Polyester & Natural Fibre (Cotton, Rayon etc) used in

daily life

Polyester

Q. List the use of polyester fibre in our daily life. What is the length range of
staple polyester fibre commonly used in the yarn manufacturing purposes?

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Difference between Cotton & Wool Fibre

Monofilament yarn
Monofilament yarn, as evident by its name, consist of a single solid filament.
Monofilament yarns are usually circular and solid in cross section. The shape of the
filament can be altered to produce noncircular and/or hollow filaments. The
diameter range of monofilament yarns is 100–2000 μm. The apparel applications of
monofilaments are limited owing to their low bulk and high bending rigidity. The
examples of monofilaments from everyday life include fishing line, dental floss, in
sports racquets, and bristles of tooth brushes. Hollow monofilaments are used in
softer sewing thread applications where elastomeric monofilaments find applications
in pressure garments.

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Multifilament yarn
In multifilament yarn production, each spinneret contains a plurality of holes (usually
30–100) and each hole of the spinneret creates a filament. Hence, multifilament
yarns are a collection of extremely fine monofilaments (filament diameter, 10–
50 μm). The Multifilament yarns are much more flexible than monofilaments at an
equivalent linear density, and also offer higher covering power. The structural
integrity of the strand is maintained by adding a slight twist to the strand of filaments.
In some instances, the component filaments can be entangled by a cold air jet
(alternative to twist) to produce intermingled or commingled yarn. Intermingled yarn
contains a single type of filament, whereas comingled yarns have more than one
filament type. The multifilament yarn with round filaments has a higher packing
fraction than the structured cross sections. Hence, the latter yarns offer higher bulk.
The two main types of multifilament yarns are flat and textured yarns.

Q. State the various types of filament yarns. Write the difference between Cotton
and wool fibre with 10 different parameters.

Q. Give the range of diameter in μm of Monofilament yarn and Multifilament fibres

available?

MMF Yarn Manufacturing Systems - MELT SPINNING

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The process flow of melt spinning is shown in the Figure below:

The process flow of dry spinning is shown in Figure 

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Rayon
Rayon is a regenerated cellulose fiber, which, although chemically similar to cotton,
differs in that its molecular weight is about one-fifth and crystallinity about one-half that
of cotton.

Viscose Fiber Appearance

Viscose rayon fiber used in the textile and apparel industries can be staple fiber or
multifilament fiber. Figure bellow shows a typical fiber shape for a commercial
viscose rayon fiber product with a 1.5-denier fineness and 1.5-in (38 mm) length.
The cross-section resembles a distorted circle with a serrated contour and the fiber
surface is smooth but striated longitudinally, as shown in Figure bellow. The luster of
viscose rayon fiber can be bright, semi-dull, or dull. Commonly used fineness of
viscose rayon fiber is in the range of 1.5–15 denier. Viscose rayon microfiber
(fineness less than 1 denier) is also available for production of microfiber fabrics.

Fig: Viscose rayon fiber cross-sectional view (FEI QUANTA FEG 650).

Q. What is a micro fibre and the fineness in

denier and length in mm.

 Viscose rayon fiber longitudinal view (FEI QUANTA FEG 650).