Module 1 – Citizenship Training

Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP

Learning Objectives
At the end of the topic, students are expected to:
a) recognize how NSTP started
b) identify pertinent laws in relation to the creation of NSTP

Learning Content

Meaning of Service
• it is doing something for the benefit of others.
• the action of helping or doing work for someone.
• it can be VOLUNTARY.

The Traditional Filipino Service

BAYANIHAN - This tradition among Filipinos shows community participation, democracy and
cooperation. It may be for the benefit of an individual member of the community or the
community as a whole.

Spanish Colonial Administration

Polos y servicios – During the Spanish period, these policy or practice were used to compel the
Filipinos to work in public works. The polistas constructed churches, casas reales, roads, and
built or repaired ships. Able-bodied men 16-60 years of age were obliged to render services as
polistas.

The Constitutional Mandate

The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government
may call upon the people to defend the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service. (1987
Constitution, Article 2, Section 4)

The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate
in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs. (1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 13)

Through the above legal provisions, national service comes into existence specifically NSTP
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The National Service Training Program (NSTP), is a civic education and defense
preparedness program students instituted by the Government of the Philippines on 5 January
2000 by virtue of Republic Act9163, otherwise known as the "National Service Training
Program (NSTP) Act of 2001."

Under the NSTP Program, both male and female college students of any baccalaureate
degree course or technical vocational coursein public or private educational institutions are
obliged to undergo one of three program components for an academic period of two semesters.
The students, however, are free to choose which particular program component to take. The three
NSTP Program components are:[1]
• Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
This program component is designed to provide students with activities contributory to
the general welfare and betterment of life of the members of the community especially
those developed to improve social welfare services.

• Literacy Training Service(LTS)

This program component is designed to train students in teaching literacy and numeracy
skills to schoolchildren and out-of-school youths. The hope is to continue learning on a
peer - to - peer interaction.

• Reserve Officers' Training Corps(ROTC)

This program component is designed to provide military education and trainingfor
students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. This is also a glimpse for
young people to see how military life is and encourage them into service.

Graduates of the ROTC program component are organized into the Citizen Armed Force,
while graduates of the LTS and CWTS program components are organized into the National
Service Reserve Corps(NSRC) administered by the Department of National Defense, the
Commission on Higher Education and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.

There have been several legal precedents to the National Service Training Program
(NSTP) Act of 2001. These include:

• Commonwealth Act No. 1

Commonwealth Act No. 1, otherwise known as the "National Defense Act of 1935", was enacted
by the National Assembly of the Philippineson 21 December 1935. It provided for
obligatorymilitary servicefor all male citizens of ages between 18 and 30.[2]

• Presidential Decree No. 1706

Presidential Decree No. 1706, otherwise known as the "National Service Law", was signed into
law on 8 August 1980. It made national service obligatory for all Filipino citizens and specified
three categories of national service: civic welfare service, law enforcement service and military
service.[3]

• Republic Act 7077

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Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the "Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist
Act", was enacted by the 8thCongress of the Philippineson 27 June 1991. The Reservist Act
provided for organization, training and utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as "Citizen
Soldiers". The primary pool of manpower for the reservist organization are graduates of the
Reserve Officers' Training Corpsbasic and advance courses.[4]

Learning Activity

Directions: Look for the article in the internet about the case of the ROTC in University of Sto.
Tomas (UST). Look also on the story of Mark Chua, a student of the same university. Make an
article or write up that relate the story on the establishment or creation of NSTP as academic
requirement for all tertiary or college students.

Learning Assessment

Directions:Among the three components of NSTP, which do you think is BEST to take by the
first year students in order to help the country in the present crisis. Support your answer by
identifying and discussing some practical solutions.

Learning References

1. Labuguen, Florida C.; et al. (2012). Understanding the National Service Training
Program. Mutya Publishing House. p. 11. ISBN 978-971-821-289-9.
2. National Assembly of the Philippines. "CA No. 1". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
3. Ferdinand E. Marcos. "PD No. 1706". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
4. 8th Congress of the Republic to the Philippines. "RA 7077". Retrieved 28 June 2013.

