<l>nTO~YNeE~H

MEOW rnc qxcroouvaconc 01 opvoviouoi OUV8ETOUV TIlV TPOCP~ TOUe; (YAUKO~fl) ana anAa opvovrxo uopro (olo~EioIO TOU aV8POKO KOI VEpO) IJE rnv enlopoon Tile; CPWTEIV~e; EVEpYEIOe;.

Basic Photo.synthesls

01 0PYOVIOIJOi, ovoxovo IJE TO OV unopouv va qxoroouvaeoouv ~ 0XI OIOKpivOVTOI oVTimOlXO OE OUTOTpOcpOUe; (OllAOO~ nopovouv IJOVOI TOUe; OAEe; TIe; OPYOVIKEe; OUOiEe; nou TOUe; slvcn onopolrnrec XPilOlIJOnOIWVTOe; we; npcorn UAil TO npoiov Tile; qxorocuveeonc) KOI ETEPOTpOcpOUe; (OllAOO~ OEV unopouv va OUV8EOOUV !JOVOI TOUe; opvovucec EVWOEIe; ana onAEe; OVOpYOVEe;, OAAa eivm unOXP£WIJEVOI va TIe; npOIJfl8EUOVTOI ETOIIJEe; ana TO nEPI[3aAAOV TOUe;). LTOUe; OUTOTpOcpOUe; 0PYOVIOIJOue; OUYKOTOAEYOVTOI 01 nopoywyoi (rpurn), evco moue; ET£POTpOcpOUe; 01 «crovoxorrec (~wo) KOI 01 onOIKOOOlJilTEe; WOKT~pla, IJUKIlT£e;).

H qxoroouvueon yiVETOI oro npooivo IJEPil TOU CPUTOU: cpuAAO, [3AomOe;. LTIlv KaTW £nlo£P!Jioo TWV cpUAAWV [3piOKOVTOI TO mOIJOTO, TO onoio EivOI uneuauvo vro Til olonvo~ (E~aT!JIOil uopicov VEpOU). KaT a Til Olonvo~, EIOEPX£TOI OIO~EioIO TOU aV8POKO ana TIlV OTIJOOCPOIPO KOI mil OUVEXEIO OIOXEETOI npoc TOUe; IJEOOKUnapIOUe; Xwpoue; TWV KUnapWV TOU lJ£oocpuAAOU KOI TEAIKa CPTaVEI moue; XAwponAam£e;, Ka8we; KOI E~EPXETOI o~uyovo, TO onoio nOpaYETOI KOTa Til otorocuvaeon. H OEOIJEUOil Tile;

2010-2011

t l P a g e

K.K.

IlAlaK~e; EVEPYElae; vlvsro: OTa grana TWV XAwponAaOTWV ana uopro TWV <pwToouv8ETIKWV XPWOTIKWV, TIe; XAWPO<pUAAEe; xrn ro KapOTEVOEIO~.

PHOTOSYTHE.NSIS

3. C-arbo,1I diOlai!d C crwl!Cr'S le-r tfr1lf'1O<Uigh

............

H ccoroouvaecn nEplAal-'!3avEI ovnopocerc nou E~apTwvTOI ana TO <pwe; (<pWTEIV~ qxion) Kal ovnopooerc nou civet aVE~apTIlTEe; ana TIlV unap~1l <pWTOe; (OKOTEIV~ rpoon). Krrro Til <PWTEIV~ qxron uopio XAwPo<puAAIle; OEO~EUOUV <PWTEIV~ EVEPYEla xrn OIEYEipovTal Kal OTIl ouveyero anOOIEYEipoVTal. AUTO EXEI we; anOTEAEo~a TOV IOVIO~O aAAwv uopkov XAWPO<pUAAIle;. MEpOe; Tile; EVEPYElae; nou nopoveroi ana TIe; aVWTEpw OlaOIKaoiEe; npoxoxel Til olaonaoll uopkov VEPOU OE uopovovo xcn o~uyovo (<pWTOAUOIl VEpOU). napaAAIlAa oXIl~aTi~ETal ATP. To o~uyovo nou nopoverot ana Til <pWTOAUOIl TOU VEPOU EM:u8Epwvual ornv oruocoorpo. kcro Til OKOTEIV~ ooon vivsror OEO~Euoll TOU OIO~EIOiou TOU av8paKa Kal Ta npoiovro Tile; <PWTEIV~e; rpoonc XPIlOl~onolouvTal WOTE va napax8£i 11 yAUKO~Il· LTa nporovro Tile; OKOTEIV~e; rpconc EKTOe; an6 Til YAUKO~1l eivoi xm TO VEpO. MEpOe; Tile; YAUKO~Ile; nou axll~aTi~ual unopei va an081lKEuTEi OTa <puTa ~E Til ~op<p~ a~UAOU OTOUe; ouuxortxocrec.

LIGHT REACTIONS

CALVIN CYCLE

Chloroplast

•

I Sucrose (export) I

Cop)'oghl C Pea.rs04\ EducatiOh. Inc_ pubishlng 31$ Banj.3mln Curnm~s.

