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International Herald Tribune 2011.04.01
International Herald Tribune 2011.04.01
International Herald Tribune 2011.04.01
....
FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
nation and alter future along with the new suits and crisp white build. ‘‘My life has completely meaning to his own. operatives to Libya to gather intelli- Foreign Minister Moussa Koussa. British
shirts that are the uniforms of corporate changed,’’ he said while sitting in the job JAPAN, PAGE 8 gence for military airstrikes and to con- officials were interrogating him Thursday.
BY KEN BELSON Japan. But they face a landscape as un- office at Sendai University. ‘‘Before, my tact and vet the rebels.
certain as any in their young lives, with life was peaceful and predictable. Now, SCANT PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR CRISIS Other than the sons of Colonel Qad- REBELS WARNED ON KILLING OF CIVILIANS
As hundreds of thousands of young Japan’s economy hobbled and its nation- I’m not sure what the future holds.’’ Troublesomely high radiation readings dafi, the only other official as close to the NATO’s warning, and intense
people begin their working lives on Fri- al pride bruised by the triple disasters of While he awaits word from his em- reinforced fears that the disaster in Libyan leader as Mr. Koussa is Adbdul- consultations on just who is a civilian,
day, they face a transformed Japan that earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis. ployer, Mr. Miura plans to follow his Japan was far from ending. PAGE 8 lah Senussi, his brother-in-law and a top come as battle lines blur in Libya. PAGE 4
Infighting frays Afghan Taliban Irish banks need ¤24 billion Mercury comes into focus Roger Cohen
The Afghan Taliban are showing signs The Irish government said Thursday The Mercury Messenger is to spend American exceptionalism has always
of increasing strain after a number of that four banks needed to raise an at least a year in orbit. Its visit is the made President Obama uneasy. But
killings, arrests and internal disputes additional ¤24 billion to cover problem last frontier of planetary exploration speed in ousting Muammar el-Qaddafi,
that have reached them even in their real estate loans, part of the results of a for NASA for quite some time. the goal from which Western leaders
haven in Pakistan, Afghan security long-awaited stress test on the The first close-ups of Mercury. cannot retreat, is essential. PAGE 7
officials and Afghans with contacts in country’s failing financial institutions. global.nytimes.com/science
the Taliban say. The insurgents have While largely expected, the total aid Pakistan is also erupting
visit
been under pressure since U.S. forces figure was still a jarring number. PAGE 14 President Obama’s policy is failing as
doubled their presence in southern resentment over drone strikes and anti-
Afghanistan last year and greatly Data signal patchy E.U. revival U.S. propaganda by Islamic militants
increased the number of special forces The uneven nature of the European take their toll, Peter Charles Choharis
raids aimed at Taliban commanders. economic recovery was underlined and Shamshek Asad write. PAGE 6
Thursday by figures that showed higher
WORLD NEWS prices and weak consumption across the COMING THIS WEEKEND
euro zone. The Portuguese budget
Tea Party’s corporate reach situation worsened even as the picture in Battling the superbugs
A conglomerate in Indonesia finds France and Germany improved. PAGE 14 After the discovery of penicillin, the
support as factions within the Tea Party first antibiotic, in 1928, the world
movement bear corporate messages Subsidy setback for Boeing assumed it had the chemicals to beat
wrapped in populist themes. PAGE 5 Boeing received at least $5.3 billion in bacteria. Now, though, the world’s drug
improper U.S. government subsidies to companies may be running out of road.
Book on Gandhi upsets Indians develop its 787 Dreamliner and other jet ‘‘You can’t win against evolution,’’ said
The book suggests that the father of models, giving it an unfair advantage a scientist who spends his days
modern India was bisexual. But the over Airbus, its European rival, the tracking the emergence of superbugs.
author, Joseph Lelyveld, denies that it World Trade Organization confirmed in ‘‘All you can seek to do is to stay a jump
makes any such argument. PAGE 8 a report published Thursday. PAGE 15 NASA ahead.’’
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2 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
page two
The politics
one member of his team doesn’t even
own a car.
These are revolutionary notions in
of change on
Calgary, a city that is spread across as
many acres as New York, but houses
just a tenth as many people. Calgarians
the prairie
love their cars — that’s how more than
two-thirds of them get to work — and
they are bullish on the oil industry that
not only puts gas in their tanks but also
is the lifeblood of their economy.
Yet these same Calgarians embraced
a geeky, Harvard-educated former
McKinsey consultant, who keeps
magazines like IFR and The Banker in
his foyer and loves technocratic solu-
tions to urban problems like ‘‘spot in-
Chrystia tensification’’ and containing sprawl by
charging developers more to build on
Freeland the outskirts of town.
Voters did so, Mr. Nenshi believes,
‘‘because we didn’t condescend to
WAY OF T H E WO R L D people.’’ Calgary, he told me, ‘‘is a city
of ideas,’’ proudly citing as evidence
the sell-out crowd of 1,700 the author
CALGARY, ALBERTA Conventional wis- Malcolm Gladwell drew on a recent
dom has it that the Internet is dumbing visit. (He has been topped only by the
us down and making politics more par- singer Sarah McLachlan.)
tisan. Sound bites are more effective ‘‘Calgarians were really interested in
than substance. The punditocracy that having a conversation about the future
shapes these truisms is, needless to of their city,’’ the mayor told me. But
say, pretty certain they apply most the province of Alberta is the closest
powerfully to people in the provinces, Canada comes to a one-party state —
especially those with a history of vot- ‘‘governments never change here’’ —
ing for the right. and until Mr. Nenshi and his pals came
That is why the election of Naheed along, no one had really bothered to
Nenshi, a 39-year-old former business bring people in to that discussion.
school professor, as mayor of Calgary, is This engagement with the community
a watershed event that should be of in- is the second important lesson of Mr.
terest far beyond Canada, where he has Nenshi’s win. Robert Putnam told us in
already become a political superstar. 1995 that Americans had started to bowl
When Mr. Nenshi earned his upset alone. And many of us worry that the
victory last October, the first flutter of advances in technology in the sub-
outside enthusiasm was around the sequent 15 years have served mostly to
fact that an Ismaili Muslim son of alienate us further from our real-life
South Asian immigrants who came to neighbors as we retreat ever deeper into
Canada from Tan- virtual communities of the like-minded.
A desire to be zania had been But what Mr. Nenshi found in Cal- MATIULLAH ACHAKZAI/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
chosen to lead the gary was a passionate desire to be in- Kojak Pass, the only route that connects the Afghan border town of Chaman with the southwestern Pakistani city of Quetta, where three Taliban commanders were killed in February.
involved in
capital of Canada’s volved in the real, physical life of the
the real, phys- conservative heart- city — and one which could be most ef-
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 | 3
World News
europe
B R I E F LY
Europe
Italy clearing
cartier.com
a burdened
Sicilian isle
G E N EVA
BY THOM SHANKER
AND CHARLIE SAVAGE
discontent
As NATO takes over control of airstrikes
in Libya and the Obama administration
considers new steps to tip the balance of
before rally
power there, members of the allied coali- DAMASCUS
tion have issued stern warnings to rebel
fighters not to attack civilians as they FROM NEWS REPORTS
push against the regime of Col. Muam-
mar el-Qaddafi, according to senior mil- Facing a huge protest movement de-
itary and government officials. manding reform, President Bashar al-
Otherwise, the fog of war will not Assad on Thursday set up committees
shield them from possible bombardment to look into the deaths of civilians during
by NATO planes and missiles, just as the nearly two weeks of unrest and into re-
regime’s forces have been punished. placing decades-old emergency laws.
‘‘We’ve been conveying a message to The moves appear to be a carefully
the rebels that we will be compelled to designed attempt by Mr. Assad to head
defend civilians, whether pro-Qaddafi off protests planned for Friday while
or pro-opposition,’’ a senior Obama ad- showing that he would not be pressured
ministration official said. ‘‘We are work- to implement changes but rather would
ing very hard behind the scenes with make them at his own pace.
the rebels so we don’t confront a situ- On Wednesday, during his first com-
ation where we face a decision to strike ments since the protests began, he
the rebels to defend civilians.’’ dashed expectations that he would an-
The warnings, and intense consulta- nounce sweeping changes, instead
tions within the NATO-led coalition on blaming a foreign conspiracy for two
its rules for attacking anyone who en- weeks of popular fury.
dangers innocent civilians, come at a It was not immediately clear whether
time when the civil war in Libya is be- the overtures Thursday would succeed
coming ever more chaotic and the battle in pacifying a growing protest move-
lines ever less distinct. They raise a fun- ment in one of the Middle East’s most
damental question with which the mili- autocratic regimes.
tary is grappling: What is a civilian? Activists have called for demonstra-
In the early days of the campaign, the tions across Syrian provinces on Friday,
civilian population needing protection dubbing it ‘‘Martyrs Day,’’ in what could
was hunkered down in cities like prove to be a turning point in the coun-
Benghazi, behind a thin line of rebel try’s future.
fighters who were playing a defensive Syrian television said the ruling
role, and so were easily distinguishable Baath Party’s regional command had
from the attacking government forces. formed a committee made up of legal
That’s no longer always the case. experts to study legislation that would
Armed rebels — some in organized mili- NASSER NASSER/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS ‘‘guarantee the country’s security and
tias, along with other young men who A rebel shelling forces loyal to Col. Qaddafi outside the eastern town of Brega, Libya. NATO members have issued stern warnings to rebel fighters not to attack pro-Qaddafi civilians. dignity of Syrians and combat terror-
have picked up rifles to fight them — ism.’’
have moved out of Benghazi in an effort ‘‘This would pave the way for lifting
to take control of other population cen- protect rebels who are no longer simply striking,’’ an Obama administration offi- flight zone and other steps to protect ci- to return home for whatever reason, the state of emergency laws,’’ it said.
ters en route, they hope, to seizing defending civilian populated areas like cial briefed on the intelligence said. vilians makes no distinction between thus transitioning back to civilian non- The widely despised, decades-old emer-
Tripoli. Benghazi but are on the offensive. The civil war has seen repeated ad- pro-rebel and pro-Qaddafi civilians. combatants.’’ gency laws give the regime a free hand
Fresh intelligence this week showed ‘‘This is a challenge,’’ a senior alli- vances and retreats by both sides, and Senior legal advisers to the military As the fighting draws closer to tribal to arrest people without charge.
that Libyan government forces were ance military officer said. ‘‘The problem that is expected to continue. The highest campaign say that unarmed civilians, areas that are more likely to be pro-Qad- The state-run news agency said the
supplying assault rifles to civilians in of discriminating between combatant concern is not how to deal with fighters whether living in towns or fleeing the dafi, the allies fear that the rebels them- committee would complete its study by
Surt, a town populated by Qaddafi loyal- and civilian is never easy, and it is com- loyal to the regime, but how NATO fighting, are protected by the U.N. reso- selves will inevitably be trying to take April 25.
ists. These civilian Qaddafi sympath- pounded when you have Libyan regime would respond to rebels firing on a town lution, while opposition forces taking an cities by force and could end up endan- Syrian TV also said Mr. Assad had set
izers, freshly armed by the government forces fighting irregular forces, like the of Qaddafi sympathizers as they move active part in combat away from cities gering or even killing civilians, too. up a judicial committee tasked with ur-
and accompanied by Libyan troops, rebel militias, in urban areas populated toward Tripoli. are currently seen as falling outside of it. That fear, Obama administration offi- gently investigating the circumstances
were seen chasing rebel forces in non- by civilians.’’ Calls by some NATO members to But one such official acknowledged that cials said, has driven the warnings to that led to the death of Syrian civilians
military vehicles like sedans and trucks, Oana Lungescu, the senior NATO provide heavier weapons to the rebels other situations are much less clear. the rebels that they must not attack ci- and security forces in the southern city
according to U.S. military officers. spokesperson, emphasized that the alli- suggest that these worries will only in- Noncombatants and the various vilians and that they could find them- of Daraa and the Mediterranean city of
The increasing murkiness of the battle- ance was taking action because Mr. tensify. The deliberations about where shades of opposition, resistance and re- selves under attack by the allies if they Latakia.
field, as the freewheeling rebels advance Qaddafi’s forces were attacking civil- to draw the line, going on at the highest bellion ‘‘are so intermixed that it is not disregarded the warnings. Elsewhere in the region Thursday,
and retreat and fighters from both sides ians, including shelling cities with artil- levels of allied nations and among se- feasible to discern where the boundary The laws of war are vague about how tens of thousands of Yemenis commem-
mingle among civilians, has prompted lery. But, she said, if the rebels did like- nior U.S. officials, show how an inter- between the civilians and opposition to categorize internal rebels. And the orated dozens of people killed in weeks
NATO members to issue new rules of en- wise, NATO would move to stop them, vention to stop a potential massacre is forces lies,’’ the official said. ‘‘There are recognized government of a country — of street protests while demanding that
gagement spelling out when the coalition too, because the U.N. Security Council evolving into a much more complex, also those civilians entitled to protec- even an internationally despised one — President Ali Abdullah Saleh resign, as
may attack units on the ground in the resolution ‘‘applies to both sides.’’ and perhaps open-ended, role in poli- tion that may be armed in order to pro- is generally acknowledged to have a efforts continued to negotiate his exit
name of protecting civilians. But it is no simple matter to follow cing the Libyan chaos. tect their families, homes, businesses, right to use force to put down an armed from power within the next year.
It is unclear how the rules are chan- that logic. ‘‘Qaddafi is trying to take ad- The situation is as complicated legally and communities. Other civilians may insurrection, said David Glazier, a pro- Protests in the capital, Sana, and else-
ging, especially on the critical questions vantage of this mixing of combatants as it is militarily. The U.N. Security join the rebels at certain stages, becom- fessor of national security law at Loyola where have brought Mr. Saleh’s long
surrounding NATO’s legal mandate to and noncombatants to deter NATO from Council resolution that authorized a no- ing armed combatants, and then decide Law School Los Angeles. rule to the brink of collapse. (AP, REUTERS)
A 2nd defection jolts Qaddafi’s regime Egyptian fundamentalists see ballot boon
LIBYA, FROM PAGE 1 announced by the British government. In regrouped on the road to Brega to con- EGYPT, FROM PAGE 1 Zomor as a kind of bogeyman — to to the observant, he said, and those who
peaceful demonstrators were attacked addition to his long service with the Liby- front the loyalist advance, suggesting the energy invested by religious organi- frighten the country about the possible object can immigrate to North America.
by security forces.’’ He placed Mr. an leader, Mr. Koussa had been closely that they had been emboldened by al- zations that once damned the democratic downside of democracy. Mr. Zomor said He later claimed that he was joking,
Koussa second after Colonel Qaddafi on involved in the rehabilitation of Colonel lied airstrikes. Other reports said pro- process as a Western, infidel innovation Salafist violence was only a reaction to but such attitudes are easy to find
a list of ‘‘some individuals with formal Qaddafi, playing a major role in turning Qaddafi forces were still present in the masterminded to undermine God’s laws. the repression of the Mubarak govern- among Salafi foot soldiers. At the Uni-
or de facto authority, who commanded over nuclear equipment and designs to oil port. Mr. Zomor, 64, with his bushy gray ment, but he shocked many Egyptians versity of Alexandria, within sight of the
and had control over the forces that al- the United States when Libya agreed to In the testimony in Washington, Mr. beard and nearly 30 years in prison, has by advocating punishments like ampu- sparkling Mediterranean, five bearded
legedly committed the crimes.’’ end its nuclear program in 2003. Gates and Adm. Mike Mullen, the chair- emerged as a high-profile spokesman tating thieves’ hands. Salafi students set up a small table at
In a news conference in Tripoli, Presumably, British and other West- man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, faced for that sea change since he was re- In an example of fundamentalists who the Faculty of Commerce this week to
Moussa Ibrahim, the Qaddafi govern- ern intelligence officials have a broad tough questions from members of Con- leased on March 12. are now emerging into public light, the advocate the benefits of an Islamic
ment spokesman, said Mr. Koussa had agenda of matters to discuss with him, gress who are angry about the adminis- He and other Salafis, or Islamic fun- sons of Omar Abdel Rahman, the blind state.
sought leave of a few days to receive including the structure of Colonel Qad- tration’s push into Libya and deeply damentalists, rhapsodize about found- sheik who is serving a life sentence in the When a Christian student objected,
medical care outside the country and dafi’s forces. The focus of his debriefing skeptical about President Barack ing political parties and forging alli- United States, convicted in a conspiracy one fundamentalist argued his point.
had not contacted the Qaddafi govern- seemed likely to be on his knowledge of Obama’s plans to end the conflict. ances with a more mainstream to bomb the World Trade Center in 1993, ‘‘When we launch wars, we do it to
ment since the day after he crossed the current issues rather than past inci- ‘‘History has demonstrated that an organization, the Muslim Brotherhood, recently addressed a conference at a strengthen our religion,’’ he said. ‘‘Will
border into Tunisia. dents like the Lockerbie bombing. But entrenched enemy like the Libyan re- to maximize the religious vote. you fight alongside us to spread our re-
‘‘I don’t think his sick leave included the BBC reported that Scottish officials gime can be resilient to air power,’’ Rep- Several reasons lie behind this re- ligion?’’