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Lesson 2 - Philippine Constitution, Preamble and Bill of

Rights

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. analyze the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
2. recognize and acknowledge the duties and obligations of Filipino citizens.
3. cite activities in order to further promote and inculcate nationalism among the
youth.

Learning Content
Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of

Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish
a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
ourselves and posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution”.

Bill of Rights (from Article III of 1987 Phil. Constitution)

1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of

law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any
purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue
upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination
under oath or affirmation of the complaint and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be
seized.
3. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall ne inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise
as prescribed by law.
4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the
press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the
Government for redress of grievances.
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 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof.
6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be
recognized.
8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private
sectors, to form unions, association, or societies for purposes not contrary to law
shall not be abridged.
9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial and adequate legal assistance shall not
be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
12. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his own choice.
13. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
14. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of
law.
15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases
of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
18. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
19. Excessive fine shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless for compelling reasons
involving heinous crime, the Congress hereafter provide for it.
20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino citizens

Among others, the more important duties and obligations of every citizen in a
democratic society are the following:

1. To be loyal to the Republic. This means faith and confidence in the Republic and
love and devotion to the country. The citizen must be proud of his country, its custom,
traditions, language, and institution. He must share in its glories and feel sad in its
misfortunes.

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2. To defend the state. Since the citizens of the Republic receive benefits and protection
from the State of which they are apart, in return, it is their primary and honorable duty to
defend it against any peril, whether from within or from without.

3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State. This should be the
concern of every citizen for he will be the first to enjoy the benefits thereof. He can
contribute to the development and welfare of the state by paying taxes willingly and
promptly, by cooperating in its activities and projects such as the preservation of peace
and order, conservation of the natural resources and the promotion of social justice by
patronizing local products and trades and by engaging in the productive work.

4. To uphold the constitution and obey laws. Since the constitution is the expression of
the sovereign will of our people.

5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.

6. To exercise rights responsible and with due regard for the rights of others.

7. To engage in gainful work. Every citizen must consider his own responsibility and
should strive to become a useful and productive member of society to assure not only
himself but, more importantly, his family a lot worthy of human dignity.Every citizen
should bear in mind that only hard and sustained work can mend a nations live and
survive.

8. To register and vote. It is through suffrage that the will of the people is expressed.
The quality of public officials and the policies of government, the success or failure of
government depend, directly and indirectly, upon the voters.Voters must be
discriminating in evaluating the credentials of candidates and not be satisfied with only
their physical attributes and data.

Duties and Rights of the Filipino People

1. Duties of the People

The people of the Philippine Republic must understand that they have certain duties or
obligations to perform. These duties are the price of freedom and of the rights which
people enjoy
a. to vote honestly and wisely
b. to obey the laws of the land
c. to respect public authority
d. to be loyal to the Republic
e. to defend the Motherland
f. to pay taxes to the government
g. to take active interest in local, national and international affairs

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 2. Rights of the People

a. Natural rights – rights conferred upon human beings by God which cannot be
taken away
Example: right to life, right to love, right to marry

b. Civil rights – rights granted by the State for the promotion of common welfare
of individual citizens
Example: right to own property, right to seek justice in the courts

c. Political rights – rights conferred by the state to the people so that they may
participate in government
Example: right to citizenship, right to suffrage, freedom of speech

d. Constitutional rights – rights recognized and protected by the constitution and

part of the fundamental law of the land
Example: freedom from slavery, freedom to choose one’s residence

e. Statutory rights – rights conferred by statutes or law promulgated by a

lawmaking body and can be abolished by the same body
Example: right to inherit property, right to minimum wage, right to go to
strike for higher wages

Learning Activity

Directions:
1. Relate thePanatangMakabayan and PanunumpasaWatawat ng Pilipinasto the Preamble of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution by discussing its relationship in developing strong
nationalism and patriotism among the Filipino.

2. In relation to PanatangMakabayan, what is your reaction to some Filipinos who stayed

long in other countries like USA and changed their citizenship? Comment on their sense
of nationalism and patriotism.

