The Block: Cerda vs Rem

Barcelona Eixample
Eixample Development
Eixample: Block Variation

Eixample: Sagrada Familia as Block-Landmark

Sagrada Familila: Church as Cloister – Plan Adaptation

Sagrada Familila: Church to Urban Block



Sagrada Familia: Cerdà’s Urban Plan of Interway

Sagrada Familia: Gaudi’s Urban Plan
Cerdà vs Gaudi’s Urban Plan: Reconceptualisation of the Public

Transformation of the Urban Block

Experiment Urban Block (MVRDV, FARMAX, 1997)
Experiment Urban Block (MVRDV, Sustainable Housing Complex, Eindhoven, 2017)
Experiment Urban Block (BIG, 8 House, Copenhagen, 2010)
Experiment Urban Block (BIG, 8 House, Copenhagen, 2010)
Experiment Urban Block (BIG, The World Woman Sports, Malmo, 2010)
Experiment Urban Block (BIG, The World Woman Sports, Malmo, 2010)
Experiment Urban Block (BIG, Apartment on Island 04, Aarhus, 2016)
Experiment Urban Block (Akihisa Hirata, Sarugaku, Tokyo, 2010)
from Towers in the Park to Park in the Tower: Singapore experiments
Pinnacle Duxton (ARC Studio & RSP Architects, 2009)
from tower in a park to park in a tower

Park Royal Hotel (WOHA, 009)
Kalibata City Apartment: Residence, Regency, Green Palace
(Program 1000 Tower, 2008)
Kalibata City Apartment: Residence, Regency, Green Palace
(Program 1000 Tower, 2008)
LRT City
Adhi Persadha Property
LRT City | Gateway Park, Jaticempaka, Bekasi Timur
kawasan mixed-use/TOD dengan luas total lahan 52.074 m2 dan luas total bangunan 279.832 m2 terdiri dari 5 tower
apartemen 16 lantai yang dihubungkan oleh 2 basement dilengkapi area Commercial Station Mall 5 lantai di mana
terdapat mall, restoran, coffee shop, pusat perbelanjaan yang berada di dalamnya.
LRT City | Gateway Park, Jaticempaka, Bekasi Timur
LRT City | Urban Signature, Ciracas, Jakarta Timur
Kawasan TOD seluas 11.5 ha. Urban Signature berlokasi di Jl. Pengantin Ali No. 88 ,Ciracas ,Jakarta Timur dengan
pendekatan pengembangan kota bersifat compact yang mengadaptasi tata ruang campuran (mixed use) dan
memaksimalkan penggunaan angkutan massal LRT serta dilengkapi jaringan pejalan kaki/sepeda.
LRT City | Urban Signature, Ciracas, Jakarta Timur
LRT City | Royal Sentul Park, Sentul City
LRT City | Royal Sentul Park, Sentul City
Kawasan dengan luas 14.8 ha dengan pendekatan pengembangan kota yang bersifat compact dengan
mengadaptasi tata ruang campuran (mixed use) dan memaksimalkan penggunaan angkutan massal LRT serta
dilengkapi jaringan pejalan kaki/sepeda
LRT City | Eastern Green, Bekasi Timur
Kawasan TOD dengan luas 16,9 ha dengan pendekatan pengembangan kota yang bersifat compact dengan
mengadaptasi tata ruang campuran (mixed use) dan memaksimalkan penggunaan angkutan massal LRT serta
dilengkapi jaringan pejalan kaki / sepeda.
Eastern Green terintegrasi langsung dengan stasiun LRT Bekasi Timur. Pengembangan kawasan ini terdiri dari 16
tower apartemen, mall, ruko, office tower, plaza / landscape, pedestrian dan bicycle track.
LRT City | Eastern Green, Bekasi Timur
Super block: FARMAX, MUMAX
Super Block: utopian of endless exploitation? (Bourdieu)
Pertama: karakter produksi ruang super development telah beralih dari orientasi
penguasaan lahan (land acquisition) ke orientasi maksimalisasi produksi ruang .
Untuk memperbesar volume proyek, pengembang tidak lagi perlu menguasai lahan
yang luas, tetapi menggunakan mekanisme peraturan intensitas bangunan secara
optimal (KLB/Koefisien Lantai Bangunan sebesar-besarnya - FARMAX /Floor Area
Ratio Maximum-MVRDV, 1999).
Sebagai ilustrasi, sebuah lahan seluas 10 hektar dengan KLB 10 akan menghasilkan ruang seluas
1 juta meter persegi. Dengan KLB 4 – angka rata-rata untuk proyek komersial di lokasi primer
Jakarta, pengembang lain membutuhkan lahan seluas 25 hektar.
Kedua, karakter penggunaan ruang bergeser dari mixed use (MU) menjadi mixed use
maximum (MUMAX). Untuk mengisi produksi ruang yang sangat luas diperlukan
maksimalisasi ragam aktivitas.
Filosofi dasar mixed use dari Urban Land Institute tentang percampuran paling tidak tiga
kegiatan (kerja, hunian dan komersial) demi efisiensi dan efektifitas operasional sebuah kawasan
pengembangan (prinsip dasar dari konsep sustainable development), tidak cukup.
Bigness (Koolhaas, 1995)
Bastion
If BIGNESS transforms architecture, its accumulation generates a new kind of city.
The exterior of the city is no longer a collective theatre where ‘it’ happens; there’s no
collective ‘it’ left. The street has become residue, organizational device, mere segment
of the continuous metropolitan plan where the remnants of the past face the
equipments of the new in an uneasy standoff. BIGNESS can exist anywhere in that
plane.
Not only is BIGNESS incapable of establishing relationships with the classical city-alt
most, it coexists- but in the quantity and complexity of the facilities it offers, it is itself
urban. BIGNESS no longer needs the city: it competes with the city; it pre-empts the
city, or better still, it is the city. If urbanism generated potential and architecture exploits
it, BIGNESS enlists the generosity of urbanism against the meanness of architecture.
BIGNESS = urbanism vs. architecture.
(Rem Koolhaas, “Bigness and the Problem of Large,1995)