2010-2011

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H TaXUH)Ta Tile; <punOOUV8EOlle; EnllPEa~ETal ana nEpl[3aAAovTIKOUe; ncpovovrec, oncoc eivm Il 8EPI-IOKpOoia, TO qxoc, TO olo~EiolO TOU aV8pOKO, TO VEPO KOI ro ovopvovo aAOTO. 'OOOV orpcpo orn 8EPI-IOKpaoia, OUT~ EnllPEa~EI Til OpaOll TWV EV~UI-IWV KOI EnOI-lEVWe; KOI TIlV onoooon Tile; ooroouvaconc. 'OTOV Il 8EPI-IOKpaoia ~EnEpam:1 TOUe; 30°(, TO EV~UI-IO xcroorpsrpovrtn KOI Il onoooon Tile; qxoroouvaeonc I-IEIWVETOI. 'OOOV orpopo aTO qxoc, Il onocoon Tile; qxoroouvaconc OU~aVETOI I-IE TIlV OU~IlOll Tile; evrconc TOU. Ano EVO onuelo KOI I-IETa OI-lWe; nOp0I-IEVEI oroaspn. 'Ooov coopo aTO olo~EiolO TOU aV8POKa, Il onoooon Tile; qxoroouvueorjc E~OPTaTOI ono Til OUVKEVTPWO~ TOU, OAAa nOAI I-IEXPI EVOe; cnueiou KOI I-IETa nopoueve: aT08Ep~. 'OOOV ooopo aTO VEPO napOTIlPEiTOI EAaTTWOll Tile; onoooonc Tile; <pWTOOlJv8EOlle; OE OUV8~KEe; ~Ilpaoioe; OXI I-IOVO AOVW Tile; EAAEI4JIle; VEPOU nou 8a naPEI I-IEpOe; orn <PWTEIV~ ooon Tile; ororocuveeonc, aAAO Kal AOVW KAEIOiI-iOTOe; TWV aTOI-IOTWV WaTE va eunoororei Il oruoxero VEPOU I-IEOW Tile; oianvo~e;. TEAOe;, OOOV orpopo oro ovopvovo aAOTa, aUTO eivm Olll-laVTIKO Via Til OOI-l~ KOI Til AEITOUPVio TOU <pUTOU, oncoc Via napaOEIVI-IO Via Til OUV8EOll TOU uopiou Tile; XAWPO<pUAAIle;·

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2010-2011

31Page

K.K.

KYTTAPIKH ANAnNOH

nEpiAr)'lJr)

MEOW Tile; KUTTapIK~e; ovonvonc ro KUTTapa E~aOcpaAi~ouv TIlV EVEPYEla nou XPEIO~OVTal ana Til oroonoon opvovuccov OUOIWV. H KUTTapIK~ ovonvon olaKpivETal ovoxovo I..IE TO av npaYl..laTOnOIEiTOI I..IE napouoio ~ anouoio o~uyovou OE aEpO~la ~ aVOEpO~IO aVTiOTOIXO.

o opvoviouoc E~EocpaAi~EI EVEpYEla ana TIlV o~EiowOIl TWV OUOIWV nou EXEI OTIl olo8EO~ TOU I..IE rnv E~~e; OEIPO nporepcrorrrroc: uoorovupoxec, OUOETEpa Ainll KOI TEAOe; nporrelvec.

H oloonooll Tile; yAUKO~Ile; nEpIAal..l~OVEI TpEIe; OIOOIKOoiEe;: Til yAUKOAUOIl, TOV KUKAo TOU Krebs Kal rnv O~EIOWTIK~ orootpopuxkoon.

H yAUKOAuOIl anOTEAEi TO npWTO OTOOIO vro oloonaoll Tile; yAUKO~Ile;. riVETOI OTO KUTTopOnAOOl..la oAwv TWV KUTTOPWV xwpie; Til XPIlOll..lonoillOIl o~uyOVOU. 2:E aUTO TO OTOOIO EVO I..IOPIO yAUKO~Ile; OloonOTOI 0PXIKO OE OUO I..IOPIO TPIO~WV, nou I..IETOTpEnOVTOI OE OUO uopro nupoorcouxrxou O~EOe;, OiVOVTOe; OUO I..IOPIO ATP. Av OTO nEpl~OAAov unOPXEI o~uyovo, TO nupooroouxuco O~U EIOEPXETOI OTO I..IITOXOVOPIO KOI O~EIOWVETOI nA~pwe; npoe; olo~EiolO TOU OV8POKO Kal VEPO (OEpO~IO ovonvori). Av OEV unOPXEI o~uyovo, TO nuoooroouxuco OSU I..IETOTpEnETOI ovoxovo I..IE TO eiooc TOU KUTTOPOU OE 0I8uAIK~ OAKOOAIl KOI olo~EiolO TOU ov8pOKa ~ OE YOAOKTIKO O~U (OVOEpO~IO ovonvon).