Learning Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write your answer and submit to
your Instructor or facilitator.

1. How do you internalize the Preamble of our Constitution?

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 2. Think of other possible activities to demonstrate nationalism in your barangay.

Learning References

1. 1987 Philippine Constitution

2. Guillo, RM Jr. and De Chavez, F. I. Civic Welfare Training Service Towards Responsive
Community Organization and Development. Morlanda Publishing. Manila. 2009.
3. Lee, Sergio J. National Service Training Program, Civic Welfare Training Service, Literacy
Training Service: A Source Book 3rd Edition. C 7 E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City 2013.
4. Modules on 16 Good Citizenship Values: Reference for Values Formation by Good
Citizenship Movement, EPPC in partnership with CHED. Institution Building Team EDSA
People Power Commission. 2010.

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Module 1 – Citizenship Training

Lesson 3 - United Nations Principles on Human Rights

Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives
At the end of the topic, students are expected to:
a. recognize human rights as tool for equality and cooperation;
b. identify and explain each provision of the United Nations Declaration of Human
Rights;
c. reflect on the human rights condition in the country;
d. promote human rights awareness.

Learning Content

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The issue of human rights remains relevant as of this day. Every individual is entitled to
his rights in consonance with the existing laws and policies of his ethnicity. In 1948, the United
Nations General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
which was translated into 360 languages – the most translated document in the world. Although
the declaration does not guarantee that no human rights abuse will happen, it serves as guide to
every country in crafting their laws and policies concerning human rights. It is composed of
thirty articles from which the world based its decision to discern what is right and what is wrong.

Thus, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is defined as a common standard of

achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of
society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to
promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and
international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the
peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their
jurisdiction.

Preamble

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all
members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which
have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall

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enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the
highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to

rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of
law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights
of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life
in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and
fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest

importance for the full realization of this pledge.

Article 1 - All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2 - Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, without
distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made
on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to
which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4 - No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5 - No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or

punishment.

Article 6 - Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7 - All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation
of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

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Article 8 - Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for
acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9 - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10 – Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent
and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal
charge against him.

Article 11- (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until
proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary
for his defence.

(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission
which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time
when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was
applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12 - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13 – (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders
of each State.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his
country.

Article 14 – (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.

(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from
non- political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15 – (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.

Article 16 – (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to
marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending
spouses.

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(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to
protection by society and the State.

Article 17 – (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18 – Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community
with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice,
worship and observance.

Article 19 – Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and
ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20 – (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21 – (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.

(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall
be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22 – Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to
realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the
organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights
indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23 – (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for
himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if
necessary, by other means of social protection.

(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his
interests.

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Article 24 – Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working
hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25 – (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-
being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and
necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness,
disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children,
whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26 – (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and
professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally
accessible to all on the basis of merit.

(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to
the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote
understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and
shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their
children.

Article 27 – (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community,
to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.

(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting
from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Article 28 – Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29 – (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.

(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such
limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition
and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of
morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.

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Article 30 - Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of
the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Issues of Human Rights in the Philippines

1. Philippine War – Drug Campaign - human rights groups and activists are accusing the
Duterte government of extra-judicial killings.

2. Death Penalty – many representatives filed bills seeking to reinstate the Death Penalty
which were strongly opposed by the Catholic Church

3. Lowering the Age of Criminal Liability – the constitution provides that children are 18
years below. Lowering the criminal liability is a violation of children’s rights.

4. Freedom of Expression – the closure of ABS-CBN and veteran journalist Maria Ressa
were categorized by their supporters as violation of human rights.

5. Rights of the members of the LGBTI Community – the controversial SOGIE Bill
divided the opinions of Filipinos about human rights.

Additional Information of the Human Rights in the Philippines

1. Human rights can be classified as individual, collective, civil, political, economic,

social and cultural.

2. Article III of the 1987 Constitution also called as the Bill of Rights provides Filipino
citizen’s rights, protection and privileges.