London,’’ Mr. Ibrahim said wryly, said they did want to talk to him about resentative Howard P. McKeon, Repub- markable turnabout, according to se- ‘‘I will be angry,’’ replied the other
adding: ‘‘This is not like a happy piece the bombing. lican of California and chairman of the nior religious sheiks, junior members student.
of news, is it? But people are saying, ‘So The only person convicted in the at- House Armed Services Committee, said and experts. ‘‘We cannot put God’s orders to a ref-
what, if someone wants to step down? tack, Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi, a at the start of daylong hearings in both Foremost is the desire to protect, if erendum,’’ said Ibrahim Mohamed, 21,
That is their decision. The fight contin- former Libyan intelligence operative, houses of Congress concerning the al- not strengthen, the Second Amendment one of the Salafi students. ‘‘Islam says
ues.’’’ was released on compassionate lied assault on pro-Qaddafi forces. ‘‘If to the Constitution, which enshrines adulterers must be stoned. Can we
Mr. Ibrahim declined to comment on grounds in 2009 while serving a life sen- Qaddafi does not face an imminent mil- Shariah, or Islamic law, as the main really put this up to a referendum and
the confirmed resignation of Mr. Treki tence in Scotland after doctors said he itary defeat or refuses to abdicate, it source of Egyptian law. The Parliament allow people to say whether adulterers
or myriad other rumors coursing had terminal cancer. seems that NATO could be expected to to be elected in September will guide the should be stoned or not?’’
through the capital about other officials But for those who have long insisted support decade-long no-fly zone en- drafting of a new constitution. Various Salafi groups have been tak-
fleeing the country. that responsibility for the Lockerbie forcement like the one over Iraq in the ‘‘If the constitution is a liberal one, ing the law on social issues into their
‘‘Colonel Qaddafi is surrounded by bombing reached far higher than Mr. 1990s.’’ this will be catastrophic,’’ Sheik Abdel own hands, including severing a school-
many people who admire him and are Megrahi, Mr. Koussa’s knowledge Democrats, too, were circumspect. Moneim el-Shahat said, scoffing at new ANDREA BRUCE FOR THE NYT teacher’s ear about 10 days ago in Upper
prepared to work with him and under would yield invaluable insights, British ‘‘Many have asked, ‘Why Libya?’’’ said demands for minority rights at a night Worshipers attending prayers last month Egypt after accusing him of renting an
his leadership,’’ Mr. Ibrahim said. He analysts said. Representative Adam Smith of Wash- class he teaches at a recently reopened at a Salafi mosque in Alexandria, Egypt. apartment to prostitutes.
said that Mr. Koussa would be replaced What is unclear is whether his defec- ington, the top Democrat on the House Salafi mosque in Alexandria. ‘‘I think On Monday, the Egyptian Army inter-
by ‘‘someone good and efficient,’’ but he tion will lead to others. panel. next they will tell us that Christians vened in Fayoum to calm violence that
declined to identify a successor. ‘‘We think he could be the beginning In response, Mr. Gates said in his must lead Muslims in the prayers!’’ five-star Cairo hotel, demanding that the broke out after Salafists destroyed
Mr. Koussa served as head of external of a stream of Libyans who think stick- opening statement to the House com- Second, the Salafis arrived late to the United States release their ailing father. places selling beer and the owners shot
intelligence in the 1980s, when Colonel mittee that American involvement revolution, with many clerics emphatic- ‘‘Somebody wants to give the impres- and killed a Salafi. Critics say the Salafi
Qaddafi drew U.S. and Western con- ‘‘Colonel Qaddafi is would be limited, and that in his view, ally supporting President Hosni sion that democracy will bring about the program is too religious to have broad
demnation for attacks like the 1988 the conflict would probably end with Mubarak and condemning the protest- worst in Egypt,’’ said Hossam appeal; while the Muslim Brotherhood
bombing of an American passenger
surrounded by many people Colonel Qaddafi’s removal from power, ers. Young Salafis rebelled — extremely Tammam, an expert on Salafi groups frames its arguments in policy terms,
plane over Lockerbie, Scotland. The who admire him and are either by economic and political pres- rare for a group that reveres tradition whose essays appear frequently in Al- the Salafis emphasize spiritual benefits
bombing killed 270 people, most of them prepared to work with him.’’ sures or by his own people. and hierarchy. Ahram Weekly. that play well among the poor.
Americans. In the past, U.S. officials But under questioning from Mr. Mc- ‘‘The majority of the Salafi youth He finds the threat exaggerated, but Alarmed by the violence, Ali Gomaa,
have said they suspect Mr. Koussa of re- Keon, Mr. Gates said he did not have a were the people who actually said, ‘No, noted that the Salafis would be Egypt’s grand mufti, is planning a con-
sponsibility for arranging the attacks. ing with Qaddafi is a losing game,’’ one time frame for Colonel Qaddafi’s ouster. this is impossible, we have to be part of hampered in political participation be- ference of Muslim clerics and other spir-
Mr. Hague described him Thursday as senior American official said. ‘‘But we ‘‘The bottom line is, no one can pre- this, it is a just cause,’’’ said Sherif Ab- cause they did not accept the idea that itual leaders this month to try to estab-
‘‘one of the most senior members of the don’t know.’’ dict for you how long it will take for that del Naser, a 24-year-old Egyptian- all Egyptian citizens should enjoy equal lish consensual guidelines for
Qaddafi regime,’’ and said that Britain On the ground Thursday in Libya, to happen,’’ he said. American who now attends political rights. The Salafi model is based on me- separating religious and political dis-
had been in previously undisclosed con- rebel forces in Libya began a cautious Mr. Gates and Admiral Mullen both classes three nights a week at Sheik dieval Islamic caliphates where minor- course — for both Muslims and Christi-
tact with Tripoli through Mr. Koussa. regrouping after a panicked retreat. suggested that the rebels should look Shahat’s cramped mosque. ities were protected but had to pay a tax ans.
‘‘I have spoken to him several times The government advance Wednesday beyond the United States for direct mil- The Salafi movement is inspired by for the privilege, and were barred from Some experts hope that the emer-
on the telephone, most recently last Fri- appeared to return control of the east’s itary aid. the puritan Wahhabi school of Islam the military and many government po- gence of the Salafis will create a healthy
day,’’ Mr. Hague said, citing Mr. most important oil regions to Colonel ‘‘What the opposition needs as much that dominates Saudi Arabia, whose sitions, he said. attempt to reconcile Islam with democ-
Koussa’s departure as evidence that the Qaddafi’s forces, giving the isolated as anything right now is some training, grand mufti churned out a fatwa con- Some famous Salafi clerics have been racy.
Qaddafi government was ‘‘fragmented, government, at least for the day, the re- some command and control and some demning the Arab uprisings as a West- preaching national unity and have said ‘‘The Salafis have realized that the
under pressure and already crumbling gion’s most valuable economic prize. organization,’’ Mr. Gates said. ‘‘It’s ern conspiracy to destroy the Islamic they would preserve the peace treaty only way for them to survive is to be po-
from within.’’ The rout also put into sharp relief the pretty much a pick-up ballgame at this world. But an array of philosophies ex- with Israel. But more exclusionary litically engaged,’’ said Mr. Tammam,
He added, ‘‘Qaddafi must be asking rebels’ absence of discipline and tactical point.’’ ists under the Salafi umbrella, ranging thinking also emerges in sharp relief. the expert on Salafi groups. ‘‘If the
himself who will be the next to go.’’ sense, confronting the United States Yet, he said, ‘‘that’s not a unique capa- from apolitical groups that merely pros- Sheik Mohamed Hussein Yacoub, a Salafis are absorbed into the political
The defection of Mr. Koussa showed with a conundrum: how to persuade bility for the United States, and as far as elytize on the benefits of being a good prominent Cairo cleric, generated out- system here, they can be reformed, but
that at least one longtime associate Colonel Qaddafi to step down while sup- I’m concerned, somebody else can do Muslim to Al Qaeda. Ayman al-Zawahri, rage by labeling the referendum results this will not eliminate radical thinking
seemed to be calculating that Colonel porting a rebel force that has been un- that.’’ chief deputy to Osama bin Laden, is an as a ‘‘gazwa al-sanadiq,’’ or ‘‘conquest for good.’’
Qaddafi could not last. The news of his able to hold on to military gains. Egyptian Salafist. of the ballot boxes,’’ using a freighted
defection sent shock waves through On Thursday, as NATO formally took Elisabeth Bumiller and Thom Shanker Some Egyptians are convinced that Arabic word for conquest associated Amr Emam and Lara El Gibaly contrib-
Tripoli on Wednesday night after it was full control of the campaign, rebel forces contributed reporting from Washington. the government released the likes of Mr. with Islam’s early wars. Egypt belongs uted reporting.
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 | 5
sa d Ear
ward Abidjan. The city is the crucial lage until recent times. Capturing the cording to the United Nations — it is
stake in what has now become an open city showed a clear rebel advance on home to the core of Mr. Gbagbo’s resis-
war for the presidency in French-speak- tance. Some analysts are predicting ve isc ly
ing Africa’s former economic leader. MALI BURKINA that he will not give it up without a
up ou bir
to nt d
Mr. Ouattara, who has been recog- FASO tough fight. ‘‘I think there will be a
nized internationally as the winner of battle for Abidjan,’’ said Mr. Depagne,
the presidential election in November,
said Thursday in a televised speech that
GUINEA
the Ivory Coast specialist.
But Mr. Ouattara’s camp sought to
£4 -
his forces had reached Abidjan, march-
IVORY COAST
minimize such talk on Wednesday, ap- 00
ing across the country ‘‘to re-establish parently in a bid to speed the military
democracy and to ensure that the defections that have already occurred.
Yamoussoukro
people’s vote is respected.’’ ‘‘I don’t think there will be a fight,’’
‘‘To all those who are still hesitant,’’ said Captain Alla, the Ouattara military
GHANA
he said, addressing Mr. Gbagbo’s mili- spokesman. ‘‘The barracks are deser-
tary officers and fighters, ‘‘I ask you to Abidjan ted. We’re asking our brothers-in-arms
LIBERIA
serve your country and to return to the not to expose their lives.’’ But he added
lawful side.’’ San Pedro a warning: ‘‘For those who think their
Mr. Ouattara’s forces were surround- IVORY lives depend on defending Mr. Gbagbo,
ing the city, according to his prime min- COAST they will realize the consequences.’’
ister, Guillaume Soro. Abidjan is divided Gulf of Guinea
AFRICA
neighborhood by neighborhood be- J. David Goodman contributed reporting
tween supporters of Mr. Ouattara and 200 km from New York.
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6 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
Views
editorial opinion
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 | 7
Obama’s exceptionalism
Elizabeth Taylor, if you squinted. part of what endeared her to crews and drab existence to be Liz or Dick to think
In a merry jest, something made me stagehands, with whom she liked to ex- twice. You’re talking about a woman
say, ‘‘I’ve done this trick a hundred change ribald humor. plagued all her life with 10 people’s med-
times and I keep having this fantasy that My late wife, the actress Carrie Nye, ical horrors, heroically endured. He too
some day the person who comes up and made a dreadful movie called ‘‘Divorce had awful illnesses, some not publicly
pearing jobs of the home front were his name. Speed in ousting Qaddafi, the ob- helps me will be some famous, luminous His, Divorce Hers’’ with the Burtons in known. Like hemophilia and epilepsy.
domain. jective from which Western leaders movie star. Like Elizabeth Taylor.’’ 1973. She was a gifted writer and when We’re also talking about two greatly
And yet, and yet, this cautious presi- cannot retreat, is essential. We all know Just before tossing the rope out front, she got back from Germany — where gifted people, of course. Also about two
dent, who has been subtly talking down what happens if this Mad Max war I detected movement in the dark. I the movie was made for some Burton- drunks, constant smokers, spouse-
American power — with reason — has festers: The coalition fractures, could see a striking apparition in white, related tax reasons — she penned, for dumpers and pill-takers, reckless with
involved the nation in a new conflict in jihadists seep into a failed state of por- gliding smoothly like a Rose Bowl float friends’ amusement, a comic piece their health and, often, with their ca-
Libya, one in which his own defense ous borders, mission creep begins. toward the floor-level stage. called ‘‘Making It In Munich.’’ It’s reers; with Richard — who at one point
Roger secretary holds that the United States
has no ‘‘vital interest.’’ He has joined a
Qaddafi can go three ways: through
military defeat, the least likely given
It was.
And it was true what’s been said so
laugh-out-loud funny.
Carrie liked both Burtons, saying she
could put away three bottles of vodka a
day — dead in his 50s.
Cohen long line of U.S. leaders in discovering the chaotic rebel traffic-jam on the often. Her beauty would take your felt sorry for Elizabeth, and that, being I feel lucky to have crossed paths
the moral imperative indivisible from coastal highway; through a negotiated breath away. from the South, she knew the problems with them. She was wonderful and he
the American idea. departure, a long shot despite Turkey’s First gazing upon that sublimely gor- of women married to alcoholics. We nev- was wonderful.
G LO B A L I ST There were many good reasons for efforts; or though his inner circle geous face, you were struck by the fact er knew if either of them read ‘‘Making To envy them you have to be nuts.
staying out of Libya. A chief strength of deserting him, the most promising av- that she was even more beautiful in It In Munich.’’ The piece’s humor de-
the Arab Spring is that it was enue. person. Yes, the camera and screen did rived from such matters as the direc- DICK CAVETT is a former television talk-
LONDON Near Carthage, in Tunisia, homegrown. The Levant’s suspicion of Moussa Koussa, the foreign minister, not — and how silly it sounds to say — tor’s awful dilemmas, like the fact that show host.
there’s an American cemetery where the West is bottomless. Obama needs no has just fled to London. He’s the biggest
2,841 military dead rest, victims of the tutoring in colonialism. Its lessons were prize yet from an intense U.S. and Brit-
North African campaign in World War bred into him. But could he, the nation’s ish effort to turn top aides. ‘‘We’re doing
II. Among them is a young man from first African-American president, have a ton in that regard, golden parachutes
Stillwater, Minnesota, named Robert sat passive as the etc.,’’ one person involved told me. LE T T E R S TO T H E E DI TO R
Lund. He was 25 when he was killed on Speed in forces of Muammar The tone of the Qaddafi entourage
March 29, 1943. A long time ago, I would el-Qaddafi delivered keeps changing: first panicked, then The U.S. in the new Middle East heartened that United States is losing But whenever the United States was
ousting
sit on a porch in the pretty town of Still- a massacre in ebullient tirades, now plaintiff. That’s Bernard Avishai’s ‘‘Next, an Israeli-Pal- its appeal to the Arab masses. mentioned, the reaction was dismissive.
water and wonder at the gale that could Qaddafi, the Benghazi on the encouraging. Do whatever it takes. This estinian peace plan’’ (Views, March 30) On a recent visit to Egypt, it was ex- A sense of disappointment in America
lift a young man from the middle of a objective North African shore? regime reeks of ricketiness. Talks with envisions a continued leading role for the hilarating to observe the optimism was prevailing. Washington’s long his-
placid continent to death on a faraway from which Maybe there Libya in recent years mean top Western United States in the region. But the chan- shared by all. Doormen, taxi drivers, tory of support for Arab dictators and its
shore. Western wouldn’t have been a officials have relations with the core ging political landscape across the Arab educated professionals, businesspeople, hypocritical claims of being an ‘‘honest
America is a restless nation. It was leaders can- massacre, just anoth- people who must, like Koussa, be turned. world suggests a different picture: maids, students, young and old, all peace broker’’ have now rendered the
built by taking in the people of the not retreat, er modest Qaddafi Abdullah Al-Sanousi is one prime target. America is becoming irrelevant. shared fresh, albeit guarded, feelings of U.S. irrelevant in the eyes of many.
