INTRODUCTION : ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Engineering Mechanics
Ffl TD •
Newton 's Laws

moving @
•
1st - A body will remain @ rest , or a const -

solid Mechanics Fluid mechanics velocity ,

unless it's acted on by an unbalanced F -

Ef = 0

Rigid bodies Deformable bodies

2nd - the force experienced by an object is
proportional
to the product of its mass and acceleration .

Statics Dynamics →
F = ma

HOW to design ? 3rd - when two bodies exer t a force on each other the ,

force that they exer t are equal & opposite ( direct ) .

1 Structure simplification →
→

FBA
.
=
FAB -

Indeterminate structure (Structure Analysis )

↳ Moreover , statically
↳ support rxns by : roller ( ... .
) & pinned ( , , , ,, )

2 .
Loading Application

Truck A -
Beban Ganda Truck B

( 2 axis ) ( 3 axis )

STATICS : TYPE OF STRUCTURES ( TIPESTRUKTUR )

•
Definitions : Science that explain how the force ( load ) influences the structure .

action
→ External Force ( Action & Reaction )
, u

11111
A 11111
rxn
→ Internal force C Moment ,
shear , FN ) "
rxn

•
Basic principles of Statics

( W, F )
1 .
Vector : -
✓ magnitude & direction

has the point of application

t.t.ot.ae;
•
on
7

g)
-

-
Line of action : extended line where force is applied .

✓ magnitude c l m temp -
) a
Scalar
-

2 .
: , , e ) Pull

> P
Principle Trans missibility conditions of 1 conditions motion of
•
of : The equilibrium of
a
a rigid body will remain uncharged if a force Push c ,

acting @ a
given point of the rigid body is replaced p s

by a F of the same mag &

direction , but acting @
the
diff .

point , provided the ZFS have the same line of action .

P'
Rigid Bodies it
•
Type of Movement on
→ →

O yrl , l l

/ l l
'
, Pz →
, → rxn l l
' 2 Rotation BB! 3 Translation & rotation
1 . Translation . .
Lt
Pz > P,

•
An object needs force CS ) in order for it to moves ,

a
↳ undergoes 1st & 3rd Newton 's Law if there's other force acts on it .
F
-
↳ stability l = size of F

Il characteristics of a Force :

T
F,
• .
y,
Forces that act the same '
method :
The force will be the on o y parallelogram
-

-
same on - -

forces tht
its line of action line of action are ,
J It
'
•
pi
.

collinear CID ) = t E3 •
↳ @ any point are .
, ,

y t X L
F2
↳ from the
object move in
-
J-
.
The will
7 J
.

Fz
.

F,
•
'
•
'
direction of its resultant force .

Fz * F, f Fz are coplanar .
Con same
plane )
- line of action
it I congruent
Fi 7 R = Fit Fs -

Fz - M1 * Fi ,Fz&Fz are concurrent .

F'
Fi Fz
Graphic method
•
@
-

meet
M2 ( line of ation
•
point )
-
- a
COPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES
1 .
Coplanar concurrent Forces 3 .
Coplanar parallel forces
Yao 's's
"

't!
"
All forces parallel to each other & lie
single plane
q€
→ are in a .

,
, B•÷ B
NA Nc
o
AT * T
t
'

A t A
2 . Coplanar non -
concurrent forces WB WAC

→ forces on the same plane ,

but they don't meet @ one point .

TT s ti
t
t s
/
"
KT
I 11111111111

4 .
Non -

coplanar concurrent 5 . Non -

coplanar non
-
concurrent forces
# same plane but line of actions meet @ a point * @ a point
plane t meet
-

, same

111111/1/111111/11
bus
* forces acting on a
moving
7 n t
Y L

←
•
←
1
.