3. In 2014, nearly 75,000 people filed for recognition as victims of human rights
violations during the implementation of the Martial Law.

For more information on Human Rights Issues in the Philippines, you may visit:

https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/report-
philippines/?fbclid=IwAR08Y2g2Zlb9trelKj5RGQ-h2W2z-
Vib4VRDHSgoVlgpyHjMkmpbn4eHaN4

Learning Activity

Directions:Interview someone who had experienced Martial Law. Let them compare the human
rights situation then and now. Report the report of your interview.

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Learning Assessment

Directions:Answer the following questions

1. What is human rights and how does it affect our daily living?

2. What can you say on the human rights situation in the Philippines? Expand your answer.

3. How will you promote human rights awareness?

Learning References

July 21, 2020https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf

July 21, 2020 https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/report-

philippines/?fbclid=IwAR08Y2g2Zlb9trelKj5RGQ-h2W2z-
Vib4VRDHSgoVlgpyHjMkmpbn4eHaN4

July 21, 2020 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-

republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/

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Lesson 4 - Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines

Learning Objectives

At the end of the topic, students are expected to:

a. recognize R.A. 8491 and its provisions;

b. explain the importance of flag and other national symbols;
c. identify the steps on how to properly fold the Philippine flag;
d. promote nationalism among youth.

For students and instructors’ material, please access at

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AYaGyMZcT32gj1N8APqMcEgo2yG8Wzhv/view?usp=sharin
g

Learning Content

Salient Feature of RA No. 8491 of 2002 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines)

Philippine Flag
Our national flag is the symbol of our
country. It shows our unity as a people. It stands for
our high ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when
you show respect for the flag, you also show respect
for our country and people. One way to show respect
is to handle the flag properly.

A flag is a sacred and respected feature of the

nation which it represents. Each nation’s flag has a
specific way in which it should be displayed and folded.

The Philippine national flag is said to be the primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie,
sovereignty, solidarity and unity. It is therefore, the symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our
country.

Flag History
The national flag of the Philippine is a horizontal bicolor with equal bands of blue and
red, and white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side, at the center of the triangle is a golden
yellow sun with eight primary rays (which signifies eight provinces) each containing three
individual rays; and at each corner of the triangle is a five-pointed golden yellow stat. The sun
with eight rays in the Philippine flag represents the first eight provinces (Manila, Bulacan,

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Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and Cavite) that revolt and fought for
independence from the Spanish-rule.
The flag was conceptualized by
Emilio Aguinaldo. The first flag was
sewn in Hongkong by Marcela Agoncillo,
her daughter Lorenza, and Dona
DelfinaHerbosa de Natividad, niece of
Jose Rizal. The flag is displayed with the
blue field on the top in times of peace, and
with red field on top in times of war. The
flag is unique in the sense that it can
indicate a state of war when the red field is
displayed on top or on the observer’s left
when the flag is displayed vertically, with
the white equilateral triangle at the top
end.

Flag Construction
The flag’s length is twice its width, which translate
into an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length of all sides of the white
triangle is equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented
in such manner that one of its tips points towards the vertex at
which it is located.

Flag Protocol
The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residence, public
plazas, and schools every day throughout the year. The days of the 28th of may (national Flag
day) and 12th of June 9Independence day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices,
agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions of learning
and private homes are enjoined to display the flag. In Section 9 of RA 8491, the Philippine flag
must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations:

1. Malacaňang Palace,
2. The Congress of the Philippine buildings (Senate and House of Representatives)
3. Supreme Court of the Philippine Building
4. The Rizal Monument
5. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
6. Barasain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan
7. Tomb of theUnknown Soldiers in La Union, Libingan ng mgaBayani in Makati)
8. Mauseleo de losVeteranos de la Revolucion
9. All international ports of entry

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10. All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Commission of the
Philippines (NHCP).
Half-mast
The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign or mourning. Upon the official
announcement of the death of the president or a former President, the flag should be flown at
half-mast for 10 days. The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven (7) days following the
death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the president of the Senate or the speaker of the
House of the Representatives.
The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast
upon the death of other persons to be determined by the
NHCP, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be
flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the
day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme
Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of
Representative, and such other persons as may be
determined by the NHCP.
When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first
hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the half-
mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it
is lowered for the day.