world and so it cannot turn its back on is essential. bloodbath. Qaddafi is Obama, having embraced in extremis As an Egyptian-American, I am dis- pride in the country. MOHSEN MOUSTAFA, DOHA, QATAR
the world. Decades after he was killed, not Hitler, not even the radical idea that ‘‘the United States
Lund’s death still haunted the family of Saddam. But his of America is different,’’ having taken a
my first wife. With the return of the res- nature is murderous. And so I say shot at nations that ‘‘may be able to
onant datelines of the ‘‘Desert War’’ Obama was right to draw a line in the turn a blind eye to atrocities in other
against Hitler — Tobruk, Benghazi, Libyan sand. countries’’ (the rising powers — Brazil,
Tripoli — and the return of U.S. forces I was against a Libyan no-fly zone, Russia, India, China — all abstained on
to Libya, I’ve been thinking about Lund having seen its uselessness in Bosnia. the Libya vote) must now deliver on his
and American power. My condition for going in was ruthless- honed interpretation of American ex-
The limits of that power confronted ness. The one unforgivable thing would ceptionalism. On the occasion of the opening of the exhibition
President Barack Obama. He was al- have been to involve America in look- As it happens, his deputy national se-
Lucknow,
ways a realist onto whom idealism was ing virtuous from the sky. I think curity adviser, Denis McDonough, is
thrust. He adheres, by instinct and ex- Obama has met, with bombs, that initial also from Stillwater. That’s a coinci-
perience, to the middle ground. Taking standard; and done so with a strong dence, but a link exists: The United
country’s
material as the authorities grapple with
BY DAVID JOLLY the biggest nuclear incident since
AND MATTHEW L. WALD Chernobyl in 1986. On Thursday the
triple crises
French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, be-
Workers made more incremental pro- came the first world leader to visit Ja-
gress at the stricken Fukushima nucle- pan since the earthquake and the ensu-
ar plant Thursday, but troublesomely ing disasters.
high radiation readings at the plant, as Prime Minister Kan, appearing in a JAPAN, FROM PAGE 1
well as kilometers away, reinforced somber suit instead of the blue work ‘‘So many houses are shattered, I will
fears that the disaster was far from end- uniform in which he has usually ap- feel good helping out,’’ he said.
ing. peared since the quake, thanked Mr. Surprising many of the elders who
The crisis continued to add to Japan’s Sarkozy for visiting, saying, ‘‘A friend wrote them off as too coddled to live up
difficulties as it struggled to cope with who visits on a rainy day is truly a to traditional Japanese values of self-
widespread death, destruction and dis- friend.’’ sacrifice and hard work, many young
placement from the earthquake and The two leaders pledged to people have found meaning in the crisis.
tsunami that battered its northeastern strengthen international standards on Even before the earthquake, this gener-
coast three weeks ago and left the nuclear safety. ation was already struggling with a
Fukushima plant crippled. The death ‘‘We have to thoroughly investigate sense of thwarted opportunities in a
toll rose to 11,417 on Thursday, with an- the incident to understand how it oc- stagnant economy. With the erosion of
other 16,273 people listed as missing, curred,’’ Mr. Kan said. ‘‘We want to the postwar compact that traded a slav-
and hundreds of thousands have been make nuclear power safer.’’ ish devotion to work for stable wages
displaced, including tens of thousands Mr. Sarkozy, whose country gener- and benefits, many young people felt
from the area around the nuclear plant. ates about 80 percent of its electricity alienated and adrift.
The economic toll — including the dam- from nuclear power, arrived in Tokyo Now, nonprofit groups are being
age to exports and international trade for a one-day visit after attending a flooded with young volunteers. Stu-
— defies a full reckoning. Group of 20 function in Nanjing, China. dents have taken to the streets to collect
Workers have been dousing reactors He said he wanted to work in his capa- donations for those in need. Blogs and
and spent-fuel pools at the plant with city as the current G-20 head to help the social networking sites are full of com-
water to prevent full meltdowns while international community agree on bet- ments from young people asking what
they frantically try to restore power and ter guidelines. they can do to help. Some students are
restart the cooling systems, but the re- ‘‘Japan is not alone,’’ Mr. Sarkozy even turning down full-time job offers.
sulting floods of dangerously contami- said. ‘‘In the face of this calamity, all of ‘‘Before the earthquake, I thought
nated water have complicated their ef- the G-20 nations wish to aid Japan. about myself and what I can do for my
forts. KIM KYUNG-HOON/REUTERS France, as current leader of the group, new company,’’ said Miki Kamiyama,
On Thursday, workers prepared more An infant born 50 kilometers from the crippled nuclear reactor was tested for radiation contamination in Koriyama, Japan, on Thursday. wants to express our solidarity.’’ who just graduated from Meiji Universi-
tanks for transferring the water from But both countries are seeing domes- ty and will start working at a small cable
turbine buildings at Reactor Nos. 1, 2 tic support for nuclear expansion company in Yokohama on Friday. ‘‘But
and 3 in a quest to keep the radioactive Using a measure of radioactivity of Japan’s power, faces billions of dol- waver. now I think what I can do for all of soci-
water from flooding into the ocean. Levels of radioactive called the becquerel, the tests found as lars in losses and liabilities from the dis- Earlier Thursday, the Kyodo news ety.’’
But readings taken in the sea near the iodine 131 rose for another day. much as 3.7 million becquerels per aster. It has confirmed that Reactor agency cited a Japanese Communist In the spirit of the times, companies in
plant showed that levels of radioactive square meter; the standard used at Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 will have to be Party official, Kazuo Shii, as saying that Tokyo and elsewhere in Japan have can-
iodine 131 had risen for another day, A new focus of concern stems from Chernobyl was 1.48 million. scrapped, and Prime Minister Naoto Mr. Kan had agreed that the country celed the yearly ceremonies where ex-
testing at 4,385 times the statutory limit, readings of a long-lasting radioactive In contrast to iodine 131, which decays Kan was quoted Thursday as saying should completely reconsider its plan to ecutives greet new workers on their
according to Hidehiko Nishiyama, element at levels that pose a long-term rapidly, cesium 137 persists in the envir- that Reactor Nos. 5 and 6 should also be build 14 new nuclear plants by 2030. first day on the job. Moments of silence
deputy director general of the Nuclear danger at one spot 40 kilometers, or 25 onment for centuries. The reported decommissioned. Those two were far Asked by reporters about Japan’s nucle- are now the norm. Late-night drinking
and Industrial Safety Agency. miles, from the Fukushima plant, rais- measurements would not be high less damaged since they were already ar future, Mr. Kan evaded the question. sessions with superiors that mix bond-
The rise increases the likelihood that ing questions about whether the evacu- enough to cause acute radiation illness, offline when the disaster struck. Kyodo also reported Thursday that ing and hazing are being shunned. Of-
contaminants from the plant are con- ation zone should be expanded, and but far exceed standards for the general Moody’s Investors Service, the rat- the bodies of hundreds of people killed fice cherry blossom parties, usually ac-
tinuously leaking into the sea, he said. even whether the land might need to be public designed to cut the risks of can- ings agency, on Thursday cut its credit by the quake and tsunami lay uncollec- companied by drinking bouts, have
On Wednesday the water tested at 3,355 abandoned. cer. rating on Tokyo Electric debt to Baa1 ted in the area near the plant because been canceled.
times the safety standard for the iso- Residents within 20 kilometers of the The Japanese authorities and the from A1, saying that the expectation of they were contaminated by radiation, But none of this austerity will ease the
tope, up from the reading on Sunday of plant have already been ordered to anti-nuclear environmental group government support justified leaving leaving the police and morgue workers anxiety of some of the new hires at
1,150 times the maximum level. evacuate, and those up to 30 kilometers Greenpeace have reported similar read- the debt rating above junk levels. The unable to safely handle them. Tokyo Electric Power Co., or Tepco,
The same isotope was detected at away have been encouraged to leave. ings from the area; Greenpeace and company’s shares have declined nearly The authorities are considering the which owns the disabled nuclear power
levels 10,000 times the safety limit at Re- The isotope cesium 137 was measured some other groups are pressing for the 80 percent since the quake. use of mobile decontamination units to plants in Fukushima. Once one of Ja-
actor No. 1, Bloomberg News reported, in one village by the International affected area to be evacuated. President Barack Obama, in a letter clean the bodies on the spot, Kyodo re- pan’s most prestigious companies,
citing a report by the plant’s operator, Atomic Energy Agency at a level ex- Yukio Edano, the chief cabinet secre- to Emperor Akihito sent March 24 but ported. Tokyo Electric has become the target of
the Tokyo Electric Power Company. ceeding the standard that the Soviet Un- tary, said Thursday that officials were disclosed only Thursday, conveyed ‘‘the anger and contempt, and some people
Sakae Muto, a Tokyo Electric vice ion used as a gauge to recommend studying the contamination levels, but deep sympathy felt by all Americans for Matthew L. Wald reported from Wash- are openly wondering if it will need gov-
president, said the company was con- abandoning land surrounding the that there were currently no plans to ex- the suffering of the people of Japan,’’ ington. Ken Iichi, Ayasa Aizawa and ernment aid.
tracting with Japanese companies to Chernobyl reactor, and at another loca- pand the evacuation zone. and added that ‘‘our prayers are with Moshe Komata contributed reporting Tokyo Electric is so consumed with
build a range of facilities for handling tion not precisely identified by the Tokyo Electric, an enormous and in- you in this time of grief.’’ from Tokyo, and Kevin Drew from Hong shutting down its reactors in Fukushi-
the contaminated water. agency. fluential company that supplies a third France, along with the United States, Kong. ma that is unlikely to have many free
workers to train the 1,100 or so people
who start work this week, and many
new construction projects have been
Sweeney
Japan’s society,’’ said one new entrant
who asked that his name not be used so
as not to alienate his employer. ‘‘I feel
KOCHI, INDIA not spend much time studying him. And that people who work for companies like
many of his ideas, like the development Tepco want to help in some way.’’
of small-scale village industries, have In time, of course, life will return to
Todd
BY VIKAS BAJAJ
AND JULIE BOSMAN faded almost completely. normal, even at companies like Tokyo
Le diabolique Barbier The controversy also highlights In- Electric. The deeper question is wheth-
Mahatma Gandhi is still so revered in In- dia’s highly circumscribed right to free er the traumatic events this month will
de Fleet Street dia that a book about him that few Indi- speech. Under Indian law, any citizen reorient people’s lives in any lasting
Comédie Musicale ans have read and that has not even been can petition to have a work banned, and way. In a country where changing jobs
published here has been banned in one activists and political leaders have fre- invites suspicion and moving to a new
state and may yet be banned nationwide. quently exercised that right. home is prohibitively expensive, it is un-
The problem, say critics who have Certain subjects, like Mohandas reasonable to think that many young
fanned the flames of popular outrage Karamchand Gandhi, who is often re- adults will change their lifestyles in any
this week, is that the book suggests that ferred to as mahatma, or great soul, are substantial way.
the father of modern India was bisexual. particularly guarded. Gandhi is widely ‘‘It’s premature to say what the im-
The book’s author, Joseph Lelyveld, admired not only in India but also pact of the earthquake and tsunami will
does write extensively about the close re- around the world for his advocacy of
lationship Gandhi had with a German ar- nonviolent struggle and the austere and ‘‘In a way, I feel fortunate that
chitect but denies that the book, ‘‘Great celibate life he led when he was fighting
Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle for India’s freedom from the British.
I will be on the front line to
With India,’’ makes any such argument. Using documents, letters and other help the people and Japan’s
During an interview, Mr. Lelyveld, a research, Mr. Lelyveld writes about society.’’
former executive editor of The New how Gandhi came to his particular so-
York Times, of which the International cial vision, first as a lawyer in South
Herald Tribune is the global edition, Africa and later as a freedom fighter, be,’’ said Hiroshi Sakurai, who teaches
said he thought that he had ‘‘treaded and how he tried to spread that vision in sociology at the School of International
very carefully’’ with the information, India, with mixed results. Liberal Studies at Waseda University.
which he knew was delicate. The controversy appears to have star- ‘‘Japanese have gotten used to these
‘‘I lived in India and there’s an Indian ted because of reviews in publications in things.’’
word called tamasha,’’ he said, which the United States and Britain, including The personal transformations are
translates to ‘‘spectacle.’’ one in The Wall Street Journal asserting more subtle outside Iwate, Miyagi and
‘‘I’m surprised to find myself at the that the book provides evidence that Fukushima, the three prefectures that
center of one, because I think this is a Gandhi was ‘‘a sexual weirdo, a political have suffered the most. Without any ob-
careful book,’’ he said, ‘‘and I consider incompetent and a fanatical faddist.’’ vious damage to fix, young people are
myself a friend of India.’’ That review, by Andrew Roberts, a instead grappling with a silent threat
Still, this week, Gujarat State, where British historian, argued that Gandhi from airborne radioactive particles, as
Gandhi was born and grew up, banned was in love with Hermann Kallenbach, a well as rolling blackouts that have
the book after reviews and news articles German-Jewish architect with whom forced Japanese to do without many of
about it appeared in Indian newspa- Gandhi lived in Johannesburg, and it the electronic gadgets that were their
pers. Gujarat is a particularly conserva- cited letters from Gandhi to Mr. Kallen- constant companions.
tive state — alcohol cannot be sold in the bach, which are quoted in ‘‘Great Soul.’’ Still, young people are making con-
state, for instance — and the state is Gandhi expresses fondness and nections and doing what they can. Shota
governed by a Hindu nationalist party. yearning for Mr. Kallenbach in the let- Kitanishi, a student at Kwansei Gakuin
‘‘The writing is perverse in nature,’’ ters, telling him that his was the only por- University in Nishinomiya, near Kobe,
Narendra Modi, the chief minister of trait on Gandhi’s mantelpiece, opposite was 4 years old when the earthquake of
Gujarat, said after the ban. ‘‘It has hurt the bed, and that cotton wool and Vasel- 1995 destroyed parts of that city. He
the sentiments of those with capacity ine were ‘‘a constant reminder’’ of him. grew up watching the city being rebuilt.
for sane and logical thinking.’’ The letters were acquired by the Na- In solidarity, he is asking other stu-
On Tuesday, India’s law and justice tional Archives of India in an auction dents to make a monthly pledge of
minister, M. Veerappa Moily, said that and have been available to scholars; ¥1,000, or about $12, for a year and to
Un thriller Musique et lyrics
Stephen
Basé sur la pièce de
Christopher Bond
Direction
David Charles Abell ‘‘the book denigrates the national pride
and leadership,’’ which he said could not
they were sold by descendants of Mr.
Kallenbach. Gandhi destroyed Mr. Kal-
send the money to groups helping vic-
tims in northeastern Japan.
musical ! Sondheim
Livret
Mis en scène
originellement
Mise en scène
Lee Blakeley
be tolerated. He said officials ‘‘will con-
sider prohibiting the book.’’
lenbach’s letters to him early on, ac-
cording to the book.
‘‘You just can’t think of the disaster as
someone else’s disaster,’’ he said.
à Broadway par
The crux of the controversy seems to The situation is complicated by the ‘‘We’re all Japanese. When you get to-
Hugh Harold Prince Ensemble Orchestral
be the intersection of two subjects on fact that the book is not yet available for gether, you feel like you can do any-
Wheeler Orchestrations de
de Paris /
Orchestre Pasdeloup which Indians have strong views: sexu- sale in India, and very few people have thing.’’
Jonathan Tunick ality and Gandhi. seen or read it.
du 22 avril Nouvelle production On the first point, India is quite con- In the interview, Mr. Lelyveld said the Hiroko Tabuchi, Ken Ijichi and Moshe
au 21 mai 2011 Création en France En anglais, surtitré servative, although there has been information about Gandhi’s relation- Komata contributed reporting.
change in recent years with the coun- ship with Mr. Kallenbach was not his
try’s fast growth and young people own discovery, and was never intended CORRECTION
T. 01 40 28 28 40 | www.chatelet-theatre.com moving out on their own in greater num- to be the main point of his book.
FNAC : 0 892 68 36 22 (0,34 €/mn) | www.fnac.com
• An article Monday about the extent to
bers. In 2009, the high court in Delhi ‘‘All I can claim is that I dealt with that which cellphone companies track and
struck down a British-era law against material more extensively with an eye to save customer location data misstated
sodomy. The ruling was seen as a water- the general public than anyone previ- the relationship between AT&T and
shed for gay rights. Nevertheless, most ously,’’ he said. ‘‘But it’s not a central pre- Sense Networks, which makes applica-
Indians who are gay would not feel com- occupation. My book is about Gandhi’s tions that serve ads to cellphone users
Direct Matin fortable coming out. struggle for social justice, not his inti- based on their location. Sense Networks
On the second point, Gandhi is mate relationships. But he was a compli- uses data from AT&T; the companies do
revered even by the young, but they do cated man and the two are linked.’’ not work together.
