Semi-circular MIMO Patch Antenna

Using the Neutralization Line Technique

for UWB Applications

Gorre Naga Jyothi Sree and Suman Nelaturi

Abstract In this paper, the semi-circular MIMO patch antenna is designed and
reducing the mutual coupling between the MIMO patches by using neutralization
line and bandwidth enhancement is done by monopole structure, and the proposed
antenna is for UWB applications. The mutual coupling between the patches is reduced
by inserting neutralization line. The dimensions of the semi-circular MIMO patch
antenna are 50 × 25 mm2 . The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) value is 0.002
and the diversity gain is 10dBi. The efficiency of the reported antenna is 98%.
The designed structure has reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients of
≤−10 dB and ≤−20 dB, respectively. The presented antenna has stable patterns of
radiation, gain, diversity gain, and group delay. The proposed antenna is simulated
using computer simulation technology MW studio (CST) software.

Keywords Reflection coefficient · Neutralization line · Transmission coefficient ·

Mutual coupling · Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC)

1 Introduction

Nowadays, the wireless communication technology is transforming to 5G. To attain

those 5G data, speed and quality of the system are improved by MIMO patch anten-
nas. A smooth decoupling design is used to enhance port isolation. As well as,
mutual coupling is reduced to more than −15 dB and less envelope correlation coef-
ficient that is below 0.02. In [1], the Koch fractal-based MIMO UWB system for
the rejection of WLAN band with low mutual coupling is described. With the help
of shared antenna, compact UWB of notch–band characteristics whose ECC < 0.15
is maintained in [2]. A decoupling structure of H-type diversity array in [3] with
high compact area is explained here. In [4], technique applied for the slitted ground

G. Naga Jyothi Sree (B) · S. Nelaturi

Department of ECE, VFSTR (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India
e-mail: nagajyo53@gmail.com
S. Nelaturi
e-mail: nelaturi.suman4@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 175
P. S. R. Chowdary et al. (eds.), Microelectronics, Electromagnetics
and Telecommunications, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 655,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3828-5_19
176 G. Naga Jyothi Sree and S. Nelaturi

Table 1 Comparison with existing techniques

Published Antenna size Frequency Isolation (dB) ECC Efficiency (%)
literature (mm2 ) range (GHz)
[3] 80 × 48 3.1–10.6 ≤−25 <0.15 75
[5] 55 × 120 2.4–5.2 ≤−25 <0.15 73
[6] 90 × 55 2.0–3.0 ≤−20 <0.18 82
[8] 100 × 55 1.85–11.9 ≤−18 <0.20 81
[9] 70 × 37 4.0–9.0 ≤−20 <0.28 84
[10] 91 × 38 2.8–10 ≤−22 <0.05 74
Current design 50 × 25 3.0–10.0 ≤−40 <0.02 98

plane for MIMO implementation system with isolation >18 dB is achieved. For two
coupled-type antennas, a dual-type resonator is approached in [5] with higher ECC
obtained within their structure. A high compact area 2-element antenna array is used
for mobile terminals with the method of decoupling network [6] maintained the iso-
lation >20 dB. In [7], 4-element compact MIMO UWB structure is for rejection of
WLAN whose ECC is also observed as higher value. For the applications of mobile
devices, a compact structured MIMO system ranged from 1.85 to 11.9 GHz in [8] had
a large compact area. In reference [9] EBG structure explained and in [10] challenges
of MIMO construction in the usage of UWB systems whose ECC < 0.05. Table 1
indicated the comparison with existing references. The novelty in the current design
structure is a monopole antenna that is designed to obtain the UWB characteristics
of the system. To improve the reflection coefficient, a small portion of the slots are
cutting on the left and right sides of the circular patches. In order to reduce the mutual
coupling among the MIMO analysis system neutralization technique is implemented
in the current structure designed structure greatly improves the performance of the
MIMO system compared to the literature mentioned systems. Placing the neutraliza-
tion line between the circular patch with slots among the patch element also greatly
improves the efficiency of the system and realized gain also improves the current
design. The distribution of surface currents also observed the greater improvement
by the parameter of surface current distributions.

2 Antenna Geometry and Analysis

The proposed patch is designed with dimensions of 50 mm × 25 mm with monopole

ground plane. To obtain this structure, the width and lengths are considered in terms
of WD and LT parameters. The next step is considered a circular ring with inner and
outer radius designed and transformed on the substrate to produce MIMO structure.
The top portion of the circle is cut to form a semi-circular patch. Then, at the center of
a semi-circular patch, a rectangular patch is etched. Further, add a circle to the semi-
circle rectangular etched surface to increase the refection coefficient of the proposed
Semi-circular MIMO Patch Antenna Using the Neutralization Line … 177

Front view Bottom View

Fig. 1 Geometry of proposed system

patch. Here, for exciting the patch, line feed mechanism is to be taken place. By this
line feed mechanism, antenna is to be excited. This entire design can be obtained
from the monopole ground to produce UWB characteristics. Figure 1 identifies the
current design geometry of the system. Table 2 shows the parameters of the current
design.