→
Coplanar concurrent Methods

coplanar parallel
7 Non
① Analytic ② Graphic
-
.

parallel to each other p,

-

=/ Efx
=/ Same plane , forces are
'
' t -2K,
• > R
table µ
* Forces acting on a

( ¥)
EFT
when books are placed .
tan O =
a ,

Prv -1
R
② Graphic
example :

Efx = Fix -
Fzx -

F3x
MOMENT → moment = Force x. I distance

= F, SO
,
-

Fzcos Oz -
Fsc 0503
moment = Fix ,

Efy =
Fly t
Fzy
-

Fsy x ,
d
L S C >

=
F. since, tfzsin Oz -

Fz sing a a

f Fi r
(O
tu
R = I ( EF > 72 t ( Efx ) ' L
j

M = Fix ,
Fz M =
Fzdsin A
•

Type of structures :
-

t I

unionizing
\ ⑥ ⑥ 8 • • ⑥
• • • • • @ O @

fixed support ) cjepit ) E

D @
-
cantilever (
Balanced or Unbalanced

principle of moments For any object that's equilibrium

-
→ : in ,
-

Beam ,, , , ,

t.hn:71597517#eg:::ntneans'
""

- Frame → a> abeam . columns

clockwise moments about that same point .

→ 3D ( beam > column & plate )

-zF=O Efx
-
- O , Efy = O ,
EM -
- O
,

D E

F o Varig non 's theorem

"" A Mo =
-2 ( Fx .
dx ) t -2 ( Fy -
dy ) = R .
ted
cantilever frame ( 2b )
B c
beam 11111
11111
Mo =
R ( Ld )
plate
simple frame CZD )

(5) ( 451nA) (4×1)=16 .kNm

E F = = (5)
A B
2M 1M
Coplanar Parallel Forces
/
zm 3m
' ' C ' l , a ,
Frame ( 3D ) A B
( Io ) (2) t ( 20115 ) + ( 30 ) ( 7)
• •
60 ( d) =

-
Truss 10N "
Nv 30N D= 5.5M
Efx :O
v v

Fi Fr Fz ,EFy=O , -2M
-
- O
( >
Lad
60N
✓
COPLANAR NON -
CONCURRENT FORCES
STATICS : TYPE OF FORCES

1 . Centralised Force ( kN , t ,
N
, kgt ) v
3 . Non -

uniformly distributed load

'
t
( 3D )
2 .
Uniformly distributed load v u v u

kN Im ( 3D )
( )
↳ zp u v u v u
4 Beban Momen my v

III 't
.

3D ( kN/m2 ) o
( 3D )

TYPE OF SUPPORTS & ITS RXNS

P1
A t B
1 .
Roller → one support rxn
( I) TV .
Degree of Freedom →
11111 HB

G'fB
''

H MVA e
311
TV , Simple beam
→
2 ,
pinned → two support rxn
,
→

!
"" °

GM Oo I 8
( EET
three tu A p.co B
3 .
Fixed → sup . rxn , , , zf=o
← HB
11111
11111
EM O
tf#
VA
=

FIVB
l
>

# >

STATICALLY DETERMINATE & INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

A B

M€9
•
Statically determinate structure
→ " J
11111 HB -

Ypg't
'

→ 3 unknown degree of freedom F. VA e

.
I

→ solutions w/ these eg : EFx=0sEFy=O ,

EM - O

•
Statically Indeterminate structure

→ > 3 unknown Dof

→ solution :
Analytical Structure

STABLE & UNSTABLE

-

indeterminate 4 unknowns
•
Characteristics : seas
11111
→
Tv o g-
undo able
← H
- <3 unkown Dof . :
p
p
11111

Tv

SUPPORT REACTIONS

Simple beam EFx=0 → HB -

- O Ff Remember to always
Pe . turn clockwise Ct )
VA TVB P1 O
.

A t B EF -1=0 → - =

" ill ← HB EMA =

O → Pz Ca ) t l C -
VB ) =
O
FIVB
'''
e
y a
>

Pta
Pesa I)
#
↳
I s '

VB
e
→
Va =
P1 - = PI (I -

!
"" °

A p.co B
Efx = O → HB =
Pz cos O

11111 ← HB
'''"'
TVB EFY = O → VA TVB =
pzsin O
It
THA
e
>

Pzsin Oca) th C
a - # '

EMA = O → -
VB ) = O

VB = Masino → Up =
paging -
Masino
l l

MI
DM
"
Efx =0 → H'3=0

g
A B

~ Aq Fane
( nil , ← HB EFT = O →
VA TVB = O
my e

FIVB
'''
direction
y a e
O Mi C VB ) Cl ) O assumption
2- MA
(
-
-

' - →
,

VB =
EMI →
VA = -

my → Va = MI
e

A
O Ha

#fun
Efx =
→ =P
" q ,

← Pz Efy -
- O → VA = O
MA #
.
EMA =D → Ma = O