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 | 9
Culture
art music
Clyde who? You’ve heard his drums, but not his name
has been used hundreds of times, be- ‘‘There have been faster, and there ring to himself and his fellow Brown
The man behind coming part of hip-hop’s DNA, and in the have been stronger, but Clyde Stubble- drummer, John Starks, better known as
the most sampled beats late 1980s and early ’90s it was the go-to
sample for anyone looking to borrow
field has a marksman’s left hand unlike
any drummer in the 20th century,’’ said
Jabo. (Brown died in 2006.) ‘‘We just put
down what we think it should be.
hasn’t had much credit some of hip-hop’s sass, hence Kenny G. Ahmir Thompson, aka Questlove of the Nobody directs me.’’
But Mr. Stubblefield’s name almost fell Roots. ‘‘It is he who defined funk music.’’ You might expect Mr. Stubblefield,
BY BEN SISARIO through the cracks of history. The early Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Mr. who has appeared on some of the
rappers almost never gave credit or paid Stubblefield was first inspired by the in- greatest drum recordings in history, to
Aside from those of musicians, record for the sample, and if they did, acknow- dustrial rhythms of the factories and have gone on to fame, or at least to a lu-
collectors and D.J.’s, not many ears perk ledgement, and any royalties, went to trains around him, and he got his start crative career playing sessions. But for
up at the mention of Clyde Stubblefield. Brown, who is listed as the songwriter. playing with regional bands. In 1965, 40 years he has happily remained in
But no matter who you are, you prob- ‘‘All my life I’ve been wondering about Madison, Wisconsin, playing gigs there
ably know his drumming. my money,’’ Mr. Stubblefield, now 67 and The ‘‘Funky Drummer’’ solo with his own group and, since the early
If you’ve heard Public Enemy’s still drumming, said with a chuckle. 1990s, playing on the public radio show
‘‘Bring the Noise’’ or ‘‘Fight the A new project tries to capture at least
is part of hip-hop’s DNA. ‘‘Michael Feldman’s Whad’Ya Know?’’
Power,’’ you know his drumming. If some royalties for him. Mr. Stubblefield Alan Leeds, whose time as Brown’s
you’ve heard LL Cool J’s ‘‘Mama Said was interviewed for ‘‘Copyright Crimin- James Brown saw him at a club in Ma- tour director overlapped with Mr.
Knock You Out,’’ or any number of als,’’ a documentary by Benjamin Fran- con, Georgia, and hired him on the spot. Stubblefield’s time in the band, remem-
songs by Prince, the Beastie Boys, zen and Kembrew McLeod about the Through 1971, Mr. Stubblefield was one bers him as a gifted but not terribly am-
N.W.A., Run-D.M.C., Sinead O’Connor gray areas of music copyright law, and of Brown’s principal drummers, and on bitious musician. ‘‘He was a fun guy,’’
or even Kenny G., you definitely know for a special ‘‘Funky Drummer Edition’’ songs like ‘‘Cold Sweat’’ and ‘‘Mother Mr. Leeds said. ‘‘But if one guy was go-
his drumming, even though Mr. DVD of the film that was released Tues- Popcorn’’ he perfected a light-touch ing to be late for the sound check, it was
Stubblefield wasn’t in the studio for the day, Mr. Stubblefield recorded a set of style filled with the off-kilter syncopa- Clyde.’’
recording of any of them. ready-to-sample beats. By filling out a tions sometimes called ghost notes. The technology and conventions of
That is because he was the featured basic licensing form, anyone willing to Mr. Thompson said Mr. Stubblefield’s sampling — isolating a musical snippet
player on ‘‘Funky Drummer,’’ a 1970 pay royalties of 15 percent on any com- ‘‘softest notes defined a generation.’’ from one recording and reusing it for
single by James Brown whose 20- mercial sales — and give credit — can ‘‘We just played what we wanted to another — also kept him from greater
BENJAMIN FRANZEN second drum solo has become, by most borrow the sound of one of the archi- play on a song,’’ Mr. Stubblefield said in recognition. ‘‘Funky Drummer’’ didn’t
Clyde Stubblefield, who played with James Brown in the late 1960s, performing last year. counts, the most sampled of all beats. It tects of modern percussion. a telephone interview last week, refer- STUBBLEFIELD, PAGE 10
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10 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
PEOPLE
eventually take over at the movies. At a
In Egypt, abrupt regime change is an old story
A 370-year-old painting that belonged digital film panel in Las Vegas this week The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. By Toby ries — Thutmose III at the Battle of
to a Jewish art dealer who fled the Neth- with the director JAMES CAMERON and the Wilkinson. Illustrated. 611 pages. Random Megiddo, Ramesses II at the Battle of
erlands around the time of the Nazi inva- head of DreamWorks Animation, JEFFREY House, $35; Bloomsbury, £30. Kadesh — without pausing too long to
sion in 1940 will be returned to his family KATZENBERG, Mr. Lucas said: ‘‘Now when reflect on the brutality of warfare in the
by the J. Paul Getty Museum, The Asso- you’re watching a movie and it’s not in 3- BY MICHIKO KAKUTANI ancient world. We thrill at the weirdness
ciated Press reported. The painting, D, it’s like watching in black and white.’’ of the heretic king Akhenaten and all his
‘‘Landscape With Cottage and Figures,’’ He added ‘‘I totally believe now that 3-D An emotionally fraught transition from works, but do not question what it is like
done by PIETER MOLIJN around 1640, be- will completely take over.’’ (AP) one regime to the next, with no clear-cut to live under a despotic, fanatical ruler.’’
longed to JACQUES GOUDSTIKKER, a promi- successor to the previous ruler. Worries Arguing that the ancient Egyptians
nent dealer who died while fleeing the A Texas judge has rejected the idea about stability and the maintenance of ‘‘invented the concept of the nation-
Nazis. His collection was looted, and that WILLIE NELSON could sing his way out law and order. Fears about foreign med- state that still dominates our planet,’’
some of the art ended up in the hands of of a recent arrest for marijuana posses- dling and influence. The army at least Mr. Wilkinson writes that the country’s
the Nazi leader HERMANN GOERING. The sion. KIT BRAMBLETT, a Hudspeth County earliest kings not only ‘‘formulated and
Getty bought the painting at a 1972 auc- lawyer, had suggested that Mr. Nelson BOOK REVIEW harnessed’’ traditional tools of leader-
tion and has never exhibited the work. pay a small fine and sing ‘‘Blue Eyes ship — like using ideology and ceremo-
temporarily filling the political vacuum ny to unite a disparate population and
and overseeing a transition. bind it to the state — but also used more
This sequence of events — which may malign instruments like police surveil-
sound familiar to those who followed JANE PHILIPPI lance, xenophobia and the brutal repres-
the recent overthrow of President Toby Wilkinson says he became more aware of ‘‘the darker side of pharaonic civilization.’’ sion of dissent to cement their power.
Hosni Mubarak, Egypt’s ruler of nearly In fact this book draws a sobering
three decades — actually occurred, the portrait of what daily life was like for
scholar Toby Wilkinson said in a recent er could possibly want to know, Mr. archaeologists and historians have ordinary Egyptians. Foot soldiers (who
essay in The Wall Street Journal, more Wilkinson — a fellow of Clare College at pieced together portraits of ancient actually fought barefoot) were subject
than 3,000 years ago, after the death of Cambridge University — writes with Egypt’s kings, including Narmer, the to frequent beatings and had to subsist
JENNIFER ANISTON, GEORGE LUCAS, WILLIE NELSON, CHRISTINA HENDRICKS
the boy-king King Tutankhamen, when considerable verve, and his narrative first ruler of a united Egypt (whose on meager rations, which were sup-
the army stepped in to maintain order provides an acute understanding of reign began around 2950 B.C.) ; the posed to be supplemented ‘‘by foraging
and act as power broker. how the Egyptian brand of divine king- warrior king Thutmose III, who se- and stealing.’’ And peasants, who did
As its title indicates, Mr. Wilkinson’s ship evolved over the centuries, how its cured Egypt’s control over the Trans- not have access to the doctors and dent-
JENNIFER ANISTON is making good on Crying in the Rain’’ at the courthouse as new book, ‘‘The Rise and Fall of Ancient pharaohs used their mastery of the ar- jordan; the eccentric Akhenaten, who ists available to the wealthy, suffered
her promise to direct, The Los Angeles punishment after his arrest at a border Egypt,’’ is about those long-ago days of chitectural and decorative arts to glori- declared himself a co-regent with the from a range of debilitating diseases
Times reported. Ms. Aniston has been stop in Sierra Blanca, Texas, on Nov. 26. the pharaohs and does not grapple with fy themselves (and cement their histor- sun; and Ramesses II, who ruled for an like tuberculosis and parasitical infec-
tapped to participate in a short film proj- Judge BECKY DEAN-WALKER said that Mr. developments in that country after the ical reputations) and how intertwined astonishing 67 years and would be im- tions. To make matters worse, high
ect with the singer ALICIA KEYS, the act- Nelson could plead guilty without going death of Cleopatra in 30 B.C. But the the monarchy’s power became with re- mortalized in Shelley’s poem ‘‘Ozy- taxes, the uncertain nature of agricul-
ress DEMI MOORE, and the director PATTY to court, and added that she believed Mr. volume does shed light on patterns in ligion and the military. mandias.’’ ture in the Nile Valley (either too much
JENKINS. They will each direct a short Bramblett had been making a joke. Egyptian history and the ways in which Mr. Wilkinson is nimble at conveying After studying ancient Egypt for water or too little) and the constant
film, which will be presented as ‘‘Project the country’s geography (which made it the sumptuous pageantry and cultural more than 20 years, Mr. Wilkinson says threat of famine combined to make
Five,’’ a Lifetime Networks initiative to ‘‘Mad Men’’ will not return to televi- susceptible to invasion and attack) and sophistication of pharaonic Egypt. He he found himself growing ‘‘increasingly daily life feel perennially precarious.
spotlight breast cancer. sion until sometime early next year, AMC ‘‘the sharp dichotomies of nature in the deconstructs the elaborate writings uneasy about the subject of my re- Finally, Mr. Wilkinson says, ‘‘The last
confirmed, because of a dispute with the Nile Valley’’ (flood and drought, fertile and funerary iconography, noting that search’’ — increasingly aware of ‘‘the act of Egypt’s great drama was played
CHRIS BROWN’s outburst on ‘‘Good show’s creator, MATTHEW WEINER. Mr. land and arid desert) amplified what ‘‘the Egyptians were adept at record- darker side of pharaonic civilization,’’ out in the streets of Alexandria with a
Morning America’’ last Tuesday does not Weiner is unhappy with a proposal to Mr. Wilkinson sees as a national pro- ing things as they wished them to be which has often been glossed over, he cast of characters as famous as any:
appear to have lost him album sales. The shorten each episode by two minutes (to clivity to view ‘‘the world as a constant seen, not as they actually were,’’ and says, by the ‘‘misty-eyed reverence’’ Caesar, Mark Antony, and Cleopatra.
singer’s new album, ‘‘F.A.M.E.’’ (Jive), add commercial time) and to cut the cast battle between order and chaos’’ — a that tomb decoration was ‘‘designed, that many scholars have shared with With her death, in 30, Egypt became a
sold 270,000 copies last week, according budget. He said the changes would make tendency that he says the country’s above all, to reinforce the established tourists. Roman possession and its 3,000-year-
to Nielsen SoundScan, becoming his first ‘‘Mad Men’’ a ‘‘different show.’’ The new leaders often played upon to justify social order,’’ for instance, showing a ‘‘We marvel at the pyramids,’’ he old pharaonic tradition came to an end.’’
No. 1 on the Billboard album chart. season of the series, which stars JON their domineering, autocratic rule. tomb’s owner dominating every scene, writes, ‘‘without stopping to think too
HAMM and CHRISTINA HENDRICKS, had been Although the book offers far more de- towering in size over his family and much about the political system that ONLINE: DIVINE KINGSHIP
The ‘‘Star Wars’’ creator GEORGE LUCAS set for broadcast in July. tail about lesser-known pharaohs and workers. In addition, Mr. Wilkinson made them possible. We take vicarious An excerpt from ‘‘The Rise and Fall of
has predicted that 3-D filmmaking will PHOTOGRAPHS: REUTERS, GETTY-AFP, AP, AP lesser-known battles than the lay read- provides an intriguing account of how pleasure in the pharaohs’ military victo- Ancient Egypt.’’ global.nytimes.com/books
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 | 11
Sports
cricket basketball
Loss ends
a career
marred by
controversy
CRICKET MOHALI, INDIA
REUTERS
Considered by many to be the heir to Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka, left, has a unique bowling form because of a deformed arm and double-jointed wrist. Sachin Tendulkar of India holds the scoring record for both five-day tests and one-day internationals.
the Pakistan greats Imran Khan, Wasim
Akram and Waqar Younis, Akhtar dis-
peripatetic American life. Coverage in France spiked in 2006 and An evacuee from the recent disaster in Japan watching the national high school baseball tournament at a gymnasium in Yamagata. The event, known as Koshien, features 32 teams.
‘‘The Super Bowl is this huge winner- 2007 when Joakim Noah, the New-York-
take-all, one-game event, this extraordi- born son of the tennis star-turned-
nary one-night stand,’’ Robert chanteur Yannick Noah, was a force of it was just amazing.’’ baseball tournaments, spring Koshien many a less gifted player has earned a inception by rival newspapers that con-
Thompson, a Syracuse University pro- nature for Florida. Australians took So is there anywhere else in the world and summer Koshien. Baseball is even more ephemeral measure of fame for a tinue to ensure their extensive cover-
fessor of popular culture, told the news- more interest when Andrew Gaze where student-athletes (or at least ath- more popular in Japan than basketball quirk or a timely hit. age, predate the N.C.A.A.’s, which
paper USA Today last year. ‘‘The helped Seton Hall to the final in 1989 and letes registered as students) can leave a is in the United States, and like the The spring Koshien is an invitational began in 1939.
N.C.A.A. tournament is more like a took more interest again when towering nation — and just one nation — rapt for N.C.A.A.’s, the tournaments draw na- event that involves 32 teams, with the fi- But the decisive phase of the summer
short relationship — short enough to not Luke Schenscher helped Georgia Tech three entire weeks? In Britain, there is tional television coverage and the occa- nal set for Sunday; the summer Koshi- Koshien lasts only two weeks, not three,
be bored, long enough to be fulfilling. into the final in 2004. the Boat Race between Oxford and sional controversy over amateur eligib- en, which features extensive regional and for all the passion, the national
And it’s got a rational, logical ending.’’ ‘‘You do feel like a rock star,’’ Cambridge, which has been generating ility and spark many a pilgrimage from qualifying, concludes in August with a broadcaster NHK probably did not have
That depends on the year, professor, Schenscher told the Adelaide newspa- considerable attention for more than a students and alumnae. Like the championship phase involving 49 to pay anything remotely close to the
in this single-elimination tournament. per The Advertiser in February. ‘‘There century but which lasted less than 18 N.C.A.A.’s, they are also star makers: teams. nearly $11 billion that the U.S. broad-
In 2008, the No. 1 seeds in all four re- were 10,000 screaming fans in the lobby minutes when Oxford upset Cambridge future major league baseball luminaries Both final phases are played in volu- casters CBS and Turner Sports agreed
gions reached the Final Four. This year spilling out onto the streets, and it was on Saturday. Hideki Matsui and Daisuke Matsuzaka minous Hanshin Koshien Stadium in to pay last year for 14 years of television
has not been nearly as rational and lo- almost impossible to get to the team Perhaps the closest equivalent is in both rose to prominence in the more Nishinomiya, near Kobe, and both tour- rights to the N.C.A.A. tournament.
gical as minnows, or at least sardines bus. They’re singing the school song — Japan, with its national high school prestigious summer tournament, and naments, which were sponsored at their Le March Madness indeed.
