SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.

Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon Sts., Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax: (086) 211-3046, 211-5092, 211-3862
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

MIDTERM EXAM

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Write the letter of
your choice on the answer sheet provided.
1. A branch of science which deals with the application of chemistry in the identification of physical
evidence.
a. Chemistry c. Toxicology
b. Forensic Chemistry d. Forensic Toxicology
2. A professional chemist who analyzes evidence that is brought in from crime scenes and reaches a
conclusion based on tests is a _____.
a. Chemist c.Toxicologist
b. Forensic Toxicologist d. Forensic Scientist
3. Forensic is from latin word “____________” meaning forum.
a. forensis c. legalist
b. market place d. discussion
4. It is the plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed.
a. Serum c. Plasma
b. RBC d. WBC
5. What do you call the fluid portion of anticoagulated blood which is rich in fibrinogen and is
composed of 55% of the whole blood?
a. Serum c. Plasma
b. RBC d. .WBC
6. The blood that defends the body against harmful bacteria and microorganisms is _____.
a. Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes c. White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
b. Platelets or Thrombocytes d. Cells and Tissues
7. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood which is rich in fibrinogen and is composed of about
_____ of whole blood is blood plasma.
a. 60% c. 55%
b. 70% d. 75%
8. Is the circulating tissue of the body, which refers to a high complex mixture of cells.
a. Blood c. Water
b. Plasma d. Serum
9. Transport oxygen.
a. Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes c. White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
b. Platelets or Thrombocytes d. Cells and Tissues
10. Plays a major role in homeostasis (control of bleeding) by plugging up a breach in a vessel.
a. Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes c. White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
b. Platelets or Thrombocytes d. Cells and Tissues
11. What is a volume blood account for human body weight?
a. 60% c. 65%
b. 70% d. 75%
12. In viscosity, Blood is ____thicker than water.
a. 4-5x c. 5-6x
b. 6-7x d. 7-8x
13. The normal pH of blood is in the range of…
a. 7.35- 7.45 c. 7.45- 7.45
b. 7.35- 7.65 d. 7.45- 7.55
14. Blood and blood stains are_____________, whereby a trained officer must at all times be assigned
for a thorough search and collection of samples for examination.
a. trace evidence c. physical evidence
 b. circumstantial evidence d. direct evidence
15. In any crimes of violence where blood/ blood stains are the ______________ it is of prime
importance to collect samples of blood from the victim as well as the suspect to serve as standard
for comparison.
a. trace evidence c. physical evidence
b. circumstantial evidence d. direct evidence
16. In handling or collecting blood-stained physical evidence, you’ll have to bear in mind that blood is a
________ substance so that proper care and correct packing must be done to prevent blood from
decomposing before reaching the laboratory for examinations.
a. perishable c. delicate
b. fragile d. fresh
17. is defined as a means, sanctioned by this rules, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth
regarding a matter of fact.
a. Evidence c. Criminal Things
b. Facts d. Matter
18. are those evidence that cannot be moved and/ or impossible to collect in its entirety for delivery in
the laboratory and subsequently presentation in court.
a. Movable c. Fixed
b. Searching d. Physical
19. can be collected or moved and deliver to the laboratory for examination and can be presented in
court in its original form.
a. Movable c. Fixed
b. Searching d. Physical
20. If the clothing is heavily stained with blood and cannot be delivered immediately to the laboratory,
then it must be __________ to prevent putrefaction.
a. air-dry c. refrigerated
b. dry d. sealed plastic bags
21. Determine whether the stain contains blood or another substance. Determines whether visible
stains do or do not contain blood. It is used to demonstrate the presence of blood.
a. PRELIMINARY TEST c. CONFIRMATORY TEST
b. PRECIPITIN TEST d. BLOOD GROUPING TEST
22. Which of the following is a possible blood type of a child whose parents have O and AB blood
types?
a. A, AB c. B
b. O d. AB
23. Determines the blood group of human.
a. PRELIMINARY TEST c. CONFIRMATORY TEST
b. PRECIPITIN TEST d. BLOOD GROUPING TEST
24. Which of the following is not a possible blood types of a child whose parents both have AB blood
types?
a. A c. B, AB
b. O d. A, B and AB
25. Determines whether blood is a human or non-human origin, and if non human, the specific animal
family from which it originated.
a. PRELIMINARY TEST c. CONFIRMATORY TEST
b. PRECIPITIN TEST d. BLOOD GROUPING TEST
26. Determines whether bloodstain really contains blood. Test that positively identifies blood.
a. PRELIMINARY TEST c. CONFIRMATORY TEST
b. PRECIPITIN TEST d. BLOOD GROUPING TEST
27. An extremely sensitive test that can be applied to minute stain.
a. Benzidine Test c. Phenolphthalein Test
b. Guaiacum Test d. Leucomalachite Green Test
28. An alternative test to benzidine test. It can detect blood in a dilution of 1:80,000,000 parts. A
positive results with this test is highly indicative of blood.
a. Benzidine Test c. Phenolphthalein Test
b. Guaiacum Test d. Leucomalachite Green Test
 29. A fairly delicate test showing the presence of fresh blood in a solution of 1:50,000 dilution. It may
not react to very old stains.
a. Benzidine Test c. Phenolphthalein Test
b. Guaiacum Test d. Leucomalachite Green Test
30. Not as sensitive as the benzidine test.
a. Benzidine Test c. Phenolphthalein Test
b. Guaiacum Test d. Leucomalachite Green Test
31. The red coloring matter of the red blood cells of the blood.
a. PEROXIDASE c. HEMOGLOBIN
b. OXIDATION. d. LUMINESCENCE
32. An important presumptive identification test for blood.
a. LUMINOUS TEST c. MICROSCOPIC TEST
b. TAKAYAMA TEST d. SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
33. Useful for the demonstration and mensuration of blood corpuscles for making the distinction
between mammalian, avian, piscine, and reptilian blood and for the investigation of menstrual,
lochial and nasal charges. In short it differentiates mammalian, avian, piscine and reptilian blood.
a. LUMINOUS TEST c. MICROSCOPIC TEST
b. TAKAYAMA TEST d. SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
34. Which of the following is not a possible blood types of a child whose parents both have AB blood
types?
c. A c. B
d. O d. AB
35. One of the two popular microchemical test. A delicate test for the presence of hemoglobin.
a. LUMINOUS TEST c. MICROSCOPIC TEST
b. TAKAYAMA TEST d. SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

