Practice Questions Only 1 Through 5

Practice Questions Workbook
Part I – Chapters 1 through 5
1 - Transformations
2 - Polynomial Functions
3 – Exponential and Logaritmic Functions
4 - Radical and Rational Functions
5 – Operations on Functions
Open Access for the 2021-22 School Year

1.1 Prerequisite Skills, Translations
1. Given the graphs below, state the domain (D) and range (R) for each function, in the notations specified.
Vertical Asymptote Vertical Asymptote
(a) (b) (c)
Horizontal
Asymptote
D:
D: D:
Set Interval
Set Interval Set
R:
R: R:
Set Interval
Set Interval Set
5
(d) (− , 17) (e) (f)
4
D: D: D:
Set Interval Set Interval Set
R: R: R:
Set Interval Set Interval Set
(g) (h)
D: D:
Set Interval
R: R:
Set Interval
Page |10 Note: Page numbers are not sequential, but match the full Math 30-1 EDGE Workbook
Chapter 1 – Transformations
2. Without graphing, state the domain and / or the range (as indicated) for each of the following functions.
Your choice – answer in either set or interval notation!
(a) = ( + 3) −4 (b) ℎ( ) = + 11 − 9 (c) = 6−9 +3
D: D: D:
R: R: R:
1 # +3
(d) !( ) = (e) "( ) = − 12 + −4 (f) =
+3 + −6
D: D: D:
−8
(g) $( ) = (h) ! =6 (i) = − 5 + 1 − 11
+7
D:
D: R: D:
−4
(j) = 5−2 +9 (k) =6 +5 (l) $( ) =
−3 −4
D:
R: D: D:
(m) = (n) = 3& + 1

+ +5
D: D:
Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page

1. (a) D: { | − 3 ≤ ≤6, ∈ ℝ} or [−3 , 6] (b) D: { | > −2, ∈ ℝ} or (−2 , ∞) (c) D: { | ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
R: { | − 1 ≤ ≤3, ∈ ℝ} or [−1 , 3] R: { ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, ∞) R: { | ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ}
(d) D: { ∈ ℝ} or (−∞ , ∞) (e) D: { | ≥ −4, ∈ ℝ} or [−4 , ∞) (f) D: {−4, −2, 0, 2, 6, 7}
R: { | ≤ 17 , ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, 17] R: { | ≤ 5, ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, 5] R: {−3, −1, 5, 6}
(g) D: { ∈ ℝ} or (−∞ , ∞) (h) D: { ≤ 4, ∈ ℝ} or (−∞ , 4]
R: { ∈ ℝ} or (−∞ , ∞) R: { | ≥ −2, ∈ ℝ} or [−2 , ∞)
Copyright © RTD Learning. Open Use Access provided to all Alberta teachers Page |11
and schools throughout the 2021-22 School Year
1.1 Prerequisite Skills and Translations
3. For each pair of functions below, = $( ) is obtained by horizontally and / or vertically translating the graph
of = !( ). Provide the indicated equations / mapping rule below.
(a) (b) (c) ) * = *

( = )(*)
( = +(*)
) * = * ( = +(*)
( = +(*)
i i
i Equation of $ in Equation of $ in
terms of !( ) terms of !( )
Equation of $ in
terms of !( ) ii
ii
Equation of $ in
iii Equation of $ in
terms of
terms of
Mapping rule of
=! → = $( ) iii iii
Mapping rule of Mapping rule of
=! → = $( ) =! → = $( )
4. The graphs of each function below can be obtained by horizontally and / or vertically translating one of the
basic graphs. Determine an equation for each function, in terms of . Then, indicate the domain and
range for each, in either set or interval notation.
Vertical Asymptote ( = +(*)
(a) (b) (c) ( = -(*)
( = )(*)
Horizontal
Asymptote
i i i
Equation of ! Equation of $ Equation of ,
ii ii ii
Domain Range Domain Range Domain Range

2. (a) D: { ∈ ℝ} or (−∞ , ∞) (b) D: { | ≥ −11 , ∈ ℝ} or [−11 , ∞) (c) D: { | ≤ 2/3 , ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, ]
#
R: { | ≥ −4 , ∈ ℝ} or [−4 , ∞) R: { | ≥ −9 , ∈ ℝ} or [−9, ∞) R: { | ≥ 3 , ∈ ℝ} or [3 , ∞)
(d) D: { | ≠ −3 , ∈ ℝ} (e) D: { ∈ ℝ} (f) D: { | ≠ −3, 2, ∈ ℝ} (g) D: { ∈ ℝ} (h) D: { ∈ ℝ} R: {6}
(i) D: { | ≥ −1/5, ∈ ℝ} (j) D: { ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ 9, ∈ ℝ} (k) D: { ∈ ℝ} (l) D: { | ≠ −1, 4, ∈ ℝ}
(m) D: { ∈ ℝ} (n) D: { ∈ ℝ}
Page |12
5. The graphs of each function below can be obtained by horizontally and / or vertically translating one of the
basic function graphs. Sketch each indicated function by plotting a minimum of 4 points. Then, indicate
the domain and range of each sketched function, using either set or interval notation.
(a) (b)
!( ) = −4+3 1
$ = +1
+4
Domain
Domain
Range
Range
(c) (d)
#
ℎ = +5 −1 = +2
Domain Domain
Range Range
6. For each pair of functions below,

i - Describe how the graph of function  can be obtained by transforming the graph of function .
ii – Provide a mapping rule.
iii – State the domain or range where prompted below
(a)  = 1/ (b)  =! (c)  ! = −1 +2
1
 = −7  =! +7 −1  =! +3 −2
− 11
i Description of transformations i Description of transformations i Description of transformations

from  to  from  to  from  to 
ii Mapping rule ii Mapping rule ii Mapping rule
iii Domain of function  iii Range of function 
Answers from previous page

3. (a) i $ =! −2 −4 (b) i $ = !( + 3) ii $ = +3 (c) i $ =! −4 ii $ = −4
ii ( , ) → ( + 2 , − 4) iii ( , ) → ( − 3 , ) iii ( , ) → ( , − 4)
4. (a) i ! = +1 1
(b) i $ = (c) i , = −1+5
+4
ii D: { ∈ ℝ} R: [1, ∞) ii D: { | ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} ii D: { | ≥ 1 , ∈ ℝ}
R: { | ≥ 5 , ∈ ℝ}
7. Given each graph of the function = !( ), sketch the graph of the indicated function on the same grid.
(a) =! +5 (b) =! −2 −4 (c) =! −5 −6
8. Given each mapping rule for = !( ) to a transformed function, state an equation for the transformed
function, in terms of !( ).
(a) ( , ) → ( + 1, + 2) (b) ( , ) → ( − 5, )
9. The function = !( ) is transformed to + 4 = !( − 2). The point /(−11, 5) is on the graph of = !( ).

(a) Describe the transformations from = !( ) (b) Determine the new coordinates of the
to + 4 = !( − 2). point / after the transformation.
10. A function ! = is transformed to = $( ) and = ℎ( ) by applying vertical translations, with the

effect described below. Determine the value and direction of the translation, and state an equation for the
transformed function, in terms of !( ) and in terms of .
(a) Determine the vertical translation applied if (b) Determine the vertical translation applied
= $( ) passes through (3, 13). if = ℎ( ) passes through (−4, 1).
i i
Translation Translation
ii ii
Equation of $ in terms of !( ) Equation in terms of !( )
iii iii
Equation of $ in terms of Equation in terms of

5. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Vertical
Asymptote
Horizontal
Asymptote
D: [4 , ∞) R: [3 , ∞) D: { | ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ} D: −∞, ∞ R: [−1 , ∞) D: { ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ}

6. (a) i Horiz. translation 11 units right, (b) i Horiz. translation 7 units left, (c) i Horiz. translation 3 units left,
vert. translation 7 units down vert. translation 1 unit down vert. translation 2 units down
ii ( , ) → ( + 11, − 7) ii ( , ) → ( − 7, − 1) ii ( , ) → ( − 3, − 2)
iii D: { | ≠ 11, ∈ ℝ} iii R: { | ≥ 0 , ∈ ℝ}
Page |14
11. A function ! = is transformed to = $( ) and = ℎ( ) by applying horizontal translations, with the
effect described below. Determine the value and direction of the translation, and state an equation for the
transformed function, in terms of !( ) and in terms of .
(a) Determine the horizontal translation applied (b) Determine the horizontal translation
if = $( ) passes through (7, 2). applied if = ℎ( ) passes through (−5, 5).
i Translation: i Translation:
ii Equation in terms of !( ) ii Equation in terms of !( )
iii Equation in terms of iii Equation in terms of
12. A function ! = ( + 2)# − 1 is transformed to = $( ) by applying vertical translation, so that the graph
of $( ) passes through the point (0, 2). Determine the value and direction of the translation, and state an
equation for the transformed function, in terms of !( ) and in terms of .
i Translation: ii Equation in terms of !( ): iii Equation in terms of
13. A function ! = − 1 + 4 is transformed to = $( ) by applying horizontal translation 5 units to the

left, and a vertical translation so that the graph of $( ) passes through the point (5, 15). Determine the
value and direction of the vertical translation, and state an equation for the transformed function, in terms
of !( ) and in terms of .
i Translation: ii Equation in terms of !( ): iii Equation in terms of
1
14. A function $( ) = is transformed to = ,( ) by horizontally translating the graph 7 unit left and
vertically translating 1 unit up, so the transformed graph passes through a point /(−9, 4).
Determine the value of 4.
Step-by-step solutions, along with videos and additional practice exams, can be found at math30-1edge.com
7. (a) (=) * +0 (b) (c) 8. (a) =! −1 +2
(b) =! +5
9. (a) Horiz translation 2

\ right, vertical
translation 4 down.
(b) P becomes(−9, 1)
(=) *−1 −2 (=) *−0 −3
10. (a) i vertical translation 4 units up (b) i vertical translation 15 units down
ii $ =! +4 iii $ = +4 ii ℎ =! − 15 iii ℎ = − 15
15. The graph of a function = !( ), shown on the right, is transformed to

create a function $ − 9 = !( + 5).
The point on the graph of = $( ) that corresponds to point P is in:
A. Quadrant I
 Exam
Style
B. Quadrant II
C. Quadrant III 5(3, −12)
D. Quadrant IV
Vertical
Asymptote = $( )
16. The function = $( ), shown on the right, is transformed * = −0
to , + 5 = $( − 6).
State the domain and range of = ,( )
17. The graph of a function = !( ), shown on the right, has a vertex at

= !( )
(−4, 1) and an equation that can be written in the form = ( − ℎ) +,.
A new function = $( ) is defined $ + 5 = !( − 9).
Determine each of the following:
i
Domain of $( ) (−4 , 1)
ii
Range of $( )
iii
Equation of $ in terms of
18. The function = !( ), shown on the right, is transformed to = $

by applying a horizontal translation.
If the graph of = $( ) passes through the point (−2, 5), an equation
for = $( ), in terms of !( ), is:
( = )(*)
Exam A. = !( + 4)
 Style
B. = !( − 4)
C. = !( − 3)
5
D. = !( + 3)
Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page and this page

11. (a) i horizontal translation 3 units right (b) i horizontal translation 30 units left
ii $ = !( − 3) iii $ = −3 ii $ = !( + 30) iii $ = + 30
ii $ =! −5 #
12. i vertical translation 5 units down iii $ = ( + 2) −6
13. i vertical translation 8 units up ii $ = ! + 5 + 8 iii $ = + 4 + 12 14. 4 = 1/2
15. C 16. D: { > 1, ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ} 17. i { ∈ ℝ} ii { ≥ −4 , ∈ ℝ} iii = ( − 5) −4 18. D
Page |16
1.2 Reflections
1. Each graph below, sketch the indicated function on the same grid, and provide the indicated characteristics.
(a) = !(− ) (b) = −$( ) (c) = −ℎ(− )
( = )(*) ( = 6(*)
( = +(*)
i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule:
ii Invariant point(s): ii Invariant point(s):
2. For each function below, sketch the function as described, and provide the equations and invariant points.
(a) Sketch = $( ), obtained by reflecting the (b) Sketch = ,( ), obtained by reflecting the
graph of = !( ) in the line = 0 graph of = ℎ( ) about the -axis
( = 6(*)
( = )(*)
i Equation of $( ) i Equation of ,( )
in terms of !( ): in terms of ℎ( ):
ii Equation of $( ) ii Equation of ,( )
in terms of : in terms of :
iii Coordinates of iii Coordinates of

Invariant point(s): Invariant point(s):
3. Determine the equation of each transformed function, obtained by reflecting the graph of ( = 1*1 + * − 7:
(a) About the line =0 (b) About the line =0
1.2 Reflections
4. For each of the following, the thicker graph of is obtained by transforming the thinner graph. For (a)
and (b) a reflection is applied, (c) enjoys both a reflection and a translation.
Determine an equation representing each thicker graph, as prompted.
(a) (b) (c)
= !( )
( = 8(*)
= ℎ( )
= 9( )
( = +(*) ( = -(*)
5. Each graph of = $( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = !( ). Determine an

equation representing = $( ), in terms of , for each.
(c) ! = ( − 3) −1
(a) ! = # + 6 + 12 + 8 (b) ! = +3 −2
( = )(*)
( = )(*) ( = +(*) ( = +(*) ( = +(*) ( = )(*)

1. (a) ( = )(−*) (b) (c)
i ( , ) → (− , ) ( = −+(*)
ii (0 , −3)
( = −6(−*)
on -axis
i ( , ) → ( ,− )
2. (a) i ( , ) → (− , − )
+(*) ii (−5, 0) and (−2, 0), on -axis
(b) i , = ℎ(− )
(:, 7) ii , =− − +9+1
(−7, −7)
i $ = −!( ) optional - simplify:
ii $ = +1 −1 - * = − −(* − :) + 7
iii (−2, 0) and (0, 0) +(*) iii (0, −2)
on -axis on -axis
3. (a) = −2 − +1 (b) =2 − −1
6. Each graph of = ,( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = ℎ( ). Determine an

equation representing = ,( ), in terms of , for each case.
(a) ℎ = +4 −3 (b) ℎ =− +3+4
( = 6(*)
( = -(*)
( = 6(*) ( = -(*)
# #
(c) ℎ = −2 − 11 + 12 (d) ℎ = −2 − 11 + 12
( = 6(*) ( = -(*) ( = 6(*)
( = -(*)
7. Each of = $( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = !( ) and applying a

translation. Determine an equation representing = $( ), in terms of !( ), for each case.
(a) (b) (c)
( = )(*) ( = +(*)
( = )(*)
( = +(*) ( = )(*) ( = +(*)
8. = !( ) has a domain { | ≥ −7 , ∈ ℝ}, a range { | ≤ 1 , ∈ ℝ}, and a graph that passes through /(6, −2).
Determine the new domain and range, as well as the new coordinates of / when the graph of = ! is:
(a) Reflected about the (b) Reflected about (c) Reflected about the line = 0 and
line = 0 the -axis vertically translated 5 units down.
i D: i D: i D:
ii R: ii R: ii R:
iii P iii P iii P

Step-by-step solutions can be found at math30-1edge.com
4. (a) $ = −!( ) (b) , = ℎ(− ) (c) " = −9 −2
#
5. (a) $ =− +6 − 12 + 8
Pretty neat how that
(b) $ =− +3 +2 Optional – simplify to…. worked out, no?
(c) $ = (− − 3) −1 $ = [ −1 + 3 ] −1 $ = (−1) +3 −1 1
+ * = *+; −7
1.2 Reflections
9. A function ! = ( + 6) +2 is reflected about the line = 0.

 Exam
Style
Use the codes below to complete the following statement.
0 Horizontally 2 18 6 left
1 Vertically 3 12 7 right NR This provides the same affect as ______ translating
4 6 8 up first digit of answer
the graph _____ units _____.
5 4 9 down
second digit third digit
10. The point /(−8, 2) lies on the graph of a function = !( ). Listed below are all possible
 Exam
Style
coordinates of the new point corresponding to / after !( ) undergoes a transformation.
Point 1 (8, −2) Point 2 (−8, −2) Point 3 (−24, 6)
Point 4 (−2 − 8) Point 5 (8, 2) Point 6 (8, 6)
NR The corresponding point when the graph of = !( ) is

Reflected in the line = 0 is _____. First digit of your answer
Reflected in the line = 0 is _____. First digit of your answer
Transformed to + 4 = !( − 16) is ____. Third digit of your answer
11. The graph of a function " = − + 10 − 33 is horizontally reflected in the line = 0.

 Exam
Style An equation for the resulting function is:
A. =− − 10 − 33
B. =− − 10 + 33
C. = − 10 − 33
D. = − 10 + 33
12. A function = !( ) has a range of (−∞ , 11]. When the function is transformed
 Exam
Style to + 3 = −!( ), the resulting function has a range of:
A. (−∞, −14]
B. [−14, ∞)
C. (−∞, −8]
D. [−8, ∞)
Answers from previous page as well as this page

6. (a) , = − + 4 − 3 optionally simplify to - * = −(* − 2) − ; (b) , = +3−4
(c) , = − # + 2 + 11 − 12 (d) , = − # − 2 + 11 + 12
7. (a) $ = −! +3 (b) $ = ![− +1 ] (c) $ = ![− −3 ]
Vertically reflect, Shift 3 up Horizontally reflect, Shift 1 unit left Horizontally reflect, Shift 3 units right
8. (a) i { | ≥ −7 , ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≥ −1 , ∈ ℝ} iii (6, 2) (b) i { | ≤ 7 , ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≤ 1 , ∈ ℝ} iii (−6, −2)
(c) i { | ≥ −7, ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≥ −6 , ∈ ℝ} iii (6, −3)
9. 037 10. 521 11. A 12. B
Page |26
1.3 Stretches
1. Given each graph of = !( ) below, sketch each transformed function, and provide all indicated characteristics.
1
(a) = !( ) (b) = 4!( )
3 i Transformation
( = )(*) in Words:
ii Mapping Rule:
( = )(*)
i Transformation iii Range of !( ):
in Words:
ii Mapping Rule:
… of transformed
function:
iii Domain of !( ):
… Domain of iv Coordinates of
transformed invariant point(s):
function:
iv Coordinates of
invariant point(s):
1
(c) = !(3 )
2
i Mapping Rule:
ii Domain of !( ):
Range of !( ):
iii Domain of transformed function:

( = )(*)
Range of transformed function:
2. Determine an equation, as specified, when the function ! =2 − 4 + 12 is:

(a) Vertically stretched by a factor of 2 (b) Horizontally stretched by a factor of 2
i Equation in i Equation in
terms of !( ): terms of !( ):
ii Equation in ii Equation in
terms of : terms of :
1.3 Stretches
7
3. The graph of ) * = − (* + ;)1 + = is shown below.
1
The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of !( ) about the line = 0 by a factor of 2.
(a) Sketch the graph of = $ . Be sure to indicate the new location of the
vertex, any and -intercepts, and any other key points.
Mapping Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ),

i In terms of )(*): ii In terms of *:
(c) State the location and coordinates

of any invariant point(s).
( = )(*)
(d) State the range of: i = !( ) ii = $( )
(e) State the (-intercept of: i = !( ) ii = $( )
4. A function = !( ) has a range of [−8, ∞), a domain of (−∞, 4], an -intercept (3, 0) and a
-intercept 0, −5 . Determine these characteristics for the following transformed functions.
1
(a) = −5!( ) i Domain: (b) = !( ) i Domain:
4
ii Range: ii Range:
iii -intercept: iii -intercept:
iv -intercept: iv -intercept:

1. (a) i Horiz. str, factor of 3 (b) i Vertical stretch
( = 2)(*)
ii ( , ) → (3 , ) factor of 4
iii ! : [−3, 4] ii ( , ) → ( , 4 )
transformed: 7
[−9, 4] ( = )( *) iii ! : [−3, 4]
; transformed:
iv (0, −2) on -axis [−12, 16]
1 1
(c) i ( , ) → ( , ) iv (1, 0) and 5, 0
3 2 on -axis
ii Domain: [−9, 12]
Range: [−6, 6]
7 2. (a) i ( = 1)(*)ii ( = 2*1 − =* + 12
iii Domain: [−3, 4] ( = )(;*) 7 7
1 (b) i ( = )( *) ii ( = *1 − 1* + 71
Range: [−3, 3] 1 1
5. The graph of ) * = 1(* + =) − 1 is shown below.

The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of !( ) about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/4.
(a) Sketch the graph of =$ . Indicate the new location of key points.
Mapping Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ) ;

( = )(*)
i In terms of !( ): ii In terms of :

(d) State the domain of: i = !( ) ii = $( )
(e) State the *-intercept of: i = !( ) ii = $( )
(f) The point /(10, 4) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the coordinates

of the corresponding point to / on the graph of = $( ).
6. Below is the graph of 8 * = (* + 2)(* − 1)(* − 3). The -intercepts have integer coordinates, and the
-intercept is (0, 48). The two points indicated on the graph have coordinates rounded to the nearest tenth.
The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of "( ) about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/2.
(a) Sketch the graph of =$ . Mapping ( = 8(*)
Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ) ; (−7. 3, 30. @)
i In terms of p( ): ii In terms of :
(c) State the location and coordinates of any invariant point(s).
(2. 1, −;1. 0)

3. (a) ( , ) → ( , 2 ) (−;, 73) 4. (a) i (−∞, 4] (b) i (−∞, 16]
(b) i $( ) = 2!( )
ii (−∞, 40] ii [−8, ∞)
ii $ =− +3 + 16 (?, @)
 Your graph should
(c) On the -axis; (−7, 0) include all iii (3, 0) iii (12, 0)
and (1, 0) indicated ()
iv (0, 25) iv (0, −5)
(d) i (−∞, 8] ii (−∞, 16] points!
(e) i (0, 3.5) ii (0, 7)
1.3 Stretches
7. The graph of ) * = ; * − 3 − 71 is shown on the right.

1
The graph of = $( ) is defined as $ = !( )
6
(a) Sketch the graph of = $ . Be sure to indicate the new location
Mapping of the vertex and intercepts.
Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of .

(d) State the range of:
i = !( ) ii = $( )
8. The graph of ) * = *1 + 1* − ; is shown on the right.

1
The graph of = $( ) is defined as $ = !( )
3
(a) Sketch the graph of = $ .
Be sure to indicate the new location of the vertex and intercepts.
Mapping Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for $( ), in terms of .
(d) The point /(−4, 5) is on the graph of = !( ).

Determine the coordinates of the corresponding
point to / on the graph of = $( ).

1 ( = +(*)
5. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) (c) On the -axis; (0, 2) (1. 0, 2)
4
(b) i $( ) = !(4 ) (d) i [−8, ∞) ii [−2, ∞)
ii $ = 2(4 + 8) − 2 (e) i (−6, 0) ii (−3/2, 0)

Optionally simplify: + * = =(* + 1) − 1 (f) 5 becomes: (2.5, 4) (−1, −1)
1
6. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) (−?. =, 30. @) ( = +(*) (b) i $( ) = "(2 )
2
Mult all -coords by 1/2 …. ii $( ) = (2 + 4)(2 − 2)(2 − 6)
New -intercepts are …. Optionally simplify: $( ) = 2 +2 2 − 1 2( − 3)
(−2, 0), (1, 0), and (3, 0) +(*) = = * + 1 * − 7 (* − ;)
(c) On the -axis…. (0, 48)

(1. 7, −;1. 0)
Page |38
7
9. The graph of ) * = (* + 1)1 − = is shown on the right.
1
The graph of $( ) is obtained by reflecting the graph of !( )
about the -axis, and vertically stretching by a factor of 2.
(a) Sketch the graph of =$ .
Mapping Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of .
(c) State coordinates of any invariant point(s).
(d) State the range of:

i = !( ) ii = $( ) Be sure to indicate the new location of all key points.
10. The graph of ) * = * + 1 − ; is shown on the right.

The graph of = $( ) is obtained by reflecting the
graph of !( ) about the -axis, and horizontally
stretching the graph by a factor of 1/2.
(a) Sketch the graph of =$ .

Mapping Rule:
(b) Determine an equation for $( ), in terms of .
(d) State the domain of:

i = !( ) ii = $( )
(e) The point /(14, 1) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the

coordinates of the corresponding point to / on the graph of = $( ).

1
7. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) 8. (a) ( , ) → (3 , ) ( = +(*)
6
1 ( = +(*) 1 1
(b) $ = −6 −2 (b) $ =( ) +2 −3
2 3 3
simplify to…
(c) on -axis… (2, 0) and (6, −2) 1 2
(10, 0) $ = + −3
9 3
(d) i [−12, ∞) ii [−2, ∞) Vertex: (−3, −4)
(c) on -axis… (0, −3) (d) (−12, 5)
1.3 Stretches
11. For each pair of graphs below, the graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of !( ). For
each, (i) determine a mapping rule, (ii) an equation for = $( ), in terms of !( ).
(a) (b)
( = )(*)
( = )(*)
( = +(*)
( = +(*)
i Mapping Rule:
i Mapping Rule:
ii Equation:
ii Equation:
(c)
i Mapping Rule:
( = )(*) ii Equation:
iii ALSO: -intercepts

of = $( ):
(exact rational values)
Note: Both a horizontal and

( = +(*) vertical stretch have been applied:
12. The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of !( ). The domain of ! is −∞, 5 and the
range is [−20, 15]. The domain of = $ is −∞, 5 and the range is [−16, 12].
Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of !( ).

9. (a) ( , ) → ( , −2 ) (−2, 16) 1
10. (a) ( , ) → (− , )
2
(b) $ =− +2 + 16 ( = +(*) (0, 2 − 3)
(b) $ = −2 + 2 − 3
(c) on -axis… (−6, 0) and simplify to…
(2, 0) (−3.5, 0)
$ = −2 −1 −3
(1, −3)
(d) i [−8, ∞) ii (−∞, 16] (c) on -axis… (0, 2 − 3)
( = +(*)
(d) i [−2, ∞) ii (−∞, 1] (e) (−7, 1)
Page |40
13. The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of !( ). The domain of ! is [−8, ∞) and the
range is [−9, 6]. The domain of = $ is [−2, ∞) and the range is [−6, 4].
Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of !( ).
14. The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph

1 ( = )(*) ( = +(*)
of ! =− + 2 ( − 4)
4
(a) State the mapping rule that describes the
transformation from = !( ) to = $( )
(b) Determine an equation for = $( )

i In terms ii In terms
of )(*): of *
(c) The point /(6, −32) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the

coordinates of the corresponding point to / on the graph of = $( ).

2 3 3 4
11. (a) i ( , ) → ( , 2 ) (b) i ( , ) → ( , ) (c) i ( , ) → (, ) 12. $ = !( )
3 4 2 5
ii = 2!( ) 3 3 4
ii = !( ) ii = !( ) iii (−5.25, 0), (1.5, 0) and (6, 0)
2 2 3
1.3 Stretches

of ! =2 − 12 + 10 The vertices and intercepts of both
graphs all have integer coordinates.

of )(*): of *
( = )(*)
( = +(*)

of ! = − +9−2
( = +(*)
( = )(*)
of )(*): of *
(c) Determine the -intercept of = $( )

2 3
13. $ = !(4 ) 14. (a) ( , ) → ( , 3 ) (b) i $ = 3!( ) ii $ =− + 2 ( − 4) (c) (6, −96)
3 4
Page |42
17. The graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching and reflecting the

( = )(*)
graph of ! = + 8 + 12
The vertices and intercepts of both graphs all have integer coordinates.

of )(*): of *
( = +(*)
18. The graph of = $( ) on the right is obtained by horizontally

and vertically stretching the graph of = !( ).
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of !( ).
( = )(*)
( = +(*)
(c) Determine the domain of = !( ), if the domain of

= $( ) is [−3.12, 3.12].