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12 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
SPORTS
WIZARD of ID DILBERT
3
(c) PZZL.com Distributed by The New York Times syndicate
5 9 8
Created by Peter Ritmeester/Presented by Will Shortz
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BRIDGE | Frank Stewart CROSSWORD | Edited by Will Shortz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
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his ace on the ace of hearts. Solution to March 31 puzzle 3 Hammer PUZZLE BY ELIZABETH A. LONG THE NEW YORK TIMES
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14 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
Business W ITH
4 Irish banks
are pushed
Even Catalonia falters in Spain’s financial crisis
BARCELONA
¤24 billion
The city of Barcelona recently finished
building four care centers to house 154
mentally and physically disabled people.
Instead of opening, however, the cen-
LONDON ters, which were built at a cost of ¤14.5
million, or $21 million, are among 10 social
and health infrastructure projects in the
New stress tests uncover city that have been mothballed. The re-
deeper problems from gional government of Catalonia, of which
Barcelona is the vibrant, seaside capital,
real estate lending does not have the funds to operate them.
Despite its reputation for economic
BY LANDON THOMAS JR. dynamism and the international allure of
its golden beaches, Catalonia is facing a
The Irish government said Thursday financing shortfall that has not only up-
that four banks needed to raise an addi- set its drive toward greater autonomy
tional ¤24 billion to cover problem real from the rest of Spain, but also deepened
estate loans, part of the results of a long- market concerns about faltering fiscal
awaited stress test on the country’s fail- discipline among Spain’s 17 regions.
ing financial institutions. Indeed, the failure of Catalonia and
While largely expected by the market, eight other regions to meet their 2010
the total aid figure was still a jarring deficit targets has helped to keep wor-
number — one that increases the total ries about Spain’s long-term financial
bill for bailing out Ireland’s banks to footing alive, despite significant im-
about ¤70 billion, or about $99 billion, provement at the national level.
and increases government control of Catalonia, which has traditionally
the banking sector. been one of the wealthiest and most in-
The Irish bank losses come amid fresh dustrialized regions in Spain, is now
concerns that Europe’s banking prob- among its worst performers.
lems are getting worse, not better. In Its recently elected government faces
Spain, which is experiencing a real es- the daunting task of having to cut its
tate collapse similar to Ireland’s, a plan budget deficit by two-thirds this year to
for four troubled savings banks, or ca- fall back in line with targets set by the
jas, to merge fell through Wednesday, central government. At the same time,
raising concerns there that, as was the borrowing costs are rising, adding to an
case in Ireland, Spain might be underes- already heavy debt pile.
timating the depth of its banking crisis. ‘‘For the general population, there
‘‘This has been one of the costliest has been surprise and even shock at the
banking crises in history,’’ said Patrick state of our finances,’’ Andreu Mas-
Honohan, the governor of the Central Colell, the finance minister of Catalonia,
Bank of Ireland, which oversaw the said during an interview.
stress tests. ‘‘There was a need for the He is planning to cut public spending PHOTOGRAPHS BY STEFANO BUONAMICI FOR THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
banks to have ample capital to meet the 10 percent this year, but still expects to Commuters traveling to Barcelona. Catalonia has rebelled against central government measures to cut train fares 5 percent, saying that the cost of operating public transport is rising.
markets gloomy prognostications.’’ have to borrow about ¤11 billion.
The market’s reaction was for the With an economy the size of Por-
most part muted. The yield on 10-year tugal’s, Catalonia accounts for 16 per-
Irish bonds rose 0.1 percent point Thurs- cent of the Spanish population, 19 per-
day, to 10 percent, just off the all-time cent of the country’s gross domestic
high of 10.3 percent. product and 27 percent of its exports.
Expected or not, the large figure will Catalonia’s ¤30.3 billion of debt,
give the new Irish government fresh however, represents 28 percent of
ammunition to push more forcefully its Spain’s combined regional debt pile, ac-
view that holders of senior, unsecured cording to figures published in Decem-
bank debt — a security that is riskier in ber by the Bank of Spain.
nature than one that is currently guar- Its budget deficit reached 3.9 percent
anteed by the government — should of its regional output last year, compared
with a target of 2.4 percent. As a propor-
tion of output, Catalonia now has the
fourth-highest deficit and the second-
biggest debt ratio among the 17 regions.
Warning of ‘‘challenges that will per-
sist throughout this year,’’ Moody’s last
month downgraded Catalan debt, along-
side that of three other regions and the The seat of the Catalan government. It has to cut its budget deficit by two-thirds in 2011. A center for the handicapped stands empty in Barcelona, which cannot afford to operate it.
sovereign debt of Spain. The credit rat-
ing agency also cut the rating for the
Barcelona city hall. Rodríguez Zapatero introduced energy- across Spain that the mathematics of fi- business school. ‘‘The problem with
Bay of
Catalonia’s difficulties are no differ- saving measures to offset rising oil nancing regionalism don’t work out,’’ Catalonia is not so much its bad num- 200 km
Biscay FRANCE
CATHAL MCNAUGHTON/REUTERS ent from those that have brought pain to prices that included ordering regions to said Salvador Garcia Ruiz, one of the bers but a loss of credibility and the
An Allied Irish branch in Dublin. The the whole of Spain, with a credit crunch cut fares on commuter trains 5 percent founders of Emma Initiative, an associ- weak control that the central govern-
company will have to raise ¤13.3 billion. resulting from the worldwide financial to encourage more use of public trans- ation promoting Catalan interests. ‘‘And ment has over the regions.’’ CATALONIA
crisis coinciding with a bursting of the port. Catalonia has led a campaign we’re the first to agree because we’re the Last October, just before being ousted
real estate bubble that has left banks against the measures, refusing to ones who’ve been paying for this party.’’ from office, the Catalan coalition gov- Madrid Barcelona
PORTUGAL
take a loss on their position to ease the struggling to provision for bad loans. shoulder the financial burden at a time Still, some industrialists predict that ernment sold ¤3 billion of bonds to its
state’s punishing debt burden. Furthermore, Mr. Mas-Colell and oth- when transport operating costs are Catalonia will rebound faster than the citizens. The sale met with strong de-
So far the European Union and the In- ers suggested that in the months before rising. rest of Spain because of its exposure to mand, but also drew criticism from SPAIN
ternational Monetary Fund have resist- the election last year, governing politi- Mr. Mas-Colell accused Mr. Zapa- foreign markets. economists because of its pricing. The Mediterranean
ed such a move, arguing that to restruc- cians took their eye off the ball in an ul- tero’s government of setting double ‘‘As an industrial hub, we got hit one-year bonds were sold with a 4.75 Sea
ture any amount of debt would be more timately unsuccessful effort to keep standards. ‘‘We get scolded in the morn- harder in the recession, but we also percent interest rate, on top of which the
a political than a practical measure. their fragile, three-way party coalition have the capacity to recover faster and government paid a fee to the issuing
They also contend that restructuring in power. The troubles in the region, benefit more from the stronger mo- banks of about 3 percent. Such generous ALGERIA
would create a broader market panic as ‘‘The fiscal adjustments that any sen- mentum of Germany and others,’’ said terms set ‘‘a precedent that I would MOROCCO
investors unload not just their Irish sible person should have seen as neces-
one of the wealthiest in Spain, Joaquim Boixareu, chief executive of prefer not to have,’’ Mr. Mas-Colell said.
holdings, but similar exposure in other sary two years ago didn’t start then, and have deepened concerns about Irestal, a stainless steel company based With municipal elections scheduled
weak economies like Greece, Spain and some of them are only starting now,’’ the country’s fiscal discipline. on the outskirts of Barcelona. for May, his party’s austerity drive has team of new directors abandoned a
Portugal. Mr. Mas-Colell said. In the wake of the downgrade by had a direct effect on city halls like Bar- planned revamp of the Camp Nou stadi-
Ireland’s banks relied on the Euro- The new Catalan government, Moody’s, Catalonia’s most immediate celona’s, since the regional government um after concluding that the club could
pean Central Bank for ¤88.7 billion of fi- however, has not allowed financial ing for spending too much and a mea- concern is how to secure additional fi- runs services like health and education not afford the ¤300 million project,
nancing at the end of February, the cen- squeezing to undermine its push for sure is then taken in the afternoon nancing on affordable terms. In March, — hence the shelving of projects like which was designed by the British ar-
tral bank said. The Irish finance more autonomy, from efforts to keep which has to be paid by us.’’ the regional government had to aban- those for the handicapped. chitect Norman Foster.
minister, Michael Noonan, said Thurs- some ailing savings banks under The problem, many local commenta- don a planned sale of as much as ¤500 ‘‘The problem used to be that we ‘‘Barcelona wants to have the status
day that the E.C.B. had agreed to extend Catalan control to a recent ¤10.5 million tors claim, lies not with past extrava- million of debt to institutions after fail- didn’t have enough infrastructure,’’ of a capital city, but to maintain such a
its financing over the medium term to emergency loan to Spanair, a struggling gance or mismanagement but with a na- ing to attract sufficient demand. said Jordi William Carnes i Ayats, Bar- status, you need to spend a lot,’’ said
give Ireland’s banks more time to work airline based in Barcelona. tional financing system that has left ‘‘Catalonia recently borrowed at a celona’s deputy mayor responsible for François Badelon, a French fund man-
through their problems. The financial difficulties have Catalonia contributing the equivalent of cost that was close to Greece’s and that the treasury. Now, he said, there was a ager who has worked in Barcelona for
The ¤24 billion figure comprises ¤13.3 heightened the tensions that flare fre- 10 percent of its G.D.P. to support poorer is not sustainable,’’ said Luis de Guin- lack of funds to put it into operation. the past three years. ‘‘The infrastruc-
billion for Allied Irish Banks, ¤5.2 billion quently in the decentralized Spanish regions through taxes collected by the dos, director of the Center for the Finan- The belt-tightening has extended as ture here is great, but I’m not sure that
for Bank of Ireland, and the rest for two political system. central government in Madrid. cial Sector, a Madrid-based institute run far as F.C. Barcelona, a soccer club idol- there are enough people using it to justi-
smaller institutions, Irish Life & Perma- Last month, Prime Minister José Luis ‘‘There is increasing recognition by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the IE ized by most Catalans. Last autumn, a fy it all.’’
nent and EBS Building Society. EBS will
be folded into Allied Irish, the central
bank said.
of last resort, based on the idea that dur- search contracts that Boeing received rates and several billion dollars in Happier days In a memoir due out next month, Paul G. Allen, left, accuses his co-
ing a crisis, even healthy banks can have from the U.S. National Aeronautics and grants, to produce the A380 superjumbo Christopher Drew contributed reporting founder at Microsoft, Bill Gates, of whittling down his ownership in the company and
trouble getting short-term funds. Space Administration and the Depart- and five other best-selling models. But from New York. taking credit for some of his contributions. global.nytimes.com/technology
of punishing
gency help more likely, which in itself
is cause for yet more selling of govern-
ment bonds.
Window on
the creditors
Don’t get me wrong — people who
Wall Street lent money in an attempt to cash in on
the moral hazard trade deserve their
losses, as do earlier lenders who failed
to do their due diligence. But I can’t
AZAM AHM E D help feeling this will spin out of the orbit
of burden-sharing and into something
more chaotic. German taxpayers also
NEW YORK Ten years ago, Goldman seem to think this is looking like a ‘‘be-
Sachs proclaimed that Brazil was careful-what-you-wish-for’’ moment.
among the new economic powerhouses. New stress test results released
Now, it is the next frontier for hedge
funds.
James Thursday showed that four Irish banks
needed to raise an additional ¤24 bil-
Looking to capitalize on fast-growing Saft lion, or $34 billion, to cover problem
Latin American economies, global real estate loans, increasing the total
hedge fund managers have started to bill for bailing out Ireland’s lenders to
descend on Brazil. The industry’s IN S IDE T H E M A RK E T S about ¤70 billion.
biggest players are wooing top talent, That is a staggering amount, and giv-
opening offices and buying local firms en that austerity will only further erode
— all part of a broader effort to expand It looks just about possible that credit- the value of the assets Irish banks have
their investment reach. ors are going to be paying something lent against, there is no guarantee that
Late last year, Highbridge Capital, a like their share of the euro zone debt that will be where it ends.
J.P. Morgan unit, purchased a majority disaster after all. Ireland’s new government appears
stake in Gávea Investimentos, a top This could be a little patch of justice to be taking a harder line about requir-
Brazilian hedge fund. Brevan Howard, in an unfair world, but like most justice ing lenders to Irish banks to take a por-
one of Europe’s largest hedge funds, it promises long-term benefits but tion of the losses. Subordinated credit-
has set up shop in São Paulo. The first short-term pain, both for those dis- ors are sure to have their loans
Hedge Fund Brazil Forum, an industry pensing and receiving it. restructured, and senior creditors may
conference held this week, drew hun- First, people with money and a well face losses, too.
dreds of attendees, including represen- choice are already voting with their To be clear, it is right that the banks
tatives from major hedge funds like feet, choosing not to lend to the ailing that fed the Irish banking beast with
Paulson & Co. and S.A.C. Capital Ad- governments on Europe’s periphery. easy loans take losses as a means of
visors. Second, some of these creditors to easing the hardships that are falling on
In all, hedge fund assets devoted to Ireland, Greece and Portugal and their the Irish people. Ire-
Latin America rose 75 percent in 2010, banks are very likely to find that their Like most land’s banking sys-
to $21.4 billion, according to data from share of the damage exceeds their cap- tem, like Iceland’s
THOMAS LEE/BLOOMBERG NEWS
justice, it
Hedge Fund Research. Oscar Decotelli of Vision Brazil Investments said Brazil’s economic growth and opportunity for investment were still in their infancy. ital, an inconvenient reality for both the and arguably Brit-
‘‘Latin America suffered because it banks involved and the sovereign hosts promises ain’s, was way out of
was always believed that ‘Brazil is the who will have to pick up the pieces. long-term proportion to the size
man of the future and always will be,’’’ hunt, opportunities for great returns try’s central bank, to run its new re- The E.U. summit meeting last week benefits but of its economy.
said Marko Dimitrijevi, founder of ‘‘Brazil is not just a could shrink. search operations in Brazil. ended with a set of policies that told short-term This may be a ne-
Everest Capital, an emerging-market commodity story, but a very ‘‘What’s the famous saying? ‘If the The expansion into the region is also creditors that their heads would be on pain. gotiating ploy by the
hedge fund based in Florida. ‘‘But it strong domestic story.’’ taxi driver is talking about an invest- about tapping into newfound wealth as the block when the European Stability Irish government, as
looks like the future is now.’’ ment, you know it’s time to sell,’’’ said a source of investor money. In April Mechanism, a bailout conduit, kicked a substantial write-
The strategy follows a well-worn Oscar Decotelli, partner at Vision Brazil 2010, Morgan Stanley opened a hedge in. down of Irish bank debts would spread
playbook for hedge funds. Just as firms ready to burst. Asia accounts for half of Investments, a firm based in São Paulo. fund office for its Latin American cli- All European government bonds is- losses — and, more important, fear —
moved into Hong Kong to gain entry to hedge fund assets dedicated to emerg- But Mr. Decotelli said he believed ents in São Paulo. sued beginning in July 2013 will include across Europe’s banking system.
the lucrative mainland Chinese market ing markets. By comparison, Latin that Brazil’s growth and opportunity In some ways, hedge funds are taking a provision that makes buyers vulner- A rescheduling by Ireland, Greece or
a decade ago, they are using Brazil as a America represents 11 percent. were still in their infancy and that the a more measured approach than in the able to forced extensions of the bonds, Portugal would be highly disruptive for
beachhead for the rest of Latin Amer- ‘‘People were a lot more bullish on new institutional players would help past. After rushing into the Asian mar- reductions in interest rates and, ulti- global markets, and you can bet that
ica. The Hedge Fund Association Asian markets over the last two to the market evolve. ket, many funds had to fold their opera- mately, write-downs of principle in the the European Central Bank and the
planted an official industry flag Wed- three years because everything ‘‘In the past five years, about 34 mil- tions in Hong Kong and Singapore as event of a crisis. European Union are under tremendous
nesday, with the announcement that it seemed to be going one way,’’ said lion Brazilians entered the middle returns slumped during the global fi- Once the European Stability Mechan- pressure to make sure it does not hap-
was opening a regional chapter in the Anurag Bhardwaj, head of strategic class,’’ he said. ‘‘This for a population of nancial crisis. ism takes effect, garden-variety lenders pen.
