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Tropical Cyclone
Tropical Cyclone
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Focus / Questions
• They are tropical, meaning that they are generated in tropical areas
of the ocean near the Equator
Equator.
• They are cyclonic, meaning that their winds swirl around a central
eye. Wind direction is counterclockwise (west to east) in the
Northern Hemisphere and clockwise (east to west) in the Southern
Hemisphere (more about this later).
• They are low-pressure systems. The eye of a hurricane is always
a low-pressure area. The lowest barometric pressures ever recorded
h
have occurredd iinside
id hhurricanes.
i
• The winds swirling around the center of the storm have a sustained
speed of at least 74 mph (119 kph / 64 kt).
Parts of a Hurricane Armstrong F. Som
mpotan, SSi / UNIM
MA/ ITB
Eye
E : The llow-pressure, calm
Th l center
t off circulation
i l ti
Eye wall : Area around the eye with the fastest, most violent winds
Rain bands : Bands of thunderstorms circulating outward from the eye
th t are partt off the
that th evaporation/condensation
ti / d ti cycle
l that
th t
feeds the storm
Hurricane Forms
Stage Description
A trough of low pressure in the trade-wind
Tropical wave
easterlies
A moving g area of thunderstorms in the
Tropical
T i l
tropics that maintains its identity for 24
disturbance
hours or more
A tropical
p cyclone
y in which the maximum
Tropical
T i l
sustained surface wind is _38 miles/hour
depression
( _61 km/hour; _33 knots)
p
Tropical storm A tropical
p cyclone
y in which the maximum
sustained surface wind ranges from 39
miles/hour (62 km/hour; >33 knots) to
73 miles/hour (117 km/hour; <64 knots)
Hurricane/ A tropical cyclone in which maximum
typhoon/ sustained surface wind is _74 miles/hour
cyclone ( _118 km/hour; _64 knots)
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Three events must happen for hurricanes to form:
Satellite images and video are from Hurricane Wilma, a category 5 storm that devastated southern Florida in 2005.
M t information
Most i f ti was taken
t k from
f Ch i ti Kid
Christian Kids E
Explore
l E
Earth
th and
dSSpace by
b St
Stephanie
h i R Redmond
d d and
d
http://www.weatherwizkids.com/hurricane1.htm
Satellite images and video are from Hurricane Charley, Aug 13, 2004
http://www.weatherwizkids.com/hurricane1.htm
Price (1983) suggests that the frequency shift above the local inertial
frequency {(σ-f)/f} is equal to M/2.
Notes : Au and Bu are the least squares coefficients for the u-velocity componet (Table 17)
σ is the surface wave frequency (2π/T)
T is wave periode (nominally 5 5-15s)
15s)
k is the wavenumber (σ2/g)
g is the acceleration of gravity.
These current velocities are subtracted from the original AXCP current
profiles using
p g the coefficients in Table 17 and 18.
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane names
Atl ti Names
Atlantic N
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 The World Meteorological
Andrea Arthur Ana Alex Arlene Alberto Organization names
Barry Bertha Bill Bonnie Bret Beryl hurricanes, rotating between
Chantal Cristobal Claudette Charley Cindy Chris
Dean Dolly Danny Danielle Dennis Debby men and women’s names.
Erin Edouard Erika Earl Emily Ernesto There's 6 different
ff name lists
Felix Fay Fabian Frances Franklin Florence that alternate each year. If a
Gabrielle Gustav Grace Gaston Gert Gordon
Humberto Hanna Henri Hermine Harvey Helene hurricane does significant
Ingrid Isidore Isabel Ivan Irene Isaac damage its name is retired
damage,
Jerry Josephine Juan Jeanne Jose Joyce and replaced with another.
Karen Kyle Kate Karl Katrina Kirk
Lorenzo Lili Larry Lisa Lee Leslie
Melissa Marco Mindy Matthew Maria Michael
Noel Nana Nicholas Nicole Nate Nadine
Olga Omar Odette Otto Ophelia Oscar
Pablo Paloma Peter Paula Philippe Patty
No hurricane
Rebekah Rene Rose Richard Rita Rafael names begin with
Sebastien Sally Sam Shary Stan Sandy the letters
Tanya Teddy Teresa Tomas Tammy Tony
Van Vicky Victor Virginie Vince Valerie q,u,x,y,z.
Wendy Wilfred Wanda Walter Wilma William
Armstrong F. Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Eastern North Pacific Names
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Alvin Alma Andres Agatha Adrian Aletta
Barbara Boris Blanca Blas Beatriz Bud
Cosme Cristina Carlos Celia Calvin Carlotta
D lil
Dalila D
Douglasl D l
Dolores D b
Darby D
Dora D i l
Daniel
Erick Elida Enrique Estelle Eugene Emilia
Flossie Fausto Felicia Frank Fernanda Fabio
Gil Genevieve Guillermo Georgette Greg Gilma
Henriette Hernan Hilda Ho ard
Howard Hilar
Hilary Hector
Ivo Iselle Ignacio Isis Irwin Ileana
Juliette Julio Jimena Javier Jova John
Kiko Karina Kevin Kay Kenneth Kristy
Lorena Lowell Linda Lester Lidia Lane
Manuel Marie Marty Madeline Max Miriam
Narda Norbert Nora Newton Norma Norman
Octave Odile Olaf Orlene Otis Olivia
Priscilla Polo Patricia Paine Pilar Paul
Raymond Rachel Rick Roslyn Ramon Rosa
Sonia Simon Sandra Seymour Selma Sergio
Tico Trudy Terry Tina Todd Tara
Velma Vance Vivian Virgil Veronica Vicente
Wallis Winnie Waldo Winifred Wiley Willa
Xina Xavier Xina Xavier Xina Xavier
York Yolanda York Yolanda York Yolanda
Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke
These lists are also re-cycled every six years (the 2006 list will be used again in 2012).