1 1 1 7
15. (a) ( , ) → (2 , ) (b) i $ = !( ) ii $ = 2( ) − 12( ) + 10 Simplify to: + * = *1 − 3* + 7?
2 2 2 1
2 3 3 ;
16. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) (b) i $ = !( ) ii $ = − +9 −2 Simplify to: + * = − (* − 3) − 1
3 2 2 1
(c) (10/3,0)
1.3 Stretches
19. For each of the following, the graph of = $( ) is obtained by stretching and / or reflecting the
graph of = !( ). Provide a mapping rule to describe the transformations for each.
(a) ! = 6( + 5) −8 (b) ! = 16 − 8 + 4 (c) ! = −2( − 3)# − 4
$ = 1.5( + 5) −2 $ = −2 +4 $ = 2(3 − 3)# + 4
(d) ! =3 −5 +6 (e) ! = 6 +8 (f) ! =2 −3 +5

$ = 9 − − 5 + 18 $ =− 2 +8 $ =8 +6 +5
20. Describe what happens to the graph of = !( ) when the following changes are made to its equation,
and provide a mapping rule.
1
(a) Replace with 5 (b) Replace with (c) Replace with −3
2
2
(d) Replace with and replace with − (e) Replace with − 1 and replace with −
3
1
(f) Replace with and replace with +4 (g) Replace with −5 and replace with −2
5

3 3 3
17. (a) ( , ) → ( , −) (b) i $ = − !( ) ii $ =− −6 −9
4 4 4
3 3 3 5
18. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) (b) $ = !( ) (c) [−5.2, 5.2]
5 2 2 3
Page |44
21. Given the function !( ) = 3( + 4)( − 2),

(a) State the zeros of = !( ) (b) State the zeros of = 4!( )
(c) State the zeros of = !(2 ) (d) State the zeros of = −!( )
1
(e) State the zeros of = !(− ) (f) State the zeros of = !( )
3
22. The graph of = $( ) on the right is obtained by applying one

stretch and one reflection to the graph of ! = + 4 − 5.
The vertices of both graphs have integer coordinates.
(a) Describe the transformation from = !( ) to = $( ),
(i) in words and (ii) with a mapping rule.
( = +(*)
( = )(*)
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ), (i) in terms of !( )
and (ii) in terms of .
(c) Determine the -intercept
of = $( ).

1 1
19. (a) ( , ) → ( , ) (b) ( , ) → (4 , ) (c) ( , ) → ( ,− )
4 3
1
(d) ( , ) → (− , 3 ) (e) ( , ) → (3 , − ) (f) ( , ) → (− , )
2
1
20. (a) Horizontal stretch about the -axis (or line = 0), factor of 1/5 ( , )→( , )
5
(b) Vertical stretch about the -axis (or line = 0), factor of 2 ( , ) → ( , 2 )
1
(c) Vertical stretch about = 0, factor of 1/3, and reflection about = 0 ( , ) → ( , − )
3
3
(d) Horiz. stretch about = 0, factor of 3/2, and reflection about -axis ( , ) → ( , − )
2
(e) Vert. reflection about = 0, horizontal translation 1 unit right ( , ) → ( + 1, − )
(f) Horiz. stretch about = 0, factor of 5, vertical translation 4 units down ( , ) → (5 , − 4)
1
(g) Vert. stretch about -axis, factor of 1/5, refl. about -axis, horiz. translation 2 units right ( , ) → ( + 2, − )
5
1.3 Stretches
23. The graph of = !( ) is reflected in the line = 0, stretched about the line = 0 by a factor
 Exam
Style of 1⁄4, and stretched about the -axis by a factor of 3 to create the graph of = $( ).
Point /(−3, 12) on the graph of = !( ) is transformed to which point on the graph of $( )?
A. (1, 3)
B. (1, −3)
C. (9, 3)
D. (−9, −3)
24. The graph of = !( ) is shown on the right.

 Exam
Style L
The graphs of = !( ) and = 2!( ) N
intersect at: ( = )(*)
K M O P
A. Point G
B. Point H J
C. Points E and F
D. Points G and I

 Exam
Style 1
The graph of = $( ) is defined as = −!( ).
2
The graph of = $( ) will contain the point:
A. (−4, 2)
B. (−1, 2)
C. (3, −4) ( = )(*)
D. (−3, 4)
Answers from previous page and this page

21. (a) −4 and 2 (b) −4 and 2 (c) −2 and 1 (d) −4 and 2 (e) −2 and 4 (f) −12 and 6
1
22. (a) i vertical stretch about the -axis, factor of 1/3, plus a horiz. reflection about the -axis. ii ( , ) → (− , )
3
1 A B C 5
(b) i $ = !(− ) ii $ =# −# −# (c) (0, − )
3 3
23. C 24. D 25. A
Page |46
1.4 Combining Transformations
1. For each graph of = !( ) below, provide a mapping rule and sketch each indicated transformed function.
(a) $ = −! 2 −2 (b) ℎ( ) = 3![− +2 ]
Mapping Rule: Mapping Rule:
( = )(*)
( = )(*)
1
(c) , = −! 3 − 6 − 1 (d) " = !(−0.5 + 1)
2
( = )(*) ( = )(*)
2. Construct a mapping rule for each of the following transformations of a function = !( ), listed below. Then,
determine the new coordinates of a point /(8, 6) on the graph of = !( ), after the transformation.
(a) + 5 = 3!(− + 2)
i Mapping:
ii New Point:
(b) −2 = !(4 − 8)
i Mapping:
ii New Point:
1 1
(c) = !(− − 5)
4 3
i Mapping:
ii New Point:
3. A function = !( ) has a domain of [−12, 8] and a range [−6, 10]. For each of the transformations of !( )
described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii) domain and (iii) range.
3 1
(a) = !( ) − 5 (b) + 1 = 3!(− + 2) (c) −2 = !(4 − 8)
2 2
4. A function = !( ) has a domain of { ≥ −12 , ∈ ℝ} and a range { ≤ 9 , ∈ ℝ}.

For each of the transformations of !( ) described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii)
domain and (iii) range.
2 4
(a) = 2! − +3 (b) −4= ![ −5 ] (c) −4 = !(3 + 12)
3 3

7 7 7
1. (a) (*, () → ( * , −( − 1) (b) (*, () → (−* − 1 , ;() (c) (*, () → ( * + 1 , −( − 7) (d) (*, () → (−1* + 1 , ()
1 ; 1
( = )(*)
( = )(*) ( = )(*)
( = 8(*)
( = )(*)
( = 6(*) ( = -(*)
( = +(*) RTD Learning
PowerMath
7 7
2. (a) i (*, () → (−* + 1 , ;( − 0) (b) i (*, () → ( * + 1 , − () (c) i (*, () → (−;* − 70 , 2()
2 1
ii (=, 3) → (−3, 7;) ii (=, 3) → (2, −;) ii (=, 3) → (−;:, 12)
5. The graph of ! = ( − 1) −16 is shown on the right.

A function = $( ) is defined in terms of !( ) as:
1
$ =− ! +3 +5
4
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation
from = !( ) to = $( ).
(b) Transform all points with integer coordinates to

sketch the graph of = $( ) on the same grid.
(c) Write an equation for = $( ), in terms of .
6. A function ! = ( + 4) is transformed by:

- Reflecting the graph in the line = 0
- Stretching the graph vertically by a factor of 3
- Horizontally translating the graph 1 unit right and vertically translating the graph 2 units down
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the (b) Determine an equation for = $( )
transformation from !( ) to $( ). i in terms of !( ): ii in terms of :

; 7 7
3. (a) i (*, () → (1* , ( − 0) (b) i (*, () → (−* + 1 , ;( − 7) (c) i (*, () → ( * + 1 , − ()
1 2 1
ii D: [−12, 73] ii D: [−3, 72] ii D: [−7, 2]
iii R: [−72, 7?] iii R: [−7:, 1:] iii R: [−0, ;]
3 2 1 1
4. (a) i ( , ) → (− , 2 + 3) (b) i ( , ) → ( +5, + 4) (c) i ( , ) → ( − 4 ,− )
4 3 3 4
D:
ii { | ≤ 12 , ∈ ℝ} ii D: { | ≥ −4, ∈ ℝ} ii D: { | ≥ −8, ∈ ℝ}
R:
iii { | ≤ 21 , ∈ ℝ} iii R: { | ≤ 10 , ∈ ℝ} iii R: { | ≥ −2.25 , ∈ ℝ}
Page |56
7. The graph of ! =2 + 4 − 2 is shown on the right.

A function = $( ) is given by $ = 3! − + 2
from = !( ) to = $( ).

8. The graph of ! = + 9 − 2 is shown on the right.

A transformed function is given by − 1 = −! 0.5 − 2
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation.
(b) Transform all points with integer coordinates

to sketch the graph of the transformed
function on the same grid.
(c) Write an equation for the transformed function,

in terms of .

1 (−2, 9) 6. (a) ( , ) → (− + 1 , 3 − 2)
5. (a) ( , ) → ( − 3 , − + 5)
4
(b) Transform vertex: (b) i $ = 3! − −1 −2
1
(1, −16) → (7 − 3 , − (−73) + 5) ii $ = 3[− − 1) + 4 ] −2
4
$ = 3[− − 5 ] −2
(−2, 9) Continue with other pts
on graph of !( )…. Optionally simplify to:
1 $ =3 −5 −2
(c) $ = − ( + 2) + 9 ( = +(*)
4
9. The graph of ! = − 4 − 5 is shown on the right.

A function = $( ) is given by $ = −2! + 3 + 4
from = !( ) to = $( ).
(b) Transform all indicated () points to sketch the

graph of = $( ) on the same grid.
10. The graph of ! = 0.5( + 4) − 6 is shown on the right.

A function = $( ) is given by $ = ! −4 − 2
from = !( ) to = $( ).
(b) Transform all indicated () points to sketch the

graph of = $( ) on the same grid.

7. (a) ( , ) → (− + 2 , 3 ) (−;, 71) 8. (a) ( , ) → (2 + 4 , − + 1)
(b) (−4, −2) → (6, −6) ( = +(*) (b) (−9, −2) → (−14, 3) and so on….
(−3, 0) → (5, 0) (1, 3)
(c) =− 0.5 − 2 + 9 − 2 + 1 Simplify
and so on…. to…
(0, ?) = − 0.5 + 14 + 3
(c) = 3(2 − + 2 + 4 − 2)
(−72, ;)
Simplify to: (3, −3)
(−71, 1) (−3, 7)
+(*) = 3 −(* − 3) − 3
(2, ?)
(7=, −7)
Transformed function
Page |58
11. A function ! = − + 2 is transformed by:

- Stretching the graph horizontally about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/4
- Horizontally translating the graph 1 unit right and vertically translating the graph 2 units up
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the
transformation from !( ) to $( ).
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ) i in terms of !( ): ii in terms of :
(c) The range of = !( ) is (−∞, 2].

Determine the range of = $( ).
(d) The horizontal stretch applied to the graph of = !( )

can instead be described by a vertical stretch.
Determine the magnitude of the vertical stretch.

9. (a) ( , ) → ( − 3 , −2 + 4) (−7, 72) 1
(?, 71) 10. (a) ( , ) → (− , − 2) ( = +(*)
4
(b) (4, −5) → (1, 14) ( = +(*)
(b) (−4, −6) → (1, −8)
(3, −4) → (0, 12)
(0, −4) → (0, −6)
and so on….
and so on….
(7, −=)
(c) = −1 * + ; − 4 − 5 + 2 Simplifies to… (c) = 0.5 −2* + 2 − 3 − 1 Simplifies to…
+(*) = −1 * − 7 + 72 $ = −2 + 2 − 8 + * = −1(* − 7) − =
12. A function ! = ( + 16)# is transformed by:

- Stretching the graph horizontally by a factor of 1/8
- Horizontally translating the graph 2 units right and vertically translating the graph 3 units down
transformation from !( ) to $( ).
(b) Determine an equation for = $( ) i in terms of !( ): ii in terms of :
(c) The horizontal stretch applied to the graph of = !( ) can instead be described by a vertical stretch
and a horizontal translation. Determine the magnitude of the vertical stretch and the magnitude and
direction of the horizontal translation.
13. The graph of ! = ( + 7) is reflected in the -axis. The resulting graph could also be achieved by
horizontally translating the graph of = !( ). Describe the directing and magnitude of the translation,
and verify by applying the transformation to the equation of !( ).
1
11. (a) ( , ) → ( + 1 , − + 2) (b) i $ = −! 4 −1 +2
4
(c) (−∞, 0] (d) Vert. stretch about -axis, factor of 2 ii $ =− − 4 −1 +2 +2
simplify…. + * = 2(* − 7)
Page |60
14. A function = !( ) has a domain of (−∞, 12] and a range of [−2, ∞). The graph is transformed by:
- Stretching the graph horizontally about the line = 0 by a factor of 2
- Stretching the graph vertically about the line = 0 by a factor of 5
- Horizontally translating the graph 3 units right and vertically translating the graph 4 units up
transformation.
(b) The graph of = !( ) passes through a point

/(−4, 1). Determine the coordinates of the
corresponding point to / on the transformed graph.
(c) Determine an equation for the

transformed function, in terms of !( ).
(d) Determine the domain and range of the

transformed function.
15. For each pair of graphs below, the graph of = $( ) represents a transformation of of = !( ) through
any of stretches, reflections, and translations. Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of !( ).
(a) (b)
( = +(*)
( = )(*) ( = )(*)
( = +(*)
Equation of $( ): Equation of $( ):
-intercepts of $( ):

1
12. (a) ( , ) → ( + 2 , − 3) (b) i $ =! 8 −2 −3 (c) Vertical stretch about -axis, factor of 512,
8 plus a horizontal translation 16 units right
#
ii $ = 8 − 2 + 16 −3
; #
simplify…. + * = =* −; further…. $ = 512 −3
= (− + 7) , and then simplify:
13. (a) Horizontal translation 7 units right. To verify, apply horizontal reflection:
= [−1( − 7)]  = −1 ( − 7)  = ( − 7)  checks out!
(a) (b)
( = )(*)
( = )(*)
( = +(*)
( = +(*)
i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule:
ii Equation of $( ): ii Equation of $( ):
17. The graph of = !( ) is transformed into the graph of = $( ), as shown below:
 Exam
Style
An equation for $( ) in terms of !( ) is:
A. $ = !(−2 + 1)
B. $ = !(2 − 6) ( = )(*)
( = +(*)
1
C. $ = !( − 3)
2
1
D. $ = !(− + 1)
2
 Exam
Style
1
A. $ = !( ) − 4
4
1 1 ( = )(*)
B. $ = !( )
2 4
( = +(*)
C. $ =! 4 −4
1
D. $ = !(4 )
2

14. (a) ( , ) → (−2 + 3 , 5 + 4) (b) (11, 9) 1 1
15. (a) i ( , ) → ( + 4 ,2 ) (b) i ( , ) → (− , − 5)
1 3 2
(c) $ = 5! − −3 +4
2 ii $ = 2! 3 −4 ii $ = !(−2 ) − 5
(d) D: [−21, ∞) R: [−6, ∞) iii (7⁄3 , 0), (5,0)
Page |62
19. The point /(3, 8) is on the graph of = !( ).

1
The point corresponding to / on the graph of + 2 = 2!( − 4) is:
3
A. (21, 14)
 Exam
Style
B. (21, 12)
C. (13, 14)
D. (13, 12)
20. The mapping rule that describes the transformation from the graph of Code Possible values
= !( ) is ( , ) → (4 + 8, 2 ). of T, U, and V.
An equation for the transformed function is = Q! R − S , where 1 1 ⁄4
possible values for Q, R, and S are listed on the right. 2 2
Exam
 Style 3 1/2
4 4
NR The codes for the values of Q, R, and S are,
respectively, ____ , ____, and ____. 5 8
Codes can be used more than once

6 16

Determine the domain and range of:
+ 11 = !(−3 − 3)
( = )(*)
i Domain:
ii Range:
22. A function = !( ) has a domain of (−∞, 12] and a range [−4, 8]. Code Possible values
A function $ = Q!(R ) has a domain of (−∞, 15] and a range [−16,8]. of T and U.
The codes for the values of Q and R in the equation 1 1/2

 Exam
Style
NR
$ = Q!(R ) are, respectively, ____ ,and ____. 2 2
Use the codes on the right. Codes 3 −1/2
can be used more than once.
4 −2
5 5/4
6 4/5

3 4
16. (a) i ( , ) → ( + 7 , −3 ) ii $ = −3!( − 7) (b) i ( , ) → ( , 3 − 4) ii $ = 3!( )−4
4 3
17. B 18. D
23. A function of = !( ) has a range of (−∞, 6]. The range of + 2 = −2!( ) is:
A. [−14, ∞)
 Exam
Style
B. [−10, ∞)
C. (−∞, −14]
D. (−∞, −10]
24. The graph of the function = !( ) is shown below. The mapping rule that describes the transformation
from = !( ) to = $( ) is (2 − 6, −y + 3)
Determine the domain and range of = !( ).
i Domain:
ii Range:
25. The graph of = !( ) is shown on the

right. The vertex is at point /.
1 ( = )(*)
For the graph of = −!( − 2) + 3 ,
2
determine the:
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii Coordinates of point

corresponding to /
on graph of $( ):
26. A function of = !( ) is transformed to $ = 5! R + 3 − ,. The point (−6, 8) on the graph of

!( ) corresponds to the point (−13, 33) on the graph of = $( ). Determine the values of R and ,.
i R=
ii , =

19. A 20. 215 21. i [−2, ∞) ii [−12, ∞) 22. 46
23. A 24. i (−∞, 2] ii (−∞, 3] 25. i [−14 , 10] ii [−5, 4] iii (−2,4) 26. i 3/5 ii 7
Page |64
1.5 Inverse of a Relations
1. The graph of =! is shown on the right.
(a) Sketch the graph of = !( ) on the same grid
(b) State the coordinates of any invariant point(s)
(c) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = !( )
= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
(d) State whether the inverse is a function
(a) Sketch the graph of = !( ) on the same grid

= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
(a) Sketch the graph of = ! XA on the same grid
(c) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = ! XA
= !( ) D: = ! XA ( ) D:
R: R:
1.5 Inverse of a Relation
1
4. The graph of ! =− 2 is shown on the right.
3
(a) Sketch the graph of the reflection of !( ) in the line
= by transforming the three indicated () points.
(b) State the coordinates of any invariant point(s).
(c) Determine an equation for the reflected graph, in terms of .
5. The graph of ! = −2 + 6 is shown on the right.

(a) Sketch the graph of the inverse of !( ) by
transforming all points with integer coordinates.
(b) State the coordinates of any invariant point(s).
(c) Determine an equation for the reflected graph, in terms of .

1. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) (0, 7)
(−3, −7) → (−@ , −;) Plot all points to sketch = !( ) 
(−6, −4) → (−2, −3) … and so on
(b) Invariant point is on the line = , so (;, ;) (6, −1)
(c) = !( ), D: [−@, @] R: [−;, 3] Domain and Range (d) NO
(−3, −7) (6, −4)
= !( ), D: [−;, 3] R: [−@, @] interchange * = )(()
2. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) 3. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , )
(−5, −1) → (−7, −0) … and so on, (−6, 1) → (7, −3) … and so on,
(1, −7) → (−@, 7) graph isn’t shown (2, 2) → (1, 1) graph isn’t shown
Invariant points at (−;, −;) and (0, 0) Invariant point at (1, 1)

(c) = !( ), D: [−0, 0] R: [−@, 0] (d) NO (c) = !( ), D: [−3, @] R: [7, 3] (d) YES!
= !( ), D: [−@, 0] R: [−0, 0] = !( ), D: [7, 3] R: [−3, @]
Page |74
6. The graph of ! = + 4 is shown on the right.

(a) Sketch the graph of the reflection of !( ) in the line =
by transforming all points with integer coordinates.
(b) State location and number of any invariant point(s).
(c) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = ! XA .

= !( ) D: = ! XA ( ) D:
R: R:
(d) Determine an equation for the reflected graph, in terms of .
7. The graph of ! = 2( + 8) − 2 is shown on the right.

transforming the three indicated () points.
(b) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = ! XA .
= !( ) D: XA
=! ( ) D:
R: R:
(c) State whether the inverse is a function.
(d) Determine an equation for the inverse, in terms of .
Step-by-step solutions, additional practice materials can be found at math30-1edge.com

4. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to sketch ( = )X7 (*)
(−3, −7) → (−@ , −;) … (−6, −4) → (−2, −3) … and so on = ! XA ( ) 
(−2, 0)
(b) Invariant point is on the line = , so (−;, − ;)
1 1 X7 (−3, −3)
(c) = −2  +2=  3 +6=  ) * = ;* + 3
3 3
5. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to

(0, 6) → (3, ?) … (3, 0) → (?, ;) … and so on sketch inverse 
( = )X7 (*) (2, 2)
(b) Invariant point is on the line = , so (1, 1)
7
(c) = −2 + 6  − 6 = −2  − 6 Y −2 =  )X7 * = − * + ;
1
8. The graph of ! = + 1 is shown on the right.

(c) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = !( ).

= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
(d) State whether the inverse is a function, and provide reasoning.
(e) Determine an equation for the inverse, in terms of .
9. The graph of ! = ( + 1) −9 is shown on the right.

(d) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = !( ).
= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:

6. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to ( = )X7 (*)
(−4, 0) → (?, −2) … (0, 2) → (1, ?) … and so on sketch inverse 
(b) Invariant point is on the line = , there is one.
(c) = !( ), D: [−2, ∞) R: [?, ∞) = ! XA ( ), D: [?, ∞) R: [−2, ∞)
(d) = +4  = +4  )X7 * = *1 − 2 ; ≥0
(0, −4)
7. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to sketch ( = )X7 (*)
(−8, −2) → (−1 , −=) (−6, 0) → (?, −3) … and so on = ! XA ( ) 
(b) = !( ), D: [−1, ∞) R: [−=, ∞) = ! XA ( ), D: [−=, ∞) R: [−1, ∞) (c) YES!

7
(d) = 2 + 16 − 2  ( + 2) = 2 + 16  )X7 * = (* + 1)1 −= ; ≥ −2
1 (−2, −8)
Page |76
10. The graph of ! A

= − ( − 3) + 12 is shown on the right.
#
(a) Sketch the graph of the reflection of !( ) in the line
= by transforming the five indicated () points.
(d) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = !( ).
= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
11. The graph of ! =− + 4 is shown on the right.

Provide two possible restrictions on the domain of
= !( ) so that = !( ) is a function.

8. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to
(0, 1) → (7, ?) … (1, 2) → (1, 7) … (−1, 2) → (1, −7) and so on… sketch inverse 
(b) On the line = … no invariant points here (d) NO by Horiz. Line Test
(c) = !( ), D: (−∞, ∞) R: [7, ∞) = !( ), D: 7, ∞ R: (−∞, ∞) (1, 0)
(e) = +1  −1=  −1=  Inverse: ( = ± * − 7 * = )(()
9. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to sketch

(−1, −9) → (−: , −7) … (2, 0) → (?, 1) … and so on = ! XA ( ) 
(−9, −1)
(b) On the = , two invariant points (c) NO
(d) = !( ), D: {* ∈ ℝ} R: {(|( ≥ −:, ( ∈ ℝ} = !( ), D: {*|* ≥ −:, * ∈ ℝ} R: {( ∈ ℝ}
= ( + 1) −9  Inverse: ( = ± * + : − 7 * = )(()
(e) + 9 = ( + 1) 
12. The graph of ! = ( − 4) − 2 is shown on the left.

(a) Determine an equation for the inverse.
(b) Provide two possible restrictions on the

domain of = !( ) so that \ = !( ) is
a function.
13. Given each function below, provide a restriction on the domain so that the inverse is a function.
For (b) only, provide three different domain restrictions that would work.
(a) (b)
( = )(*)
( = +(*)
10. (a) To sketch, transform all points ( , ) → ( , ) Plot all points to sketch
* = )(()
(3 , 12) → (71 , ;) … (0, 9) → (: , ?)… and so on inverse 
(b) On the = , two invariant points ( ) (c) NO (12, 3)
(d) = !( ), D: {* ∈ ℝ} R: {(|( ≤ 71, ( ∈ ℝ} = !( ), D: {*|* ≤ 71, * ∈ ℝ} R: {( ∈ ℝ}

1
(e) =− −3 + 12  −3( − 12) = ( − 3)  Inverse: ( = ± −;(* − 71) + ;
3
11. There are two “largest domain” options, either {* ≥ ? , * ∈ ℝ} or * ≤ ? , * ∈ ℝ < need to create a “half-parabola”
However there are many other options, including { ≥ 1 , ∈ ℝ} or { ≤ −3 , ∈ ℝ} and so on! (infinite options)
Page |78

When the graph of = !( ) is reflected in the line = , the
number of invariant points is:
A. one
 Exam
Style
B. two
C. three
D. four
15. A function ! = 5 − 6 is reflected in the line = .

Q S
The resulting equation can be written in the form ! XA = +
R ]
NR The values of Q, R, S, and ] are, respectively, ____ ,
 Exam
Style
____, _____, and ____.
Codes can be used more than once
16. The graph of ! =2 + 4 − 2 shown on the right.

Graphically determine the approximate coordinates (nearest
hundredth) of the invariant points.
Sketch = ! XA ( ), and plot / label the coordinates of the
invariant point on same graph.
17. A function = !( ) has a domain (−∞, −1] and a range [2, ∞).
 Exam
Style A function = $( ) is obtained by transforming the graph of !( ) so that $ = 4! − + 1.
The domain of = $XA ( ) is:
A. [9, ∞)
B. [1 , ∞)
C. (−∞, 1]
D. (−∞, 9]
12. (a) Inverse: = ± + 2 + 4
(b) There are two “largest domain” options, either {* ≤RTD
2 , *Learning
∈ ℝ} or PowerMath
* ≥ 2 , * ∈ ℝ < create that “half-parabola”!
13. (a) Largest domain is {*|* ≤ −; , * ∈ ℝ}
(b) Largest domain is {*|* ≤ −; , * ∈ ℝ} another option: {^|* ≥ ; , * ∈ ℝ} and another: {−; ≤ * ≤ ; , * ∈ ℝ}
18. A restriction on the domain of a function ! = Q( − ℎ) +,, so that = !( ) is always a function is:
A. { | ≤ Q , ∈ ℝ}
 Exam
Style
B. { | ≤ ℎ , ∈ ℝ}
C. { | ≥ ] , ∈ ℝ}
D. { | ≥ 0 , ∈ ℝ}
19. An equation representing the inverse of the function ! = Q( − ℎ) +, is:
A. = ± 1/Q( − ,) + ℎ
 Exam
Style
B. = ± Q − ,) + ℎ
C. = ± 1/Q( − ℎ) + ,
D. =± Q −ℎ+,
20. The graphs of four relations are given below:
1 2 3 4
Assuming no additional restrictions are given, which of the two above graphs will have an inverse that
 Exam
Style is a function?
A. Graph 1 and Graph 4

B. Graph 2 and Graph 3
C. Graph 1 and Graph 2
D. Graph 3 and Graph 4

14. C 15. 1565
1
16. Graph A =2 + 4 − 2 and = +2 −4 (;. 23 , ;. 23)
4
(Restrict domain, ≥ −2)
17. A
18. B 19. A 20. C
Page |80
Chapter 1 Transformations REVIEW
1. The graph of = !( ) is shown below. State a mapping rule to sketch the graph of each transformed
function and state the domain and range.
(a) ( = ) * − ; − 2 (b) ( = ) −*
(=) *
i i
Mapping Rule Mapping Rule
ii D: ii D:
(=) *
iii R: iii R:
7
(c) ( = − )(*) (d) ( − 1 = ;) *
1
i i
Mapping Rule (=) * Mapping Rule
ii D: ii D:
(=) *
iii R: iii R:
7
(e) ( = )[ * − 7 ] (f) ( = −) ;* − 3 + 2
1
(=) *
i i
Mapping Rule Mapping Rule
ii D: (=) * ii D:
iii R: iii R:
2. Given the function ! = − 3 + 1, determine a simplified equation, both in (i) terms of !( ) and
(ii) in term of , for each transformed function of !( ) described below:
(a) The graph is horizontally translated 1 unit (b) The graph of !( ) is reflected in the line = 0,
right, and vertically translated 3 units down. and vertically translated 3 units down.
1 – Transformations Review
3. Given the function ! = − − 2 + 3 shown below, (i) construct a mapping rule to sketch the graph of
each transformed function described below, and determine a simplified equation, both in (ii) terms of !( )
and (iii) in term of . Be sure to transform all points with integer coordinates.
(a) The graph is vertically stretched about the -axis
by a factor of 2 and reflected in the line = 0. 
(b) The graph of !( ) is horizontally stretched by a

factor of 2. 
(c) The graph is reflected in the line = 0, horizontally translated 4

units right, and vertically translated 3 units down. 
1. (a) i (*, () → (* + ; , ( − 2) (b) i (*, () → (−*, () (c) i (*, () → (*, − 7 () (d) i (*, () → (* , ;( + 1)
1
ii [−3 , :] iii [−:, 2] ii [−3 , :] iii [−0, =] ii [−: , 3] iii [−2, ;] ii [−: , 3] iii [−@, =]
7
(e) i (*, () → (1* + 7, () (f) i (*, () → ( * + 1, −( + 2) 2. (a) i ( = ) * − 7 − ;
;
ii [−: , :] iii [−3, =] ii [−7 , 2] iii [−2, :] ii = ( − 7) −3 − 7 + 1 − ;
simplifies to…. ( = *1 − 0* + 1
(b) i ( = −) * − ;
ii = −( − 3 + 1) − ;
= 1
( , −2) simplifies to…. ( = −* + ;* − 2
0 ;
( , −7)
;
Page |82
4. The graph of ! = −2( − 8) − 2 is shown below. The graph is stretched about the -axis by a factor
of 2 and reflected in the -axis. (i) Sketch the graph of the transformed function, and determine a
simplified equation, both in (i) terms of !( ) and (ii) in term of .
(a) Sketch the graph of the transformed function.
(b) Determine an equation in terms of !( )
(c) … and in terms of . (Simplified)
5. The graph of ! = + 9 − 2 is stretched about the -axis

by a factor of 3, reflected in the -axis, horizontally translated 5
units left and vertically translated 6 units up.
(a) Construct a mapping rule to sketch the graph of the
transformed function
(a) Determine a simplified equation, both in (i) terms of !( )

and (ii) in term of .