market. consulting at Barclays Capital, which is 200 million is very, very significant. ‘‘Some people built too much too fast like banks and pension funds will be There is, though, a sense that there is
The appeal is obvious. While many set to publish a survey on investor sen- Brazil is not just a commodity story, but in Hong Kong, so as a general matter, subordinated, meaning the government no political will or capacity to bring
developed countries have sputtered timent this month. ‘‘Investors are look- a very strong domestic story.’’ they are going to approach Brazil with bailout fund gets its money back first. about a solution that keeps Greece, Ire-
amid weak economic growth, Brazil has ing to other markets less correlated but Hedge funds are looking to well- more of a ‘Hey, let’s try this out’ rather Countries that want access to the fund land and Portugal all on board and can
continued to thrive, given its rich re- with good fundamentals, and Brazil def- placed executives to help them navi- than ‘Let’s put 16 people on the ground may require a debt restructuring, a po- also be sold to the German electorate.
serve of natural resources and growing initely falls into that category.’’ gate the new territory. As in Asia, firms right away,’’’ said Daniel Hunter, a part- lite term for a partial default. It has been a long first three months
middle class. Last year, the Brazilian Economic growth in Latin America are tapping high-profile names to lead ner at the law firm Schulte Roth & Zabel. While that may be just — and is politi- of the year. Egypt, Japan and Libya
gross domestic product increased 7.5 faces potential obstacles. While Brazil their efforts, giving them much-needed ‘‘All I can tell you is that there is def- cally expedient for the politicians trying have distracted attention, while the
percent, helping to catapult Brazil has been strong coming out of the glob- political and business contacts in the initely a desire in parts of the hedge to sell the bailout back in Berlin and Par- long-running and procedural nature of
ahead of Britain and France to become al economic crisis, analysts are becom- country. fund space to find out what’s going on is — it is also the equivalent of ringing a the euro zone’s problems make them a
the fifth-largest economy in the world ing increasingly concerned about infla- When Highbridge purchased a ma- in Brazil and find out how to tap into it,’’ fire alarm in a crowded theater. Every- pleasure to ignore.
last year, after the United States, China, tion. Goldman Sachs recently cut its jority stake in Gávea Investimentos he added. one is going to head for the exits. Stan- Things could move rapidly in the
Japan and Germany. Brazilian growth forecasts for 2011 and last year, the deal came with the firm’s dard & Poor’s downgraded Portugal and next week, and perhaps upend wide-
Brazil is also a standout among de- 2012. marquee founder, Arminio Fraga, the ONLINE: DEALBOOK Greece, citing the new rules, this week. spread expectations of an E.C.B. in-
veloping countries. Money has poured There are also worries of crowding in former president of the Central Bank of Read more about deals There is every reason to expect that Ire- terest rate increase April 7.
into China and the rest of Asia, prompt- the market, as more investors pile into Brazil. Brevan Howard hired Mario and the deal makers. land will not be far behind.
ing fears that the region is a bubble the region. With more money on the Mesquita, former deputy of the coun- nytimes.com/dealbook Credit spreads between countries James Saft is a Reuters columnist.
World markets
United States
Thursday, March 31
Last Chg 12 mo.%
Interest rates
10-year govt. Ask yield Chg 12 mo. ago 3-month gov’t Ask yield Chg 12 mo. ago
IN THE NEWS ✴ WORLD BUSINESS
U.S. Dow Jones indus. 12,354.05 +3.44 +13.3 Britain 3.678% +0.025 3.975% Britain 0.658% +0.006 0.537%
U.S. S.&P. 500 1,328.67 +0.41 +13.2 France 3.697 +0.021 3.435 France 0.727 +0.016 0.289
U.S. S.&P. 100 594.29 –0.03 +10.7 Germany 3.351 +0.014 3.115 Germany 0.565 –0.029 0.190
U.S. Nasdaq composite 2,778.14 +1.35 +15.2 Japan 1.242 +0.008 3.115 Japan 0.118 +0.001 n.a.
U.S. NYSE composite 8,423.49 +6.80 +12.9 United States 3.455 –0.017 3.857 United States 0.095 –0.008 0.153
U.S. Russell 2000 841.80 +1.43 +23.1
1-year gov’t Benchmark rates Last Latest chg NEW YORK
The Americas
Britain 0.634% –0.041 0.633% Britain (bank) 0.50% –0.50 (Mar. 5) 0.50%
Mexico IPC 37,413.65 +203.38 +12.0
France 1.287 +0.016 0.573 Canada (overnight) 1.00 0.25 (Sep. 8) 0.25 BAILED-OUT LENDER PLANS RETURN
Canada S.&P./TSX 14,137.37 +53.79 +17.4
Germany 1.169 +0.028 0.505 Euro zone (refinancing) 1.00 –0.25 (May. 12) 1.00
Brazil Bovespa 68,499.09 +502.03 –2.1
Japan 0.150 +0.009 0.505 Japanese (overnight) 0.109999401.10 (Jun. 25) 0.10
TO MARKET WITH $100 MILLION I.P.O.
Argent. Merval 3,373.90 –2.54 +40.3
United States 0.256 –0.012 0.390 United States (prime) 3.25 –0.75 (Dec. 16) 3.25
Chile Stock Market select 4,605.04 +10.85 +22.4
Ally Financial, the auto and mortgage
Europe and Middle East Futures Cross rates lender in which the U.S. government
Euro zone DJ Stoxx 50 2,910.91 –25.53 –1.0
Britain FTSE 100 5,908.76 –39.54 +4.2 Agricultural City Units Delivery Last Chg
One
One One
Swiss Can.
has a majority stake, on Thursday filed
Germany DAX 7,041.31 –15.84 +14.6 Corn Chicago $/bu May 6.93 +0.30
France CAC 40 3,989.18 –35.26 unch. Cotton N.Y. $/lb. May 2.00 +0.07
$1 €1 £1 ¥100 ruble franc doll. to raise up to $100 million in an initial
Italy FTSE MIB 21,727.44 –273.75 –5.5 Soybeans Chicago $/bu May 14.14 +0.42
Australia
Brazil
0.964
1.626
1.370
2.309
1.551
2.614
1.163 0.034
1.960 0.057
1.052 0.995
1.774 1.677
public offering.
Spain IBEX 35 10,576.50 –155.80 –3.7
Switzerland SIX 6,357.55 –40.87 –7.5
Wheat Chicago $/bu May 7.64 +0.37
Britain 0.622 0.883 - 0.750 0.022 0.678 0.641 U.S. taxpayers bailed out Ally several
Rice Chicago $/cwt May 13.98 +0.20
Sweden OMX 30 1,134.87 –3.19 +11.0 Cocoa N.Y. $/ton May 2,951.00 –36.00
Canada 0.969 1.376 1.559 1.168 0.341 1.058 - times in 2008 and 2009, investing more
China 6.548 9.299 10.530 7.893 0.166 7.144 6.754
Russia RTS
Czech Rep. Prague Stock Exch.
2,041.26
1,257.30
+5.34
–3.50
+30.7
+3.7
Coffee N.Y. $/lb. May 2.66 +0.01
Denmark 5.248 7.454 8.442 6.327 0.185 5.727 5.414
than $17 billion in the company, which
Sugar N.Y. cts/lb. May 27.07 –0.14
Israel TA-25 1,320.13 –0.31 +7.1
Orange juice N.Y. cts/lb. May 162.35 +0.85
Euro zone 0.704 - 1.132 0.849 0.025 0.768 0.726 was formerly known as GMAC. The fil-
Asia
Metals, energy
India
Japan
44.500
82.920
63.350
117.76
71.735
133.34
53.793 1.570 48.685 45.895
- 2.917 90.470 85.550
ing did not specify the number of shares
Japan Nikkei 225 9,755.10 +46.31 –12.1
H.K. Hang Seng 23,527.52 +76.09 +10.1 Aluminum London $/m. ton 3 mo. 262,900 –1900 Mexico 11.889 16.883 19.117 14.300 0.000 12.971 12.262 to be sold, the price range, or the ex-
Australia All Ordinaries 4,928.61 +15.93 unch. Copper N.Y. cts/lb. May 430.95 +3.55 Russia 28.401 40.317 45.652 34.200 - 30.970 29.281 change on which the shares would trade.
China Shanghai composite 2,928.11 –27.66 –6.4 Gold N.Y. $/tr.oz. June 1,438.60 +13.70 Singapore 1.260 1.790 2.026 1.519 0.044 1.375 1.300
S. Korea Kospi 2,106.70 +15.32 +23.9 Palladium N.Y. $/tr.oz. June 763.50 +5.40 S. Africa 6.762 9.587 10.856 8.100 0.238 7.365 6.963
The I.P.O. will be the latest in a hand-
India S.&P. CNX Nifty 5,787.30 –0.35 +10.0 Platinum N.Y. $/tr.oz. July 1,775.40 +1.30 S. Korea 1096.50 1557.14 1763.17 1321.70 38.577 1196.27 1130.90 ful of offerings by government-rescued
Silver N.Y. $/tr.oz. May 37.81 +0.29
Taiwan
Singapore
Taiex
Straits Times
8,683.30
3,105.85
+36.99
+10.53
+9.1
+5.9 Brent crude London $/bbl. May 117.17 +2.04
Sweden 6.295
Switzerland 0.916
8.937
1.301
10.126
1.473
7.586 0.222
1.105 0.032
6.869 6.493
- 0.945
companies that include General Motors,
Thailand SET 1,048.30 –2.37 +32.9 Light sw.crude N.Y. $/bbl. May 106.34 +2.07 Taiwan 29.400 41.740 47.275 35.400 1.036 32.070 30.317 which has already completed its offer-
Indonesia Jakarta composite 3,678.67 +37.70 +31.5 Natural gas N.Y. $/mln.BTUs 3 mo. 4.40 +0.05 U.S. - 1.420 1.608 1.206 0.035 1.092 1.032 ing, and American International Group, ANDREW BIRAJ/REUTERS
Exchange rates which is preparing a share sale of more Backlash A rally by members of the Islami Oikya Jote party in Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Major currencies $1 Chg. €1 Chg. £1 Chg. Asia (cont.) $1 Chg. €1 Chg. £1 Chg. The Americas $1 Chg. €1 Chg. £1 Chg.
than $10 billion for mid-May. (REUTERS) on Thursday. It has called a national strike Monday to protest equality for women.
Euro 0.704 –0.003 - - 1.132 –0.006 Singapore dollar 1.260 –0.002 1.790 0.008 2.026 –0.002 Argentine peso 4.053 0.005 5.755 0.035 6.517 0.012
Dollar - - 1.420 0.007 1.608 0.001 South Korean won 1096.50 –5.950 1557.14 –0.180 1763.17 –9.240 Brazilian real 1.626 –0.002 2.309 0.009 2.614 –0.004 MIL AN
Taiwan dollar 29.400 –0.080 41.740 0.110 47.275 –0.120 Canadian dollar 0.969 –0.002 1.376 0.004 1.559 –0.003
Pound 0.622 unch. 0.883 0.005 - -
Thursday that pretax profit fell 30 per- The divestiture is part of a broader
Swiss franc 0.916 –0.003 1.301 0.004 1.473 –0.003 Thai baht 30.240 –0.070 42.941 0.113 48.626 –0.082 Chilean peso 477.50 –4.350 678.05 –2.804 767.82 –6.513
GOVERNMENT RAISES DEFENSE
Yen 82.920 0.050 117.76 0.700 133.34 0.130
Europe
Mexican peso 11.889 –0.036 16.883 0.043 19.117 –0.048 cent to 3.54 billion Swedish kronor, or effort to refocus on the British market,
Asia Czech koruna 17.263 –0.086 24.513 –0.001 27.759 –0.121
Venezuelan bolivar 4.289 unch. 6.090 0.030 6.897 0.004 AGAINST FOREIGN TAKEOVERS $558 million, in the three months ended improve the company’s financial posi-
Australian dollar 0.964 –0.005 1.370 0.002 1.551 –0.005 Danish krone 5.248 –0.031 7.454 –0.002 8.442 –0.040 Middle East and Africa
Chinese renminbi 6.548 –0.008 9.299 0.039 10.530 –0.008 Hungarian forint 187.21 –0.930 265.84 –0.004 301.03 –1.307 Egyptian pound 5.957 –0.007 8.459 0.032 9.579 –0.005 The Italian government on Thursday February. Analysts’ average forecast tion and cut its pension deficit. At the
Hong Kong dollar 7.775 –0.008 11.041 0.043 12.502 –0.005 Norwegian krone 5.518 –0.057 7.836 –0.042 8.873 –0.086 Israeli shekel 3.474 –0.025 4.933 –0.011 5.586 –0.037 authorized the purchase of stakes in was 3.84 billion kronor. Sales were end of 2010, Taylor Wimpey had debt of
Indian rupee 44.500 –0.110 63.350 0.148 71.735 –0.202 Polish zloty 2.835 –0.006 4.026 0.011 4.559 –0.007 Saudi riyal 3.750 unch. 5.325 0.026 6.030 0.004
Indonesian rupiah 8705.00 –11.000 12361.1 45.392 13997.6 –8.972 Russian ruble 28.401 –0.121 40.317 0.030 45.652 –0.194 South African rand 6.762 –0.060 9.587 –0.050 10.856 –0.113 companies it considers strategic — in- broadly flat, at 24.5 billion kronor. about £654.5 million, or $1 billion.
Malaysian ringgit 3.025 –0.001 4.296 0.020 4.864 0.001 Swedish krona
Turkish lira
6.295
1.543
–0.023
–0.009
8.937
2.191
0.008
–0.002
10.126
2.481
–0.040
–0.013
cluding Parmalat, the dairy company in H&M, the world’s largest clothing Taylor Wimpey operates under the
Philippine peso 43.300 –0.100 61.486 0.162 69.626 –0.117
which a French rival has acquired a 29 chain after Inditex of Spain, said the Taylor Morrison brand in the United
World 100 The companies with the largest market capitalization, listed alphabetically by region. Prices shown are for regular trading. percent shareholding. drop was mainly due to its decision not States and Monarch in Canada.
A+‡ or −
‡ indicates stocks that reached a new 52-week high or low.
Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti will to pass on higher cotton costs and negat-
Company
U.S. Last
52-wk price range
Chg 12 mo.% Low Last ( ‡) High
Company (Country)
The Americas Last
52-wk price range
Chg 12 mo.% Low Last ( ‡) High
Company (Country)
Europe (cont.) Last
52-wk price range
Chg 12 mo.% Low Last ( ‡) High
be able to adopt measures ‘‘analogous to ive currency effects to shoppers. (REUTERS) NEW YORK
Abbott Laborat. 49.40 +0.44 –5.9 45.16 54.34 AmBev (BR) 45.26 –0.13 –72.7 42.30 244.98 Santander (ES) 8.19 –0.20 –17.8 7.30 10.79 those that exist in other European coun-
AIR FRANCE MAY DIVIDE ORDER
Amazon.com 180.8 +1.4 +32.4 108.6 191.3 Amer. Movil (MX) 34.38 +0.14 +9.3 30.11 36.33 Sberbank (RU) 106.7 –0.3 +25.3 64.3 109.6 tries’’ to acquire stakes in companies TAIPEI
Apple 348.5 –0.1 +47.8 224.8 363.1 Bradesco (BR) 33.25 +0.80 +3.0 28.11 37.10 Siemens (DE) 96.71 +0.40 +32.3 68.25 98.00
deemed strategic by the government, Air France-KLM Group, the biggest
AT&T 30.63 –0.08 +18.0 24.13 29.98 Ecopetrol (BR) 3,875 –5 +44.3 2,630 4,660 StatoilHydro (NO) 153.3 +0.5 +11.9 117.6 155.3 ACER CHIEF EXECUTIVE LEAVES
Bank of America 13.37 –0.08 –24.7 10.95 19.48 Itau Unibanco (BR) 38.62 +1.01 +0.2 32.11 43.53 Telefonica (ES) 17.67 –0.15 –0.3 14.88 19.60 according to a statement released after a European airline, might split an order
Berkshite Hath. 125,326 –2777 +2.3 104,950 131,300 Petrobras (BR) 32.46 +0.04 –17.4 26.68 40.59 Total (FR) 42.96 +0.04 +0.2 35.88 44.41 meeting of Prime Minister Silvio Ber- AFTER SHARES TAKE A DIVE for about 100 wide-body aircraft be-
Chevron 108.1 +0.1 +43.6 67.3 106.8 R. Bk of Can. (CA) 60.31 +0.15 +0.9 48.95 62.42 UBS Inv. Bk (CH) 16.48 –0.29 –3.6 14.02 18.93
Cisco Systems 17.18 –0.15 –35.5 17.00 27.57 Vale (BR) 47.26 +0.19 –4.6 37.50 53.41 Unilever (GB) 1,906 +7 –0.3 1,677 1,998
lusconi’s cabinet. Parmalat is considered Acer, the second-largest seller of per- tween Airbus and Boeing, the com-
Citigroup 4.43 –0.02 +8.4 3.63 5.13 Vodafone (GB) 177.8 –2.1 +16.8 129.5 181.6 strategic, according to the statement. sonal computers, replaced its chief ex- pany’s secretary general said Thursday.
