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3 Cell Structures Functions
3 Cell Structures Functions
Intracellular – substances inside the cell Exocytosis – secretion of materials from cells
M o r a n o , M . A .
Peroxisomes Two Phases of the Cell Life Cycle
§ Enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids 1. Interphase – non-dividing phase
§ Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of 2. Cell Division – formation of daughter cells from
hydrogen peroxide a single parent cell
Cytoskeleton Mitosis
§ Holds organelles in place; enables the cell to 1. Prophase – chromatin condenses
change shape
2. Metaphase – chromosomes align at the center
§ Microtubules – support the cytoplasm; assist in
3. Anaphase – chromatids separate at the
cell division
centromere and migrate to opposite poles
Microfilaments – involved in cell movement
4. Telophase – chromosomes unravel to become
chromatin
Intermediate filaments – provide mechanical support
Differentiation
Centrioles
Centrosome – where microtubule formation occurs § Cells develop specialized structures and
functions
Centrioles – specialized zone of the cytoplasm
Apoptosis
Spindle fibers – involved in separation of chromosome § Programmed cell death
during mitosis
Cellular Aspects of Aging
Cillia, Flagella, and Microvilli 1. Cellular clock.
Cilia – moves substances over the surface 2. Death genes.
3. DNA damage.
Flagella – propel sperm cells 4. Free radicals.
5. Mitochondrial damage.
Microvilli – increase the surface area of cells; aids in
absorption
Whole-Cell Activity
Gene Expression
Gene – sequence of nucleotides
Nucleotide Pairs
Cytosine Guanine
Thymine Adenine
Uracil Adenine
M o r a n o , M . A .