3. (a) i (*, () → (* , −1() 7
( = −1)(*) (b) i (*, () → (1* , () ii ( = )( *) 7 (−2, 4)
1 ( = )( *)
ii ( = −1)(*) 1 1 1
iii =− − 2( ) + 3 simplifies….
2 2
iii ( = 1*1 + 2* − 3 7 1
(=− * −*+; Invariant point
Invariant points on -axis 2 on -axis
(−1, −8)
(c) i (*, () → (* + 2 , −( − ;) ( = −) * − 2 − ;
ii ( = −) * − 2 − ;
iii = −[− − 4) − 2 −4 +3 −3
simplifies….
( = *1 − 3* + 1 (3, −7)
6. The function = $( ), shown on the right, is transformed Vertical

to , + 7 = 4 $[− − 2 ]. Asymptote = $( )
(a) State the domain of ,( ) * = −2
/(0, 2)
(b) State the coordinates of the

point / once transformed to ,( ).
7. Below is the graph of 8 * = (* + 3)(* + ;)(* − ;). The -intercepts have integer coordinates.
A new function = $( ) is obtained by stretching the graph of "( ) about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/3
and vertically stretching the graph by a factor of 1/6.
( = 8(*)
(a) Determine an equation for = $( ) ;
i In terms of )(*): ii In terms of *:
(0, −54)
(b) Determine the coordinates of the (i) and
(ii) -intercepts on the graph of = $( ).
8. A function = !( ) has a range of (−∞ , 5]. When the function is transformed to

 Exam
Style + 4 = −2!( ), the resulting function has a range of:
A. (−∞, −14]
B. [−14, ∞)
C. (−∞, −6]
D. [−6, ∞)

4. (a) (*, () → (−1* , () 7 5. (a) (*, () → (−* − 0 , ;( + 3) ( = ; −(* − 2)
( = )(− *)
1
7 (−12, 0) (b) ( = ;) − * + 0 + 3
(b) ( = )(− *)
1
(−16, −2) = 3( − + 5 + 9 − 2) + 6
(4, 0)
1
(c) = −2(− − 8) − 2 ( = * − 73 − 1 Simplifies to… ( = ; −(* − 2)
2
Page |84
9. A function = !( ) has a domain of [−9, 15] and a range [−8, 20]. For each of the transformations of !( )
described below, (i) provide a mapping rule and determine the new (ii) domain and (iii) range.
3 3 3
(a) = 2!(− ) − 10 (b) = !( − )−5
4 2 2
10. The graph of = !( ) is shown on the

right. The vertex is at point /.
1 ( = )(*)
For the graph of + 2 = ! 3 − 12 ,
2
determine the:
i Domain:
ii Range: 5
iii Coordinates of point corresponding

to / on graph of $( ):

 Exam
Style
A. $ = !(4 − 1)
1
B. $ = ![ −1 ] ( = )(*)
4 ( = +(*)
C. $ = ![4 −1 ]
1
D. $ = !( − 1)
4
12. A function = !( ) has a domain of (−∞ , 6]. When the function is transformed
 Exam
Style to = −!(2 + 4), the resulting function has a domain of:
A. (−∞, −1]
B. (−∞ , 1]
C. (−∞, 10]
D. (−∞, 16]

7
6. (a) (−∞ , 3) (b) (1, 7) 7. (a) i + * = 8(;*) (b) i (−1, ?), (−7, ?), and (7, ?) ii (?, −:)
3
1
8. B ii $( ) = (3 + 6)(3 + 3)(3 − 3)
6
:
Simplifies to… +(*) = (* + 1)(* + 7)(* − 7)
1
13. The graph of ! =2 + 4 − 2 is shown on the right.

A transformed function is given by = ![−0.5 +1 ]
(a) Construct a mapping rule for the transformation.

sketch the graph of the transformed function on
the same grid.
(c) State the -intercepts and domain for the graph

of = $( ).
i -intercepts: ii Domain:
(d) Write an equation for the transformed function,

in terms of .
14. The graph of ! = ( − 1) −16 is shown on the right.

1
A function = $( ) is given by $ =− ! −4
2
from = !( ) to = $( ).

(c) State the and -intercepts, and range for the

graph of = $( ).
i -intercepts: iii Range:
ii -intercept:
(d) Write an equation for = $( ), in terms of .

9. (a) i (*, () → (−* , 1( − 7?) 1 ;
(b) i (*, () → ( * + 7 , ( − 0) 10. (a) i [7, 0] ii [−1. 0 , 1]
; 2
ii [−70, :] iii [−13 , ;?] ii [−0, 77] iii [−77 , 7?] iii (;, −1. 0)
11. B 12. B
Page |86
(a) (b)
( = +(*)
( = )(*)
( = )(*)
( = +(*)
(c) (d)
( = +(*)
( = )(*) ( = )(*)
( = +(*)
(e) (f)
( = +(*) ( = +(*)
( = )(*) ( = )(*)

13. (a) (*, () → (−1* − 7, () (c) i (0, ?) ii (−∞, @] 7 (c) i (7, ?) and (:, ?)
14. (a) (*, () → (* + 2 , − ()
1 ii (?, −2. 0)
(b) ( = +(*) (d) (b) (5, 8)
iii (−∞, =]
(2.5, 1) = 2 −0.5 +1 +4−2
1
simplifies to… (0, −4.5) (d) =− ( − 4 − 1 − 16)
2
(7, −2) +(*) = 1 −?. 0(* − @) − 1 simplifies to…
7
+(*) + * =− *−0 1 +=
1
16. The graph of = !( ) is transformed into the

graph of = $( ), as shown:
(a) Use proper terminology to explain how the graph of
= $( ) can be obtained by applying the following ( = )(*)
transformations to the graph of = !( ).
ii A stretch and a reflection
( = +(*)
ii A stretch and a translation
(b) Provide a mapping rule for each sequence of

i ii
transformations described above.
(c) Based on the sequence of transformations

described above, provide two possible i ii
equations for $( ), in terms of !( ).
17. The graph of = is transformed into the graph of = 4 + 8.

(a) Provide a mapping rule and explain how the
transformation above can be describes as a horizontal
stretch about the -axis and horizontal translation.
Justify your answer by manipulating the equation.
(b) Provide a mapping rule and explain how the transformation above
can be describes as a vertical stretch about the -axis and horizontal
translation. Justify your answer by manipulating the equation.

(a) Sketch the graph of =! on the same grid

= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
(d) Provide two possible domains of !( ) so that the

inverse is a function.

7
15. (a) i (*, () → (−* , ;() (b) i (*, () → (* , 1( + 1) (c) i (*, () → ( * + @ , ()
;
ii +(*) = ;)(−*) ii + * = 1) * + 1 ii +(*) = )[; * − @ ]
(d) i (*, () → (?. @0* , 7. 0() (e) i (*, () → (* + ; , −( + 2) (f) i (*, () → (?. @0* − ;, 1()
; 2 2
ii +(*) = )( *) ii + * = −) * − ; + 2 ii + * = ;)[ *+; ]
1 ; ;
Page |88
19. (a) A point /(−3, 4) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the coordinates of the point
that corresponds to / on the graph of = −! 3 + 9 − 4.
(b) A point /(−3, 4) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the coordinates of the point that
corresponds to / after the graph of !( ) is horizontally stretched by a factor of 1/2, vertically
stretched by a factor of 4, reflected in the line = 0, and horizontally translated 3 units left.
20. The graph of = !( ), as shown, is transformed to become the

3
graph of $ + 3 = − ! + 3 . The range of = $( ) is:
 Exam
Style
2
!( )
A. [−7, −1/3]
B. [−12, 3]
C. [−3, 12]
D. [−9,6]
21. The point /(−8, 2) lies on the graph of a function = !( ). Listed below are all possible
 Exam
Style
coordinates of the new point corresponding to / after !( ) undergoes a transformation.
Point 1 (−6, 2) Point 2 (−18, 2) Point 3 (6, 2) Point 3 (−10, −2)
Point 4 (−8, −1) Point 5 (2, −8) Point 6 (−8, 2) Point 6 (−2, 2)
NR The correspoing point when the graph of = !( ) is

Reflected in the line = 0 and horizontally translated 2 units left is _____. First digit of your answer
Vertically stretched about the line = 0 by a factor of 2 and vertically translated
2 units down is _____. Second digit of your answer
Reflected in the line = is _____. Third digit of your answer
Horizontally stretched about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/2 and
horizontally translated 2 units left is _____. Second digit of your answer
16. (a) i A horizontal stretch about the -axis by a factor of 1/2, and a horizontal reflection about the -axis.
i A horizontal stretch about the -axis by a factor of 1/2, and a horizontal translation 4 units right.
1 1
(b) i ( , ) → (− , ) ii ( , ) → ( + 4, ) (c) i = !(−2 ) ii = ![2 − 4 ]
2 2
1
17. (a) First re-write as = 4( + 2) ( , ) → ( − 2, )
4
A horizontal stretch about the -axis by a factor of 1/4, and a horizontal translation 2 units left.
(b) First re-write as = 4 +2  =2 + 2. ( , ) → ( − 2, 2 )

A vertical stretch about the -axis by a factor of 2, and a horizontal translation 2 units left.
18. (a) (*, () → ((, *) so, (−6, −7) → (−7, −6) … and so on
(b) (−0, −0) and (;, ;) on the line =
(c) )(*) D: [−3, 2] R: [−@, 0] * = )(() D: [−@, 0] R: [−3, 2]
(d) D: [−3, 1] or [1, 2] * = )(()
22. The graph of ! = 0.5( − 4) −2 is shown on the right.

(c) State the domain and range of both = !( ) and = !( ).

= !( ) D: = !( ) D:
R: R:
(d) State two possible domain restrictions so that the inverse is a

function.
23. A function of = is transformed to + 1 = −3 + 9.

 Exam
Style
Below is a list of possible transformation descriptions.
0 Stretch about the line = 0 by a factor of 3 5 Reflection in the line =0
1 Stretch about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/3 6 Horizontal translation 9 units left
2 Stretch about the line = 0 by a factor of 3 7 Horizontal translation 9 units right
3 Stretch about the line = 0 by a factor of 1/3 8 Horizontal translation 3 units left
4 Reflection in the line =0 9 Horizontal translation 3 units right
NR A sequence of transformations that describes the changes to the graph of = is

numbered , ____ , ____, _____, and ____.
24. The graph of = !( ) is shown below. The graph of = $( ) is obtained by

reflecting the graph of !( ) in the line = . 5
 Exam
Style The number of invariant points in this transformation is:
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
−5
19. (a) (−4, −8) (b) (−4.5, −16) 20. D 21. ;307
22. (a) (*, () → ((, *) so, (4, −2) → (−2, 4) … and so on

(b) Two invariant points on the line =
RTD Learning
(c) )(*) D: {* ∈ ℝ} R: {(|( ≥ −1, ( ∈ ℝ} (−1, 2) PowerMath
* = )(() D: {*|* ≥ −1, * ∈ ℝ} R: {* ∈ ℝ}
(d) D: {*|* ≤ 2, * ∈ ℝ} or {*|* ≥ 2, * ∈ ℝ} (e) Inverse: ( = ± 1(* + 1) + 2 * = )(()
23. 72: 24. C
Page |90
2.1 Characteristics of Polynomial Functions
1. Indicate which of the following functions are polynomial functions:

# _.C
(a) =3 C −3 # +2 + 11 + 6 (b) =3 −5 +2 (c) =5
B XA
(d) =4 −2 +5 −1 (e) =3 # − 5 (f) = + 5& + 2
2. Indicate which of the following graphs are likely those of polynomial functions:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) (f) (g) (h)
3. For each of the following polynomial functions, state each of the indicated characteristics. Try as many as you
can without graphing.
# B
(a) !( ) = +8 + 11 − 20 (b) =5−
B #
(c) = −2 −6 + 14 + 30 − 36 (d) = −2 + 3 ( − 2) ( − 1)
i - Lead (a) i - (b) i - (c) i - (d) i -

Coefficient
ii - Degree ii - ii - ii - ii -
iii - Start / end iii - iii - iii - iii -

behavior
iv - Possible # of iv - iv - iv - iv -
-intercepts
v - Whether v- v- v- v-
graph has a
max or min
vi - -intercept vi - vi - vi - vi -
Chapter 2 – Polynomial Functions
4. For each of the following graphs, determine the indicated characteristics of the related function.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
i - Is the degree even

(a) i - (b) i - (c) i - (d) i -
or odd?
ii - Is the leading coefficient ii - ii - ii - ii -
pos (+) or neg (-)
iii - # of -intercepts iii - iii - iii - iii -
iv - Range iv - iv - iv - iv -
v - Constant term in
function equation v- v- v- v-
5. For each of the following functions, use technology to determine each of the indicated characteristics.
Note that using technology (graphing on your calc) is not required for each characteristic each time! For example, see if
you can spot the -intercepts of (c) without graphing. (And degree and -ints can always be found without graphing)
Also note: To get best results graphing on your calculator – you must practice setting your window! For most of these
you can use an *-min of −3 and an *-max of 3. However, for the ( min and max …. use trial and error!
(You’ll want to see any relative max / min points, so ensure your window is “large enough”)
# B #
(a) !( ) = +8 + 11 − 20 (b) = −3 − 12 + 52 − 48
(c) =− + 3 ( − 1)( − 3) (d) = −2 + 2 + 24
i - The degree (a) i - (b) i - (c) i - (d) i -
ii - The coordinates of
any -intercepts ii - ii - ii - ii -
iii - The coordinates iii - iii - iii - iii -

of -intercept
iv - The Range iv - iv - iv - iv -
Note: Where applicable, round
to the nearest hundredth.
1. Polynomial functions are: (a), (c), (e) 2. Polynomial functions are: (a), (c), (d), and (f)
RTD Learning PowerMath
3. (a) i 7 ii 3 iii Starts neg in quad III, ends pos in quad I iv 1 to 3 v No max or min vi (?, −1?)
(b) i −7 ii 4 iii Starts neg in quad III, ends neg in quad IV iv 0 to 4* see v Graph has a max vi (?, 0)
note 1
(c) i −1 ii 4 iii Starts neg in quad III, ends neg in quad IV iv 0 to 4 v Graph has a max vi (?, −;3)
see note 2
(d) i −1 ii 5* iii Starts pos in quad II, ends neg in quad IV iv 3* see note 3 v No max or min vi (?, @1)
Note 1: We can visualize this, as the graph of = B is similar to = , so visualize a “parabola” opening down and shifted
5 units up. So we know, without graphing, that there will be TWO -intercepts! = −2 + 3 1 ( − 2)1 ( − 1)
Note 2: For functions in factored form, the degree of the entire function is the sum of all exponents, so: 2 + 2 + 1 = 0
Note 3: Each factor corresponds to one -intercept, so we know with certainty there are 3. There’s an invisible “1” here!
6. Without graphing (use your reasoning abilities!), match each of the following functions with its graph.
(a) = − C + 12 # + 2 − 27 − 18  
(b) B #
=− + + 11 − 9 − 18
(c) C B #
= −2 − 10 + 20 + 9 − 18
(d) =− B
+ #
+7 − 13 + 6  
7. A package may be sent through a particular mail service only if it conforms to specific dimensions.
To qualify, the sum of its height plus the perimeter of its base must be no more than 72 inches. Also for our
design, the base of the box (shaded in the diagram below) has a length equal to double the width.
(a) In the blank on the left, state an

expression for the height (6) of the box.
6= Need a hint? See the bottom of the next page.
(b) Determine a function that represents the

base
Volume of the box.
(c) Use technology to graph the function obtained (d) Provide a domain and range for your function
in (b) with a suitable viewing window. obtained in (b), with respect to the “real
Provide your sketch below, labeling any world” constraints of the problem.
max/mins and intercepts. Also fully label the
Domain: Range:
axis, what each axis represents, and a suitable scale.
(e) State the maximum volume of the box that can

be sent.
(f) State the dimensions for the box that provides

the maximum volume.

4. (a) i ODD ii NEGATIVE iii 4 -intercepts iv {( ∈ ℝ} v Constant term: −@1 (represented by -intercept)
(b) i EVEN ii POSITIVE iii 3 -intercepts iv {(|( ≥ −73. ;?, ( ∈ ℝ} v Constant term: −3
(c) i ODD ii POSITIVE iii 2 -intercepts iv {( ∈ ℝ} v Constant term: −73
(d) i EVEN ii NEGATIVE iii 3 -intercepts iv {(|( ≤ 12. 23, ( ∈ ℝ} v Constant term: :
5. (a) i ; ii −0, ? , (−2, ?) and (7, ?) iii (?, −1?) iv {( ∈ ℝ}

(b) i 2 ii −2, ? , (1, ?) and (;, ?) iii (?, −2=) iv {(|( ≥ −73@. ;?, ( ∈ ℝ}
(c) i 2 ii −;, ? , (7, ?) and (;, ?) iii (?, −1@) iv {(|( ≤ 10. :3, ( ∈ ℝ}
Note: Each factor provides an -intercept
(d) i 1 ii −;, ? and (;, ?) iii (?, 12) iv {(|( ≤ 12. 0, ( ∈ ℝ}
Page |102
8. An open box is to be made by cutting out squares from the corners of an 8 inch by 15 inch rectangular sheet
of cardboard and folding up the sides. Diagram 1 Diagram 2
(a) On diagram 1 on the right, provide
expressions that represent the
length and width of the finished box.
(b) Determine a function that models

the volume of the box.
(c) Use technology to graph the function, and sketch below. Label each axis, provide a scale, and
indicate any intercepts or max / min points. Use your graphing calculator, provide a sketch below.
(d) State the domain and range of the function, with

respect to the “real-world” constraints.
(e) State the value of “ ” that gives the maximum

volume. (Round to the nearest hundredth)
(f) State the maximum volume of the box, (Round to

the nearest de# )
(g) Provide the dimensions that yield the box of

maximum volume, (Round to the nearest hundredth)
HINT for #7(a): The perimeter of the base is: 2 + 2 + + = 3*. As we wish for the largest volume box, we’ll use all
72 inches (sum of perimeter and height) available. So ℎ + 6 = 72, and 6 = @1 − 3*.
6. (a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  (c) (=, ;?@1)
(d) Domain is [?, 71]
7. (a) 6 = @1 − 3* Range is [?, ;?@1]
Volume
(b) ` = (1*)(*)(@1 − 3*) Max when * = = inches

Graph (7 = in your calculator. (f) Max Volume: = ;?@1 ab;
Trial-and-error to get best window. (g) 73 length c = width c 12 height inches
(?, ?) (71, ?)
Sketch should only show graph within
domain. (between 0 and 12)
width of box
9. The graph of = "( ) is shown on the right. The minimum possible

degree and sign of the leading coefficient are, respectively, = "( )
A. 4, negative
 Exam
Style
B. 4, positive
C. 5, negative
D. 5, positive
10. During a regular respiratory cycle, the volume of air (in litres) in the human lungs of an average
 Exam
Style 25-year-old can be modeled by the function f g = −0.035g # + 0.152g + 0.173g.
Where g is the time in seconds from the start of a breath.
NR According to this model, the average length of full breath of a 25-year-old, correct
to the nearest hundredth of a second, is _____ seconds.
11. The function " B

= −9 + 4 + 12 has the following transformations applied, to become = $( ):
- A vertical reflection in the -axis
- A vertical stretch about the -axis by a factor of 3/2
The range of = $( ) is:
A. { | ≥ −11, ∈ ℝ}
 Exam
Style
B. { | ≥ −25, ∈ ℝ}
C. { | ≤ 11, ∈ ℝ}
D. { | ≤ 25, ∈ ℝ}
12. Refer back to the function = $( ) described in question 11.

 Exam
Style
NR The -intercept of = $( ) is (0, −e), where e is equal to _____.

8. (a) (c) (7. 3@, :?. @2)
(d) Domain is [?, 2]
Range is [?, :?. @2]
Volume
(b) ` = (70 − 1*)(= − 1*)(*) (e) Max when * = 7. 3@ inches

(f) Max Volume: = :7 ab;
(?, ?) (2, ?) (g) 77. 3@ length c 2. 3@ width c 7. 3@
height inches
Height
9. B 10. 5.28 11. D 12 18

.
Page |104
2.2 Dividing Polynomials and the Remainder Theorem
/( ) i
1. Determine each quotient, h, using long division. Express in the form =h+ .
−Q E
(a) ( # +4 − 4 − 16) Y ( − 1) (b) (24B − 34 + 1) Y (4 + 2)
(c) (2 # #
−9 − 2 + 24) Y ( − 3) (d) (12 −5 + ) Y (4 − 3)
(e) (25 − 5) Y (5 + 1) (f) (8 # + 27) Y (2 + 3)
Page |112
Unit 2 – Polynomial Functions
2. Determine each quotient, h, using synthetic division. Express in the form 5 * = M c j + k.
(a) ( # −2 − 9 + 18) Y ( − 1) (b) (4C + 84# + 24 − 15) Y (4 + 2)
(c) (3 B +5 # + − 2) Y ( + 1) (d) (3 # − − 3) Y ( + 2)
(e) (2 # #
+ − 7 − 6) Y (2 − 1) (f) (8 − 27) Y (2 − 3)

15 21 9
1. (a) +5 +1− (b) 24# − 44 + 54 − 10 + (c) 2 − 3 − 11 −
−1 4+2 −3
3 4
(d) 3 + +1+ (e) 5 − 1 − (f) 4 − 6 + 9 no remainder
4 −3 5 +1
3. A stainless steel holding tank is built in the shape of a rectangular prism.

The height of the tank is * + 0 feet, as shown, and the volume of the
tank is ` = 1*; + 7;*1 + 7;* − 7?.
The area of the base can be found by dividing the volume by the height.
(a) Determine an expression for (b) By factoring the expression developed in
the area of the base. (a), determine the factored-form of the +5
expression representing the volume.
9
n
4. A rectangular prism has a volume which can be expressed:

m = :*; − ;*1 − 0* − 7. ℎ
Determine the possible measures for n and ℎ, in terms of , if the length
is 3 + 1 as shown.
9 =3 +1
n
2. (a) # −2 − 9 + 18 = (*1 − * − 7?)(* − 7) + = (b) / = l2 − 1l; + 71l1 − 12l + 0? l + 1 − 770

Quotient Divisor Remainder Quotient Divisor R
(c) 3 B # ; 1 (d) 3 # − 1
− 3 = ;* − 3* + 77 * + 1 − 10
+5 + − 2 = ;* + 1* − 1* + ; * + 7 − 0
(e) 2 # + − 7 − 6 = *1 + * − ; 1* − 7 − : (f) 8 # − 27 = 2*1 + 3* + : 1* − ;
Page |114
Unit 2 – Polynomial Functions
5. Use the remainder theorem to find the remainder for each division below:
(a) ( # B #
− 3 + 4) Y ( − 2) (b) ( −2 −7 + 8 + 12) Y ( + 3)
(c) (2 B + # − 13 − 21 − 9) Y ( + 2) (d) (8 # + 125) Y (2 + 5)
(e) (2 # #
− − 2 + 1) Y (2 + 1) (f) (9 −3 + 6 + 1) Y (3 − 1)
6. When / = # − + Q − 8 is divided by + 1, the remainder is −16. Use the remainder theorem to

determine the value of Q.

3. (a) base= 2 +3 −2 (b) f = (* + 0)(1* − 7)(* + 1) 4. f = ( − 1)(3 + 1) o = ;* + 7, 6 = * − 7
7. When / = 16 # + , − + 1 is divided by 4 − 1, the remainder is 0. Use the remainder theorem to

determine the value of ,.
8. When / = # + Q + R − 6 is divided by − 1, the remainder is −2. When /( ) is divided by +3

the remainder is −66. Determine the values of Q and R. Need a hint? See the bottom of the next page.
9. When 5 * = *2 + T*1 − 2* + U is divided by + 2, the remainder is 34. When /( ) is divided by −1

the remainder is −2. Determine the values of Q and R.
5. (a) 3 (b) 3? (c) 0 (d) ? (e) ;/1 (f) ;
6. Q = 6
Page |116
10. One of the factors of a function 5 * = *; + 0*1 − 1* − 12 is + 4. 5 *

(a) Use synthetic division to determine the
quotient when /( ) is divided by + 4.
(b) Factor the quadratic quotient obtained in

(a), to state the fully factored form of /( ).
(c) Each factor relates to an -intercept. Label

the coordinates of the three -intercepts on
the graph of /( ) on the right.
11. A polynomial function = ! , shown on the right, is degree 3,

has a leading coefficient of 1, and has integral zeros. ) *
(a) Given the corresponding points on the graph, state
(?, 12)
the remainder when = ! is divided by:
i ii ( + 4)
(−2, ?)
(1, ?) (;, ?)
(b) State the factored form equation of =! .

7. , = −16
8. HINT: The solution involves setting up  (1)# +Q(1) +R 1 − 6 = −2  (−3)# +Q(−3) +R −3 − 6 = −66
and solving a system of two equations. Q+R =3 9Q − 3R = −33
Solve by substitution:  Q = 3 − R  substitute “3 − R“ for “Q” in equation : 9(; − U) − 3R = −33
Solve  for “Q” 27 − 12R = −33
 Q = 3 − (0) U=0
Now substitute into  to find “Q”
9. Q = ;, R = −1 T = −1
12. NR When " = # +4 + − 6 is divided by − 2 the remainder is _____.