Coca-Cola 66.53 +0.49 +21.3 50.03 65.77 Middle East and Africa Volkswagen (DE) 114.5 –0.9 +68.5 66.1 136.9
Lactalis, a French dairy company, ecutive Thursday, barely a week after A decision on a possible order for Air-
ConocoPhillips 80.79 +0.10 +57.6 48.82 80.24 Saudi Basic In. (SA)105.3 closed +5.8 76.8 112.3
Exxon Mobil 84.40 –0.09 +25.9 56.57 87.07 Asia bought the Parmalat shares from a the company gave a downbeat outlook bus A350 and Boeing 787 passenger
General Electric 20.04 –0.07 +9.5 13.88 21.52 Europe Agric. Bank (CN) 2.76 +0.01 –95.9 2.53 2.95 group of foreign investors who had been that wiped more than $1 billion off its planes will probably come ‘‘before the
Goldman Sachs
Google
159.1
586.9
unch.
+5.1
–7.2
+3.6
131.1
436.1
184.9
639.6
A-B InBev (BE) 40.20
AstraZeneca (GB) 2,892
–0.51
–8
+6.7
–2.3
35.70
2,811
45.85
3,380
Bank of China (CN) 3.33
BHP Billiton (AU) 46.56
–0.03
+0.95
–23.8
+4.8
3.17
36.28
4.37
47.36
pressuring the Parmalat chief executive, market value in four days. end of the year, maybe during the sum-
Hewlett-Packard 41.12 –0.18 –22.8 38.00 54.52 BASF (DE) 61.03 +0.57 +33.5 40.71 61.73 CBA (AU) 52.40 –0.13 –7.7 47.47 59.83 Enrico Bondi, to use a ¤1.4 billion, or $2 Acer said Gianfranco Lanci would mer,’’ Bertrand Lebel said. The need for
IBM 163.6 unch. +27.0 121.9 166.1 BG Group (GB) 1,559 –6 +37.8 980 1,539 CCB (HK) 4.97 –0.06 –13.3 4.51 5.73 billion, war chest to make acquisitions or leave the company immediately due to delivery slots from the manufacturers
Intel 20.06 –0.40 –10.2 17.67 24.22 BNP Paribas (FR) 51.61 –1.69 –11.5 41.48 58.97 China Life (CN) 20.99 –0.11 –26.9 20.77 29.28
J&J 59.37 –0.01 –8.5 57.02 66.03 BP (GB) 456.3 –2.2 –26.9 300.3 656.2 China Mobile (HK) 71.65 –0.20 –4.7 69.30 84.35
pay out bigger dividends. (BLOOMBERG) differences over the strategy needed to affects the timing, he said. Neither mod-
JPMorgan Chase 46.30 –0.15 +3.9 35.63 48.00 Brit. Am. Tob. (GB) 2,529 +8 +10.6 1,964 2,521 China Shenhua (HK)29.09 +0.11 –0.8 20.75 30.04 counter the success of tablet computers, el has yet entered service. (BLOOMBERG)
McDonald’s
Merck
76.32
33.07
+0.51
–0.24
+13.5
–12.2
65.87
31.08
80.34
38.50
Daimler (DE)
EDF (FR)
49.85
29.22
+0.02
–0.43
+44.2
–28.4
34.40
27.46
58.46
41.96
CNOOC (HK)
ICBC (CN)
19.60
4.47
+0.14
–0.05
+51.7
–11.0
11.58
3.96
19.36
5.02
ALGIERS which has eaten into Acer’s profits. The
Microsoft 25.41 –0.20 –14.6 23.01 31.39 ENI (IT) 17.33 –0.07 –0.5 14.61 18.42 NTT (JP) 3,735 unch. –4.5 3,435 4,130 Acer chairman, J.T. Wang, will take SANTIAGO
ALGERIAN OFFICIAL SAYS TAX LAWS
Occidental Petrol. 104.9 +1.1 +24.5 72.2 107.4 Gazprom (RU) 229.1 –0.2 +34.4 143.0 225.5 NTT DoCoMo (JP)146,200 –2600 +2.9 131,500 158,900 over as acting chief executive.
Oracle 33.33 +0.28 +30.5 21.46 33.68 GDF Suez (FR) 28.75 –0.05 –0.7 22.80 29.94 PetroChina (HK) 11.90 –0.04 –7.9 9.94 13.23 DETER FOREIGN ENERGY FIRMS LATIN AMERICAN BOURSES TO JOIN
P&G 61.78 –0.20 –3.0 59.34 66.70 Glaxo (GB) 1,194 –1 –6.2 1,095 1,318 Ping An Ins. (HK) 49.46 –0.53 –2.7 44.28 66.98
Acer, second only to Hewlett-Packard
Pepsico 65.04 –0.01 –2.6 60.77 68.11 HSBC (GB) 644.7 –11.3 –4.8 599.0 733.2 Reliance Ind. (IN) 1,039 +6 –4.5 896 1,129 The lackluster interest from major en- in the PC market and a dominant force Chile, Peru and Colombia have finished
Pfizer 20.48 +0.14 +18.7 14.14 20.38 L’Oreal (FR) 82.20 –0.84 +4.7 71.37 89.50 Rio Tinto (AU) 84.75 +0.47 +6.9 61.70 88.68 ergy companies in Algerian oil and gas in the low-cost notebook segment, said testing the integration of their stock ex-
Philip Morris 65.55 –0.15 +24.9 43.17 64.35 Lloyds Bank. (GB) 58.70 +0.15 –4.3 50.52 78.40 Samsung El. (KR)932,000 +6000 +14.5 740,000 1,010,000
Qualcomm 54.61 +0.10 +29.6 31.96 59.58 LVMH (FR) 111.7 +0.1 +28.6 79.5 128.0 Sinopec Corp (HK) 8.78 +0.05 –11.9 7.33 10.15 tracts is due to the country’s tax rules, it would now focus on the tablet sector changes and will begin live trading in the
Schlumberger 94.07 +0.42 +49.2 51.75 95.04 Nestle (CH) 52.65 –0.50 –2.5 49.14 56.60 Toyota Motor (JP) 3,350 +20 –11.1 2,812 3,910 a senior energy official said Thursday. as well. (REUTERS) next three months, the chief executive of
United Technol.
UPS
84.76
74.57
+0.53
+0.07
+14.3
+15.6
63.22
56.76
85.21
76.47
Novartis (CH) 49.82
R. Bk of Scot. (GB)41.20
–0.28
+0.10
–12.6
–6.5
48.10
37.67
58.60
57.41
Westpac Ban. (AU) 24.33 +0.06 –13.5 20.79 28.25
In a licensing round this month, Alge- the Santiago bourse said Thursday.
Verizon 38.60 +0.14 +23.6 26.49 37.67 R. Dutch Shell (GB)2,264 +16 +17.4 1,636 2,268 ria awarded only 2 out of 10 oil and gas The chief executive, José Antonio
Wal-Mart 52.19 –0.17 –6.7 48.00 57.57 Roche (CH) 131.2 –0.6 –23.2 125.3 177.5
Data are at 1800 U.T.C. Prices are in local currencies. permits offered, raising questions about Martínez, also said at the Reuters Latin
Walt Disney 43.17 –0.18 +23.0 31.38 44.07 Rosneft (RU) 260.0 –4.4 +10.5 183.6 274.2
Wells Fargo 31.69 –0.22 +2.8 23.25 34.10 Sanofi-Aventis (FR) 49.48 –0.25 –10.7 44.57 56.33 Source: Reuters Custom Flow solutions
whether it has enough new projects in American Investment Summit in Santi-
the works to maintain output. The bid ago that his exchange’s integration
round was the third in a row to generate with the São Paulo bourse in the first
little interest among investors. half of next year would open Chile to
‘‘We know that they are unhappy global derivatives trading. (REUTERS)
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m J]NpO %§J]Me" ¨Mm , ææÝïÛã d º »³ %¨" ¯ehf ej]m , , æèÛïãæ d ±JM@Ge]]jO ¤[j , æçÝïá m fj ºpOOZJNj] ³J[m ¨Mm , çÚßïæçµ
d ºp]]p[mjO ³ñZJMf µpNMjO[ µJOZQj ºç Ý Úãïáç d »Z[m %Ý" º]pNN ½ Ý çåÛïÚã
d º »³ %¨" ³O ½ º¯³ æÝÚïå m ±JM@Ge]]jO GZ %º¯³" º¯³ çèÛïá m fj jhpNJN ³J[m £ åÝïçÚµ
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d º »³ %¨" ³O » º¯³ ãÚÛïåÚ m ±JM@Ge]]jO GZ %µ" Ý ççãïá
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d º »³ %¨" fZOMñjO\ ³O ½ º¯³ Úåïãß m ±JM@Ge]]jO GZ %·" , çãåïæ
d ½Nep pneien jOiZO\p[nj » , åÛïçá d ½ µPJeMejN º]pNN ½ , ççáïèå £ ñ MjO]e[hNÒ , ñ ·Z]]pONÒ ½· ñ ½JNMOp]ep[
æèá º¯®¨¤¦ d º »³ %¨" fZOMñjO\ ³O » º¯³ çåçïçã
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d ½Nep pneien jOiZO\p[nj · , åÝ d º »³ %¨JF" ¤ %µJOZ" » Ý ççÚïáÚ d ¯»º j] §Z[jE §pO^jM , çáÚïãå d ½§ §J]Me\p[phjO á º]pNN ½ Ý çæáïåÚ GGGïMOjjMZQp\ïnZ\ ³Op[nNÒ º ñ ºEQOJN ZJ[mNÒ ·ªª ñ ·p[eNf
j] Ô %áÚÚñÚ" åæ ææ ææ
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d º »³ %¨JF" ¤ %," » , çæÝïáß w fj ¯jO\eMphj ³J[m , Úßåïçæ
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èåß º®®»½¦ª %¨µ§»¤±" ï½ï
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iOZ\ p PJp]eiejm e[mjQj[mj[M pmIeNZO ojiZOj e[IjNMe[hï Gjj^]EÒ %\" ñ \Z[Mf]EÒ %e" ñ MGenj \Z[Mf]Eï
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18 | FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2011 INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
business WITH
EVEN CATALONIA FALTERS
IN SPANISH FISCAL CRISIS
PAGE 14 | BUSINESS FRONT
STOCK INDEXES
REUTERS BREAKINGVIEWS
Regulators
Q.R.M.’s, as they are called, had to be investors should have monitored the
very conservative, with 20 percent quality of the loans — just as Fannie +10%
down payments and strict limits on and Freddie should have — but they
are missing
leverage. That is good. If mortgage did not. Lower rungs of those securities
loans do not meet the highest stan-
dards, somebody involved in making
would take losses if there were a lot of
defaults, but senior portions were
0 Propping up a caja is not the answer in Spain
the point
the loan should be on the hook if a lot of deemed completely safe by bond rating The break-up of Banco Base has put the with the small but healthy Cajastur run-
the loans blow up. agencies that assumed losses would –10 Bank of Spain on the spot. The collapse ning the show, while the Caja Mediter-
Much of the criticism of the proposed never rise to those levels. of the merger involving four savings ráneo chairman stayed on as nonexec-
new rules seems to assume that there This worked for so long that it be- banks has highlighted the limits of utive chairman. When it became clear
will be no mortgage loans made at all if came possible to package together a –20 Spain’s strategy of combining healthy that the state was likely to become a
lenders have to keep some of the risk. bunch of those clearly risky portions of and weak lenders. The central bank has shareholder in the bank, others decided
‘‘By mandating a 20 percent down mortgage-backed securities and sell 2010 2011
little choice but to nationalize the weak- they wanted out.
payment on qualified residential mort- new securities backed by them. These est savings bank, Caja Mediterráneo. The Banco Base fiasco should not af-
gages, the administration and U.S. reg- were called collateralized debt obliga- UNITED STATES S&P 500 52-week Alarm bells went off this week when fect Spain’s 16 other Caja mergers, all of
1,328.65 +0.39 +13.2%
ulators are excluding those without tions, and the top tier of those also Banco Base said it was seeking ¤2.8 bil- which have been completed. But it
huge cash reserves — which consti- were deemed super-safe. EUROPE DJ Stoxx 50 lion, or $3.2 billion, of state capital, dou- leaves the Bank of Spain holding a hot
Floyd tutes most first-time home buyers and
many middle-class households — from
You know what happened.
The easy money led to excessive
2,922.00
JAPAN Nikkei 225
–14.44 –0.6 ble the amount the Bank of Spain had
said the lender would need to raise its
potato in the form of Caja Mediter-
ráneo. While the lender is not systemic,
Norris a chance to buy a home,’’ said Robert F. lending and soaring home prices. That 9,755.10 +46.31 –12.1 core Tier 1 capital ratio to 10 percent. its ¤70 billion of assets make it bigger
Nielsen, a home builder from Nevada led to overbuilding. Mortgages were People close to Cajastur, one of the than the two minnows that failed.
and president of the National Associ- written on terms that lenders knew other banks involved in the merger, say Nationalization looks inevitable,
CURRENCIES
H I GH & LO W F INA N CE ation of Home Builders. home buyers could not really afford. there was a bigger-than-expected hole though it’s not yet clear how big the
Regrettably, some consumer advo- The borrower would, for a while, pay in Caja Mediterráneo’s accounts. The state’s stake would be. Depending on
cates have joined in that chorus. less than the interest owed, and then additional funds were necessary to en- Caja Mediterráneo’s valuation, and the
NEW YORK If you want to get the U.S. What should happen, said Sheila C. the payments would soar. It was as- sure the merged lender would pass condition of its balance sheet, the state
+10%
government out of financing normal Bair, the chairwoman of the Federal sumed that a homeowner facing those Europe’s bank stress tests. will probably end up with a controlling
home mortgages, you have to find a Deposit Insurance Corp. and one of the high payments would either sell the Yet the criteria for the stress tests are share. If that is the case, the Bank of
way to bring in private capital — and regulators involved in the proposal, is home or refinance the mortgage, creat- not yet clear. And Caja Mediterráneo Spain should clear out the management
on terms that do not make govern- that ‘‘Q.R.M. loans will be a small part ing more fees and more mortgages to 0 says its partners have known the state and restructure the lender before re-
ment-guaranteed mortgages a clearly of the market,’’ and other loans will be securitize. of its balance sheet for months. Pre- turning it to the private sector. Simply
superior product. made by lenders who do have ‘‘skin in Then in all collapsed. It turned out sumably, the Bank of Spain was aware propping up a troubled caja would dent
That fact was central to the propos- the game,’’ or a per- that people who cannot afford pay- of it, too. the central bank’s credibility — and un-
als of the administration of President sonal stake. The pro- ments do not make them. House prices –10 Politics no doubt played a part. The dermine its broader efforts to clean up
Giving the
Barack Obama to fix the housing fi- posal asks for discus- began to fall, and refinancing or selling merger looked awkward from the start, the financial system. FIONA MAHARG-BRAVO
government-
nance market a couple of months ago, sion of ways that can at a profit became impossible. In- 2010 2011
but it seems to have been forgotten by run mortgage be accomplished vestors wanted no part of private-label EURO 52-week
arms another
the collection of regulators that this
week proposed rules on when banks competitive
without banks tying
up excessive
mortgages, and banks wanted to lend
to only the safest borrowers. Fannie
€1= $1.42 +0.007 +5.1% Medvedev takes business into his own hands
YEN
will not have to retain risks for loans edge is exactly amounts of capital. and Freddie would have gone bankrupt ¥100= $1.21 +0.001 +12.8 Democratic countries tend to let voters vest and Aeroflot.
they make. what they ‘‘Economic incen- but for the government stepping in to
POUND
decide who governs. Russia prefers to The president’s initiative is a busi-
Inadvertently perhaps, they gave don’t need. tives,’’ she said, ‘‘are rescue them. Now the government is resolve the question ahead of time, be- ness-friendly gesture that will help re-
£1= $1.61 –0.001 +5.8
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the gov- the best check on the hook for something like 95 per- fore elections actually happen. At the duce the constant politicization of Rus-
ernment-run mortgage arms, another against lax under- cent of all new mortgages issued. moment, President Dmitri A. Medve- sian business. True, the short-term
competitive advantage. That is exactly writing standards.’’ The banking system is unlikely to COMMODITIES dev is determined to show that he, and effect on the companies targeted by Mr.
the opposite of what needs to be done. Consider how absurd this debate want to keep enough loans to allow the not his prime minister, Vladimir V. Medvedev may be negative: they won’t
The proposals are generally good. would have seemed a few decades ago. government market share to shrink as Putin, is the real ruler of Russia. He is have ministers on board to care for
They require lenders to maintain some Then you got a mortgage loan from a much as is needed. To accomplish that, sending forceful signals that he has their interests. But on the other hand,
risk when they securitize all but the bank, which stood to profit if you made +75% every intention of staying in office after this should help reduce competition dis-
it will be necessary to reestablish a
safest mortgages. That is what the your payments and risked loss if you private securitization market. the 2012 presidential election. His order tortions in the wider economy.
