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Homologous Recombination: Crossing Over (Eukaryotic)
Homologous Recombination: Crossing Over (Eukaryotic)
Homologous recombination
is the process whereby DNA segments that are similar or identical to each
other break and rejoin to form a new combination.
Functions:
enhance genetic diversity
helps to repair DNA
ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes
HOMOLOGOUS
RECOMBINATION IN BACTERIA
1. Bacteria may have more than one copy of a chromosome per cell,
though the copies are usually identical.
2. DNA replication, the replicated regions may also undergo
homologous recombination.
HOLLIDAY MODEL Figure 1 Neuspora experiment (1934, H.Zickler)
CHI FORM
A SIMPLIFIED VERSION OF THE DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK MODEL
For simplicity, this illustration does not include the formation of heteroduplexes.
The dashed arrow indicates that the pathway to the left may be less favored.
GENE
CONVERSION IS DNA GAP REPAIR
SYNTHESIS
REMEMBER
Homologous recombination involves an exchange of DNA segments that are similar or identical in their DNA sequences.
It can occur between sister chromatids or between homologous chromosomes
The Holliday model describes the molecular steps that occur during homologous recombination between homologous
chromosomes
The initiation of homologous recombination usually occurs with a double-strand break
Several different proteins are involved in homologous recombination
Two different mechanisms, DNA mismatch repair and DNA gap repair synthesis, can result in gene conversion during
homologous recombination