Folding the Flag

1. Hold the flag at each of its four corners and pull it taut.
The folder holds the corners at the end with the blue and
red fields.
2. Fold the flag in half, lengthwise, with red field covering
the blue field. Pull it taut again making sure the open
side’s edges are flush with one another.
3. Fold it in half again, the closed side over the open side,
again maintaining the flattening tension and parallel,
flush edges on the open side. The blue field should now
be displayed face up.
4. Take the closed side’s blue field corner and fold it over
the open side such that what was the bottom edge is now
parallel and flush with open side forming a right triangle
(with 900).
5. At the right angle, fold the flag again such that a new
right triangle is formed, still keeping the open edges
parallel.
6. Fold the right –angled corner of the new triangle over
such that it forms a new right triangle with what had
been the bottom edge now flush with the side of the flag
below it.
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7. Continue this sequence of folds creating right triangle until the flag is completely folded
into right triangle bundle. The white field and yellow sun should now predominate in the
visible areas of the flag.
Prohibited Acts
In Section 34 of RA 8491, the flag cannot be used in the following rationales:
1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as a salute, or adding additional marks
on the flag;
2. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as part of a costume or a uniform;
3. As a trademark or for commercial or agricultural labels or designs;
4. As part of merchandise or in any advertisement or infomercial; and
5. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles.

Other Rules on the Display of the Philippine Flag

1. On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when
the ship is at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship
is at sea.
2. On all aircraft with Philippine registry, the Philippine Flag shall be prominently
displayed horizontally on its fuselage with the hoist side pointing the forward direction.
3. The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at
the Rizal Park, Manila (107ft).

Learning Activity

Directions:Conduct an interview or research on how to properly dispose the Philippine

Flag. Report your work through video presentation.

Learning Assessment
Directions:Answer the following questions.

1. Is the provisions of RA 8491 very clear to you? Explain it.

2. Using a graphic organizer, make a timeline of the history of the Philippine flag.

3. Make a two – minute infomercial promoting nationalism and respect to Philippine flag.

Learning References

RA 8491
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July 25, 2020 https://www.slideshare.net/ejentero/flag-and-the-heraldic-code-of-the-philippines

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Lesson 5 - Good Citizenship Values

Learning Objectives

At the end of the topic, students are expected to:

a. analyze the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution;

b. give the duties and obligations of Filipino citizens;
c. cite activities in teachingnationalism.

Learning Content

Developing Good Citizenship

Every right has a corresponding responsibility. Next to the right to live is the right
for citizenship. It provides man the necessary protection of the state, identity, education,
job opportunities, securities and all other rights provided by existing laws.

To the students and instructor, you may access the diagnostic test on Philippine
Citizenship at https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=philippine-
citizenship-test-practice.

Preamble of the 1987 Constitution

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the
rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain
and promulgate this Constitution.

Citizenship

Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society,

which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part member and
duty of protection on the part of the State.

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Citizen

A citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a

democratic community who enjoys a full civil and political rights and its accorded
protection inside and outside the territory of the State.

Article IV, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution identifies the following as citizens
of the Philippines:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of said
Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; those born before
January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon
reaching the age of majority; and
3. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Great ideal in the life of every citizen

The greatest ideal in the life of every citizen must be patriotism or love of
country. This achieved through the exercise the positive nationalism and the defense of
our sovereignty when it is threatened by outside and inside forces.

Next to loyalty to God is loyalty to country which is sealed by a pledge of

allegiance such loyalty is neither through compulsion of force, as motivated by certain
material considerations.

Filipino citizen’s loyalty

As a citizen, we have several objects of loyalty in our country, superiors or duly

constituted authorities, principle, our flag, our word of honor.

Filipino may differ in physical features but they are bound by their love for the
country they call their own. They are proud of the cultural heritage and prouder still to
belong to a race of people known for their courage and love of freedom.