3 Results and Discussion

The UWB semi-circular MIMO antenna with the method of neutralization line is
designed on FR-4 substrate with permittivity of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. Figure 2
represents the comparison about scattering parameters indication resonating at tri-
band of frequencies like 4.8, 6.8 and 8.5 GHz. At the tri-band resonant frequencies,
the obtained S11 and S21 are −38 dB, −21 dB, and −29 dB and −40 dB, −60 dB, and
−52 dB, respectively, which identified that a greater achievement in the all tri-band
frequencies maintained is ≤−35 dB. From Fig. 2, it is observed that by the etched
ground plane, we attain a <−10 dBi reflection coefficient for UWB and by adding the
neutralization line, the mutual coupling is reduced to <−30 dBi. Figure 3 identifies
the radiation efficiencies at the resonant frequencies that are 98, 87, and 78%.
Figure 4 resemblance the gain of the semi-circle UWB MIMO radiator which
represents the values of 2.8, 5.8 and 4.4 dBi at the tri-band resonant frequencies
which is shown in Fig. 4. Figure 5 shows the distribution of surface currents at tri-
band frequencies. Figure 5a identifies that port 1 is excited and distribution of current
is maximum in left side of the circular patch. Figure 5b indicates that port 2 excited
and the maximum current flows at the feeding point. Figure 5c resemblance the port
1 is excited and the distribution of current is maximum right side of the circular
patch and neutralization path. Figure 6 shows the envelope correlation coefficient
 178

Table 2 Proposed antenna design dimensions

Design parameters LT WD IR OR FD NT MP HG WF CT WS
Value(mm) 25 50 6 10 8 25 7 18 2 4 7
G. Naga Jyothi Sree and S. Nelaturi
Semi-circular MIMO Patch Antenna Using the Neutralization Line … 179

Fig. 2 Proposed MIMO antenna S-parameters

Fig. 3 Radiation efficiency

of MIMO

Fig. 4 Gain of MIMO

radiator

of the current designed structure which maintained the value ECC ≤ 0.002 at the
resonating band of frequencies and also observed that the diversity gain of the MIMO
system at the tri-band resonant frequencies is approximately equal to the 10 dBi of
the current designed structure which is shown in Fig. 7 and produced the better
antenna parameter values. The designed structure shows the better parameters for
MIMO analysis which satisfied the MIMO parameters like ECC and diversity gain
of the current design.
The radiation patterns of the current design are identified at the three resonant
frequencies, and the distribution of fields in xz and yz planes indicates the distribution
of E-field and H-field co-pole and cross-pole representations which always show
that the co-pole is always larger than the cross-pole for every distribution radiation
patterns at the resonant frequencies which are shown in Fig. 8.
180 G. Naga Jyothi Sree and S. Nelaturi

(a) Port 1 Excited @ 4.8 GHz

(b)
(c) Port 2 excited @ 6.8 GHz

(d) Port 1 Excited @ 8.5 GHz

Fig. 5 Surface current distribution about tri-band UWB antenna

Fig. 6 ECC of the current

design
Semi-circular MIMO Patch Antenna Using the Neutralization Line … 181

Fig. 7 Diversity gain

current design

Fig. 8 Co- and E-field H-field

cross-polarization at
a 4.8 GHz, b 6.8 GHz, and
c 8.5 GHz, for H-field:
Co-pol: , Cross-pol: ;
for E-field: Co-pol: ,
Cross-pol:
(a)

(b)

(c)

4 Conclusions

In this article, a UWB semi-circular MIMO is designed for the applications of wireless
systems. The resonant frequencies wide-band characteristics and maintained the
transmission and reflection coefficients are ≤−35 and ≤−15 dB at the proposed
designed structure. The semi-circular patches are separated by a neutralization line
between the patches to reduce the mutual coupling between the patches here. So that,
with the neutralization line technique, the mutual coupling is reduced to ≤−60 dB.
This shows that the system has a greater improvement in the proposed structure better
applicable to MIMO applications. For bandwidth enhancement, here we have gone
through monopole structure. This structure also has ECC ≤ 0.002 and diversity gain
182 G. Naga Jyothi Sree and S. Nelaturi

is approximately 10 dBi at the resonant band of frequencies for UWB applications

of MIMO systems.

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