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Ratio,
Proportion &
Percent
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Ratio and Proportion

 A team played a total of 120 games and won 88 games.

Find the ratio of games won to loss.

 A soccer team has won 5 out of 8 games. At the same rate,

how many games will they have to play to win 60 games?
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Ratio Proportion

• 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 = 120 𝑤𝑖𝑛 5 60

 = =
• 𝑤𝑜𝑛 = 88 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 8 𝑥

• 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 120 − 88 = 32 5 60
 =
8 𝑥
• 𝑤𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
60×8
• 88: 32  𝑥=
5
• 11: 4  𝑥 = 96
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Exercises:

 Yellow book

 Page – 51 (10 to 14)

 Page – 53 (17 to 22)

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Percent

 Terms:
 Base – the largest value
 Part – the smallest value
 Rate – the percentage value
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Example 1:

 Victor owes his uncle $1000.

 Recently he gave his uncle $200.

 The payment was 20% of the money he owes.

 Answer:
 Base – $1000
 Part – $200

 Rate – 20%
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Example 2:

 Answer:
 Base – 80
 Part – 72
 Rate – 90%
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Example 5:

 Answer:
 Base – 40

 Part – 60

 Rate – 150%
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 A student acquired 8 out of 10 in a math test.

8
 acquired =
10

10
 maximum =
10

12
 absurd =
10
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 In percentage

8
 acquired = × 100 = 80%
10

10
 maximum = × 100 = 100%
10

12
 absurd = × 100 = 120%
10
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Formulae

 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 %

𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 %

𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
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 East Indian Banking mailed 2400 customers an

application for a new credit card. Only 35% of the
customers returned the application. How many
customers returned the application?

 35% 𝑜𝑓 2400

 0.35 × 2400

 840
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 Nina’s total tax deduction is 25% of her earnings. If

her deductions add up to $445 for a two-week period,
how much were her earnings for the period?

• tax 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 25% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔

• $445 = 25% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
• $445 = 25% × 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
$445
• 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
25%
• 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = $1780
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 In an election 3428 out of 4285 registered voters voted

against a tax increase. What percent of the registered
voters voted against the increase?

3428
• × 100
4285
• 0.80 × 100
• 80%
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Exercise:

 Yellow book:

 Page – 55 (11 to 13)

 Page – 57 (17 to 21)

 Page – 59 (19 to 22)

 Page – 61 (19 to 22)

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Page – 55 (11)

𝑊𝑖𝑛
 × 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

9 9
 = × 100
9+3 12

9
 × 100
12
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Page – 55 (12)

𝑊𝑖𝑛
 × 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

6 6
 = × 100
9+3 12

6
 × 100 = 50%
12
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Page – 55 (13)

 25% 𝑜𝑓 $128

 25% × $128

25
 × $128 = $32
100
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Page – 57 (17)

72
 × 100
120

 0.72 × 100

 = 60%
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Page – 57 (18)

 6% 𝑜𝑓 $2250

 0.06 × $2250 = 135

 $135 + $2250 = $2385

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Page – 57 (19)

 15% 𝑜𝑓 $46

 0.15 × $46

 = $6.90
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Page – 57 (20)

$45.50
 × 100
$65

 0.7 × 100

 = 70%
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Page – 57 (21)

$3

$50

$3
 × 100
$50
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Page – 59 (19)

 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 30% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔

 $369 = 30% 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔

 $369 = 30% × 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔

$369
 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
30%

 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = $1230
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Page – 59 (20)

 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 6% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡

 $72,000 = 6% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡

 $72,000 = 6% × 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡

 $72,000 = 6% × 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡

$72,000
 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡 =
6%

 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡 = $1,200,000
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Page – 59 (21)

 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒

 $160 = 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒

 $160 = 5% × 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒
$160
 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 =
5%

$160
 5 (reciprocate)
100

100
 $160 ×
5
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Page – 59 (22)

 20% 𝑜𝑓 3600

 0.20 × 3600

 = 720
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Page – 59 (19)

Order - $84
Shipping and handling cost = ? For items costing: % of order +
handling:
$20 or less 3% + $1.50
= % of order + handling
$20.01 to $50 4% + $2.50
= 5% of $84 + $4.00
= $4.20 + 4.00 $50.01 to $100 5% + $4.00
= $8.20 $100.01 to more 8%
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Page – 59 (20)

For items % of order +

Zola - $90  Jason - $110 costing: handling:
5% of $90 + $4.00 $20 or less 3% + $1.50
 8% of $110
$4.50 + $4.00 $20.01 to $50 4% + $2.50
$8.50  $8.80
$50.01 to $100 5% + $4.00
$100.01 to more 8%

Difference in Jason and Zola’s cost = $8.80 - $8.50 = $0.30

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Page – 59 (21)

 3190 out of 3625

3190

3625

3190
 × 100 = 88%
3625
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Page – 59 (22)

 At bats were strikeout

 At bats = total
 Strikeout = a portion/part of the “at bats” category
63
 So the fraction can be written like this = 410

63
 Percentage of “strikeouts” in “at bats” = 410 × 100 = 15%