Loyalty must be inspired by the respect and faith in the cause to which we
subscribe. It should not be servility or fanaticism. Loyalty is based on love of country,
respect for superiors, belief in the cause and principle, reverence for national symbols and
loyalty to one’s world of honor.

Acquiring Citizenship
1.There are two principles of citizenship in the world, “jus solis” (by blood) and
“jus sanguinis” (by birth).
2. A baby who was born within the air space or within 12 nautical miles from the
boarder of the United States will automatically have US citizenship regardless of
the parent’s nationality.

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3. Commonwealth Act No. 473 provides the qualifications and processes for
acquiring Filipino citizenship.

Learning Activity

Directions:Compose a three –stanza poem encouraging good citizenship (English

or Filipino). Record yourself while reciting it.

Learning Assessment

Directions:Answer the following questions:

1. How do you internalize the Preamble of our Constitution?

2. Think of other possible activities to demonstrate the inculcating of nationalism.

Learning References

1. 1987 Philippine Constitution

2. Commonwealth Act No. 473
3. GuilloJr.,Romeo M, Content Standards of Literacy Training Service, Morlanda
Publishing, 2011
4. July 25, 2020 https://thepointsguy.com/2018/01/what-is-the-citizenship-of-a-
baby-born-on-an-airplane/
5. July 25, 2020 https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=philippine-
citizenship-test-practice.

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Lesson 6 – Voter Citizenship Education

Learning Objectives
At the end of the topic, students are expected to:
a) recognize the duties and responsibilities as voter;
b) inspire to participate actively in activities whether in national or local elections

Learning Content
The Filipino citizen-voter education cover the political and electoral system, human
rights, and governance that serve to contribute to efforts at developing matured and informed
political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters.

1. What is election?
Election is the means by which the people choose their officials for definite and fixed
periods

2. What are the different types of electoral exercises?

The two (2) types of electoral exercises are:
a) regular elections (national, local, barangay, ARMM, SK)
b) special elections (plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall)

3. What is the right of suffrage?

Suffrage is the human right to vote to which, in the Philippines, is embodied in three
documents:
a) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
b) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and
c) The 1987 Philippine Constitution.

These documents all call for universality of the right; equality in access to public
service; and secrecy of voters. The political choice and decision you make will determine
the kind of government that will serve the country. The will of the people, then, will be
best expressed in clean, orderly and honest election.

4. Who are qualified to vote in Philippine elections?

a) Citizens of the Philippines;
b) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections;
c) A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein
he/she proposes to vote for at least six months before the elections.

5. Who are qualified to vote under the Overseas Absentee Voting Law?
a) Filipino citizen abroad

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b) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections
c) Immigrants with affidavit to resume residence in the Philippines
d) Permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines.

6. Who are disqualified by law to vote in Philippine elections?

a) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year
b) Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and
firearms law, or any crime against national security or disloyalty to the government
c) Insane or incompetent persons

7. How often are the elections held?

a) Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local election
National and local elections are held on the second Monday of May every third
year starting 1992. The presidential and vice presidential elections are held every six
years. Election Days in which the president and vice president and barangay officials
are not elected are called "midterm elections"; Election Days in which the president
and vice president are elected are called "presidential elections". Barangay-level
officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are
elected separately the succeeding months.
b) Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and SK officials
Barangay-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years
during the last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed
(and incumbents' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure.
c) Every 3 years from March 1993 – ARRM elections
Elections for the positions in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM), starting from 2011, are to be held every three years during the
second Monday of May.