 Exam
Style
13. When the function " = B +2 # −7 − 8 + 12 is divided by + 2, the quotient is:

# −7 +6
 Exam
Style
A.
B. # +4 + −6
#
C. +3 − 4 − 12
#
D. − −4 +4
14. When the function " #

= +4 − 3 − 18 is divided by 2 − 1, the remainder is:
147
 Exam
Style
A. −
8
B. −16
125
C. −
8
D. −12

10. (a) Quotient: *1 + * − 3 (remainder 0) (b) 5 * = (* + 2)(* + ;)(* − 1)
(c) Label coords: −2, ? , (−;, ?), and (1, ?)
(b) 5 * = (* + 2)(* − 1)(* − ;)
11. (a) i The -coord at = 0 is 12 ii The -coord at = −4 is 0
Zero at = −4 …and = 2 …and = 3
 Remainder is 12  Remainder is ?
12. 20 13. A 14. A
Copyright © RTD Learning. Open Use Access provided to all Alberta teachers
Page |118
2.3 The Factor Theorem
1. State a possible factored form equation for each function described below, where each is a degree 3
polynomial function with all zeros listed.
(a) / −2 = 0, / 1 = 0, and / 5 = 0
(b) " −2 = 0, " −3/2 = 0, and " 1 = 0
(c) $ −4 = 0, $ 5/2 = 0, and $ 0 = 0
2. Use the factor theorem to determine whether − 1 is a factor of each of the following polynomial functions:
(a) = # +9 + 15 − 25
(b) = B + # −8 −8
#
(c) =3 −2 −5 +4
B #
(d) =3 −5 − 12 + 12 + 16
(e) = # −3 +3 −1
3. Use the factor theorem to determine whether + 3 is a factor of each of the following polynomial functions:
(a) /( ) = # − −6
(b) !( ) = # − 19 − 30
4. For each of the polynomial expressions below, use an algebraic process described on the previous pages to
fully factor.
# # −4 − 11 − 6
(a) +3 − 4 − 12 (b)
(c) 4# − 274 + 10 (d) 3e# + 2e − 7e + 2
1. (a) 5 * = (* + 1)(* − 7)(* − 0) (b) 8 * = (1* + ;)(* + 1)(* − 7) (c) + * = *(1* − 0)(* + 2)
2. (a) − 1 is a factor if ( # +9 + 15 − 25) Y ( − 1) gives no remainder.
Evaluate (1)# +9 1 + 15 1 − 25 …. which is 0. As such, we have shown that YES, − 1 is a factor!
Use a similar process for the (b), (c), (d), and (e), substitute “1” to see if you get no remainder (that is, ZERO).
(b) No (c) Yes (d) No (e) Yes
3. (a) Evaluate /(−3) to get −3 #
− −3 − 6(−3), which is −18 (NOT “0”), so − 3 is NOT a factor.
(b) Evaluate !(−3) to get −3 #
− 19 −3 − 30, which IS “0”, so − 3 IS a factor.
5. Use the factor theorem to determine whether 3 − 2 is a factor of each of the following polynomial
functions:
# (b) "( ) = 3 B +4 # −9 − 18 − 8
(a) !( ) = 3 +7 −4
6. Use an algebraic process described on the previous pages to solve each of the following equations. Verify
your roots graphically using technology.
# B #
(a) 4 − − 11 − 6 = 0 (b) − + + 9 − 10 = 0

4. (a) ( + 2)( − 2)( + 3) (b) " = ( + 1) ( − 6) (c) (4 − 5)(4 + 54 − 2)
(d) (3e − 1)(e + 2)(e − 1)
Page |126
7. (i) Fully factor each function below, using an algebraic process. Then, (ii) state the zeros of each function, as
exact values (simplified radical form) where necessary. Finally, (iii) label the coordinates of the *-intercepts
on the graph to the right.
(a) / = B −7 −6
(b) ! B #
=2 − 11 + 11 + 24 − 36
(c) " = B +8 # +9 − 28 − 30

5. (a) Yes – show that !(2⁄3) is equal to 0. 3 2⁄3 #
+ 7 2⁄3 − 4  = 3(8⁄27) + 7 4⁄9 − 4  = 0 
(b) No – use a similar process to above to show that "(2⁄3) is NOT equal to 0.
6. (a) = − 3⁄4 , −1, and 2 (b) = −2 and 1
8. (a) Fully factor the function 5 * = *2 + 1*; − *1 − 7?* − =, using an algebraic process.
Then, (b) state the roots of the equation / = 0.
9. NR For the polynomial function 5 * = *0 + @*2 − 2?*1 + ;1*, two of the zeros are −4 and 1.
The largest zero of /( ), when expressed as a fully simplified radical, is: T( U − V),
 Exam
Style
The values of Q, R, and S, are, respectively, ________, ________, and _______.
first digit of ans. second digit third digit

7. (a) i / = ( + 2)( + 1)( − 3) ii zeros are: = −1, −7, ?, and ; iii x-ints match zeros, label coords on graph
(b) i ! = − 2 ( − 3)(2 + 3) ii zeros are: = −;/1, 1, and ;
(c) i " = ( + 3)( + 1)( + 4 − 10) ii zeros are: = −;, −7, −1 − 72 and −1 + 72
Quadratic doesn’t factor, so use quad formula to obtain exact roots.
For iii, label x-intercepts left to right as: −1 − 72 , ? , −;, ? , −7, ? , and (1 + 72 , ?)
Page |128
10. The volume of water than can fit in a rectangular aquarium is given as ` * = *; + 7?*1 + ;7* + ;?.
Use an algebraic method to determine expressions for the dimensions of the tank, in terms of , given that
the greatest dimension is the width and the lowest the length.
o r
11. NR The volume of a rectangular prism can be expressed as `(*) = 1*; + 0*1 − * − 3.
The dimensions of the prism can be expressed as shown
 Exam
Style
in the diagram. ℎ=*−q
The values of Q, R, S, and ], are respectively,
_____ , _____, _____, and _____. 9 =*+V
n = T* + U

8. (a) / = ( − 2)( + 1)( + 3 + 4) (b) = −1, 2 9. 1;7
12. One of the zeros of the polynomial function 5 * = *2 + -*; − *1 − 73* − 71 is = −2. Use an
algebraic process to determine the factored form of /( ).
13. The graph of a polynomial function 5 * = 1*2 − 7;*; + 2*1 + -* − 71 has an -intercept
at (−3/2, 0) as shown.
8(*)
(a) Algebraically determine the value of ,.
;
(− , ?)
1
(b) Use an algebraic process to determine

the factored form of /( ).
(c) Determine the remaining -intercepts

of /( ), expressed as exact values.
Label each on the graph above.

10. width: + 5 length + 2 height +3 11. 1;17
Page |130
14. A function ) * = (2* + ;)(* + 1)(* − ;) is transformed to = $( ), where $ = !(0.25 − 1).

Determine the zeros of = $( ).
15. A function 8 * = 1*; − 0*1 − 72* − ; has one rational zero equal to −3/2. Use an algebraic process to
determine the simplified radical form of the remaining two irrational zeros.
16. Two of the roots of the equation =*0 − =*2 − 1=*; − @*1 + -* = ? are = 5/2 and = −1.
Use an algebraic process to determine the remaining roots of the equation, where applicable in simplified
radical form.

12. / = ( + 3)( + 2)( + 1)( − 2) 3 (2, 0)
(− , 0)
2
13. (a) , = 34
(b) /( ) = (2 + 3)( − 2)( − 6 + 2) (3 − 7, 0)
(3 + 7, 0)
(c) = −3/2, 2, 3 − 7, 3 + 7
17. Which of the following binomials is a factor of 3 B −4 # − 23 + 44 − 12?

A. ( − 3)
 Exam
Style
B. ( + 2)
C. (3 − 1)
D. (3 + 1)
18. NR When 6 # + 19 + 11 − 6 is divided by Q − R; where Q, R ∈ s, the remainder is zero.

 Exam
Style
The values of Q and R are, respectively, ____ and ____.
19. The largest zero of the function ! B #

NR = +4 −4 − 16 + 15 is Q − R.
 Exam
Style
The values of Q and R are, respectively, ____ and ____.
Answers from the previous page and this page

−1 − 5 5−1
14. −4, 1 and 16 15. 2 − 5 and 2 + 5 16. = 0, , and
4 4
17. C 18. 31 19. 61
Page |132
2.4 Further Analysis of Polynomial Function Graphs
1. For each of the following polynomial functions, determine (without a graphing calculator, if possible) the:
i - The start and end behavior of the graph ii - The coordinates of the and -intercepts
Then, use your calculator to determine the:
iii - Coordinates of any absolute maximum / minimum points (rounded to the nearest hundredth if necessary)
iv - Domain and range of the function Sketch each graph 
(a) = −2( + 4) + 1 ( − 1)
#
(b) = ( + 4)( − 2) +1
(c) = −4 # + 16 Factor first – use an algebraic

approach to determine the zeros
2. For the polynomial function / =− + 3 (2 + 1)(3 − 4), without graphing, determine:

i - Degree of the function
ii Start and end behavior of the graph
iii Coordinates of the and -intercepts
-iv - Shape of the graph around each -intercept (crosses, “bounces”, or crosses with point of inflection)
Then, use your calculator to determine the:
v - Coordinates of any maximum / minimum points (rounded to the nearest hundredth if necessary)
vi - Domain and range of the function
Sketch the graph 
1. (a) i - Graph starts negative in quadrant III and ends negative in quadrant IV.
ii - -intercepts at −4, 0 , (−1, 0) and (1,0), and -intercept at 0, 8
iii - Maximum point at approximately −3.15, 32.61
iv - Domain is { ∈ ℝ}, Range is { | ≤ 32.61, ∈ ℝ}
(b) i - Graph starts negative in quadrant III and ends positive in quadrant I.
ii - -intercepts at −4, 0 , (−1, 0) and (2,0), and -intercept at 0, −8
iii - Odd degree function (5), so no maximum or minimum point
iv - Domain is { ∈ ℝ}, Range is { ∈ ℝ}
(c) i - Graph starts positive in quadrant II and ends negative in quadrant IV.
ii - -intercepts at 0, 0 and (4,0), and -intercept at (0, 0)
iii - Odd degree function (3), so no maximum or minimum point
iv - Domain is { ∈ ℝ}, Range is { ∈ ℝ}
3. The polynomial functions below have integer and -intercept values.

Determine an equation of minimum degree for each, in factored form. (Do not expand out)
+ *
(a) (b) (1, 32)
(0, 45)
) *
(c) (d) - *
(3, 20)
(0, −24)
8 *
Practice Question Answers from Previous Page

2. i - Degree 4 (0.64, 62.84)
ii - Graph starts negative in quadrant III and ends negative in quadrant IV. 1
(− , 0) (0, 36)
2
iii - -intercepts at −3, 0 , (−1/2, 0) and (4/3,0), and -intercept at 0, 36
(−3, 0) (4/3, 0)
iv - Graph “bounces” at = −3, crosses at = −1/2 and 4/3
v - Maximum point at approximately 0.64, 62.84
vi - Domain is { ∈ ℝ}, Range is { | ≤ 62.84 ∈ ℝ}
Page |140
4. The graph on the right is of a function with integral intercepts and with an
equation that can be written in the form
! = Q C + R B + S # + ] + t + !.
Determine the values of Q and !. (1, 32)
) *
5. For each of the polynomial function graphs below, assume the minimum degree to determine:
i The degree of the function ii The sign of the leading coefficient (pos or neg)
iii The values of l and b, if each function has an equation form: ( = T * + 1 l (* − ;)b
(a) (b)
6. A student wrote some observations about the graph of the polynomial

 Exam
Style function / = Q − 2 u ( + S)# , where Q v 0, S > 0, and R ∈ ℕ.
1 If R is even, the graph extends down into quadrant 3 and down into quadrant 4.
2 /( ) has exactly two -intercepts.
3 If R is odd, the -intercept is negative.
4 If R is odd, the graph will have a maximum value.
5 If R is even, the graph will be below the -axis immediately to the left and right of the -intercept (2, 0).
6 If R is even, the graph will have a range { ≤ x, ∈ ℝ}, where x is the max
value of the function.
NR The student was correct with observations numbered ____, ____, and ____.
Practice Question Answers from previous page

3. (a) !( ) = −3( + 5)( + 1)( − 3) (b) $ =2 + 3 ( − 2) (c) " =− + 2 # ( − 1)( − 3)
(d) , #
= 4( + 2) −2
7. The graph of a polynomial function shown below has integer value and intercepts.
 Exam
Style
An equation for the function of minimum degree has the form
1
/ =− + R y ( − ])( − t)
Q
The values of Q and S are, respectively, ____, and ____.
8. The function /( ) above in question 7 has a range of (−∞, 5.65]. A new function is defined by
$ = −! 0.5 + 3. Determine the range and -intercepts of the graph of = $( ):
Range: -intercepts:
9. For each polynomial function described below, determine the (i) minimum possible degree and
(ii) sign (pos. or neg.) of the leading coefficient.
Function #1, = "( ), has the following Function #2, = !( ), has a graph with the following
characteristics characteristics
 A factor ( + 4) has a multiplicity of 3  One positive -intercept at 5, 0 , which is from

 P 0 = 64 a factor of multiplicity of 2.
 Two negative -intercepts, from factors of
 A maximum value of 66
unknown multiplicity.
 P 0 = 225  The range ! is { ∈ ℝ}
Min degree: Min degree:
Sign of leading Sign of leading

coefficient: coefficient:
Practice Question Answers from previous page

4. Q = −2, ! = 144 5. (a) i 4 ii Negative iii 4 = 1, e = 3 (b) i 5 ii Positive iii 4 = 3, e = 2
6. 245
Page |142
10. For each of the polynomial functions described below, provide the sketch of a possible graph.
(a) !( ) is a third-degree polynomial function
with one real zero of multiplicity 2 and with (a)
a negative leading coefficient.
(b)
(b) "( ) is a fourth-degree polynomial function
with one real zero of multiplicity 3 and with
a negative leading coefficient.
(c) $( ) is a fifth-degree polynomial function (c)

with one real zero of multiplicity 3 and with
a positive leading coefficient.
11. The graph of a polynomial function = !( ) is shown on the right. ) *

 Exam An equation for !( ) can be written in the form: 18
Style (0, )
2 5
! = − ( + R)y ( − 1){
5 (1,0)
NR The value of R in the equation of = !( ) is ____.
Practice Question Answers from the previous page

7. 32 8. Range: [−2.65, ∞) -intercepts: (−4, 0), (2, 0), and (6, 0).
9. Function 1: i 4 ii negative Function 2: i 5 ii positive
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A polynomial function = "( ) has the following characteristics:

 The graph has -intercepts at (−2, 0) and (3, 0)
 The graph passes through the point (4, 144)
C B #
 The function has an equation " =Q +R +S +] − 432
12. The value of the parameter “Q” in the equation of "( ) is:
A. 3
 Exam
Style
B. 4
C. −3
D. −4
13. The graph of polynomial function = !( ), shown on the )(*)

 Exam
Style right, has a factor of ( + 2).
The expanded form equation is:
) * = *2 − 7?*; + 12*1 + -* − 2- , , ∈ s
NR When the function is written ) * = * + 1 * − T b , Q, e ∈ s
the value of Q is ____.
Practice Question Answers from the previous page and this page
10. (a) Your graph should start pos. in quad II and end neg. in quad IV, with two -ints, one that “bounces”
(b) Graph should start neg in quad III and end neg in IV, with two -ints, one that’s a point of inflection 
(c) Graph should start neg in quad III and end pos in I, with either two (if one bounces) or three
-ints, one that’s a point of inflection.
11. 3
12. B 13. 4
Page |144
Chapter 2 Polynomial Functions REVIEW
1. Which of the following are polynomial functions (include equations and graphs)
C = −5 B − 14 XA +1 = 2(5)& −2
(a) =2 − 14 + 2 (b) (c) (d) =2 −5
(e) (f) (g) (h)
2. For each of the following polynomial functions, determine the following characteristics without
using your calculator and without factoring.
i - The start and end behavior of the graph
ii - Whether or not the graph will have a minimum or maximum point
iii - The domain of the function and the -intercept
Use your graphing calculator to determine:
iv - The range of the function (round to the nearest hundredth)
(a) ( = −2*2 − 2?*; − @@*1 + 7?:* − ;? (b) ( = ;*0 + 72*2 − *; − 3?*1 − ;3*
i - Start / end i - Start / end
ii - Max or min? ii - Max or min?
iii - Domain: iii - Domain:

-intercept: -intercept:
iv - Range: iv - Range:
3. Divide each of the following polynomials, using either long division or its synthetic counterpart.
Express results in the form / = h c E + i
(a) (2 # +9 − 6 − 40) Y ( + 1) B #
(b) (2 − 11 +6 + 45 − 54) Y (2 − 3)
2 – Polynomial Functions Review
4. A package for mailing must have dimensions where sum of its height and the perimeter of the base is no more
than 96 cm. Find the dimensions of the box of maximum volume that can be sent if the base is a square.
(a) Determine a function that represents the
Volume of the box.
6=
(c) Provide a domain and range for your function

obtained in (b), with respect to the “real
(b) Use technology to graph the function obtained world” constraints of the problem.
in (b) with a suitable viewing window.
Domain: Range:
Provide your sketch below, labeling any
max/mins and intercepts..
(d) State the maximum volume of the box that can
be sent.
(e) State the dimensions for the box that provides

the maximum volume.
5. Use the remainder theorem to find the remainder when:

(a) 2 # #
+9 − 6 − 40 is divided by ( − 2) (b) 8 + 27 is divided by (2 − 3)
The same remainder is obtained when a polynomial function / = # −R − 4 + 12 is

6.
 Exam
Style divided by ( + 1) as when it’s divided by ( − 4).
NR The value of R is _____.
1. (a), (e), and (h) are polynomial functions
2. (a) i - Starts negative in quad III, ends neg in quad IV (b) i - Starts negative in quad III, ends pos in quad I
ii - Maximum point iii - { ∈ ℝ} iv - { | ≤ 36.25, ∈ ℝ} ii - No max / min iii - { ∈ ℝ} iv - { ∈ ℝ}
#
3. (a) 2 +9 − 6 − 40 = 1*1 + @* − 7; c * + 7 − 1@
(b) 2 B
− 11 #
+6 + 45 − 54 = *; − 2*1 − ;* + 7= c 1* − ; + ?
Page |146
7. Use an algebraic process to (i) fully factor each of the following polynomial functions, showing all steps
and processes. Then, (ii) state the zeros of each function. and (iii) provide a sketch of the graph,
labelling all and intercepts.
(a) = # −2 − 13 − 10
(b) =2 B + 13 # + 21 − 9 − 27
Determine a suitable window on your

own! Provide the scale you used here.
(c) =2 # − +2 +5
Answers to Review Questions from Previous Page

4. (a) f = (96 − 4 ) 5. (a) ? (b) 02 6. ;
(16, 8192)
(c) Domain: [0, 24] Volume
Range: [0, 8192] (cm3)
(d) Max V: 8192 S4#
(e) 16 cm x 16 cm base,
32 cm height width (cm)
8. Use the factor theorem to determine whether each of the following binomials are factors
of / = 3 B + 13 # + 12 − 12 − 16:
(a) ( + 2) (b) ( − 3) (c) (3 + 4)
9. (a) Determine the value of , so that * − 1 is a (b) Determine the value of , so that * + 7 is a factor
factor of # + , − − 30. of 6 C − 5 B − 25 # + 10 + , .
10. The volume of the cube on the right can be expressed

 Exam
Style
` = 1*; − *1 + -* − 1?
+1
NR An expression that represents the area of the base is
T*1 − U* − V, where the values of Q, R, and S are, base
respectively: ____, ____ , and ____.
Note that V is the last two digits of your answer

7. (a) i ( = (* + 1)(* + 7)(* − 0) (b) i ( = ( − 1)(2 + 3)( + 3) (c) i ( = (* + 7)(1*1 − ;* + 0)
ii zeros: −1, −7, and 0 ii zeros: −;, −;/1, and 7 ii zeros: −7
iii iii iii
(−1, 0) (−3/2, 0)
(−2, 0) (5, 0) (−1, 0) (0, 5)

(−3, 0) (1, 0)
(0, −27)
Page |148
11. /( ) is a third-degree polynomial function where / 3⁄2 = 0, / −2 = 0, and / 0 = 6.

Which of the binomials listed below could be a factor of /( ) ?
A. ( + 1)
 Exam
Style
B. ( − 1)
C. ( + 3)
D. ( − 3)
12. The degree-four polynomial function = !( ) has zeros of −3, − 3⁄2 , 1, and 2, and
 Exam
Style / 0 = −36.
4
NR The value of / , correct to the nearest hundredth, is _____.
3
13. Use an algebraic process to determine the exact roots of the equation 2 # − 10 + 10 + 4 = 0.

8. (a) and (b) are factors 9. (a) 6 (b) 24 10. 1;1?
#
14. One of the steps in factoring the polynomial function " = − 13 + 12 is to express "( ) as a
product of ( − 1) and which of the following factors?
A. − 14 + 14
 Exam
Style
B. − 14 + 26
C. − 12 − 12
D. − 12 + 12
15. NR The binomial 2 − 3 is a factor of $ =2 # − − , when , is equal to ____.

 Exam
Style
16. Assuming a minimum degree, an equation for the polynomial

 Exam
Style function on the right is / = Q( + 1)u ( − S){ .
NR The values of Q, R, S, and ] are, respectively, ___, ___, ____, (?, 71)
and ___. Math30-1power.com

3 − 13 3 + 13
11. B 12. 7?. :7 13. = 2, ,
2 2
Page |150
17. The graph of a polynomial functions, shown below, have integer -intercepts.
Determine an equation for each function, in factored form and minimum degree.
(1, 128)
(a) (b)
(0, 81) = !( )
= $( )
18. Assuming a minimum degree, an equation for the polynomial

 Exam
Style function on the right is / = −Q + 2 u ( − S) , where
Q, R, S, and ] ∈ s.
NR The values of Q, R, and S are, respectively, ___, ___, and ___.
(?, −722) 5(*)
Answers to Review Questions from Previous Page and this page

14. C 15. ; 16. 3322
19. The graph of polynomial function = "( ), shown on the right, has
three integer -intercepts. Its equation can be written in the form:
(7, ;3)
5 * = T*0 + U*2 + V*; + q*1 + }* + ) ; Q, R, S, ], t, and !; ! ∈ |
Determine the values of T and ).
8(*)
20. The graph of polynomial function = /( ), shown on the

 Exam
Style right, has four integer -intercepts. Its equation can be 8(*)
written in the form:
8 * = (T*1 +U* + V)(* + ;)(* + 7)(* − ;); Q, R, S, ], t, and !; ! ∈ | (1, 20)
NR The values of T, and V are, respectively, ___ and ___.
21. For the polynomial function = !( ), shown on the right, all

 Exam
Style -intercepts have integer values and $ 3 = 6.
NR The -coordinate of the -intercept is ____.

17. (a) ! =3 +3 − 1 ( − 3) (b) $ = −2 + 3 # ( − 2) 18. 423
19. Q = −3, ! = 48 20. 39 21. 12
Page |152
3.1 Practice Questions
1. Fully simply each of the following expressions:

#) # #
# )(3 XA ) (5 8 44 eB
(a) (5 (b) C
(c)
−10 −64C e
X XB X
27 (e) 2
(d)
3 X# C XA
2. Evaluate each, showing simplification steps: Try first without a calculator, use your calc to verify!
#
3
X
# 25
X 2X#
(a) − (b) 81B (c) (d) X
A
4 16 8
50
Page |158
Chapter 3 – Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
3. Use an algebraic process to solve each of the following equations. Verify your answers.
1
(a) 6#X#€ = (b) 64 &X# = 16
216
1 1
(c) 3&XB = 9&•A (d) ( )#&• · 216#& =
6 216
(e) 4#& = 8&•A (f) (9)&XB (3) &XA

= 27&•A
B #
8e~ 81 A
16 64 1
1. (a) 45 (b) −4 (c) − (d) ~ (e) 2. (a) (b) 27 (c) (d)
274• 4 ~ 9 125 20
Note: Page numbers are not sequential, but match the full Math 30-1 EDGE Workbook Page |159
3.1 Exponential Expressions and Equations
4. Algebraically solve each of the following equations. Verify by graphing on your calculator.
&XA
1 1
&X
3 &•A X# 1
(a) 5(25) &•A = (125)&X (b) = (c) 3 +2 =
5 9 27&X# 16
& & &X &X

125
X
6
#&•
(e) 2 27 (f) 1 16 &•A
(d) = = =
216 5 3 8 4 8&•A

3. (a) 2 (b) 11/6 (c) −6 (d) −1/6 (e) 1 (f) 12
Page |160 Copyright © RTD Learning 2020 – all rights reserved

& •& ƒ &X

5. A student used an algebraic process to solve the equation 3 =3
1 . He is able to simplify the
27#&XA 9
equation to + R + S = 0, where R, S ∈ |
The value of S is:
A. −8
 Exam
Style
B. −4
C. −2
D. −1
4
6. NR The simplified solution to the equation 16& · 64#X#& = 64 is , where the values of 4 and e
e
are, respectively, ____ and ____.
7. The count of a bacteria culture is initially 60 and is doubling every 4 hours. Set up and algebraically
solve an exponential equation, to determine the amount of time it would take for the bacteria count
to reach 1920.

4. (a) −4 (b) −6 (c) 62/3 (d) −4/3 (e) 6/5 (f) 3/7
3.1 Exponential Expressions and Equations
8. The foundation of a house has approximately 1200 termites. The termite population is doubling every 20
days. Set up and algebraically solve an equation to determine how long it would take for the termite
population to reach approximately 153 600.
9. An adult takes 400 mg of Ibuprofen. The half-life for the amount of Ibuprofen in a person’s system is 3 hours.
Note: This means that after 3 hrs, half of the original amount ingested remains in the body.
Set up and algebraically solve an equation to determine how long it would take for the amount of Ibuprofen
in the person’s body to decrease to 12.5 mg.

5. C 6. 67 7. 20 hours
8. 140 days 9. 15 hrs
Page |162
1. Determine an equation for each of the following functions, in the form ( = T(U)*:
(a) (b)
2. For each function below, without using your graphing calculator, determine:
i - The equation of the horizontal asymptote iii - The coordinates of the (-intercept
ii - The Domain and Range iv - Whether or not the graph will have an *-intercept.
&
(a) = 5(3)& (b) 1 (c) = 3(6)& +2
= −4
5
i - H.A. at i - H.A. at i - H.A. at

ii - D: ii - D: ii - D:
R: R: R:
iii - -int at iii - -int at iii - -int at
iv - -int ? iv - -int ? iv - -int ?
&
4 &
(d) = −3 + 5.5 (e) = −3.75 1.1 −1 (f) = 3(2)& −24
5
i - H.A. at i - H.A. at i - H.A. at

ii - D: ii - D: ii - D:
R: R: R:
iii - -int at iii - -int at iii - -int at
iv - -int ? iv - -int ? iv - -int ?
3. Refer to #2 (f) above, the function = 3(2)& −24.

(a) Algebraically determine the (b) Use the intercepts and other
coordinates of the -intercept. characteristics described
above, to sketch the graph:
Page |172
Unit 3 – Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4 Determine an equation for each of the following functions, in the form ( = T(U)* +- :
(a) (b)
5. The -intercept on the graph of ! = 2(Q &•A ) + R is:

Exam A. 2
 Style
B. 2 + R
C. 2Q
D. 2Q + R
6. The range of the function ! = Q(R & ) + S; where Q v 0, S > 0, 0 v R v 1 is:

A. { > S, ∈ ℝ}
 Exam
Style
B. { > Q + S, ∈ ℝ}
C. { v S, ∈ ℝ}
D. { v Q + S, ∈ ℝ}
7. Given the function ! = Q(R &XA ) + 5 , where Q v 0, R > 1:

(a) Determine an expression for the -intercept (b) Describe whether the graph will have
an -intercept. Justify your answer.
&
&
1
1. (a) =5 2 (b) =3 3. (a) -int at (3, 0)
4
(b)
2. (a) i - HA at ( = ? (b) i - HA at ( = ? (c) i - HA at ( = 1
ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ} ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ} ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ}
R: {(|( > ?, ( ∈ ℝ} R: {…|( v ?, ( ∈ ℝ} R: {(|( > 1, ( ∈ ℝ} (3, 0)
iii - -int at (?, 0) iii - -int at (?, −2) iii - -int at (?, 0)
iv - NO -int iv - NO -int
. iv - NO -int
(d) i - HA at ( = 0. 0 (e) i - HA at ( = −7 (f) i - HA at ( = −12
ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ} ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ} ii - D: {* ∈ ℝ} (0, −21)
R: {(|( v 0. 0, ( ∈ ℝ} R: {…|( v −7, ( ∈ ℝ} R: {(|( > −12, ( ∈ ℝ} H.A. at
iii - -int at (?, 1. 0) iii - -int at (?, −2. @0) iii - -int at (?, −17) = −24
iv - YES -int iv - NO -int iv - YES -int
Page |173
3.2 Graphs of Exponential Functions
&•A
3 1
8. Given the function ! =− + 48, determine:
4 8
(a) The -intercept of = ! XA ( ) (b) The domain of = ! XA ( )
9. The partial graph of the function ! = − 3 &•A + 5 is shown below.

The graph transformed to $( ) by applying a vertical stretch factor of Q, where Q > 1.
(a) Identify which of the following characteristics
would not change:
i Domain
ii Range
iii Horizontal Asymptote
iv -intercept =!
v -intercept
(b) Determine an expression for the -intercept

of = $( ).

