GENETICS

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie Sagayno

 Heredity is the
passing of traits
from parents to
offsprings.
What is the branch of biology that study
heredity and variation in organisms?
GENETICS
 Biotechnology and DNA Tools
Biotechnology
-the use of genetic engineering to find solutions to
problems.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 Genetic Engineering
• Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one
organism in order to insert the DNA of another
organism.

• Genetically engineered organisms are used

-to study the expression of a particular gene.
- to investigate cellular processes.
-to study the development of a certain disease.
-to select traits that might be beneficial to
humans.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools
§ An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of
each cell.
§ DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate
genes from the rest of the genome.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools
§ An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of
each cell.
§ DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate
genes from the rest of the genome.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Technology

(http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf)
 DNA Tools: Gene Cloning

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools: Restriction Enzyme

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools: PCR

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Tools: DNA Sequencing

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Fingerprinting
• Hair, skin and blood can all be used to
make a DNA fingerprint
– No 2 people have the exact same DNA
– A DNA finger print consists of a series of
bands, something like a bar code.
– DNA finger prints can be used to show
whether people are related, identify people
and solve crimes.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Fingerprinting

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 DNA Fingerprinting

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 GMO AND TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living
organisms whose genetic material has been
artificially manipulated in a laboratory through
genetic engineering.
• Transgenic organisms are made by introducing genes
from one species into the genome of another
organism.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
• Transgenic animals are pharmaceutical “factories,”
producers of large amounts of otherwise rare
substances for medical use.
• “Pharm” plants are also being developed to make
human proteins for medical use.

Prepared by Ms. Lynrie

 Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering
Pros
Crops
-Better taste quality
-Less time to ripen
-More nutrients, more food, and
stress tolerant crops
-Improved resistance to
disease,pests, and herbicides
-New products and growing
techniques
Cons
Safety
- Potential human health impacts
- Potential environmental health
impacts
Access and intellectual Property
-Monopoly of food production
-Dependence on industrialized
countries

Animals Ethics
-Increased resistance, productivity - Violation of natural organisms'
-Better yields of eggs, meat and milk intrinsic values
-Improved animal health and -Tampering of genes
diagnostic methods -Stress for animal

Society Labeling
- More food - Not mandatory in some countries
Prepared by Ms. Lynrie