CHEM 15L PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS 2 LAB

Activity No. 1
Pressure-Composition and Temperature-Composition Diagrams

Learning Outcome:
 Apply Raoult’s Law in describing ideal mixtures and prepare a pressure-composition
diagram.
 Plot temperature-composition diagram and apply it in determining the number of theoretical
steps of a fractionating distillation.

Material and Methods

The following resources are needed for this activity:
Laptop/ computers
Calculator

Directions:
The parameter values for the Antoine equation for some liquids are given below.
B
ln P sat  kPa   A 
T  C   C
A B C
Benzene 13.8594 2773.78 220.07
Toluene 14.0098 3103.01 219.79

1. What are the vapor pressures of pure benzene (𝑃 ) and pure toluene (𝑃 )? Show calculations.

2. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor phase, y1, and the total pressure, P for
different values of x1. Values of x1 are given below. Show all solutions for all points.

3. Present your calculated values by filling up the table below.

Mol fraction of Mol fraction of Total pressure, P

benzene in the liquid benzene in the vapor (kPa)
phase x1 phase, y1
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00

4. Plot the pressure-composition (P-x-y) diagram.

 5. Suppose the system is at 60 kPa with overall composition 60-mol% benzene. Is the system in
vapor-liquid equilibrium? If it is, what is the composition of the liquid phase (i.e. what are x 1 &
x2); what is the composition of the vapor phase (i.e what are y1 & y2?)

6. Determine the relative amounts of the two phases using the level rule. Show calculations..

7. The following data has been obtained for the liquid-vapor equilibrium compositions of mixtures
of benzene(1) and toluene(2) at 90 kPa. . Plot the data on a temperature-composition (T-x-y)
diagram.

x1 y1 T (°C)
0.00 0.00 106.5
0.05 0.12 104
0.15 0.30 100
0.25 0.46 96
0.37 0.60 92
0.44 0.66 90
0.50 0.72 88
0.65 0.83 84
0.82 0.92 80
1.00 1.00 76.3

8. Refer to the generated temperature-composition diagram from the problem above. A liquid
mixture with composition x1 = 0.15 is to distilled in a fractionation column, Determine the
number of theoretical plates required to get a product of at least 95mol% benzene. What is the
composition of the condensate product?

NOTE: Submit your paper using the given lab report format.
 BICOL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Chemical Enginering
Course Code: Course Name
SY 2020-2021, _____ semester

(2 line spaces)
Experiment Title, Times New Roman, Font Size 16
Group members’ names (First Name Middle Initial. Last Name)
separated by comma, TNR 14
( 2 line spaces)

I. Introduction
(Single space after every section title)
Text, TNR 12, paragraphs indented, justified alignment, single column, single spacing;
space after every paragraph
(Single space after every section)
II. Learning Outcomes
(Single space after every section title)
Text, TNR 12, paragraphs indented, justified alignment, single column, single spacing
space after every paragraph
(Single space after every section)
III. Materials and Methods
(Single space after every section title)
Text, TNR 12, paragraphs indented, justified alignment, single column, single spacing
space after every paragraph
(Single space after every section)
IV. Results and Discussion
(Single space after every section title)
Text, TNR 12, paragraphs indented, justified alignment, single column, single spacing
space after every paragraph
Figures, tables and photos included should be center-aligned, with labels at the bottom,
text for label is TNR 10.
(Single space after every section)
V. Conclusion
(Single space after every section title)
Text, TNR 12, paragraphs indented, justified alignment, single column, single spacing
space after every paragraph
VI. References
(Single space after every section title)
Follow APA format in citing references.