Hurricane Wilma
Satellite images and video are from Hurricane Wilma, a category 5 storm that devastated southern Florida in 2005.
Most information was taken from Christian Kids Explore Earth and Space by Stephanie Redmond
and http://www.weatherwizkids.com/hurricane1.htm
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Ivan
(Jamaica)
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Ivan (USA)
When it hit the Gulf Coast of the USA at New Orleans wind speeds topped 150
mph and a 2525--foot storm surge destroyed levees,
levees flooding 80% of the city
city.
Almost 2000 people were killed, a million homes destroyed and $75 billion of
damage done to an area around the same size as the UK.
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Katrina
z August 2929, 2005
z Katrina made landfall near Buras-Triumph,Louisiana at 6:10a.m
z 160 MPH Winds
z Torrential Rains
z 30 Foot Storm Surge
z Tornadoes
z 90,000 Square Miles declared a disaster zone(the same size
as the UK.
z Almost 2000 people were killed
z Over a million people affected
z Th city
The it off New
N Orleans
Ol is
i without
ith t th
the b
basic
i needs
d off lif
life. Th
There
is no running water, electricity, or sewage. The standing water
is a breeding ground for bacteria.
z The estimated cost of Katrina is said to be around 200 Billion
Dollars. could pay for 100 Space Shuttles or the War in Iraq.
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Floyd
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Bertha
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricane Mitch
Hurricane Mitch
east of Florida, US
Armstrong F. Sompotan,
Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Hurricanes Over Western
Europe
Duration May
y 7- 21,, 2001
Intensity 50 kts (10-min), 985 hPa
Typhoon Linda, after moving through the Philippines and the South China Sea, hit the
Malay Peninsula on November 3 1997. It restrengthened in the Bay of Bengal, but vertical
shear caused Linda to dissipate on the 9th. Linda caused 330 deaths from flooding and
h
heavy d
damage.
Duration April
p 18- 19,, 2001
Intensity 25 kts
Paka remained a tropical storm until December 10 1997, when it was able to become a
typhoon. Five days later, Paka reached Super Typhoon strength, the eleventh of the
year. The next day it crossed over Guam, and on December 18, Paka reached a peak of
185 mphh winds.
i d After
Aft causingi major
j damage
d across the
th smaller
ll Western
W t P ifi island
Pacific i l d
groups, Paka rapidly weakened and dissipated on December 22
Super Typhoon Isa
Isa very gradually intensified, and on April 20 1997 the typhoon reached peak 1-min winds of
70 km/h ((165 mph),
p ), as reported
p byy the Joint Typhoon
yp Warning g Center;; Japan
p Meteorological
g
Agency reported maximum 10-min winds of 155 km/h (100 mph). After turning northward, it
accelerated to the northeast, and merged with a larger extratropical cyclone on April 24.
Armstrong F. Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Super Typhoon Rosie (Elang)
On July 18 1997, Tropical Depression 10W formed near Caroline Islands. 10W was upgraded to Tropical
Storm Rosie and became a Category 5 Super Typhoon on July 22 1997. Rosie moved northward and began
to weaken.
weaken Rosie made a landfall as a Category 1 typhoon at Shikoku,
Shikoku Japan on July 26.
26 Two people were
killed because of Rosie. From July 22-26, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration tracked the storm, and named it Elang
Armstrong F. Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Super Typhoon Winnie (Ibiang)
On August 5 1997, a tropical depression formed near the Marshall Islands. It headed northwestward,
slowly strengthening to a tropical storm on the 9th. Intensification became more rapid as conditions
became more favorable,, and Winnie reached typhoon
yp strength
g on the 10th. 2 days
y later,, it became
the 4th Super Typhoon of the season with peak winds of 160 mph. Soon after, the eye became ragged
and large, with an outer eyewall reaching 200 miles in diameter. On the 18th, a minimal Typhoon
Winnie passed north of Taiwan and hit eastern China,
Armstrong F. Sompotan, SSi / UNIMA/ ITB
Typhoon Amber (Miling)
Oliwa rapidly strengthened on September 9 1997 to reach a peak of 160 mph winds; the
sixth Super Typhoon of the year. Oliwa slowly weakened as it moved westward, and hit
Japan on September 15 and September 16. It turned to the northeast, and dissipated on
September 17 after causing 7 deaths and widespread damage from flooding.
flooding