8. What are the actions points for citizen-voters in exercising the right of suffrage?
a) Before elections
Prepare to exercise the right of suffrage and the right to an informed and free choice.
 Register during the period allowed for voter registration.
 Be informed of the issues, platforms, and personalities of the political
candidates.
 Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders in terms of the
candidate’s social affiliations and interests, competence, lifestyle, and
performance records.
 Conduct/participate in public debates that would inform citizens and gain the
commitment of the candidates to integrate, foremost, the interests and welfare
of the citizen in their program of government.
b) During elections
Exercise vigilance and the right to vote.
 Vote according to your conscience

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 Protect the integrity of your own vote from any other undue influence
 Volunteer in organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections
 Watch out for instance of cheating in the elections and inform authorities and
the rest of the electorate of such activities.
c) After elections
Practice continued vigilance and participate in governance.
 Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of votes
 Attend consultations and public hearings, and participate in local special
bodies.
 Legislate advocacy – s process where citizens talk with lawmakers and other
implementers in the government to ensure that the concerns and welfare of
the general public are included in the discussion and making of laws.
d) The Election process
These are the steps in the election process:
 Registration day
 Revision day
 List of votes
 Casting of votes
 Counting of votes
 Preparation of election returns and other reports
 Distribution of election returns
• Board of Canvassers (for President and Vice President
• Board of Canvassers (for Senators)
• Board of Canvassers (for Provincial/City/District/Municipal)
 Proclamation of winning candidates
e) Citizen-voter participation in Political affairs
 Initiation and Referendum
Through the system of initiative and referendum, the people can directly
propose, exact, and reject laws at the local level. Citizens may directly
propose amendments to the Constitution by a petition of at least 12% of the
total number of registered voters where three (3) % of registered voters in
each legislative district are presented
 Plebiscite
Through plebiscite, the people approve or reject the call for a Constitution,
approve or reject proposed changes in the Constitution and, at the local level,
express their will on certain local issues.
 Sectoral Representation
The party-list system of representation gives sectors the chance to be
represented in Congress together with Congressmen/women or
Representative. The Constitution and the 1991 Local Government Code
(LGC) allow for representation of sectors in the local legislature or
Sanggunian.
 Local special Bodies
Ordinary citizens are called to sit in local special bodies such as the local
health boards, school boards, peace and order councils, and

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developmentcouncils for consultation. The barangay assembly has the power

to hear and judge the report of Sangguniang Barangay’s (SB) performance.
 Absentee Voting system
Republic Act 9189 or the Absentee Voting Law provides for a system which
allows qualified Filipinos abroad to vote in national elections in the
Philippines.

Learning Activity

Directions: Interview any of the following:

a) a former barangay official
b) an incumbent barangay official
c) three (3) members of the community who cast their votes three (3) times already.

Ask them how the election mean for them; how active are they before, during and after
election. For non-barangay officials, ask their participation after the election. Record your
interview and make a report or narrative.

Learning Assessment
Directions: Answer the following test items.
1. What do you call to the right of every citizen in legal age to elect their government
official? _______________________
2. Qualified Filipino citizen shall register for election at the barangay office.
True _____ or False _____
3. President of the Republic of the Philippines are elected every three years.
True _____ or False _____
4. Governor and Mayors are elected at the same election period.
True _____ or False _____
5. Judicial positions are also elected officials of the government.
True _____ or False _____
6. According to the election code, election for barangay officials and SanguniangKabataan
(SK) officials are held at the same time.
True _____ or False _____
7. Registered and qualified Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) are allowed to cast their
votes.
True _____ or False _____
8. All Filipino citizens are qualified to vote.
True _____ or False _____
9. The following are the qualified to vote in Philippine elections except one.
a) A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein
he/she proposes to vote for at least six months before the elections.

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b) Filipino citizen with dual nationality

c) Citizens of the Philippines;
d) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections;
10. Who among the following Filipino citizen are not granted to exercise their right to vote
by law during elections?
a) Insane or incompetent persons
b) Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and
firearms law, or any crime against national security or disloyalty to the government
c) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year
d) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for lifetime.

Learning References
1. Modules on 16 Good Citizenship Values: Reference for Values Formation by Good
Citizenship Movement, EPPC in partnership with CHED. Institution Building Team EDSA
People Power Commission. 2010.
2. Soriano (SR), L.E. RA (Commissioner Chairperson) Modules on Good Citizenship Values
Good Citizenship Movement, Institution Building Team EDSA People Power Commission.
2004.
3. Your Vote. Our Future: Citizen Participation in Election 2003 (A Primer)

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