&
&
2
4. (a) =2 4 −8 (b) = −3 +7 5. D 6. C
3
Q
7. (a) (0, + 5)
.
(b) The H.A. is above the -axis. And since Q v 0 the graph is entirely below the H.A. So the
R
graph must intersect with the -axis and there IS an *-intercept.
8. (a) (0, −3) (b) { | v 48, ∈ ℝ} .

9. (a) Would not change: i, iv (b) (0, 2Q)
Page |174
1. Express each in exponential form:

1
(a) 9†$~ 6 = 1 (b) 9†$C = −4 (c) 9†$• 3 = 0.5
625
2. Express each in logarithmic form:

#
(a) 25 = 125 (b) 10X# = 0.001 (c) 8A = 8
3. Evaluate each: Try without using a log button your calculator!

(a) 9†$ 16 (b) 9†$(10 000) (c) 9†$# 3~
(d) 9†$~ 6 (e) 9†$ 0.125 (f) 9†$ (8 2)
(g) 9†$‡ 1 (h) 9†$A/# 9
Page |183
3.3 The Logarithmic Function
4. Determine the value of for each: Try without using a log button your calculator!
(a) 9†$B 256 = (b) 9†$C = −2 (c) 9†$A~ 4 =
1
(d) 9†$& = −4 (e) 9†$& 0.125 = −3 (f) 9†$• 3 27 =
81
5. Solve each of the following: Once again, try without using your calc, or at least not using the log button!
(a) 10 & (b) 2(4)& = 32 (c) 9†$& (4⁄3) = −1/2
= 1 000 000
1 8
(d) 9†$ˆ = (e) 9†$ ˆ ( ) = −2/3 (f) 9†$ =
16 A C 32
Practice Questions answers from previous page

1. (a) 6A = 6 (b) 5XB = 1⁄625 (c) 9_.C = 3 2. (a) 9†$ C 125 = 3/2 (b) 9†$0.001 = −3 (c) 9†$ˆ 8 = 1
3. (a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 1/2 (e) −3 (f) 7/2 (g) 0 (h) −2
Page |184
1 1 27
(a) 9†$C = (b) 9†$& =5 (c) 9†$& ( )=3
125 32 64
1
(d) 9†$A__ 10 = (e) 9†$& (25) = −2 (f) 9†$& = −2
16
3 1
(g) 9†$B = (h) 9†$B =− (i) 9†$B 8 ‰ 16 =
2 • 2
Š 5 7
(j) 9†$ C 125 = (k) 9†$• ( ) = (l) 9†$ˆ 4 =
2 2
Œ
Express in the form R‹

4. (a) 4 (b) 1/25 (c) 1/2 (d) 3 (e) 2 (f) 5/4
5. (a) 3 (b) 3⁄4 (c) 9/16 (d) −4/3 (e) 25/4 (f) −7/2
Page |185
1 4
(a) 9†$ˆ = (b) 9†$& 16 =
3 3
8. For the function ) * = r•+2 (;* + 0), provide a detailed sketch, and indicate the domain, range,
asymptote, and coordinates of any intercepts. Use an algebraic process to determine the graph characteristics,
where applicable state in exact values only.
7 0
Exam The points 5(1, ) and j(l, ) lie 5
9.  Style
1 1
on the graph of ( = r•+U *, as 1 j(4, )
2
5(2, )
shown on the right. 2
NR The value of 4 is: _____

6. (a) −3 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/4 (d) 1/2 (e) 1/5 (f) 4
(g) 8 (h) 3⁄2 (i) 13/6 (j) 3/2 (k) 243 (l) 2A‡
Page |186
10.
 Exam
Style The function ( = r•+U 2 − 0* − 7 ; 0 v R v 1 , has a domain of:
A. { | > 4, ∈ ℝ}
B. { | > 4/5, ∈ ℝ}
C. { | v 4, ∈ ℝ}
D. { | v 4/5, ∈ ℝ}
11. NR The value of the expression r•+ 1 = + r•+7 1@ + r•+ ; 7? (7??), correct to the nearest
:
tenth, is _____. Once again - Try without using the log button calculator!
12. NR The graph of = 29†$B + 5 − 1 has an -intercept at (−4, 0), where 4 is equal to ____.
13. If r•+U * = (, then an equivalent expression for #

is:
A. R # #
 Exam
Style
B. R #Ž
‰
C. R Ž
D. R Ž
7. (a) 2 (b) 8
V.A. at * = −0/;
8. D: { | > −5/3, ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ} )(*)
VA at = −5/3 −int (−4/3, 0) −int (0, 9†$B 5) 
2
9. 32 (− , ?)
;
Page |187
14. Match each of the listed functions with its graph number. State the domain of each function in the second column.
= 9†$A⁄ ( ) = 9†$ ( − 5) Domain:
= 9†$A⁄# ( ) = 9†$ ( − 3) Domain:
= 9†$# ( ) = 9†$ ( + 3) Domain:
= 9†$ ( ) = 9†$A/ ( + 3) Domain:
  
 

 
15. The graph of ) * shown is obtained by horizontally translating

the function ( = r•+U *. Determine the equation of )(*).
16. If 2Qu = S , then an expression for R is:

Exam
Q
 A. 9†$y
Style 2
B. 9†$ • S
C. 9†$y (2Q)
S
D. 9†$•
2
10. D 11. 10.5 12. 3 13. B
Page |188
Chapter 4 – Radical and Rational Functions
17. For each of the following functions, determine the inverse function, and state the domain and
range of ! XA ( )
(a) = 5& (b) = 3& + 1
1
(c) = 3( )& (d) = 2(5)& − 3
2
18. State the domain, and algebraically determine the and -intercepts for each of the following functions:
27 −
(a) = 9†$ ( + 4) (b) = 9†$A ( ) (c) = 9†$B − 2 + 1
# 3

14. First column (top to bottom): 
Second column (top to bottom): { | > 5, ∈ ℝ}  { | > 3, ∈ ℝ}  { | > −3, ∈ ℝ}  { | > −3, ∈ ℝ}
15. = 9†$# ( + 2) 16. D
Page |189
19. The logarithmic form of the equation ;T1 = U, where Q > 1, is:
A. 9†$#• R = 2
 Exam
Style
R
B. 9†$• =2
3
C. 9†$u 3Q = 2
R
D. 9†$# =2
Q
7 *
20. For the function ) * = −2 ; + 71, provide a detailed sketch of the inverse function, and indicate
the domain, range, asymptote, and coordinates of any intercepts of the inverse. Use an algebraic process to
determine the graph characteristics.
Practice Questions answers from previous page and this page

17. (a) ! XA ( ) = 9†$C ( ) ; D: { | > 0, ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ}  This is also the range for (b), (c) and (d)
(b) ! XA ( ) = 9†$# ( − 1) ; D: { | > 1, ∈ ℝ}
&
(c) = 9†$• (#) ; D: { | > 0, ∈ ℝ}
ƒ
&•#
(d) = 9†$C ( ) ; D: { | > −3, ∈ ℝ}
18. (a) D: { | > −4, ∈ ℝ} -int: (−3, 0) -int: (0, 2)

(b) D: { | v 27, ∈ ℝ} -int: (24, 0) -int: (0, −2)
(c) D: { | > 2, ∈ ℝ} -int: (2.25, 0) -int: n/a
19. B ( = )X7 (*) V.A at = 12 = !( )

XA A X&
20. ! ( )= 9†$A⁄# B ; D: { | v 12, ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ} Here’s both = ! XA ( )
graphs 
V.A at = 12 -int: (8, 0) -int: (0, −1)
(0, −1) (8, 0)
Page |190
1. Express each as a single logarithm, and then evaluate:
25
(a) 9†$20 + 9†$5 (b) 9†$C 10 + 9†$C 15 + 9†$C (c) 9†$ 80 + 9†$ 50 − 9†$ 125
6
1 75 1 1
(d) 39†$# 12 − 39†$# 4 (e) 29†$ 5 + 9†$ 36 − 9†$ (f) 9†$C 250 − 9†$C 2
2 2 2 2
2. Use the power logarithm law to evaluate each without a calculator:

(a) 9†$ 8A_ (b) 9†$ ‰ 100 (c) 9†$C 25A.C
3. Express each as a single logarithm in simplest form:

For (a) only, also state any 1
(a) 29†$‘ − 39†$G restrictions on the variable (b) 29†$C 44 + 9†$C e − 39†$C 4
2
1
(c) 2 9†$ # − 3 9†$ # − (9†$ + 9†$ ) (d) 29†$u Q + 39†$u 2RS − 9†$u (2S # ) + 2
3
Page |196
4. If 9†$ 3 = and 9†$ 5 = , determine an expression for each of the following:

20
(a) 9†$ 15 (b) 9†$ 360 (c) 9†$
675
5. If 9†$2 = and 9†$5 = , determine an expression for each of the following:

Š
32
(a) 9†$80 (b) 9†$(250 2) (c) 9†$
125 1000
6. If 9†$# 4 = 5 and 9†$# e = 4, evaluate each of the following:

4#
(a) 9†$# (b) 39†$# 34 e (c) 29†$# 94# eXA
9
4 1 4B 9Š e
(d) 29†$# ( ) (e) 9†$# (f) 9†$#
e 2 e 4

1. (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3 (e) 2 (f) 1.5 2. (a) 30 (b) 2/3 (c) 3
‘ 16 e C
3. (a) 9†$ # where ‘ > 0, G > 0 (b) 9†$C (c) 9†$ /#
(d) 9†$u (4Q R )
G 4
Note: Page numbers are not sequential, but match the full Math 30-1 EDGE Workbook Page |197
3.4 Logarithm Laws
7. Express each as a single logarithm in simplest form, and state any restrictions on the variable:
9†$ 8 A 9†$ 9 B 1
(a) − (b) 29†$u QS + 9†$u 9Q# − 39†$u (S)
3 2 2
8. The students in a math class are learning about transformations of logarithmic functions. They are given the
following two functions and asked to describe the transformation of the graph of function  to the graph of
function :  = 9†$ ( )  = 9†$ 8
Kidist claims that the graph of function  is obtained by horizontally stretching the graph of function .
Samer states that the graph of function  is obtained by vertically translating the graph of function .
Explain how both students are correct and determine

the stretch factor and amount of vertical shift.

1 5 3
4. (a) + (b) 2 + + 3 (c) −3 − +2 5. (a) 4 + (b) + 2 + 1 (c) −3 −
2 4 2
6. (a) 13 (b) 45 (c) 26 (d) 12 (e) 8 (f) −7 or, alternatively (b) can 3
+3
be expressed as: 2
Page |198
9. The same two students are arguing again (while keeping it friendly), this time with the functions:
 = 9†$
 = 29†$
This time Samer argues that the graphs of the two functions should be identical, while Kidist maintains that
the graphs will have a different domain. Analyze the two functions to determine who is correct and justify
their position with correct mathematical reasoning.
7
10. The expression r•+; b = 1r•+; lb + ;, where 4, e > 1, written in terms of e is:
1
1
 Exam
Style A.
94 /#
1
B. /#
274
1
C.
94B/#
1
D.
274B/#
11. NR If 9†$‹ e = 5, then the value of 9†$‹ ( Š e# 4 ), correct to the nearest tenth, is ____.

2 3Q‡/
7. (a) 9†$ (b) 9†$u
3 S
8. Graph  is a horiz. stretch, factor of 1⁄8.
Graph  can also be a vertical shift, 3 units up. ( = r•+1 =*  ( = r•+1 =) + r•+1 (*  ( = ; +r•+1 *
3.4 Logarithm Laws
12. The graphs of !( ) and $( ) on the right have a vertical asymptote

at = 3. The equation of !( ) has the form ! = 9†$ ( − ℎ)
The graph of $( ) is obtained by vertically reflecting the graph of )(*)
! about the -axis.
Provide two forms of an equation for $( ) and use log laws and
exponential form to show they are equivalent.
+(*)
13. If r•+1 0 = T and r•+1 7? = U, then an expression for r•+1 7??? is:
A. 2Q + R + 2
 Exam
Style
B. Q + R + 2
C. 2Q + R + 4
D. 4QR
2 ;
14. NR If r•+l b = 1. ;1, where 4, e > 0, 4 ≠ 1, then the value of r•+l b , correct to the
nearest hundredth, is _____.
9. Graph  has domain of { ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ}, while graph , while “equivalent” (log law #3), has a lesser domain of { > 0, ∈ ℝ}.
(Can’t log negatives, but for  we square * so it’s never negative) So graph are not identical, well played Kidist..
10. C 11. 5.8
Page |200
15. Write each of the following expressions as a single log.

A ‰
(a) 29†$• R + 49†$• Q S − 3 (b) 9†$• (9 QB ) − 39†$• RS + 5/3
A A
(c) 9†$• R ~ − 39†$• Q S − 1 (d) 9†$• (8 Q# ) − 29†$• R S # + 2
#
16. The expression 29†$4‘ − (39†$2 − 69†$ ‘) can be simplified to:

‘C
 Exam A. 9†$
Style 2
B. 9†$ 2‘C
2
C. 9†$
‘
D. 9†$ 2‘ˆ
12.  $ = 9†$A/ ( − 3)  $ = −9†$ ( − 3)   becomes = 9†$ ( − 3)XA  exp RTD

form Learning
gives 2Ž = PowerMath
( − 3)XA
A A
Exp. form of  is (1/2)Ž = ( − 3) which is • = ( − 3) and again,  is 2Ž = which is equivalent.
&X#
13. A 14. 1.74
3.4 Logarithm Laws
17. Evaluate each of the following:

–—˜ƒ C –—˜ƒ A_
–—˜# –—˜B 3 c 3 Simplify to a single
(a) (10 )(10 ) (b)
C power term of base 3
–—˜ƒ
3 B
18. If 9†$B 3 = Q and 9†$B 5 = R, determine an expression for each of the following:
432 ( 12 )#
(a) 9†$B ‰ (b) 9†$B
15 200
T 1
If r•+T U = ?. 0, then the value of the expression r•+T U + r•+T is:
19. U
A. 0.5
 Exam
Style
B. 1.25
C. 2.25
D. 2.5

C
3Q‡⁄# R# 2Q
15. (a) 9†$• QR S (b) 9†$• (c) 9†$• (d) 9†$•
R# S ~ Q‡S # RB S ~
16. B
= U ; 7
17. (a) 71 (b) ;;/1 18. (a) T− +1 (b) T − 1U − 19. C
; ; 1 1
Page |202
1. Use an algebraic approach to solve each of the following equations. Provide your answers as both exact
values, and as decimal approximations correct to the nearest hundredth. Verify your answers graphically
using your calculator.
&
(a) 5#& − 11 = 75 (b) 6X# = 30
X#&
1
(c) 3 = 30 (d) 2&•# = 15&
5
(e) 7(2)& = 5&X (f) 3(7)&• = 8 &XA
3.5 Solving Exponential Equations Using Logarithms, Applications
2. A sports car purchased new for $74 000 depreciates at an approximate rate of 15% per year. An equation
that can be used to find the amount of time it would take for the value to fall to $40 000 is:
40 000 = 74 000(R)• ; where R is the amount the value of the car would be multiplied each
year to obtain the new value. (That is, R = 1 − rate of decrease)
Substitute a value for R to algebraically determine the number of years it would take for the value of the car
to fall to $40 000, correct to the nearest tenth of a year. Verify graphically using your graphing calculator.
3. The population of a bacteria culture, given favorable growth conditions, will double every 4.5 hours. An
equation that can be used to determine for a population of 100 bacteria to reach 10 000 is given by:
•
ee] Q4eg = dedgdQ9 Q4eg(R)B.C ; where the bacteria population is multiplied by R every 4.5 hours.
Fill out the necessary equation values to algebraically determine how long it would take for the bacteria
population to reach 10 000, correct to the nearest whole hour. Verify your answer graphically.
4. Over the past century the doubling period for the world’s population has been approximately 40 years. In
April 2019, the approximate world population was 7.7 billion people.
(a) Assuming that this doubling period remains constant, set up an equation to algebraically determine
how long it would take for the world population to reach 10 billion people, correct to the nearest
tenth of a year.
(b) Use an algebraic process to determine the world population average annual growth rate, correct to the
nearest tenth of a percentage.
A –—˜ˆ~ X#–—˜#_
1. (a) = # 9†$C 86, or, equivalently, … * ≈ ?. :1 (b) = −39†$~ 30, or, equivalently, … * ≈ −0. 3:
–—Ã C –—˜~
A –—˜ C_ #–—˜ –—˜ (ˆ)
(c) = #
(2 − 9†$• 10), or, equivalently,
–—Ã C
… * ≈ 7. 72 (d) = − –—˜ , simplifies to, … * ≈ 7. ?;
š X–—ÃC –—˜ (AC⁄ )
–—Ã‡C –—ÃA‡~
(e) = š … * ≈ 0. 32 (f) = ›Š … * ≈ ;. 7:
–—˜ ( ) –—˜ ( )
ƒ œ
Page |212
5. The S&P 500 is a stock market index that measures the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on
stock exchanges in the United States. Over the last 25 years the S&P 500 has grown at an average annual
rate of 7.5%. On January 1st, 2020, the S&P 500 was measured 3230.78.
(a) Assuming the S&P 500 continues to grow at the same rate, set up an equation to algebraically
determine the year during which the index will reach 5000.
(b) Algebraically determine how long it would take for the index to double in value, correct to the nearest
tenth of a year.
(c) Construct two separate equations in the form = Q(R)•/Ÿ , that model the predicted measure of the
S&P 500, (, as a function in time in years after January 1st, 2020, . For your first equation, use " = 1
and the information provided in the question. For your second equation, use R = 2 along with your
result from part (b).
(d) Show that both equations developed in part (c) are equivalent, by using each to predict the value of the
S&P 500 on January 1st, 2030, correct to the nearest hundred.

2. Solve: 40 000 = 74 000(0.85)•  ;. = years 3. Solve: 10 000 = 100(2)•/B.C  ;? hours
4. (a) Solve: 10 = 7.7(2) •/B_  70. 7 years (b) Solve: 15.4 = 7.7(R)B_  R ≈ 1.017478  7. @% / yr
6. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of
consumed goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care. Changes in the CPI are used
to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.
In March 2010, the Canadian CPI was 115.6, and in March 2019 it was 135.4.
(a) Determine the average annual rate of change of the CPI between 2010 and 2019, expressed to the
nearest tenth of a percentage.
(b) Algebraically determine how long it would take for the index to double in value, correct to the nearest
tenth of a year.
(c) Construct two separate equations that model the predicted value of the CPI as a function in time in
years after March 2019. For the first equation, use your result from (a) to determine a value of R
between 0 and 1, and for your second use your result from (b) to construct a doubling period equation.
Use each equation to predict the value of the CPI in March 2029.
7. Iodine-131 is a radioactive nuclide with important application in medical science. A sample contains 30.00
mg of Iodine-131, and two days later 23.15 mg remain. Set up and algebraically solve an equation to
determine the half-life of Iodine-131, correct to the nearest hundredth.
8. Phosphorus-32 is another radioactive nuclide used in medical science; its half-life is 14.26 days. Set up and
algebraically solve an equation to determine how long it would take for 200 mg of phosphorus-32 to decay to
120 mg, correct to the nearest tenth of a day.

5. (a) Solve: 5000 = 3230.78(1.075)•  The year 2026 (b) Solve: 6461.56 = 3230.78(1.075)•  9.6 years
(c) = 3230.78(1.075)• and = 3230.78(2)•/•.~ (d) Subst. g = 10 into both – both give approx. 6700
Page |214
9. A parent wishes to save $20 000 for an education fund, to be used in 15 years. She plans to invest in a GIC
earning 6% /a (per annum, or “per year), compounded semi-annually. Determine the amount she should
invest today, to the nearest whole dollar, so that it will grow to $20 000 in 15 years.
10. Ray borrowed $20 000 for the construction of a new garage. Interest was charged at 5% / a, compounded
monthly. The loan was paid off in one payment of $24 417.91, at the end of the loan period.
Determine the length of the loan period, in years.
11. Ron has $2500 to invest, with the goal of doubling it in 6 years. Determine the interest rate, correct to the
nearest tenth of a percentage, that he must obtain to reach that goal, if interest is compounded quarterly.
12. Abdel is considering two different investment funds in which to invest $10 000. To help make his decision,
he is considering the performance of each fund over the past ten years.
Fund A has grown at an average rate of 7.4% / a over that period.
Fund B has exactly doubled in value over the past ten years.
Determine the fund that Abdel should choose, making the natural assumption that he wishes to earn the
most dinero (money). Justify your answer with calculations and proper reasoning.
Practice Questions answers from this page

6. (a) Solve: 135.4 = 115.6(R)•  1.8% (b) Solve: 135.4 = 115.6(2)•/Ÿ  39.5 yrs
(c) = 135.4 (1.0177)• and = 135.4(2)•/#•.C equations give 162.9 and 161.4 respectively variance is due to rounding
the R and " values
7. Solve: 23.15 = 30(1/2) /Ÿ  5.35 days 8. Solve: 14.26 = 200(1/2)•/AB. ~
 10.5 days
13. NR The exact value of the solution to the equation 1(3)*•1 = ;1*X; can be written in the form:
9†$x
 Exam
Style 9†$ 3⁄2
; where x ∈ ℕ The value of x is _____.
14. In 1994 the average price of a particular product was $7.22. By 2020 the price was $16.38.
(a) Determine the average annual rate of growth for the price of this product, correct to the nearest tenth
of a percentage.
(b) Determine the doubling period for the price of this product, correct to the nearest whole number of years.
(c) Construct two separate equations that model the future price of the product, /, as a function in time in
years after 2020, g. The first equation should use R = 1 + growth rate while the second should use R = 2.
(d) Use each equation to predict the price of the product in the year 2035, correct to the nearest hundredth of
a dollar. (cent)
Practice Questions answers from this page and previous page and this page
•
9. Solve: 20 000 = Q(1 + 0.03)#_  $8240 10. Solve: 24417.91 = 20000(1 + _._C)•/(•ƒ)  4 yrs
A
¢ B  11.7%
11. Solve: 5000 = 2500(1 + B)
12. One possible method – find how long it would take Fund A to double…. solve: 2 = 1(1.074)•  9.7 yrs
Since this is a shorter period than the 10 years for fund B …. FUND A is the way to go!
~ ~/Ÿ
13. 1944 14. (a) Solve: 16.38 = 7.22(R)  3.2% / yr (b) Solve: 16.38 = 7.22(2)  22 yrs
• •/
(c) / = 16.38(1.032) or / = 16.38(2) (d) Both give approx. $26.27
Page |216
1. Use an algebraic process to find the roots of each of the following equations. Remember to check for
restrictions and reject any extraneous roots. Verify your answers graphically on your calculator.
(a) 9†$ + 9†$12 = 9†$8 (b) 9†$ (4 ) = 5
(c) 9†$# (2 + 1) = 2 (d) 9†$B − 6 + 9†$B = 2
(e) 9†$C − 6 = 1 − 9†$C ( − 2) (f) 9†$ − 2 + 9†$ = 9†$ 3
(g) 9†$ (2 + 10) − 9†$ =4 (h) 9†$# + 7 − 9†$# −3 =2
Page |224
2. Solve each of the following. Remember to check for any extraneous roots. Where applicable, answer in
exact values in simplified radical form.
(a) 9†$(2 + 6) − 9†$( − 1) = 1 (b) 9†$ − 9†$ 3 = 9†$ 27
(c) 9†$# ( +8) − 9†$# 6 = 9†$# (d) 9†$# ( + 2) − 2 = 9†$# ( − 4)
(e) 9†$B 2 + 9†$B ( + 4) = 2 (f) (9†$ ) − 9†$ # − 10 = 0

Need a hint? See the bottom of the next page. Need a hint? See the bottom of the next page.
(g) (9†$# ) = 9†$# +3 (h) 9†$ + 2 = 2 − 9†$(7 − 1)
1. (a) 1/; (b) = (c) −1, 1 (d) = (e) @ (f) ; (g) 0/@ (h) 7@/2
Page |225
3.6 Solving Logarithmic Equations and Log Scales
3. Solve each of the following. Where applicable, state roots as exact values in simplified radical form.
(a) 9†$B (9†$# ) = 1 (b) 9†$• (9†$& 64) = 1/2
(c) 9†$B (9†$ (9†$# 2 − 1 )) = 1 (d) 9†$# (9†$# (9†$ + 5 )) = 0
4. When carbon dioxide is absorbed into the bloodstream it produces carbonic acid and lowers the pH. The
body compensates by producing bicarbonate, a weak base to partially neutralize the acid. The equation
=??
which models blood pH in this situation is 8£ = 3. 7 + r•+ , where is the partial pressure of carbon
*
dioxide in arterial blood, measured in torr. (Torr is a unit of pressure)
Find the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

in arterial blood if the pH is 7.4.
5. The population of bears in a particular area has been growing at an annual rate of 3%.
The length of time it will take for an initial population of /_ to reach a population of / is given by the
relationship: 5
= @@. : r•+
5?
(a) Use the given relationship to determine how long it
would take a population of 500 bears to reach 1200,
to the nearest tenth of a year.
(b) Show how a function in the form / = /_ (R)• (where R is the

multiplication factor of growth for a 3% annual growth rate) can
¤
be manipulated to obtain the relationship g = 77.9 9†$
¤¥
Hint for #2(e): Exact solution requires quadratic formula
Hint for #2(f): Use log law on 9†$ # , then make a substitution, ‘ = 9†$ . Solve resulting quadratic by factoring.
2. (a) 1 (b) −:, : (c) 1, 2 (d) 7:/2 (e) 1 ; − 1 (f) 7/2, ;1 (g) 7/;, 1@ (h) ;
Page |226
6. One step in solving the equation r•+; * − ; + r•+; * − 1 = 1 is to simplify to a quadratic equation in
the form *1 + U* + V; R, S ∈ |, where S is equal to:
A. −3
 Exam
Style
B. 0
C. 4
D. 6
7. The equation r•+U 1 − * + r•+U (7 − *) = r•+U 71 ; R > 0, R ≠ 1 has solution(s):

A. 5
 Exam
Style
B. −2
C. −2 or 5
D. −2 or −1
8. In the first half of 2020 the United States Geological Survey charted 78 “significant”
earthquakes worldwide. Significance is quantified on the basis of magnitude and proximity to
populated locales.
The first earthquake charted was near Morgan Hill, California, on January 2nd, and had a
Richter Scale value of 3.9.
The largest magnitude earthquake was on January 28th near Lucea, Jamaica, and had a Richter
Scale value of 7.7.
On April 4th there was an earthquake near Magna, Utah.
(a) How many times more intense was the Lucea, Jamaica
earthquake compared to the Morgan Hill, California earthquake?
Answer to the nearest whole number.
(b) What was the magnitude of the earthquake near

Magna, Utah, if it was 794 times less intense than the
Lucea, Jamaica earthquake? Answer to the nearest tenth.
(c) On January 29th the same region near Lucea, Jamaica,

experienced a second earthquake that had one-quarter the
intensity as on January 28th. Determine the magnitude of
the second earthquake. Answer to the nearest tenth.
(d) In March, 2017, the same region near Morgan Hill,

California, had an earthquake that had 20% the intensity of
the January 2nd, 2020 earthquake. (That measured 3.9 on
the Richter Scale) Determine the magnitude of the March,
2017 earthquake. Answer to the nearest tenth.