l

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Mn:oxov6p((:~,KTl o"o.spoyov"!on TIl<: 'P'war.popuo;c y,\_u~pivn~

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2010-2011

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LT'lV O£P0!310 ovonvon 'l nA~p'le; o~£iowo'l TOU nUpOOTOcpUAIKOU O~EOe;, nou nop~x8'l KOH] rn YAUKOAUO'l vlvsroi O£ ouo OTOOIO: TOV KUKAO TOU Krebs, nou yiV£TOI OT'l I-l~TPO TOU urroyovooiou KOI T'lV O~£IOWTIK~ qxocoopuxkoon. nou vlverci OTIe; OVOOInAcDO£Ie; rnr; £OWT£PIK~C; 1-l£I-l!3pov'le; TOU urroyovopiou. 0 KUKAOe; TOU Krebs (KUKAOe; TOU KITPIKOU O~EOe;) n£pIA0I-l!3ov£1 ovnopooa«; nou O£ XP'lOII-lOnOI£iTal o~uyovo, av KOI O£ viveroi OE ovoEpo!3I£e; OUV8~KEe;. To KEpOOe; OE EVEpYEla KaTO TO OTOOIO aUTO EivOI OUO I-lOPIO ATP. Kern TIe; OVTIOPOOEIC; T'le; O~£IOWTIK~e; qxoorpopuxitoonc XP'lGiI-lOnOIEiTOI o~uyovo KOI OE aUTO TO OTOOIO nopovovrrn 32 uopio ATP.

f.!IIOCllOOOri .n ty Of dysIvrlC on (increa,ed C)'loSOlle ea: •. 0 dB:.ve W~,.

IlPOQ pecoXldatiOO)

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( CnricKidG)'Cle )

YnoPX£1 evoc I-l'lXOVIOI-lOe; nou EAEYX£I rn ol£~oywy~ TWV OVTIOPOO£wv rnc; KUTTapIK~e; ovonvoric ovcxovo ue TIe; OVOYK£e; TOU OPYOVIOI-lOU. ria nopooervuo, OTOV one T'lV KUTTOPIK~ ovonvon napox80uv nOAAo uopro ATP, xwpie; va XPElo~ETal OA'l aUT~ T'lV EVEPY£la TO KUTTapo, TOTE ovaarEAAETOI 'l OpOO'l EVOe; one TO EV~UI-la nou opOUV KaTO rn yAUKOAUO'l. 'ETGI OlaKonTETOI 'l olOonao'l TWV ocxyopcov.

LE nrprrmooe«; EAA£Ilj.!'le; o~uyOVOU npovucronorelrm ovoepojno ovonvon, 'l onoio OloKpivnol OT'lV OAKOOAIK~ KOI OT'l YOAOKTIK~ ~UI-lwo'l' KOI OTIe; OUO neprrrrcooe«; EVO I-lOPIO YAUKO~'le;, I-lEOW rnc YAUKOAUO'le;, oloonoTol OE OUO uopro nuooorcouxucou O~EOe; I-lE onoooon OUO uopkov ATP. LT'l OUVEX£IO TO I-lOPIO TOU nupOOTacpUAIKOU O~EOe; I-lETaTpEnOVTOI EiT£ O£ OUO uopro aI8uAIK~e; aAKOOA'le; xrn OUO I-lOPIO Olo~£loiou TOU ovaooxo (aAKOOAIK~ ~UI-lWO'l) EiT£ OE OUO uopro yaAoKTIKOU O~EOe; (yaAoKTIK~ ~UI-lWO'l).

H aAKOOAIK~ ~UI-lWO'l vlveroi kupkoc orouc ~UI-lOI-lUK'lTEe;, Ko8we; KOI O£ TI-l~I-lOTO CPUTWV, oruoc oro EOWTEPIKO TWV KOVOUAWV rnc nOTOTOe;. AAKOOAIK~ ~UI-lWO'l vlveroi KOTO T'lV ncpovoivn unupcc (XP'lOII-l0nOIOUvTOI OnEPI-lOTO OIT'lPWV) KOI KpaGiOU (XP'l0ll-lonOIOUvTOI oOKxapa nou uncpyouv oro XUI-l0 TWV OTOcpUAIWV).

2010-2011

SIPage

K.K.

H YOAOKTIK~ ~UIJWOIl viverot O£ IJIKPOOPYOVIOIJOU~ ([30KT~pIO), Ko8wC; KO! O£ KUTTOPO OVWT£PWV 0PyovIOIJWV (oncoc TO IJU'IKa KUTTOpO), OTOV eivo: neproprousvn 1'1 nocorrrro TOU o;uyovou aTO n£pl[3aAAov. H nopookeun TWV KUPIOT£PWV npoiovrtov TOU yaAOKTO~, oruoc TO YIOOUPTI KOI TO rupi, elvoi onorcxeouo yOAOKTIK~~ ~U~WOIlC;.

cJ)Cron-N0EIH

KYTTAPIKH ANAnNOH

uli~oyovUv8paK£~

2010-2011

02

C02 + H20

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ATP 8tpp6Tr]Ta

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