Podomoro City
West Jakarta, 2004, 2007 (Central Park), Neo Soho (2015)
27 ha
Sudirman CBD
South Jakarta, 1992, 2004 (Pacific Place), 2015 (Signature Tower approved)
31, 5 ha
Peruri 88
South Jakarta
(2012-proposal)
terimakasih
s.herlambang@gmail.com
centropolis-untar – 092020

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Urban Design (Architecture of the City)

Urban Architecture (Architecture in the City)

Arsitektur Untar 11/9/2020 | Arsitektur UPH 14/32019

Central Plaza, Kopenhagen

Media Park, Koln, Hertzberger (2003)

Media Park, Koln, Hertzberger (2003)

Media Park, Koln, Hertzberger (2003)

Media Park, Koln, Hertzberger (2003)

Luas tapak: 2 ha | Luas bangunan: 50-80.000 m2

sustainable compact city (poul baek pedersen, ed., 2009)

Church as Urban Generator

Church as Exeption in Urban Plan

Block vs Cerdà’s Interway

The Block: Cerda vs Rem

Eixample: Block Variation

Eixample: Sagrada Familia as Block-Landmark

Sagrada Familila: Church as Cloister – Plan Adaptation

Sagrada Familila: Church to Urban Block

Sagrada Familila: Church to Urban Block

Sagrada Familila: Church to Urban Block

Sagrada Familia: Cerdà’s Urban Plan of Interway

Sagrada Familia: Gaudi’s Urban Plan

Cerdà vs Gaudi’s Urban Plan: Reconceptualisation of the Public

Transformation of the Urban Block

from Towers in the Park to Park in the Tower: Singapore experiments

If BIGNESS transforms architecture, its accumulation generates a new kind of city.

BIGNESS = urbanism vs. architecture.

(Rem Koolhaas, “Bigness and the Problem of Large,1995)

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