Dodd-Frank law required, and for good did not. Imagine arguing that no bank What will it take to get a private se- +50 this week to remove government minis- The big question is whether Mr. Med-
reason. One of the big problems lead- would lend if it had to take a risk. What curitization market going? ters from the boards of state-owned vedev can get away with this latest
ing up to the crisis was that many business, people would have asked, did First you need investors who are +25 companies is a direct attack on close as- power play. The officials in question are
lenders believed they could profit by banks think they were in? willing to believe that this time is dif- sociates of his former mentor — and in- already hinting at resistance. Much will
making loans while leaving it to others Over the decades banks got out of ferent. Second, you need to make Fan- 0 directly on Mr. Putin. depend on Mr. Putin’s reaction. So far,
to suffer if the loans went bad. the habit of actually owning loans. nie and Freddie less competitive, with- Mr. Medvedev’s move comes days the prime minister has been remark-
But where is that risk to be main- They sold them to Fannie Mae and out destroying the market. after he had publicly disavowed the ably quiescent in reaction to Mr. Med-
tained? The law says lenders or secur- Freddie Mac, which then issued securi- To get a private securitization mar- prime minister over Libya, and firmly vedev’s assertive moves, suggesting
2010 2011
itizers, and leaves it up to an unwieldy ties to private investors. Those in- ket going, the need is to both make that put his stamp on Russian foreign policy. that he’s resigned to his emancipated
group of regulators to fill in the details. vestors were protected against loss, market more attractive to investors OIL Nymex light sw. crude 52-week The latest initiative is even more signif- protégé’s new role.
The regulators are also supposed to de- and therefore would accept relatively and make Fannie and Freddie less — $106.24 a barrel +1.97 +27.5% icant. It could durably alter the rela- But if he isn’t, there’s a chance that
cree just how safe a mortgage has to be low returns. The system helped make not more — attractive to banks trying GOLD New York tionship between business and govern- Mr. Medvedev will one day discover
to be deemed a ‘‘qualified residential mortgage loans less expensive than to dispose of loans. This proposal un- $1,439.70 a tr. oz.+20.30 +29.2 ment. that he has bitten off more than he can
mortgage’’ that does not need to have they otherwise would have been. fortunately does one but not the other. CORN Chicago Senior government officials routinely chew. JASON BUSH
the lender maintain some of the risk. A private-label mortgage security $6.60 a bushel –0.14 +90.9 sit on the boards of, and sometimes
It was those issues that the regula- market also developed. There, banks ONLINE: HIGH & LOW FINANCE chair, major state companies, among
Data as of 1545 U.T.C.
tors addressed this week. They decided put together pools of mortgages and Read Floyd Norris’s blog on financial Source: Reuters them the oil company Rosneft, VTB For more independent commentary and
that qualified residential mortgages, or sold interests in them to investors. The topics online. norris.blogs.nytimes.com Graphs: Custom Flow Solutions Bank, Gazprom, the telecom Svyazin- analysis, visit www.breakingviews.com
Worried about cellphone radiation? Switch to speaker mode and stay put
next best option is a wireless Bluetooth gram. A kilogram is about 2.2 pounds. gineering at Rice University in Houston.
Health officials offer tips headset or earpiece, which emits radi- The SAR number is not displayed Moreover, your cellphone emits less
for reducing exposure ation at far lower levels. If a headset is
not feasible, holding your phone just
when you compare cellphones at your
local wireless store, and trying to find it
when you are stationary because when
you are moving rapidly — say, in a car or
amid conflicting studies slightly away from your ear can make a in the fine print of your user manual is train — it must repeatedly issue little
big difference; the intensity of radiation an exercise in frustration. The F.C.C. bursts of radiation to make digital hand-
BY KATE MURPHY diminishes sharply with distance. maintains that SAR values ‘‘do not shakes with different towers as it moves
‘‘Every millimeter counts,’’ said provide sufficient information’’ to reli- in and out of range.
In a culture where people cradle their Louis Slesin, editor of Microwave News, ably compare cellphone radiation emis- Any situation where your cellphone
cellphones next to their heads with the an online newsletter covering health sions because certain phones might has a weak signal indicates it has to
same constancy and affection that tod- and safety issues related to exposure to rarely operate at maximum power. work harder and thus will emit more ra-
dlers hold their security blankets, it was electromagnetic radiation. Still, the Environmental Working diation.
unsettling in February when a study So crushing your cellphone into your Group, a nonprofit organization, has a Of course, parents using their
published in The Journal of the Ameri- ear to hear better in a crowded bar is comprehensive list of the SAR values iPhones to pacify cranky kids might
can Medical Association indicated that probably a bad idea. Go outside if you for most cellphones available from ma- want to reconsider rattles. Children’s
doing so could alter brain activity. have to take or make a call. And you jor carriers on its Web site. developing brains and tissues are
The report said it was unclear wheth- might not want to put your cellphone in But more important than looking for a thought to be most vulnerable to cell-
er the changes in the brain — an in- your breast or pants pocket either, be- low-SAR phone is how you use it. Many phone radiation. The health authorities
crease in glucose metabolism after us- cause that also puts it right up against cellphones emit the most radiation in Britain, France, Germany and Russia
ing the phone for less than an hour — your body. Carry it in a purse or when they initially establish contact have all issued warnings against allow-
had any negative health or behavioral briefcase or get a nonmetallic belt clip with the cell tower, making their ‘‘digit- ing small children to use cellphones for
effects. But it has many people wonder- that orients it away from your body. al handshake.’’ To reduce exposure, it is extended periods, if at all.
ing what they can do to protect them- Some studies have suggested a link ERIC THAYER/REUTERS best to wait until after your call has been There are cellphone attachments that
selves short of (gasp) using a landline. between cellphone use and cancer, lower A model texting before a fashion show in New York. A recent study found that using a cell- connected before putting your cell- purport to shield users from radiation,
‘‘Cellphones are fantastic and have bone density and infertility in men. But phone can alter brain activity, something that may make texting a safer option than calling. phone next to your ear. but most are ‘‘hoaxes,’’ said Om P.
done much to increase productivity,’’ other studies show no effect at all. Given During the ensuing conversation, it is Gandhi, a professor of electrical engi-
said Dr. Nora D. Volkow, the lead inves- the mixed messages and continuing re- advisable to tilt the phone away from neering at the University of Utah.
tigator of the study and director of the search, Robert Kenny, a spokesman for when she began planning her experi- SAR, or specific absorption rate. That your ear when you are talking and only Using text messages, instead of talk-
National Institute of Drug Abuse at the the U.S. Federal Communications Com- ments two and half years ago. But number indicates how much radiation is bring it in close to your ear when you are ing, might be safer. ‘‘The whole trend to-
National Institutes of Health. ‘‘I’d never mission, wrote in an e-mail, ‘‘As always, today’s ubiquitous smartphones emit absorbed by the body when using the listening. That bit of teeter-totter works ward texting instead of talking on cell-
tell people to stop using them entirely.’’ we will continue to study this issue and even more radiation as they transmit handset at maximum power. A cellphone because the emission of radiation is phones is probably a good thing,’’ said
Yet, in light of her findings, she advises coordinate with our federal partners.’’ more, and more complex, data. cannot be sold in the United States unless ‘‘significantly less when a cellphone is Mr. Slesin at Microwave News.
users to keep cellphones at a distance by The phone used in Dr. Volkow’s study You can get an idea of the relative an F.C.C.-approved laboratory says its receiving signals than when it is trans- That is, if you don’t rest your cell-
putting them on speaker mode or using a was a Samsung Knack, model SCH- amounts of radiation various cellphone SAR is less than 1.6 watts per kilogram. In mitting,’’ said Lin Zhong, an assistant phone against your body while typing
wired headset whenever possible. The U310, a flip phone that was in wide use models emit by looking at each model’s Europe, the maximum is 2 watts per kilo- professor of electrical and computer en- out your message.
Traveler’s forecast
High/low temperatures, in degrees Celsius and
T-STORMS
SHOWERS
STATIONARY
COMPLEX
INTERNATIONAL TRAVELER
0-5
degrees Fahrenheit, and expected conditions. FLURRIES WARM
5-10 COLD
C ..................... Clouds Sh ................. Showers SNOW
–5-0
F .......................... Fog S .......................... Sun RAIN
MOSTLY the country would cost as much as 14 tril-
H ........................ Haze Sn ...................... Snow CLOUDY TOKYO LOS ANGELES lion won, or $13 billion, and may not at-
I.............................. Ice SS....... Snow showers ICE
PC.......... Partly cloudy T ........ Thunderstorms
10-15 5-10
5-1
0-5 AIRLINES ADDING CATERING STOPS ARCHIVISTS AT NIXON LIBRARY tract as many passengers as initially ex-
R ......................... Rain W ...................... Windy HIGH pected, the Ministry of Land, Transport
10-15
RUSSIA Meteorology by IN SEOUL BECAUSE OF JAPAN DISASTER REVAMP WATERGATE EXHIBIT
Friday Saturday LOW BRITAIN AccuWeather. and Maritime Affairs said Thursday.
Weather shown
˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F 15-20 5-1
5-10
as expected
At least three major airlines have added History is being restored at the Richard President Lee Myung-bak, who
Abu Dhabi 30/24 86/75 S 31/25 88/77 S
UKRAINE at noon on a stop in Seoul for flights in and out of Ja- Nixon Library, where the Watergate pledged during his election campaign
Almaty 10/4 50/39 Sh 11/5 52/41 Sh
Athens 17/12 63/54 R 15/11 59/52 Sh
Friday. pan because of staffing and supply con- exhibit once told visitors that the scan- to build the airport, said dropping the
Bangkok 32/26 90/79 C 32/25 90/77 PC FRANCE cerns. Japan has experienced fuel, food dal that led to the president’s resigna- project was an ‘‘unavoidable choice for
Barcelona 20/12 68/54 PC 19/11 66/52 S
ROMANIA
and power shortages since the March 11 tion was really a ‘‘coup’’ by his rivals. the national interest.’’ (BLOOMBERG)
Beijing 9/3 48/37 R 16/4 61/39 S
Belgrade 18/9 64/48 PC 18/7 64/45 PC
15-20 earthquake and ensuing tsunami. It is For years the library exhibit that re-
PORTUGAL 20-25
Berlin 17/9 63/48 C 20/11 68/52 S ITALY also grappling with serious problems at traces the Nixon story was a target of L AS VEGAS
10-15
Boston 7/1 45/34 R 8/1 46/34 W SPAIN ALB. its Fukushima nuclear plant. ridicule, panned for omissions and edit-
Brussels 18/11 64/52 Sh 23/12 73/54 S 2 NEW TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
25-30 The airlines — British Airways, Air ing that academics and critics said
Buenos Aires 27/16 81/61 S 26/14 79/57 S HIGHLIGHT CITY’S MOB HISTORY
Cairo 32/19 90/66 S 27/17 81/63 S France-KLM and Lufthansa — have shaped a legacy favorable to the tainted
SYRIA
Chicago 8/-1 46/30 Sn 10/1 50/34 PC
15-20
moved crews to Seoul and are using ca- president. Speakeasies, bootleggers, gun-wielding
Frankfurt 19/12 66/54 Sh 24/15 75/59 S tering services out of Incheon airport, On Thursday, archivists were to crime bosses and tough-guy accents
Geneva 18/11 64/52 H 22/8 72/46 S MOROCCO
Hong Kong 24/19 75/66 S 27/21 81/70 S
TUNISIA ISRAEL adding a stop in the country for flights present a revamped and expanded ver- pay homage to Las Vegas’ mob roots in
20-25 JORDAN
Istanbul 13/11 55/52 C 12/9 54/48 R through Japan, a Seoul Regional Avi- sion of the exhibit at the library in Yorba, a pair of new attractions showcasing
20-25
Jakarta 29/24 84/75 R 29/24 84/75 R ALGERIA SAUDI
ARABIA
ation Administration official said. The California, a $500,000 makeover that the city’s criminal history.
Johannesburg 26/12 79/54 PC 22/12 72/54 T
Karachi 36/24 97/75 S 36/23 97/73 S EGYPT
stopover in Seoul adds at least two they said was faithful to fact, balanced An interactive attraction featuring
30-35
Kiev 12/7 54/45 PC 13/3 55/37 C LIBYA 25-30 hours to long-haul flights. and devoid of political judgment. (AP) gangster memorabilia and commen-
Lagos 32/25 90/77 PC 31/24 88/75 T 25-30 Air France’s sister airline, KLM, has tary from film actors who played mob-
Lisbon 24/13 75/55 PC 20/11 68/52 PC added an intermediate stop on flights SEOUL sters opens Wednesday on the Las Ve-
London 18/10 64/50 PC 18/9 64/48 Sh
Los Angeles 28/14 82/57 S 22/12 72/54 PC Nice 18/14 64/57 PC 23/13 73/55 S Stockholm 7/2 45/36 Sh 9/4 48/39 PC out of Tokyo at Kansai airport, near gas Strip. Oscar Goodman, the Las
SOUTH KOREA CANCELS PLANS
Madrid 24/8 75/46 S 25/10 77/50 PC Osaka 19/8 66/46 S 9/4 48/39 C Sydney 26/15 79/59 PC 24/13 75/55 PC Osaka in Japan, until April 8, a spokes- Vegas mayor and a former defense law-
Manila 33/24 91/75 S 31/24 88/75 S Paris 19/9 66/48 C 23/12 73/54 S Taipei 25/18 77/64 PC 24/18 75/64 PC woman said. The carriers share a par- TO BUILD A NEW AIRPORT IN BUSAN yer, also plans to open his Las Vegas
Mexico City 28/11 82/52 PC 28/11 82/52 S Riyadh 28/19 82/66 S 32/19 90/66 S Tel Aviv 29/21 84/70 S 24/16 75/61 S
Miami 30/18 86/64 PC 30/19 86/66 S Rome 19/11 66/52 S 23/12 73/54 PC Tokyo 15/12 59/54 S 14/5 57/41 C
ent company but operate independ- South Korea scrapped plans to build a Museum of Organized Crime and Law
Moscow 1/-1 34/30 PC 7/1 45/34 C San Francisco 20/12 68/54 PC 17/7 63/45 C Toronto 7/0 45/32 PC 6/1 43/34 PC ently. Other carriers serving Asia- new international airport for Busan Enforcement this year.
Mumbai 34/22 93/72 S 33/23 91/73 S Sao Paulo 25/17 77/63 Sh 26/17 79/63 T Tunis 21/8 70/46 S 22/11 72/52 PC Pacific, including Qantas, have added after concluding that the project would ‘‘What differentiates us from any oth-
Nairobi 30/15 86/59 PC 31/15 88/59 PC Seoul 13/3 55/37 S 16/1 61/34 C Vienna 18/11 64/52 C 20/13 68/55 S
New Delhi 35/19 95/66 S 35/18 95/64 PC Shanghai 20/13 68/55 S 14/7 57/45 PC Warsaw 14/6 57/43 Sh 14/3 57/37 S
stopovers in Hong Kong, according to be too costly. er city is our history,’’ Mr. Goodman
New York 7/2 45/36 R 11/2 52/36 PC Singapore 31/25 88/77 R 31/25 88/77 Sh Washington 12/3 54/37 Sh 14/4 57/39 PC industry data. (REUTERS) Building the airfield in the southeast of said. ‘‘This is the story of America.’’ (AP)