36. Individuals who have neither of the two antigens on their red cells. Their cells showed no
agglutination with either “anti-A” or “anti-B”.
a. Group A c. Group C
b. Group B d. Group AB
37. What test where the end point color for the presence of blood is peacock blue green.
a. Benzidine Test c. Guaiacum Test
b. Phenolphthalein Test d. Leukomalachite Green Test
38. This test proves only the presence of peroxidase.
a. Benzidine Test c. Guaiacum Test
b. Phenolphthalein Test d. Leukomalachite Green Test
39. Are known specimens to compare with the questioned needed to aid in establishing a suspect’s
relationship to the crime under investigation?
a. Standard Specimen c. Known Specimen
b. Sample d. Standard
40. Which of the following is not a possible blood types of a child whose parents have O & A blood
types?
a. A c. B
b. O d. B & AB
II. ENUMERATION: Enumerate the following
1. FOUR STAGES OF WORK OF A FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
2. SIX GOLDEN RULES IN THE PRACTICE OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
3. THE FOUR TEST FOR BLOOD:
4. THE THREE CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BLOOD
5. LOCATION OF SEMEN AND SEMEN STAIN AS EVIDENCE
6. FOUR EXAMINATION FOR SEMINAL STAINS OR SEMINAL FLUID IN THE FORM OF STAINS
NAMELY:
7. PARTS OF SEMEN

III. ESSAY: Discuss briefly the difference between ordinary & expert witness…(10 pts each)
 A. FOUR STAGES OF WORK OF A FORENSIC CHEMISTRY:

1. Collection or reception of this specimen/evidence to be examined.

a. Sufficiency of samples
b. Standard specimen for comparison
c. Maintenance of individuality
d. Labeling and sealing
2. The actual examination of the specimen
3. Communication of results of the examinations
4. Court appearance

B. SIX GOLDEN RULES IN THE PRACTICE OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

1. Go Slowly
2. Be thorough
3. Take note
4. Consult others
5. Use imagination
6. Avoid complicated theories

C. THE FOUR TEST FOR BLOOD:

1. PRELIMINARY TEST
2. CONFIRMATORY TEST
3. PRECIPITIN TEST
4. BLOOD GROUPING TEST

D. THE THREE CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BLOOD

1. Microscopic Test
2. Microchemical Test
3. Spectroscope Test

E. LOCATION OF SEMEN AND SEMEN STAIN AS EVIDENCE

1. Under clotting
2. Clothing
3. Skin
4. Air
5. Vagina
6. Rectal contains of the victim
7. Around the genitals

F. FOUR EXAMINATION FOR SEMINAL STAINS OR SEMINAL FLUID IN THE FORM OF STAINS
NAMELY:

1. Physical Examination
2. Chemical Examination
a. Florence Test
b. Barberio’s Test
c. Acid-phospahtase Test
3. Microscopic Examination
4. Biological Examination

G. PARTS OF SEMEN
1. seminal fluid
2. formed Elements Cellular
a. spermatozoa
b. epithelial cells
c. crystal and choline

Discuss briefly the difference between ordinary & expert witness

ORDINARY WITNESS

State facts and may not express his opinions or conclusions. He may testify to impressions of
common experiments such as the speed of a vehicle, whether a voice was that of a man, woman or child.
Beyond this he is closely limited.

EXPERT WITNESS

One who posses a special skill, be it in art, trade or science or one who has special knowledge in
waters not generally known to men or ordinary education and experiments. A person skilled in some art,
trade or science to the extent that he possesses information not within the common knowledge of man.