3. (a) =7 (b) 2 (c) 27 (d) − ;, ;
4. 2? torr 5. (a) 1:. 3 yrs (b) Isolate g in: 5 = 5? (7. ?;) (isolate power term then convert to log form)
Page |227
3.6 Solving Logarithmic Equations and Log Scales
9. The pH levels of some common substances are shown on the Substance pH

chart to the right. Lemon Juice 2.2
(a) The formula for pH is given by "¦ = −9†$[¦• ] , Black Coffee
where ¦ • is the hydrogen ion concentration Milk 6.8
measured in moles/ litres. Determine the hydrogen Baking Soda 8.4
ion concentration of Lemon Juice, correct to two Ammonia
significant digits.
(b) How many times as alkaline is Baking Soda compared

to Milk? Round to the nearest whole number.
(c) Determine the pH level for Black Coffee, if it is 50 times

as acidic as Milk. Round to the nearest tenth.
(d) Determine the pH level for Ammonia, if it is 398 times

as alkaline as Baking Soda. Round to the nearest tenth.
(e) Determine the pH level for a substance that is half

as acidic as Lemon Juice. Round to the nearest tenth.
10. During a hockey game, two friends are having a conversation

that had a measured loudness of 62 dB.
(a) When the home team scored the cheering of the crowd peaked
at 96 dB. How many times greater was the intensity of the
crowed cheering compared to the friend’s conversation?
Round to the nearest whole number
(b) Two other fans are having a conversation that also measured
62 dB, from a point in between the two conversations.
Determine the combined measured loudness of the two
conversations. Round to the nearest whole number
(c) One fan brought a horn that produced an intensity of sound 15

times greater than the cheering crowd (96dB). Determine the
measured loudness of the horn. Round to the nearest whole number

6. A 7. B 8. (a) 6310 (b) 4.8 (c) 7.1 (d) 3.2
9. (a) 0.0063 moles / L (b) 40 times (c) 5.1 (d) 11.0 (e) 2.5 10. (a) 2512 times (b) 65 dB (c) 108 dB
Page |228
Chapter 3 Exponential Functions and Logarithms REVIEW
1. Use an algebraic process to solve each of the following equations. Verify your answers.
&•
&X# &XA )(8 &X
1
(a) 4 =1 (b) (16 )=
4
&
&•
3 8
(c) =
2 27
2. For each of the following exponential functions, state the (i) domain, (ii) range, and coordinates of any
(iii) -intercepts and (iv) -intercepts. Sketch each, be sure to include the asymptote. Try doing as much
as you can without using your graphing calculator! Use an algebraic process to determine any intercepts.
&XA
1 &
(a) ! =3 − 24 (b) $ = −5 2 + 40
2
i – Domain: i – Domain:
ii – Range: ii – Range:
iii – -int: iii – -int:
iv – -int: iv – -int:
Page |229
Chapter 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Review
3. The range of the exponential functions given by the graphs below are { | > 5, ∈ ℝ} for ! and
{ | v 48, ∈ ℝ} for $ . Determine an equation for each function, in the form = Q(R)& +].
(a) (b)
(0, 45)
(2, 23)
(0, 7) (−2, 0)
4. Evaluate each of the following logarithms. Try without using a log button on your calculator.
(a) 9†$# 81 (b) 9†$A~ 32 (c) 9†$B 0.125 (d) 9†$ # 27
1
(e) 9†$ ‰ 100 (f) 9†$C
125

!( ) HA at
1. (a) 3/2 2. (a) i - { ∈ ℝ} (b) i - { ∈ ℝ}
(0, 35) = 40
(b) 6/13 ii - { | > −24, ∈ ℝ} (−2, 0) ii - { | v 40, ∈ ℝ}
iii - (−2, 0) (0, −18) iii - (3, 0) (3, 0)
(c) −13/12 HA at
iv - (0, −18) = −24 iv - (0, 35) $( )
Page |230
5. Refer to #3 above. If Q and ] are both elements of the real numbers, where Q ≠ 0, ] ≠ 0, identify
which of the following scenarios provides an -intercept. Justify by providing a graph.
(a) Q > 0, ] > 0 (b) Q > 0, ] v 0 (c) Q v 0, ] > 0 (d) Q v 0, ] v 0
6. Solve each of the following for , without using a log button on your calculator.
1 4
(a) 9†$B 512 = (b) 9†$B = −3 (c) 9†$& =−
16 3
1 2
(d) 3 & = 729 (e) 4(2)&•A = (f) 9†$ ‡ =−
8 ˆ 3
27
(g) 9†$B 32 8 = (h) 9†$• =
3

&
&
1
3. (a) =2 3 +5 (b) = −3 + 48 4. (a) 2 (b) 0/2 (c) −;/1
4
(d) 3 (e) 1/; (f) −;/1
Page |231
7. Given the function ) * = T 2 *X7 + q, an expression for the -intercept is:
A. Q + ]
 Exam
Style
B. 4Q + ]
Q
C. +]
4
4
D. +]
Q
1
8. A student wishes to algebraically determine the -intercept of the function = 2( )&XA −32 . One of
8
steps in his correct solution lists the linear equation Q = −3 + R,
 Exam
Style where the values of Q and R are, respectively, ____ and ____ .
9. For the function ) * = r•+7⁄; (: − ;*), provide a detailed sketch, and

indicate the domain, range, asymptote, and coordinates of any intercepts.
Use an algebraic process to determine the graph characteristics, where applicable
state in exact values only.
10. The function ( = 1r•+l (U* − ;) ; 4 > 0, 4 ≠ 1, R ≠ 0 has a domain:
A. { | > R⁄3 , ∈ ℝ}
 Exam
Style
B. { | > R + 3, ∈ ℝ}
C. { | > 3 , ∈ ℝ}
D. { | > 3/R, ∈ ℝ}

5.
(b) YES, (c) YES, (d) No -int
(a) No -int -int -int
6. (a) :/1 (b) 7/32 (c) = (d) ;

(e) −:/1 (f) 2/: (g) 7;/2 (h) 7/2
Page |232
11. The function ( = r•+1 (U* + ?. 0) ; R ≠ 0 has a -intercept of:

A. 1/2
 Exam
Style
B. −1
C. R/2
D. −R
12. An exponential function ) * = T(;)* + - ; Q ≠ 0 has range of { > −18 , ∈ ℝ}, and an -int. at (2, 0).
A function = $( ) is obtained by vertically reflecting the graph of !( ) about the -axis, and horizontally
stretching it about the -axis by a factor of 3.
A function = ,( ) is obtained by reflecting the graph of !( ) about the line y = .
(a) Determine an equation for the
function = $( )
(b) State the range, and and

intercepts for = $( )
(c) Determine the equation for

the function = ,( )
(b) State the domain, and and

intercepts for = ,( )
13. The equation Tr•+U *( + ; = V can be written in exponential form as:

A. R yX# = • •
 Exam
Style
B. R yX# = •
C. R yX# =
Q
D. R yX# = Q &Ž

7. C 8. 43 9. Domain {*|* v ; , * ∈ ℝ} 10. D
Range {( ∈ ℝ}
Vert. Asym: at * = ;
(8/3, 0)
-intercept (=/;, ?) (0, −2) V.A. at
-intercept (?, −1) *=;
Page |233
14. The expression (01r•+* )(01r•+* ) can be written in exponential form as:
A. 5( –—˜&)ƒ
 Exam
Style Š
B. 5(–—˜&)
Š)
C. 5(–—˜ &
D. 5–—˜( &ƒ)
15. A function ) * = r•+1 * is transformed by horizontally stretching the graph about the line = 0
by a factor of 1/8. Show how this transformation can also be obtained by vertically translating the
graph of !( ) by a factor of - and state the value of -.
16. The graph of ( = r•+7 (* + =) is transformed to ( = )(*) with the following transformations applied:
1
- A horizontal stretch by a factor of 2

- A reflection about the -axis
- A translation 2 units to the left
Use an algebraic process to determine each of the

following characteristics of = !( )
(a) Domain (b) -intercept (c) -intercept
17. NR If r•+7/2 5 = ?. 10 and §}V¨ = 5, then the largest value of © on [0, 2ª)
•«
Exam has the form , where the value of Q is ____ (first digit of your answer) and
 Style
u
the value of R is (second digit).

*/;
11. B 12. (a) + * = −1 ; + 7= (b) Range {(|( v 7=, ( ∈ ℝ} -int. (3, ?) -int. (?, 73)
13. A 7
(c) - * = r•+; [1 * + 7= ] (d) Domain {*|* > −7=, * ∈ ℝ} -int. (−73, ?) -int. (?, 1)
Page |234
18. Write each of the following expressions as simplified single logarithms.

1 B¬
9†$u S 1 ~
(a) 59†$u Q − −3 (b) 29†$( )− 9†$ − 9†$( ¬ )
2 2 9 3
19. If r•+; J = l, then find an expression for each of the following:

‰
#
27 ‘
(a) 9†$# (9‘ ) (b) 9†$# ( ) (c) 9†$# ( )
‘ 3
20. Given that r•+2 J = 11 and r•+2 K = 1?, evaluate each of the following:
32‘# ‘
(a) 9†$B (16‘G ) (b) 9†$B (c) 9†$B
G Š
8 G

14. C
15. Apply horiz. stretch ( = r•+1 (=*)  ( = r•+1 = + r•+1 *  ( = ; + r•+1 * Same as a vert. translation 3 up
16. (a) {*|* v 72 , * ∈ ℝ} (b) (71, ?) (c) (?, r•+?.0 @) 17. @2
Page |235
21. If r•+1 ; = 2*, r•+1 0 = ;(, and r•+ 1 b; = 71, determine an expression for each of the following:
B 75
(a) 9†$ (45e ) (b) 9†$ (2700 e ) (c) 9†$
8e
22. Use an algebraic process to solve the equation 3 4&•A = 60,

correct to the nearest hundredth.
Verify graphically on your calculator.
23. For the equation 31* = 7?*X1 , use an algebraic process to:
(a) Determine an approximate solutions,

correct to the nearest hundredth.
(b) The exact solution can be written

9†$‘
in the form −
G
9†$
®
Determine the values of ‘, G, and ®.

T0
18. (a) r•+U (b) r•+ ;(2 -7/3
U; V7/1
; 1
19. (a) ;l + 1 (b) − 1l (c) l−7
1 ;
20. (a) 32 (b) 2=. 0 (c) 2. 0
Page |236
24. The number of hours, ¦, that cream stays fresh decreases exponentially as the temperature of the
surrounding air, e (in °®) increases. The relationship is ¦ = 160(0.1)_._#ˆ€ .
(a) Determine how long cream will stay fresh
if it is kept at 2°®, correct o the nearest
whole hour.
(b) If cream is left out in a room stays fresh for

16 hours, use an algebraic process to
determine the temperature of the room,
correct to the nearest tenth of a degree.
25. A radioactive substance is decaying at rate of 1.15% every hour.

(a) If initially there is 100% of a sample, set up and
algebraically solve an equation to determine how
long it would take to decay to half the initial amount,
correct to the nearest tenth of an hour.
(b) Use your result from (a) to determine an alternative

exponential decay function, in the form ‘ = 100(R)•/Ÿ ,
where the initial amount is multiplied by R every " hours.
(c) In (a) and (b) above we saw that we can model the
amount the substance decays to using two different
types of equations, each with a different value for R.
Use each to predict how much of the substance will
remain after 24 hours, correct to the nearest whole
percentage.
26. The effective percentage of oxygen in the air decreases as a function

of altitude. At sea level (0 km elevation), the oxygen count is 20.9,
while on top of Mount Everest (8.85 km) the oxygen count is 6.9.
Fill in the blank: Every _____ km in altitude, the effective percentage
of oxygen in the air decreases by half. Round to the nearest tenth.

21. (a) =* + ;( + = (b) 71* + 3( + 2 (c) 1* + ;( − @ 22. * ≈ 7. 73
23. (a) x = −3.60 (b) J = 7??, K = 7=, L = 0 RTD Learning PowerMath
Page |237
27. A $1000 investment is made in a fund that promises the invested

amount will double in 9 years.
(a) If that rate of return continues, set up and algebraically
solve an equation to predict how long it will take for
the investment to reach $5000. (Nearest tenth of a yr)
(b) Use an algebraic process to determine the average

annual rate of return (nearest tenth of a %) for the
investment, if it is compounded:
i Annually i Monthly
28. Use an algebraic process to solve each of the following equations.

(a) 9†$( + 5) − 9†$( + 1) = 9†$3 (b) 9†$B − 4 + 9†$B +2 =2
29. Earthquake A measured 7.2 on the Richter Scale.

Determine the magnitude of Earthquake B, if it had one-third
the intensity of Earthquake A. Round to the nearest tenth.
30. Two friends are having a discussion about Donald Trump. At the start of their conversation the intensity
of sound for their discussion measured 59 dB. Near the end, the conversation had 25 times the sound
intensity. Determine the decibel level of their conversation near the end, to the nearest whole number.
Answers to Review Questions from Previous Page and this page

24. (a) 7;2 hrs (b) 13. ;°C 26. 0. 0 km
25. (a) Solve: 0? = 7??(?. :==0)  ≈ 0:. : hrs (b) Alternative equation: J = 7??(7/1) ±0:.:
12±
(c) Evaluate: ² = 7??(?. :==0)12 and J = 7??(7/1) 0:.: .  Both give ≈ @3%
27. (a) 1?. : yrs (b) i =. ?% ii =. ;% 28. (a) 7 (b) 3 29. 3. @ on Richter 30. @; dB
Page |238
1. For each of the functions given below, use transformations to construct a mapping rule for transformation
from the basic graph and sketch the graph. Then, use algebraic processes to determine the indicated
graph characteristics.
7
(a) ) * = * + 73 − 7
1
i Mapping Rule:
ii Domain:
iii Range:
iv -intercept:
v -intercept:
(b) + * = −;* + : − 7
i Mapping Rule:
ii Domain:
iii Range:
iv -intercept:
As an exact value
v -intercept:
(c) - * = −1 * + 2 + 7
i Mapping Rule:
ii Domain:
iii Range:
iv -intercept:
v -intercept:
2. For each of the radical functions below, use algebraic processes to determine the indicated graph
characteristics.
(a) ) * = −; * + : + 1
i Domain:
i Range:
iii -intercept:
Exact value
iv -intercept:
(b) ) * = − −1(* − 2) + 3
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii -intercept:
iv -intercept:
Exact value
(c) ) * = 1 ;* − 3 − 71
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii -intercept:
iv -intercept:
1 ii {*|* ≥ −73 , * ∈ ℝ}
1. (a) i ( , ) → ( − 16 , − 1)
2 (20, 2)
(0, 1) iii {(|( ≥ −7 , ( ∈ ℝ}
(−12 , 0) ( = )(*)
(0, 0) → (−16 , −1)
iv (−71, ?)
1
(1, 1) → (7 − 16 , (7) − 1) (−16, −1) v (?, 7)
2
→ (−15, −0.5) And so on…
1
(b) i ( , ) → (− + 3 , − 1) (c) i ( , ) → ( − 4 , − 2 + 1)
3 ( = +(*)
ii { | ≤ 3 , ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≥ −4 , ∈ ℝ} (−4, 1)
(−9 , 5) (0, 2)
iii { | ≥ −1, ∈ ℝ} (8/3, 0) iii { | ≤ 1, ∈ ℝ}
15 (0, −3)
iv (8/3, 0) iv (−15/4, 0) (− , 0) (5, −5)
(3, −1) 4
v (0, 2) v (0, −3)
( = -(*)
4.1 The Radical Function
3. For the radical function below, use algebraic processes to determine the indicated characteristics.
) * = ?. 0 * + : − 7
ii Domain:
iii Range:
iv -intercept:
v -intercept:
4. Consider the range of the radical function ) * = T 1* + U + V, where Q, R, S ∈ |, Q ≠ 0.

Provide two possible versions of the range and provide conditions for each.
5. Provide a possible radical function that satisfies the conditions in each of the following:
(a) The domain is [−4, ∞) (b) The domain is (−∞, 1] (c) The domain is (−∞, 0]
and the range is (−∞, 0] and the range is (−∞, −5] and the range is [2, ∞)
Answers to practice questions on previous page

2. (a) i { | ≥ −9 , ∈ ℝ} (b) i { | ≤ 4 , ∈ ℝ} (c) i { | ≥ 2 , ∈ ℝ}
ii { | ≤ 2, ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≤ 6, ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≥ −12, ∈ ℝ}
iii (−77/9, 0) iv (0, −7) iii (−14, 0) iv (0, − 8 + 6) iii (14, 0) iv no y-intercept
Page |246
6. Each of the following graphs represents a radical function. All points marked () have integer coordinates.
Determine an equation for each, in the form stated.
(a) In the form = R( − ℎ) + , (b) In the form =Q −ℎ+,
7. The graph of the radical function shown below has an equation that can be written =Q − ℎ + ,.
NR The value of Q for the equation, correct to the nearest tenth, is ____.
 Exam
Style
8. An expression representing the zero of the function ) * = −1 * + T + U is:
 Exam A. R − Q
Style 4
Q
B. −R
4
R
C. −Q
2
Q
D. −R
2
Answers to practice questions on previous page

3. i { | ≥ −9 , ∈ ℝ} ii { | ≥ −1, ∈ ℝ} iii (−5 , 0) iv (0 , 0.5)
4. If T v ?, range is { ≤ S , ∈ ℝ} If T > ?, range is { ≥ S , ∈ ℝ}
5. (a) A possible function: ( = − * + 2 (b) A possible function: (c) A possible function:
Note: “Q” can be any non-zero value, such as = −3 +4 (=− − *−7 −0 ( = −* + 1
4.1 The Radical Function
9. An expression representing the -intercept of the function ) * = T U* + 1 − V ; Q ≠ 0 , R ≠ 0, is:
 Exam
Style
A. 2R Q − S
B. 2Q−S
C. 2Q − S
D. 2QR − S
10. An expression representing the domain of the function ) * = T 1* + U + V ; Q ≠ 0, is:
A. { ≥ − S ⁄Q , ∈ ℝ}
 Exam
Style
B. { ≥ −R/2, ∈ ℝ}
C. { ≥ −Q/S, ∈ ℝ}
D. { ≥ − 2 ⁄R , ∈ ℝ}
QR
11. The graph of =4 − 5 − 3 has a -intercept at (4, 0), where the simplest fraction form of 4 is .
S]
NR The values of Q, R, S, and ] are, respectively, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
 Exam
Style
Answers to practice questions on previous page and this page

6. (a) ( = −;(* − 0) + 7 (b) ( = 1 * − 7 − 0 7. 0.5 8. A
9. B 10. B 11. 8916
Page |248
1. For each of the following points on the graph of = !( ), state the coordinates of the corresponding
point on the graph of = !( ), if it exits. State as exact values where applicable.
(a) (4, 9) (b) (1, 10) (c) (10, 1) (d) (−4, 0)
1
(e) (0, −4) (f) (2, ) (g) (−5, −16) (h) (4, e)
4
2. For each of the following points on the graph of = !( ) , state the coordinates of the corresponding
point on the graph of = !( ). State as exact values where applicable.
1
(a) (1, 4) (b) (4, 1) (c) (0, ) (d) (−5, 25)
9
1
(e) (5, 0.6) (f) (− , 0) (g) (1, 2) (h) (4, e)
2
3. For each of the following points on the graphs of = !( ), i - sketch the graph of $( ) = !( ), and
provide the indicated graph characteristics.
(a) ! =2 +4
ii $( ) domain
iii $( ) range
iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pts
(b)
ii $( ) domain
iii $( ) range
iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pts
! =− +9
4.2 The Square Root of a Function
provide the indicated graph characteristics. Where applicable, use algebraic process to determine.
! = −1
(a)
ii $( ) domain iii $( ) range
iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pts (exact values)
(b) ! = ( − 3)
iv $( ) -int.
(c) ! = ( + 1) −4
iv $( ) -int.
5. Given ! = 2( + 3) −18, use an algebraic process to determine (a) the domain of = !( ), and
(b) the coordinates of any invariant points.
Answers to practice questions from previous page

1. (a) (4, 3) (b) (1, 10) (c) (10, 1) (d) (−4, 0) (e) undefined (f) (2, 1/2) (g) undefined (h) (4, e)
2. (a) (1, 16) (b) (4, 1) (c) (0, 1/81) (d) (−5, 625) (e) (5, 0.36) (f) (−1/2, 0) (g) (1, 2) (h) (4, e )
3. (a) i ii Where ! ≥0: (b) i =! ii Where ! ≥0:

{ ≥ −2, ∈ ℝ} { ≤ 9, ∈ ℝ}
=!
iii { ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} iii { ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ}
iv (0, 2) iv (0, 3)
(= )(*) (= )(*)
v (−2, 0) and (−1.5, 1) v (9, 0) and (8, 1)
For -coord. here, 2 + 4 = 1
set ! =0… 2 = −3
= −3/2
Page |256
provide the indicated graph characteristics. Where applicable, use algebraic process to determine.
(a) ! = −( − 2) + 16
iv $( ) -int.
(b) ! = ( − 3) +1
iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pt(s)
(c) ! = ( − 2) +3
iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pt(s)
Answers to practice questions from previous page

4. (a) i =! =!
=!
(= )(*) (= )(*)
(= )(*)
ii { ≤ −1 or ≥ 1, ∈ ℝ} ii { ∈ ℝ} iii { ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} ii { ≤ −3 or ≥1 ∈ ℝ}
iii { ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} iv n/a iv (0, 3) v 2, 1 , 3, 0 , and (4, 1) iii { ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} iv no -int.
−1, 0 , 1, 0 , (− 2, 1) and( 2, 1) v (− 5 − 1, 1), −3, 0 , (1, 0)
5. (a) { ≤ −6 or ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} and( 5 − 1, 1)
v For -coords. here, set ! =1
−1=1  =2 =± 2 (b) (−6, 0), (− 19⁄2 − 3, 1), (0, 0) and ( 19⁄2 − 3, 1)
4.2 The Square Root of a Function
provide the indicated graph characteristics.
(a) (b)
= !( ) ii $( ) domain ii $( ) domain
iii $( ) range = !( ) iii $( ) range
iv $( ) -int. iv $( ) -int.
v invariant pts v invariant pts
1
8. The graph of ! + 2 is transformed to = !( ). The invariant points are at (Q, R) and (S, ]).
=−
3
NR The values of Q, R, S, and ] are, respectively, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
 Exam
Style
9. The function = !( ), shown below, is transformed to = !( ). The number of invariant points is:
 Exam A. 2
Style
B. 3 =!
C. 5
D. 6
Answers to practice questions from previous page and this page

6. (a) i (b) i =! (c) i =!
=!
(= )(*) (= )(*)
(= )(*)
(2, 3)
ii {−2 ≤ ≤ 6, ∈ ℝ} ii { ∈ ℝ} ii { ∈ ℝ}
iii {0 ≤ ≤ 4, ∈ ℝ} iv (0, 2 3)
iii { ≥ 1, ∈ ℝ} iv (0, 10) iii { ≥ 3, ∈ ℝ} iv (0, 7)
v −2, 0 , 6, 0 , (− 15 + 2, 1) v 3, 1 only one invariant pt. v No invariant points (graph of !( )
and ( 15 + 2, 1) is never 0 or 1
7. (a) i =! ii {−4 ≤ ≤ 8, ∈ ℝ} (b) i ii { ≥ −3, ∈ ℝ}

iii {0 ≤ ≤ 4, ∈ ℝ} iii {0 ≤ ≤ 3, ∈ ℝ}
=!
iv (0, 2 2) iv (0, 3)
(= )(*) v (−4, 0) and (−3.5, 1) v (−3, 0) and (−2, 1)
(= )(*)
Graph becomes
horizontal when ≥6
8. 3160 or 6031 9. C
Page |258
1. For each of the following rational functions, use reasoning / an algebraic process to determine the
(i) domain, (ii) range, (iii) equation of any asymptotes, and (iv) coordinates of any or intercepts.
Finally, (v) sketch the graph on the grid provided, labeling all graph characteristics.
2
(a) = − +3
+4
3
(b) = −5
+2
!( )
2. For each of the functions above, convert the equation to the form = , where ! and $ are linear
$( )
functions. Describe how the graph characteristics relate to the new equation form.
2 3
(a) =− +3 (b) = −5
+4 +2
Page |266
2 +3
(a) =
−2
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii V.A. :
H.A. :
iv -int:
-int:
−4
(b) =
+3
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii V.A. :
H.A. :
iv -int:
-int:
2 H.A. at 1. (a) i - Domain is { ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ}
1. (a) = +3
+4 =3
ii - Range is { ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ}
V.A. at = −4.
iii - V.A. at = −4 , H.A. at =3
(0, 2.5)
2 3( + 4) iv - *-int … set = 0 and (−10/3 , 0)
2. (a) =− +
+ 4 ( + 4) solve: (− 10⁄3 , 0)
(-int … set = 0 and
3 + 10 evaluate: (0, 5/2)
Simplifies to…. =
+4
1. (b) i - Domain is { ≠ −2, ∈ ℝ}
V.A. (and domain) comes from factor on
bottom …  + 4 = 0 V.A. at * = −2 ii - Range is { ≠ −5, ∈ ℝ}
; + 10
(−7/5 , 0)
H.A. (and range) comes from ratio = iii - V.A. at = −2 , H.A. at = −5
of leading coefficients … = 3 7 +4 (0, −3.5)
-int. comes from factor on iv - *-int … set = 0 and
top …  3 + 10 = 0 solve: (− 7⁄5 , 0)
3(0) + 10 (-int … set = 0 and
-int. set = 0…  =
(0) + 4 evaluate: (0, −7/2)
−5 − 7 V.A. (and domain) comes from factor -int. comes from factor on top …
2. (b) Simplifies to…. = on bottom …  V.A. at * = −1  −5 − 7 = 0 … -int is (@⁄0 , ?)
+2
H.A. (and range) comes from ratio -int. set = 0… −5 0 − 7
of leading coefficients … ( = −0 =
 -int is (?, −@/1) (0) + 2
4.3 The Rational Function
3 +5
(a) =
2 −4
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii V.A. :
H.A. :
iv -int:
-int:
4
(b) =
3 + 12
i Domain:
ii Range:
iii V.A. :
H.A. :
iv -int:
-int:

2 +3 -int at 2 + 3 = 0 (a) i - Domain is { ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
3. (a) =
−2
V.A. at −2=0 ii - Range is { ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
H.A. at = 2 (ratio of leading coefficients) iii - V.A. at = 2 , H.A. at =2
1 +3 For -intercept set =0
= iv - *-int: (−3⁄2 , 0) (−3/2 , 0)
7 −2 2(0) + 3
= (-int: (0, −3/2)
0 −2 (0, −3/2)
(b) i - Domain is { ≠ −3 ∈ ℝ}
−4 -int at −4 = 0
(b) = ii - Range is { ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ}
+3 V.A. at +3=0 (0, 0)
iii - V.A. at = −3 , H.A. at = −4
−4(0)
-intercept: =
H.A. at = −4 0 +3 iv - *-int: (0, 0)
(ratio of leading coefficients) (-int: (0, 0)
Page |268
−6 −3( + 1)
(a) = (b) =
2 −5 2 +7
i Domain: i Domain:
ii Range: ii Range:
iii V.A. : iii V.A. :

H.A. : H.A. :
iv -int: iv -int:
-int: -int:
6. The graph below represents a rational function that can be

Q
written in the form ! = , where $ is a linear function.
$( )
The graph passes through the point 1, 1 .
Determine an equation for = !( ).
Note: The vertical and horizontal

asymptotes occur at integer values.

3 +5 -int at 3 + 5 = 0 (a) i - Domain is { ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
4. (a) =
2 −4
V.A. at 2 − 4 = 0 ii - Range is { ≠ 3/2, ∈ ℝ}
H.A. at ( = ;/1 (ratio of leading iii - V.A. at = 2 , H.A. at = 3/2
coefficients) H.A. at = 1.5
; +5 For -intercept set =0
= iv - *-int: (−5⁄3 , 0) (−5/3 , 0)
1 −4 3(0) + 5
= (-int: (0, −5/4)
3 0 −4 (0, −5/4)
No -int as “top” can (b) i - Domain is { ≠ −4 ∈ ℝ}

4 never be zero
(b) = ii - Range is { ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ}
3 + 12 V.A. at 3 + 12 = 0 (0, 1/3)
iii - V.A. at = −4 , H.A. at =0
4
-intercept: =
H.A. at = 0 3 0 + 12 iv - *-int: e/Q
(since “higher degree on the bottom”) (-int: (0, 1/3)
4.3 The Rational Function
7. Given the graph of the rational function = !( ) shown on the right,

Q
(a) Determine an equation in the form = +,
−ℎ
1
(0, − )
3
!( )
(b) Determine an equation in the form = ,
$( )
where ! and $ are linear functions.
!( )
8. Given each of the rational function graphs below, (i) Determine the equation, in the form =
$( )
Note: Any -intercepts or and vertical
asymptotes occur at integer values. (ii) State the equation of the horizontal asymptote
(iii) Determine the coordinates of the -intercept
(a) (b) (c)

(2, 4)
(5, 2)
(5, −6)

5. (a) i - Domain is { | ≠ 5/2, ∈ ℝ} (b) i - Domain is { | ≠ −7/2 ∈ ℝ} −2
6. =
−3
ii - Range is { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} ii - Range is { | ≠ −3/2, ∈ ℝ}
2
iii - V.A. at = 5/2 , H.A. at =0 iii - V.A. at = −7/2 , H.A. at = −3/2 7. (a) = −1
+3
iv - *-int: e/Q iv - *-int: (−1, 0)
−( + 1)
(-int: (0, 6/5) (-int: (0, −3/7) (b) =
+3
−3( + 1) 2( − 2) 4
8. (a) i = (b) i = (c) i =
−2 3( − 4) −1
ii = −3 iii (0, 1.5) ii = 2/3 iii (0, 1/3) ii =0 iii (0, −4)
Page |270
1. For each of the following rational functions, use reasoning / an algebraic process to determine the (i) domain,
(ii) equation of any vertical asymptote, (iii) coordinates of any -intercept, (iv) any -intercept, and (v)
equation of any horizontal asymptote and (vi) the range of the function. Finally, (vii) sketch the graph on the
grid provided labeling all stated characteristics.
−4
(a) =
−4 −5
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
8
(b) =
−2 −8
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
2 +1
(c) =
4 + 17 − 15
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
4.4 Further Analysis of Rational Functions
2. For the following rational function, use reasoning / an algebraic process to determine the (i) domain, (ii)
equation of any vertical asymptote, (iii) coordinates of any -intercept, (iv) any -intercept, and (v) equation
of any horizontal asymptote and (vi) the range of the function. Finally, use your graphing calc to help (vii)
sketch the graph on the grid provided labeling all stated characteristics.
−4 + 8
=
+3 −4
Hint: You will need your calculator

to determine both a MAX and a MIN
(round to nearest hundredth)
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
1. (a) i - Domain is { | ≠ −1, 5, ∈ ℝ} (b) i - Domain is { | ≠ −2, ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ} V.A. at
= −2
ii - V.A.s at = −1 and =5 ii - V.A.s at = −2 and =4
iii - *-int: e†et iii - *-int: (0, 0) H.A. at =0 (0,0)
iv - (-int: (0, 4/5) iv - (-int: (0, 0)

v - H.A. at =0 v - H.A. at =0
V.A. at
A =4
vi - Range is { | v 0 or ≥ , ∈ ℝ} vi - Range is { ∈ ℝ}
•
# Math30-1power.com
V.A. at V.A. at (c) i - Domain is { | ≠ −5, ≠ B, ∈ ℝ}
= −1 =5 # V.A. at
ii - V.A.s at = −5 and =B = −5
H.A. at =0 A 1
1 iii - *-int: (− , 0) H.A. at (− , 0)
(2, ) A =0 2
9 iv - (-int: (0, − AC)
v - H.A. at =0 1
Use CALC to determine coords. (0, − )
15
of this local min (for RANGE) vi - Range is { ∈ ℝ}
V.A. at
= 3/4
Page |282
(ii) equation of any vertical asymptote, (iii) coordinates of any -intercept, (iv) any -intercept, and (v)
equation of any horizontal asymptote and (vi) the range of the function. Finally, use your graphing calc to help
(vii) sketch the graph on the grid provided labeling all stated characteristics.
3 −3 −6 2 −4
(a) = (b) =
2 − 32 3 − 5 − 12
i Domain i Domain
ii V.A. ii V.A.
iii -int: iii -int:
iv -int: iv -int:
v H.A. v H.A.
vi Range: vi Range:
Hint: Round any calc values

to the nearest hundredth

2. i - Domain is { | ≠ −4, 1, ∈ ℝ} iii - *-int: (2, 0) v - H.A. at =0
ii - V.A.s at = −4 and =1 iv - (-int: (0, −2) vi - Range { | ≤ −1.90 or ≥ −0.34, ∈ ℝ}
V.A. at V.A. at
= −4 =1
(4.45, −0.34)
Use CALC to determine
H.A. at or
(2, 0) coords. local max and (graph crosses
=0
the H.A. here!)
(−0.45, −1.90) local min (for RANGE) 
Range for lower part of And for the upper part

graph is ≤ −1.90 it’s ≥ −0.34
(ii) nature of discontinuities (vertical asymptote or point of discontinuity), (iii) -intercept, and (iv) the range.
Finally, use your graphing calc to help (v) sketch the graph, labeling all stated characteristics.
2 − − 10
(a) =
+2
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:
−2
(b) =
3 − − 10
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:
3 −3
(c) =
+3 −4
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:

3. (a) i - Domain is { | ≠ ±4, ∈ ℝ} v - H.A. at = 3/2 V.A. at V.A. at
= −4 =4
ii - V.A.s at = −4 and =4 vi - Range { | ≤ 0.22 or > 3/2, ∈ ℝ}
(0.58, 0.22)
iii *-int: (−1, 0) & (2, 0) iv (-int: (0, 3/16) H.A. at
= 3/2
(2, 0)
(−1, 0) 3
(b) i - Domain is { | ≠ −4/3, ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ} (0, )
16
ii - V.A.s at = −4/3 and =3

H.A.
iii - *-ints: (0, 0) and (2, 0) Use CALC to determine
coords. of the local max
iv - (-int: (0, 0)
(1.05, 0.14) (0.58, 0.22) for RANGE
v - H.A. at = 2/3
V.A. at V.A. at
vi - Range { | ≤ 0.14 or > 2/3, ∈ ℝ} = −4/3 =3
Page |284
(ii) nature of discontinuities (vertical asymptote or point of discontinuity), (iii) -intercept, and (iv) the range.
Finally, use your graphing calc to help (v) sketch the graph, labeling all stated characteristics.
3 +8
(a) =
6 + 7 − 24
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:
2 − 18
(b) =
+ 2 − 15
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:
20 − − 12
(c) =
5 + 11 − 12
i Domain
ii Nature of
discontinuities
iii -int:
iv Range:

4. (a) i - Domain is { | ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ} (b) i - Domain is { | ≠ −5/3, ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
ii - P.D. at = −2 …. pt (−2, −9) ii - P.D. at = −2 and V.A. at = −5/3
(2.5, 0)
A
iii *-int: (2.5, 0) iii *-int: e†et iv - Range { | ≠ 0, ≠ AA , ∈ ℝ}
iv - Range { | ≠ −9, ∈ ℝ} V.A. at

= −5/3
(c) i - Domain is { | ≠ −4, ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ} P.D. at P.D. at =2
=1
ii - P.D. at = 1 and V.A. at = −4
iii *-int: e†et
# V.A. at
iv - Range { | ≠ 0, ≠ C, ∈ ℝ}
= −4
6. For the graphs of each of the following rational functions, any asymptotes or -intercepts occur at integer
values, unless otherwise indicated.
i - Determine an equation for each function, in factored form, and ii – in expanded form
iii – Determine the range of each function. Use technology where necessary, round to the nearest hundredth.
(a) (b) (c)

10
(0, )
3
(4, −2)
(−1, −1)
(d) (e) (f)

3
(0, )
(4,5/4) 5
3
( , 0)
2
8
(−2, )
3

5. (a) i - Domain is { | ≠ − ˆ , ≠ # , ∈ ℝ} V.A. at (b) i - Domain is { | ≠ −5, ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ}
# = 3/2
ii - P.D. at = −8/3, V.A. at = 3/2 ii - P.D. at = 3 and V.A. at = −5
iii *-int: e†et iii *-int: (−3,0)
P.D. at H.A. at #
iv - Range { | ≠ −
#
, ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} = −8/3 =0 iv - Range { | ≠ , ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ}
C
V.A. at = −5
(c) i - Domain is { | ≠ −3, B
≠ , ∈ ℝ} H.A. at =2
C P.D. at
B = 4/5
ii - P.D. at = and V.A. at = −3
C
H.A. at =4
P.D. at =3
#
iii *-int: (− B , 0) (−3, 0)
#A (−0.75, 0)
iv - Range { | ≠ A• , ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ} V.A. at
= −3
Page |286
7. The simplified form a rational function is ! = 4 − 3 ; ≠ e, where e ∈ | and the range of = !( ) is

{ | ≠ −19, ∈ ℝ}.
Q +R +S
Before simplifying, the equation for !( ) could be written in the form ! = ; Q, R, S, ] ∈ |.
+]
NR The value of R in the pre-simplified
 Exam
Style equation of !( ) is _____.
Use the following information to answer question 8.
= !( ) The equation of a function = !( ), shown on the left, can be

written in the form
5 Q +Q
(4, )
4 ! =
+R −S
(−1, 0)
8. The values of Q and S are, respectively:

 Exam
Style
A. 2, 4
B. 4, 2
C. 8, 4
D. 4, 8

−5 −4( + 5) −3( − 2)( + 2)
6. (a) i = (b) i = (c) i =
( − 4) ( + 3)( − 2) ( − 2)( + 5)
−5 −4 − 20 −3 + 12
ii = ii = ii =
−4 + −6 + 3 − 10
See notes below
iii { | v 0 or ≥ 5/4, ∈ ℝ} iii { | ≤ 0.24 or ≥ 2.64, ∈ ℝ} iii { | ≠ −3 , ≠ −12/7, ∈ ℝ}
Math30-1power.com
(2 − 3)( + 2) (4 )( + 3) −3( + 3)
(d) i = (e) i = (f) i =
3( − 3)( + 4) ( + 3)( − 1) ( + 3)( − 5)
2 + −6 4 + 12 −3 − 9
ii = ii = ii =
3 + 3 − 36 +2 −3 − 2 − 15
iii { | ≤ 0.17 or > 2/3, ∈ ℝ} iii { | ≠ 3, ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ} iii { | ≠ 0, ≠ 3/8, ∈ ℝ}
Note 1: (for b) There is a barely discernable local maximum point at (−8.74, 0.24)
(as the graph crosses the H.A. at the x-intercept!)
Note 2: (also for b) Range can be expressed in interval notation as −∞, 0.24 ∪ [2.64, ∞)
Where the ∪ is “UNION”, which is outside the curriculum.
Use the following information to answer question 9
!( ) Given the graph of the polynomial functions !( ) and $( ) on

the right, the function ℎ( ) is defined:
$( ) !( )
ℎ =
$( )
(−1/2, 0)
9. The range of = ℎ( ) is:

 Exam
Style
A. { | ≠ 0, ≠ 7, ∈ ℝ}
B. { | ≠ −1/2, ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ}
C. { | ≠ 0, ≠ −3, ∈ ℝ}
D. { | ≠ −1/2, ≠ 7, ∈ ℝ}

Q( + R)
The characteristics of the graph of !( ) = ; Q, R, S, ] ∈ | 1 −R 5 Q/2
2 − 2R
can be described using the codes, numbered 1 through 8, contained in 2 R 6 0
the shaded box. 3 Q 7 1
4 Q/R 8 not applicable
10. NR The graph of = !( ) has a horizontal asymptote at = _____, an -intercept

 Exam
Style
at = _____ , and a point of discontinuity at = _____.
11. 2 −7 +3
 Exam
Style
The graph of ! =
10 − 11 + 3
has a vertical asymptote at:
A. = 1/2 and =3
B. = 1/2 and = 3/5
C. = 3/5
D. = 1/2

7. 13 8. D 9. A 10. 681 11. C
Page |288
Chapter 4 Radical and Rational Functions REVIEW
1. For a function defined by = −3 2 + 3 + 5,

(a) Use an algebraic process to determine the
domain of the function.
(b) State the range of the function. Describe which parameters

of the equation are needed to determine the range.
(c) Use algebraic processes to determine the

and -intercepts. Exact values where applicable
2. NR A function has a domain [− 4⁄3, ∞), a range [−3, ∞), and has an -intercept (0, 1).
 Exam
Style An equation of the function can be written in the form = Q 3 + R − S ; Q, R, S ∈ |.
The values of Q, R, and S are, respectively, ____, ____, and ____.

= !( )
(a) Determine an equation for the function, in the
form = R( − ℎ) + , where R, ℎ, , ∈ |.
(−1, 2)
(b) Use an algebraic process to determine the

and -intercepts. Exact values where applicable
4 – Radical and Rational Functions Review
4. The function = −Q R + S has a domain:

 Exam
Style
A. [−S, ∞)
B. [− S ⁄R, ∞)
C. [−R, ∞)
D. [− R⁄S, ∞)
5. For each given graph of = !( ), (i) sketch the graph of = !( ), and use algebraic processes to determine
the indicated graph characteristics. Label any invariant points and at least two other points on your graph.
(a) i ! =2 −4 ii Domain of y= f(x)
iii Range y= f(x)
Coords. of
iv invariant pts:
1
! = ( − 1) −8
2
(b) i
ii Domain of y= f(x)
iii Range y= f(x)
Coords. of
iv invariant pts:
#
1. (a) [− , ∞) (b) (−∞, 5] graph “opens down” since Q = −3 is negative, basic graph of = ,
A which has a range [0, ∞), is vertically translated 5 units up.
(c) x-int: (− , 0) y-int: (0, −3 3 + 5)
•
2. 243 3. (a) !( ) = −5 −4 −3 (b) x−int: (11/5,0) y−int: (0, 2 5)
Page |290
6. Given the function ! =2 − 18, use an algebraic process to determine the domain of = !( ).

(Q, R)
The graph of = ! , shown on the
= !( ) 1 [0, R] 6 [ R, Q]
right, is transformed to = !( ).
2 2 7 [R, Q]
The graph characteristics can be (0, 0) (R, 0) 3 [0, Q] 8 [0, ∞)
described using the codes, numbered 1
through 8, contained in the shaded box. 4 4 9 [0, R]
5 −∞, 0 ∪ [R, ∞)
7. NR In the transformation from = !( ) to = !( ) there are ____ invariant points.

 Exam
Style first digit
The graph of = !( ) has a domain ____ and a range ____.

second digit third digit
8. Given the graph of = !( ) on the right, the graph ( = )(*)

 Exam
Style of = !( ) will have invariant points at:
A G
A. A, B, F, and G
B. B and F
C. B, D, and F B F
C E
D. B, C, D, E, and F D

4. B
!( ) ii { | ≤ −3 or
(b) i = ≥ 5, ∈ ℝ}
5. (a) i ii [2, ∞)
= !( ) iii [0, ∞) iii { | ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ}
(2.5, 1)
iv (−3 2 + 1, 1), (−3, 0),
(2, 0) iv (2, 0) and (2.5, 1)
(−3 2 + 1, 1) (5, 0), and (3 2 + 1, 1)
(5, 0)
(−3, 0)
(3 2 + 1, 1)
9. For each of the following rational functions, state the indicated characteristics, using an algebraic process
where appliable. Sketch each graph on the grid provided, fully labeling all key points and asymptotes.
2
(a) = −4
−1
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
3 +6
(b) =
4 −5
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
3
(c) =−
2 − 32
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:

6. { | ≤ −3 or ≥ 3, ∈ ℝ} 7. 419 8. C
Page |292
2 +3
(a) =
+4 −5
i Domain
ii V.A.
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
8 − 32
(b) =
3 − 7 − 20
i Domain
ii Graph at non-permissible
value(s) (V.A. or P.D..)
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:

9. (a) i - { | ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ} (b) i - { | ≠ 5/4, ∈ ℝ} (c) i - { | ≠ ±4 , ∈ ℝ}
ii - V.A. at =1 ii - V.A. at = 5/4 ii - V.A. at = ±4
iii - *-int: (1.5, 0) iii - *-int: (−2, 0) iii - *-int: n/a
iv - (-int: (0, −6) iv - (-int: (0, −6/5) iv - (-int: (0, 3/32)
iv - H.A. at = −4 iv - H.A. at = 3/4 iv - H.A. at =0
iv - { | ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ} iv - { | ≠ 3/4, ∈ ℝ} iv - { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ}
V.A. at V.A. at
(2.5, 0) = −4 =4
H.A. at = 3/4
H.A. at =0
H.A. at = −4
(−2, 0) 3
(0, )
32
V.A. at V.A. at
(0, −6/5)
(2.5, 0) =1 = 5/4
2 + − 15
=
6 − 13 − 5
i Domain
ii Graph at non-permissible
value(s) (V.A. or P.D..)
iii -int:
iv -int:
v H.A.
vi Range:
(a) (b)
1
(−2, )
2
(0, −1)

10. (a) i - { | ≠ −5, ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ} (b) i - { | ≠ −5/3, ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ}
P.D. at =4
ii - V.A.s at = −5 V.A. at ii - V.A. at = −5/3, P.D. at = 4
= −5 (0, 8/5)
and = 1 iii - e/Q iv - (0, 8/5) H.A. at =0
(−1.5, 0)
iii (−1.5, 0) H.A. at =0 v - H.A. at =0
iv - (0, −3/5) 3 vi - { | ≠ 0, = 8/17, ∈ ℝ}
(0, − ) V.A. at
v - H.A. at =0 5
= −5/3
V.A. at
vi - { ∈ ℝ} =1 Math30-1power.com
Page |294
(a)
(b)
(1, −1)
Q( − R)( − 2)
14. The graph of the function !( ) = where Q, R ∈ |, has a horizontal asymptote
 Exam
Style 3 −5 −2
at = 7/3, an -intercept at (3, 0), a vertical asymptote at = _____ and a range of _____.
a aa
The above statement is true when the following substitutions are made for a and aa:
A. a −1/3 aa { | ≠ −1, ≠ 7/3, ∈ ℝ}

B. a −1/3 and 3 aa { ≠ 7/3, ∈ ℝ}
C. a − 1/3 aa { ≠ 7/3, ∈ ℝ}
D. a − 1/3 and 3 aa { | ≠ −1, ≠ 7/3, ∈ ℝ}

11. i - { | ≠ −1/3, ≠ 5/2, ∈ ℝ} v - H.A. at = 1/3
ii - V.A. at = −1/3, iii - (−3, 0) vi - { | ≠ 1/17 , ≠ 1/3, ∈ ℝ}
H.A. at (0, 3) P.D. at
P.D. at = 5/2 iv - (0, 3) = 1/3 = 5/2
(−3, 0)
2( + 1) 2 +2
12. (a) i - = ii - = iii - { | ≠ 2, ∈ ℝ} V.A. at
−2 −2
= −1/3
−4 −4
(b) i - = ii - = iii - { | v 0 or ≥ 0.20, ∈ ℝ}
( + 3)( − 6) − 3 − 18
15. NR The graph of =$ is shown on the right.

 Exam
Style
Its equation has the form:
Q( − 1)( − R)
$( ) = where Q, R ∈ |
−5 +S
The values of Q, R and S in the above equation of

$( ) are, respectively, ____ , ____, and ____.
2( − 5)( + R)
16. Exam NR A rational function $( ) = has a point of discontinuity at (5, 14).
 Style −S
The value of R in the above equation for = $( ) is ____.
12
− 31 + 20
17. A function = !( ) is defined ! =
9
− 27 + 20
Q S
The graph of = !( ) has a vertical asymptote at = and a horizontal asymptote at = .
R ]
NR The values of Q, R, S and ] are, respectively, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
 Exam
Style

( + 5)( − 2) + 3 − 10
13. (a) i - = ii - = iii - { | ≠ −7/2, ∈ ℝ}
2( + 5) 2 + 10
−2( + 3)( − 2) −2 − 2 + 12
(b) i - = ii - = iii - { | ≠ −2, ≠ −5/3, ∈ ℝ}
( + 3)( − 3) −9
14. A
15. 234 16. 2 17. 5343
Page |296
1. The graphs of = !( ) and =$ are shown on the right.

(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = !+$ ( ) = !( )
= $( )
(b) Determine a slope-intercept form equation for !( ) and $( ).
*Include any domain restrictions.
(c) Determine a simplified equation for ℎ( ).

*Include any domain restrictions.
(d) Use the graphs to state the range of !( ), $( ), and ℎ( ).
(e) Determine an equation for the following combined functions. (Do not graph – include domain restrictions)
i = (! − $)( ) ii = ($ − !)( ) iii = !⋅$ ( )
(f) Determine the range of ℎ = (! + $)( ) if the domain of !( ) is restricted to [0, ∞).
* When to include a domain restriction when stating a function equation:

Sometimes when we state the equation of a function, we are under no obligation to include a domain restriction, even if there
is one! For example, ) * = * + = has a restricted domain, but we don’t need to include it when writing the equation
because it can be “seen”. (By examining the function and seeing its radical nature, the restriction ≥ −8 is implied)
But consider !( ) from example 5.14. When stating that equation, ! = +4 − 1 ; ≤ 2 we are obligated to
include the domain restriction of ≤ 2, because that restriction is arbitrary, it is not evident in the equation.
−1
This is similar to when we cancel terms. If we express a function ! = , we need not include “ ≠ ±1” after.
−1
−1 1
But if simplify this to ! = ! = … we must include “ ≠ ±1”
( − 1)( + 1) +1
(As there is no indication from the function equation that
= 1 is a non-permissible value, only ≠ −1 can be “seen”)
The bottom line
Always include a domain restriction whenever it cannot be seen in the function equation. Note that as you continue through
your practice - you will not always be reminded of this! So with that, here are few more reminders to tide you over:
Be sure to include any domain restrictions that cannot be “seen” in the function equation!
5.1 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Functions
2. The graphs of ! = − 5 + 4 and =$ are shown on the right.

= !( )
(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = $−! ( )
(b) Determine a slope-intercept form equation for $( ).
= $( )
(d) Use the graphs to state the range of !( ) and ℎ( ).
(e) Determine an equation for the following functions. (Do not graph – state the domain for ii and iii)
! $
i ,( ) = (! − $)( ) ii = ( ) iii = ( )
$ !
(f) Compare the simplified equations of ℎ = ($ − !)( ) and , = (! − $)( ).

Describe the relationship between these two functions using transformations terminology.
(g) Determine the range of ℎ = ($ − !)( ) if the domain of $( ) is restricted to [0, 5].
1. (a)
(b) ) * = ;* − 2 + * = −* + 1 ; ≤4
Divide all
Graph of h(x) stops (c) 6 * = 1* − 1; ≤ 4 Domain is restricted by g(x).
corresponding (- where g(x) stops
coordinates (d) !: ∈ℝ $: { | ≥ −2, ∈ ℝ} h: { | ≤ 6, ∈ ℝ}
Follow this process: Refer to the graphs for the range
ℎ(−4) is −73 + 3 (e) i ( = 2* − 3 ; ≤4 (f) [−2, 6]
$(−6) ii ( = −2* + 3 ; ≤4
!(−6)
iii ( = −;* + 7?* − = ; ≤4
6(*) 1
= −7?
Page |306
Chapter 5 – Operations on Functions
3. The graphs of = !( ) and =$ are shown on the right. = $( ) = !( )

(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = !⋅$ ( )
(c) Determine a simplified equation for ℎ( ) and state the domain

and range.
(d) Determine an equation for the following combined functions. (Do not graph)
!
i = (! + $)( ) ii = (! − $)( ) iii = ( )
$
(g) Determine the range of ℎ = (! ⋅ $)( ) if the domain of $( ) is restricted to [−1, 5].

2. (a) (b) + * = * − ;
Simplifies:
(c) ℎ = −3−( − 5 + 4) 6 * = −*1 + 3* − @
Subtract all
corresponding (d) !: | ≥ −2.25, ∈ℝ h: { | ≤ 2, ∈ ℝ}
(-coordinates 1
* − 0* + 2
(e) i ( = *1 − 3* + @ ii ( = D: { | ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ}
*−;
Follow this process: *−;
ℎ(−2) is −2 − 7? iii ( = D: { | ≠ 1, ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ}
(* − 7)(* − 2)
$(−2) 6(*) Factor f(x) to determine domain (or … refer to graph / where is f(x) zero)
!(−2)
= −72
(f) Functions are vertical reflections (about the -axis) of each other
(g) Range will be [−@, 1]
4. The graphs of ! = −3 + 2 + 8 and $ =2− are shown.

!
(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = ( ) = $( )
$
(b) Determine a simplified equation for ℎ( ).
(c) Determine an equation for the following combined functions.

Do not graph. Include any domain restrictions. (obviously)
i = (! + $)( ) ii = ($ − !)( )
= !( )
$
iii = ( )
!
!
(d) Determine the domain and range of = ( )
$
!
(e) Determine the domain and range of = ( ) if the domain of $( ) is restricted
$
to { | ≥ −1, ∈ ℝ}

3. (a) (b) ) * = * + 7 and + * = 0 − *
(c) 6 * = −*1 + 2* + 0 D: ∈ℝ R: | ≤ 9, ∈ℝ
Multiply all
corresponding (d) !: ∈ℝ h: { | ≤ 2, ∈ ℝ}
(-coordinates *+7
(e) i ( = 3 (constant function) ii ( = 1* − 2 iii ( =
0−*
Follow this process:
Note: for iii – domain is not essential, as we did not cancel any terms.
ℎ(−2) is (−7) c (@) However if you did express it – you’d have { | ≠ 5, ∈ ℝ}
!(−2) 6(*)
$(−2)
= −@ (f) Range would be [?, :]
Page |308
5. The graphs of ! and $ are shown, where !( ) is a radical function.

(a) State the domain of the following combined
functions. Do not graph.
= $( )
i = (! + $)( ) ii = !( ) ⋅ $( )
= !( )
! $
iii = ( ) iv = ( )
$ !
(b) State the range of the following combined functions.

A graph is not required but may be helpful!
i = (! + $)( ) ii =$ − !( )
(c) State the -intercept of = (! + $)( )
4. (a) −3 +2 +8 Factor to −(3 −2 − 8)

(b) ℎ = ℎ =
Graph has 2− simplify: −( − 2)
PD at x=2 −(3 −2 − 8) (3 + 4)( − 2)
Divide all ℎ = ℎ =
−( − 2) ( − 2)
corresponding
(-coordinates 6 * = ;* + 2 ; ≠ 2
Follow this process:

(c) i ( = −;*1 + * + 7? ii ( = ;*1 − ;* − 3
ℎ(−3) is (−10) Y (0)
7 4
!(−3) iii ( = ; ≠− , ≠2
$(−3) ;* + 2 3
= −0
(d) E: | ≠ 2, ∈ℝ R: { | ≠ 10, ∈ ℝ}
6(*)
(e) E: | ≥ −1, ≠ 2, ∈ℝ R: { | ≥ 0, ≠ 10, ∈ ℝ}
6
6. Given ! = , $ = 9†$ (8 − ) and ℎ = 5 − 2 , state the (i) domain and (ii) -intercept of
+3
each of the following combined functions. Try answering without using graphing technology!
$ ℎ
(a) = !+ℎ ( ) (b) = !⋅$ ( ) (c) = ( ) (d) = ( )
ℎ $
! ℎ
(e) = $−ℎ ( ) (f) = ( ) (g) = ( )
ℎ !
7. Refer to the functions described above in question 8. Determine the -intercepts of the following combined
functions: $ ℎ
(a) = ( ) (b) = ( )
ℎ !
5. (a) i | ≤5, ∈ℝ ii | ≤5, ∈ℝ = (! + $)( )

For reference …
iii | ≤5, ≠3, ∈ℝ iv | ≤5, ≠0, ∈ℝ the combined
graph:
(b) i | ≥ −3 , ∈ℝ ii | ≤3, ∈ℝ
(c) (0, 3)
Page |310
8. The graphs of ! and $ are shown, where !( ) is a radical function.

(a) State the domain of the following combined
functions. Do not graph.
i = (! ⋅ $)( )
= !( )
!
ii = ( ) = $( )
$
$
iii = ( )
!
(b) State the range and -intercept of the following combined functions.
A graph is not required, but may be helpful!
i = (! ⋅ $)( ) ii =$ + !( )
Range: Range:
y-intercept: y-intercept:
9. NR If ! = 2 15 − − 4 and $( ) is
 Exam
Style given by the graph on the right, then
the value of (! ⋅ $)(6) is _____.
= $( )

6. (a) i | ≠ −3 , ∈ℝ ii (0, 7) (b) i | v 8, ≠ −3 , ∈ℝ ii (0, 6)
(c) i | v 8, ≠ 5/2 , ∈ ℝ ii (0, 5) (d) i | v8, ≠7, ∈ℝ ii (0, 5/3)
(e) i | v 8, ∈ℝ ii (0, −2) (f) i | ≠ −3, ≠ 5/2, ∈ ℝ ii (0, 2/5)
(g) i | ≠ −3, ∈ℝ ii (0, 5/2)
7. (a) (7, 0) (b) (5/2, 0)
10. Given ! = −3,$ = + 4, and ℎ = , state the (i) domain and (ii) -intercept of each
+5
combined function. Try answering without using graphing technology!
ℎ ℎ
(a) = !⋅$ ( ) (b) =! − ℎ( ) (c) = ( ) (d) = ( )
! $
$
(e) = ( ) (f) = $+ℎ ( )
!
11. Given ! = 9†$( + 1), $ =2 − 8, and ℎ = , state the (i) domain and (ii) -intercept
+1
of each combined function. Try answering without using graphing technology!
ℎ ℎ
(a) = !⋅$ ( ) (b) =! − ℎ( ) (c) = ( ) (d) = ( )
! $
$( )
(e) = (f) = $+ℎ ( )
ℎ( )

8. (a) i | ≤5, ∈ℝ ii | ≤5, ≠3, ∈ℝ iii | ≤5, ∈ℝ For
= (! ⋅ $)( )
reference …
(b) i R: | ≥ −4 , ∈ℝ y-int: (0, 9) ii R: | ≥0, ∈ℝ y-int: (0, 6)
9. =
Page |312
12. Given the graphs of = ! and = $( ) shown on the

right, the range of = (! ⋅ $)( ) is:
A. | ≥ −6, ∈ℝ
 Exam
Style
B. | ≤ 12, ∈ℝ
C. | ≤ −6, ∈ℝ
= !( )
D. | ≥ 12, ∈ℝ
= $( )
13. Given the graphs of = ! and = $( ) shown on the right, the

range of = (! − $)( ) is:
= $( )
Exam A. [−6, 5]
 Style
B. [−7, 5]
C. [−6, 8]
= !( )
D. [−7, 8]

10. (a) i | ≥ −4, ∈ℝ ii (0, −6) (b) i | ≠ −5, ∈ℝ ii (0, −3)
(c) i | ≠ −5 , ≠3, ∈ℝ ii (0, 0) (d) i | > −4 , ∈ℝ ii (0, 0)
(e) i | ≥ −4 , ≠3, ∈ℝ ii (0, −2/3) (f) i | ≥ −4, ∈ℝ ii (0, 2)
11. (a) i | > −1, ∈ℝ ii (0, −8) (b) i | > −1, ∈ℝ ii (0, 0)
(c) i | > −1, ≠0, ∈ℝ ii (0, 5) (d) i | ≠ ±2 , ∈ℝ ii (0, 0)
(e) i | ≠ 0, ∈ℝ ii undefined (f) i ∈ℝ ii (0, −8)
14. Two functions are given as ! = # − 49 and $

= + 7. A student is asked to provide an
$( )
expression which represents the combined function = , including any restriction on the domain
!( )
from any canceled factor. The student provides the correct answer as:
A. − 7 ; ≠ 0, −7
 Exam
Style
B. −7 ; ≠7
1
C. ; ≠ 0, −7
−7
1
D. ; ≠7
−7
15. The graph below shows a function = !( ) and the table describes a function = $( ).
* ( = +(*)
−3 8
−2 undefined
−1 4
0 2
1 0
2 −2
= !( )
3 −4
NR If ℎ = (! ⋅ $)( ), then the value of ℎ(−1) is _____ .

 Exam
Style
16. The graph of = ℎ( ), shown on the right, is obtained by = ℎ( )

combining the graphs of = !( ) and = $( ).
An equation for of = ℎ( ) is: = $( )
A. ℎ = (! + $)( )
B. ℎ = (! − $)( )
C. ℎ = ($ − !)( ) = !( )
D. ℎ = (! ⋅ $)( )
12. B 13. A
14. C 15. 36 16. C

Page |314
1
1. Given the functions ! = −4 −1,$ = 8− and ℎ = , determine the value of:
−2
(a) (! ∘ $)(−1) (b) ($ ∘ !)(−1) (c) (ℎ ∘ ℎ)(3) (d) (! ∘ ℎ ∘ $)(−8)
9
(e) ($ ∘ ℎ)( ) (f) ($ ∘ $)(−17) (g) (ℎ ∘ !)(0) (h) (ℎ ∘ $ ∘ !)(4)
4
2. Given the functions ! = + 1, $ = 2 , and ℎ = − 3 determine a simplified expression for:
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) ($ ∘ !)( ) (c) (! ∘ $ ∘ $)( )
(d) (! ∘ ℎ)( ) (e) (ℎ ∘ $ ∘ !)( ) (f) ($ ∘ ! ∘ ℎ)( )
5.2 Composite Functions
3. Use the graphs below to determine the composite values below:
= ℎ( )
= !( )
= $( )
(a) (! ∘ $)(2) (b) ($ ∘ !)(2) (c) (! ∘ ! ∘ $)(4)
(d) (ℎ ∘ !)(6) (e) (! ∘ $ ∘ ℎ)(3) (f) (ℎ ∘ !)(4)
&XA
1 1
4. Given the functions ! = − 8, $ =− − 4 and ℎ = , determine the value of:
2
1
(a) (! ∘ $)(1) (b) ($ ∘ !)(1) (c) (ℎ ∘ ℎ)(2) (d) (! ∘ ℎ ∘ $)( )
5
1
(e) (! ∘ !)(0) (f) ($ ∘ ! ∘ ℎ)(− ) (g) ($ ∘ ℎ)(0.1)
3

1. (a) −4 (b) 2 (c) −1 (d) −11/4 (e) 2 (f) 3 (g) −1/3 (h) 1
2. (a) ! ∘ $ =4 +1 (b) $ ! =2 +2 (c) !∘$∘$ = 16 +1

(d) ! ∘ ℎ = − 6 + 10 (e) ℎ∘$∘! =2 −1 (f) $∘!∘ℎ =2 − 12 + 20
1
5. Given ! = − 4, $ = and ℎ = , (i) determine a simplified expression for each of the
2
following composite functions, and (ii) state the domain. *Challenge: Simplify
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) ($ ! (c) (! ∘ ℎ)( )
(d) (ℎ ∘ !)( ) (e) (! ∘ ℎ ∘ $)( ) (f) $ ℎ
6. For ! = 9†$B , $ =8− , and ℎ =9− , (i) determine a simplified expression for each of
the following composite functions, and (ii) state the domain.
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) $ ! (c) ! ℎ (c) ℎ !

3. (a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) −1 (e) 5 (f) undefined
4. (a) 8 (b) −11 (c) 2 (d) −4 (e) 120 (f) −4 (g) −6
7. For ! = ,$ = 3 + 5, and ℎ = + 5, (i) determine a simplified expression for each of

the following composite functions, and (ii) state the domain.
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) ($ ∘ !)( ) (c) ($ ∘ $)( )
(d) (ℎ ∘ $)( ) (e) (ℎ ∘ !)( ) (f) (ℎ ∘ ! ∘ $)( )
8. For ! = 2 − 1, $ = 3 − 4, and ℎ = (i) determine a simplified expression for each of

composite functions, and (ii) state the domain.
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) ($ ∘ !)( ) (c) (ℎ ∘ ! ∘ $)( )
(d) (ℎ ∘ $)( ) (e) (ℎ ∘ $ ∘ !)( )

Simplifies to:
1 7 − =*
5. (a) ! ∘ $ = −4 D: [?, ∞) (b) $ ! = −4 D: [2, ∞) (c) ! ℎ = −4 =
2 1*
1 D: {*|* ≠ ? , * ∈ ℝ}
(d) ℎ∘! ( )= D: {*|* ≠ 2 , * ∈ ℝ}
2 −8
1 1
(e) !∘ℎ∘$ ( )= − 4 D: (?, ∞) (f) $ ℎ = D: (?, ∞)
2 2
6. (a) i ! ∘ $ = 9†$B (8 − ) ii D: (−∞, 8) (b) i $ ! = 8 − 9†$B ii D: (0 , ∞)

(c) i !∘ℎ = 9†$B (9 − ) ii D: (−3 , 3) (d) i ℎ ! = 9 − (9†$B ) ii D: (0 , ∞)
Page |324
9. Three functions ! ,$ , and , are shown below. * ( = -(*)

−8 8
−5 9
! = 6−
−2 6
3 0
5 −4
8 6
= $( )
9 −7
10 −8
(a) Evaluate: i - ! $ ,(3) ii - $ , ! −19 iii - , $ ! 2
(b) State the domain of each of the following composite functions:

i - ! ,( ) ii - $ ,( )
iii - (! ∘ $)( ) iv - $ ∘ !( )

7. (a) i ! $ = 3 +5 (b) i $ ! =3 +5 (c) i $ $ = 9 + 20
5 ii D: [0, ∞) ii D: (−∞, ∞)
ii D: [− , ∞)
3
(d) i ℎ $ =9 + 30 + 30 (e) i ℎ ! = +5 (f) i ℎ !($ ) = 3 + 10
ii D: (−∞, ∞) ii D: [0, ∞)
Use “pre-simplified” 5
form for domain ii D: [− , ∞)
3
8. (a) i ! $ = 6 −9 (b) i $ ! =3 2 −1−4 (c) i ℎ(! $ =6 −9
3 1 3
ii D: [ , ∞) ii D: [ , ∞) ii D: [ , ∞)
2 2 2
(c) i ℎ $ =9 − 24 + 16 (e) i ℎ($ ! ) = 18 − 24 2 − 1 + 7
1
ii D: (−∞, ∞) ii D: [ , ∞)
2
1
10. For ! = ,$ = 2 + 1, ℎ = + 4 and , = (i) determine a simplified expression
−3
for each of the composite functions, and (ii) use an algebraic process to determine the domain.
Hint: For domain it is sometimes helpful to examine the graph of the inside function. (Where is it positive? Equal to zero?) Try this
approach when you encounter an unusual / complex composite function. That said, an algebraic approach is possible for all below!
(a) (! ∘ $)( ) (b) ($ ∘ !)( ) (c) (! ∘ ,)( )

Challenge – fully simplify
(d) (, ∘ !)( ) (e) (, ∘ ℎ)( ) (f) (ℎ ∘ ,)( )

See hint for (h) below!
(g) (ℎ ∘ !)( ) (h) (! ∘ $ ∘ ,)( ) (i) (, ∘ $)( )

Do not simplify
(j) (, ∘ $ ∘ $ ∘ $)( ) (k) (! ∘ ℎ)( ) (l) (! ∘ ℎ ∘ ,)( )

9. (a) i 3 ii −5 iii 6
(b) Hint: Start with the domain of the inside function. The corresponding range (set of outputs from the inside function)
becomes the new inputs – this time in the outside function. Restrict any of these / as required by the outside function.
i {−1, ;, 0, =, :, 7?} ii {−=, −1, ;, 0, =, :, 7?} iii {*|* ≤ =, * ∈ ℝ} iv {*| − 0= ≤ * ≤ 3, * ∈ ℝ}
Page |326
11. The graphs of ! and $ are shown below. State the domain and range of each indicated composite
function.
= !( )
= $( )
(a) ! $( ) (b) $ !( ) (c) (! ∘ !)( ) (d) ($ ∘ $)( )
12. Two functions !( ) and $( ) are shown below.

$: 5 5
!: { −4, 2 , −1 , 11 , 2, 5 , 3, 4 , 4, 0 , 8, 1 }
−3 −3
−1
0 2
The value of ($ ∘ !)(4) is:
4 2
A. 5
 Exam
Style
B. 0
C. 4
D. 2

1 2 1
10. (a) i ! $ = (b) i $ ! = +1 (c) i ! , =
2 −2 −3 −3
ii D: {*|* ≠ 7 , * ∈ ℝ} Simplifies *−7 ii D: {*|* ≥ ?, * ≠ :, * ∈ ℝ}
to: =
*−;
1 ii D: {*|* ≠ ; , * ∈ ℝ}
(d) i , ! =
−3 (f) i ℎ , = +4
ii D: {*|* > ;, * ∈ ℝ} (e) i , ℎ = + 4 ii D: {* ∈ ℝ} ii D: {*|* ≥ ?, * ∈ ℝ}
1 1
(g) i ℎ ! = +4 (h) i (! ∘ $ ∘ ,)( ) = +4 (i) i (, ∘ $)( ) = 2 + 1
( − 3) 2 −2
7
ii D: {*|* ≠ ; , * ∈ ℝ} ii D: {*|* ≥ ?, * ≠ 7, * ∈ ℝ} ii D: {*|* ≥ − , * ∈ ℝ}
1
1 1
(j) i = 2 2 2 +1 +1 +1 (k) i ! ℎ = (l) i (! ∘ ℎ ∘ ,)( ) =
+1 +1
Simplifies to: = =* + @ ii D: {*|* > ?, * ∈ ℝ}
ii D: {* ∈ ℝ}
ii D: {*|* ≥ −@/=, * ∈ ℝ}
13. Given the functions ! = − 2 + 5 and $ = 3 + 2, an expression

for (! ∘ $)( ) is Q + R + S, where Q, R, and S are ∈ ¶.
NR The values of Q, R, and S are, respectively, ____, ____, and ____.

 Exam
Style
14. Given that ! = − 1 and $ = , the domain of ℎ =$ ! can be selected from

−9
the following list.
1 { | ≠ 10, ∈ ℝ}
2 { | ≥1, ≠ 4, ∈ ℝ}
3 { | ≥1, ≠ 3, ∈ ℝ}
4 { | ≠ ±3 , ∈ ℝ}
5 { | ≥1, ≠ 10, ∈ ℝ}
6 { | ≥1, ≠ ±3, ∈ ℝ}
NR The reference number that gives the domain of ℎ( ) is ____.

 Exam
Style
15. Given that (2, 5) is on the graph of $( ), and (2, 1) is on the graph of ℎ = (! ∘ $)( ), the
corresponding point on the graph of !( ) must be:
A. (5, 1)
 Exam
Style
B. (5, −4)
C. (2, 1)
D. (2, −4)

11. (a) D: [−5, 4] R: [0, 3] (b) D: [−4, 12] R: [1 , 5] (c) D: [−4, ∞) R: [2, ∞) (d) D: (−∞, 3] R:(−∞, 5]
12. D
13. 965 14. 5 15. A

Page |328
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW – Operations on Functions
1. The graphs of the linear function = !( ) and =$ are shown

on the right.
= !( )
(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = (! + $)( )
(b) Determine a slope-intercept form equation for !( ) and $( ). = $( )
(d) Determine an equation for the following functions. (Do not graph – include domain restriction for ii and iii)
i ,( ) = (! − $)( ) ii = ($ − !)( ) iii = (! ⋅ $)( )
! $
iv = ( ) v = ( )
$ !
(e) Compare the simplified equations of ℎ = ($ − !)( ) and , = (! − $)( ).

Describe the relationship between these two functions using transformations terminology.
(f) Determine the range of ℎ = (! + $)( ) if the domain of $( ) is restricted to [0, ∞).
(g) Determine and expression for each of the following composite functions:
i = (! ∘ $)( ) ii = ($ ∘ !)( )
5 - Function Operations Review
2. The graphs of = !( ) and =$ are shown on the right. = !( )

(a) On the same grid, sketch the graph of ℎ = !⋅$ ( )

(As always – include any domain restrictions)
= $( )
(c) Determine a simplified equation for ℎ( ), and state the domain

and range.
(d) Determine an equation for the following combined functions. (Do not graph)
!
i = (! + $)( ) ii = (! − $)( ) iii = ( )
$
(e) Determine the range of ℎ = (! ⋅ $)( ) if the domain of $( ) is restricted to [−1, 5].
(f) Evaluate each of the following:

i = (! ∘ $)(0) ii = ($ ∘ !)(1) iii = (! ∘ $ ∘ $)(2)
(g) State the domain and range of:

i = (! ∘ $)( ) ii = ($ ∘ !)( ) iii = ($ ∘ $)( )
1. (a) (b) ! =2 +1 $ =− +3 (c) ℎ = +4
ADD all 2 +1
corresponding (d) i =3 −2 iv = ; ≠ −3
( = 6(*) − +3
-coordinates ii = −3 + 2
− +3 1
iii = −2 +5 +3 v = ; ≠−
2 +1 2
(e) Graphs are vertical reflections of one another
(f) [4, ∞)
(g) i (! ∘ $)( ) = −2 + 7 ii ($ ∘ !)( ) = −2 + 2
Page |330
3. Two functions are defined ! = − 4 − 5 and $ = + 1.

(a) Determine a simplified expression for each of the following functions. (Obligatory “state
any domain restriction” reminder)
! $
i = ( ) ii = ( )
$ !
iii = (! − $) iv = (! ∘ $)
(b) A third function is given as , =2 −1; ≥ 0. Given the graph of !( ), determine the domain
and range of each composite function:
!( )
i = (! − ,)( )
,( )
ii = (! ∘ ,)( )
iii = (, ∘ !)( )

2. (a) (b) ! =2 +1 $ = − 3 ; ≥ −2
MULT. all (c) ℎ =2 − 5 − 3 ; ≥ −2
( = 6(*)
corresponding 2 +1
-coordinates (d) i = 3 − 2 ; ≥ −2 iii = ; ≥ −2, ≠ −3
−3
ii = + 4 ; ≥ −2
(e) [− 49⁄8 , 22] Use your graphing calculator to obtain minimum

(f) i −5 ii 0 iii −7
(g) i D: [−2, ∞) R: [−9, ∞) ii D: [−1.5, ∞) R: [−5, ∞)
iii D: [1, ∞) R: [−5, ∞)
4. The graphs of ! and $ are shown below. Four new functions are defined as:
= $( )
= !( )
(a) Evaluate each of the following:

i (! − $)(−1) ii (! ⋅ $)(0) iii (! ∘ $)(−3) iv ($ ∘ !)(3)
(b) State the domain of each of the following functions:

! $
i = ( ) ii = ( )
$ !
iii = !∘$ ( ) iv = !∘! ( )
(c) State the domain and range of each of the following functions:
i = !+$ ( ) ii = (! − $)( )

1
3. (a) i = − 5 ; ≠ −1 ii = ; ≠ −1, ≠5
−5
iii = −5 −6 iv = −2 −4
(b) i D: [0, ∞) R: [−12, ∞) ii D: [0, ∞) R: [−9, ∞) ii D: { | ≤ −1, ≥ 5, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ −1 , ∈ ℝ}
Page |332
1
5. Four functions are defined ! = 9†$# ( + 1), $ = 16 − 2 , ℎ = 2 − 1 and , = .
(a) Evaluate each of the following:
$
i (! − $)(8) ii (0) iii (! + ℎ)(2) iv ($ ∘ !)(80)
ℎ
11
v (ℎ ∘ ,)(0.25) vi (, ∘ $ ∘ ℎ)(−0.5) vii ($ ∘ ℎ ∘ ℎ) viii (, ∘ ℎ ∘ !)(0)
8
8
ix ℎ(! + ℎ)(8) x $($ − ℎ)(6) xi ,(! + $)(0) xii ℎ(! ⋅ ,) −
9
Edit note: Add work space
(b) Determine an expression for each of the following functions and state the domain.
ℎ ,
i = ($ ⋅ ,)( ) ii = ( ) iii = ( )
, ℎ
iv = (! ∘ ℎ)( ) v = ($ ∘ ℎ)( ) vi = (ℎ ∘ $)( )
vii = (! ∘ $)( ) viii = (, ∘ $ ∘ ℎ)( ) ix = (, ∘ ℎ ∘ ℎ)( )

4. (a) i −3 ii 24 iii 0 iv 8
(b) i { | − 4 v ≤ 3, ≠ −2, ∈ ℝ} ii { | − 4 ≤ v 3, ≠ −1, ∈ ℝ}
iii [−4, −1] iv { | ≤ 0, 2 ≤ ≤ 3, ∈ ℝ}
(c) i D: [−4, 3] R: [−21, 35] ii D: [−4, 3] R: [−35, −3]
1
6. Four functions are defined ! = 2 + 1, $ = − 4, ℎ = , and , = .
(a) Determine an expression for each of the following functions and state the domain.
!
i = ($ + ,)( ) ii = ( ) iii = (, ∘ $)( ) iv = (! ∘ ,)( )
,
(b) Determine an expression for each of the following functions, and state both the domain and range.
i = (! + ℎ)( ) ii = (ℎ ⋅ ,)( ) iii = (! ∘ ℎ)( ) iv = (ℎ ∘ $ ∘ !)( )
7. Use the graphs of !( ) and $( ) below to determine: (b) The domain and range of:
= !( ) (a) The value of: i (! + $)( )

i ! − $ (7) ii (! ∘ $)(7)
!
ii ( )
$
= $( )
iii ! $
iv $ !

5. (a) i 2 ii −4 iii 4 iv 2 2 v 7 vi 0.25 vii 11 viii −1 ix 33 x 34 xi 1/4 xii −11/2
16 − 2 ℎ , 1
(b) i $⋅, = ii =2 − iii =
, ℎ (2 − 1)
D: { | ≤ 8 , ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 0, ≠ 1/2, ∈ ℝ}
iv ! ∘ ℎ = 9†$# (2 ) v $∘ℎ = 18 − 4 vi ℎ ∘ $ = 2 16 − 2 − 1
D: { | > 0, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≤ 9/2, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≤ 8 , ∈ ℝ}
1 1
vii ! ∘ $ = 9†$# ( 16 − 2 + 1) viii , ∘ $ ∘ ℎ = ix ,∘ℎ∘ℎ =
18 − 4 4 −3
D: { | ≤ 8 , ∈ ℝ} D: { | v 9/2 , ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 3/4, ∈ ℝ}
Page |334
Use the following information to answer questions 8, 9, and 10.
!
From the list of functions below, the functions ℎ = ( ) and , = (! ∘ $)( ) are formed.
$
1 = +1 6 = 0.5& + 2
2 = −1 7 = −1
#
3 = +1 8 = 9†$u ( + 2) ; 0 v R v 1
B 1
4 = +1 9 =
5 = 0.5& − 2
For ℎ( ) function 1 is chosen for !( ), while for ,( ) function 9 is chosen for !( ).
8. NR For the domain of ℎ( ) to be { ∈ ℝ}, the function chosen for $( ) must be function
 Exam
Style number ____, ____, or ____.
9. NR For the domain of ,( ) to be { | ≠ −1, ∈ ℝ}, the function chosen for $( ) must be
 Exam
Style function number ____ or _____.
10. State the domain of =! $ , if function 7 is chosen for !( ), and $( ) is:
(a) Function 1 (b) Function 2 (c) Function 3 (d) Function 5
(e) Function 6 (f) Function 8

1 ! 1 2
6. (a) i $+, = −4+ ii = (2 + 1) iii , ∘ $ = iv ! ∘ , = +1
, −4
D: { | ≥ 4, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} D: { | > 4, ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ}
(b) i !⋅ℎ = ( + 1) ii (ℎ ⋅ ,) = iii ! ∘ ℎ =2 +1 iv ℎ ∘ $ ∘ ! =2 −3
D: { ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≠ 0 , ∈ ℝ} D: { ∈ ℝ} D: { | ≥ 3/2 , ∈ ℝ}
R: { | ≥ 0, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≠ 0, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ 1 , ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ 0 , ∈ ℝ}
7. (a) i 9 ii −8
(b) i D: { | ≥ 1 , ∈ ℝ} ii D: { | ≥ 1, ≠ 5, ∈ ℝ} iii D: { | ≥ 7 , ∈ ℝ} iv D: { | ≥ 1 , ∈ ℝ}
R: { | ≥ −10 , ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ 4 , ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ −8, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≥ −6.5, ∈ ℝ}
Use the following information to answer questions 8, 9, and 10.
The graphs of !( ) and $( ) are shown here.
= !( )
= $( )
11. The range of = (! − $)( ) is:

A. [−13, 9]
 Exam
Style
B. [−13, 8]
C. [−8, 13]
D. [−9, 13]
12. The domain of = (! ∘ $)( ) is:

A. [−4, 4]
 Exam
Style
B. [−4, 5]
C. [−4, 6]
D. [−4, 12]
13. The range of = (! ∘ $)( ) is

A. [−6, 3]
 Exam
Style
B. [−1, 3]
C. [−1, 12]
D. [−6, 12]
14. The range of = ($ ∘ !)( ) is

A. [−1, 12]
 Exam
Style
B. [−1, 6]
C. [−2, 3]
D. [−2, 6]
8. 146 9. 35 10. (a) { ∈ ℝ} (b) { | ≠ ±1 , ∈ ℝ} (c) { | ≠ −1 , ∈ ℝ}
(d) { | ≠ −1, ∈ ℝ} (e) { ∈ ℝ} (f) { | ≻ 2, ≠ −1, ∈ ℝ}
11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D
Page |336

Practice Questions Only 1 Through 5

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Practice Questions Only 1 Through 5

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Practice Questions Workbook

Part I – Chapters 1 through 5

Open Access for the 2021-22 School Year

(m) = (n) = 3& + 1

Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page

(a) (b) (c) ) * = *

Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page

6. For each pair of functions below,

i Description of transformations i Description of transformations i Description of transformations

ii Mapping rule ii Mapping rule ii Mapping rule

iii Domain of function  iii Range of function 

Answers from previous page

9. The function = !( ) is transformed to + 4 = !( − 2). The point /(−11, 5) is on the graph of = !( ).

10. A function ! = is transformed to = $( ) and = ℎ( ) by applying vertical translations, with the

Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page

D: [4 , ∞) R: [3 , ∞) D: { | ≠ −4, ∈ ℝ} R: { | ≠ 1, ∈ ℝ} D: −∞, ∞ R: [−1 , ∞) D: { ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ}

ii Equation in terms of !( ) ii Equation in terms of !( )

iii Equation in terms of iii Equation in terms of

13. A function ! = − 1 + 4 is transformed to = $( ) by applying horizontal translation 5 units to the

9. (a) Horiz translation 2

15. The graph of a function = !( ), shown on the right, is transformed to

17. The graph of a function = !( ), shown on the right, has a vertex at

18. The function = !( ), shown on the right, is transformed to = $

Answers to Practice Questions on the previous page and this page

15. C 16. D: { > 1, ∈ ℝ} R: { ∈ ℝ} 17. i { ∈ ℝ} ii { ≥ −4 , ∈ ℝ} iii = ( − 5) −4 18. D

i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule: i Mapping Rule:

ii Invariant point(s): ii Invariant point(s):

iii Coordinates of iii Coordinates of

5. Each graph of = $( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = !( ). Determine an

( = )(*) ( = +(*) ( = +(*) ( = +(*) ( = )(*)

Answers from previous page

6. Each graph of = ,( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = ℎ( ). Determine an

( = 6(*) ( = -(*) ( = 6(*)

7. Each of = $( ) below is obtained by reflecting the corresponding graph of = !( ) and applying a

iii P iii P iii P

9. A function ! = ( + 6) +2 is reflected about the line = 0.

NR The corresponding point when the graph of = !( ) is

11. The graph of a function " = − + 10 − 33 is horizontally reflected in the line = 0.

Answers from previous page as well as this page

9. 037 10. 521 11. A 12. B

iii Domain of transformed function:

2. Determine an equation, as specified, when the function ! =2 − 4 + 12 is:

(b) Determine an equation for = $( ),

(c) State the location and coordinates

(d) State the range of: i = !( ) ii = $( )

(e) State the (-intercept of: i = !( ) ii = $( )

iii -intercept: iii -intercept:

Answers from previous page

5. The graph of ) * = 1(* + =) − 1 is shown below.

(b) Determine an equation for = $( ) ;

(c) State the location and coordinates

(e) State the *-intercept of: i = !( ) ii = $( )

(f) The point /(10, 4) is on the graph of = !( ). Determine the coordinates

(c) State the location and coordinates of any invariant point(s).

Step-by-step solutions can be found at math30-1edge.com

(e) i (0, 3.5) ii (0, 7)

7. The graph of ) * = ; * − 3 − 71 is shown on the right.

(b) Determine an equation for = $( ), in terms of .

(c) State the location and coordinates

8. The graph of ) * = *1 + 1* − ; is shown on the right.

(b) Determine an equation for $( ), in terms of .

(c) State the location and coordinates of any invariant point(s).

(d) The point /(−4, 5) is on the graph of = !( ).

Answers from previous page

( = )() ( = +() ( = +() ( = +() ( = )(*)

( = 6() ( = -() ( = 6(*)

8. The graph of ) * = 1 + 1 − ; is shown on the right.