THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES.

ABOUT 1350 TO ABOUT 1350

The first fifty years, Political and social circumtances. The most interesting part of
their century and a half, from 1350 to 1500, for literature was the first fifty years
which comprised at Chaucer’s generation.
One of the earliest literary works of the time, Mandeville’s Voyage, was ignored
by social and moral issues, instead becoming a rather full reflection of the na’ve
medieval delight in romantic marverls. This is the incredibly amusing ‘Voyage and
Travels of Sir John Mandeville. This Genius book was written in Liege, in what is
now Belgium before the year 1370, and it was written in French; however, due to
its overwhelming success, it was translated many times into Latin and English, and
later into the other languages.
Chaucer was born and lived in London, which became the focus of English
literature as a result of his presence. Chaucer's poetry is divided into three distinct
periods. The first is that of French influence, when, despite writing in English, he
took inspiration from the rich French poetry of the time, which was written in
both France and England. Chaucer's second time, that of Italian Influence, begins
with his first trip to Italy, where he may have encountered the fluent Italian poet
Petrarch at Padua, and where the revelation of Italian life and literature may have
piqued his intense interest. ‘Troilus and Criseyde,' Chaucer's longest and finest
poem of this period, is based on a work by Boccaccio; here Chaucer details with
convincing force the emotion and tragedy of passion, as well as the psyche of the
heroine who had become a central figure in the tale of Troy for the Middle Ages.
The Legend of Good Women is a collection of romantic biographies of famous
ladies of classical legend and history, whom Chaucer designates as martyrs of
love; but more important than the stories themselves is the Prolog, in which he
talks with wonderful frankness about his own thoughts and tastes. The
Canterbury Tales, on the other hand, is the best work of the time and Chaucer's
life's work. The plot of the story is well known: Chaucer discovers himself on an
April evening with thirty other men and women.
The Medeival Drama
Pageants, jugglers, and folk-plays The crooked Roman drama, proscribed by the
Church, had come to an unhonored end at the dissolution of the Roman Empire,
and the players had been absorbed into the great body of disreputable jugglers
and inferior minstrels who drifted around Christendom. The content of the verse,
which was usually mediocre to begin with, has often suffered greatly in
transmission from generation to generation. In other ways, there are stark
contrasts: often the feeling and strength of a scene are admirable, exposing an
author of genuine talent, at other times there is just crude and wooden
amateurism. The Interludes are a collection of short pieces. Early in the sixteenth
century, the Morality was essentially supplanted by another form of play known
as the Interlude.
The numerous theatrical styles studied from the tenth to the mid-sixteenth
centuries-folk plays, mummings and disguises, secular pageants, Mystery plays,
Moralities, and Interludes-have nothing more than historical significance.

ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE

Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400, and there were no important literary works for a
century. This period is called the sterile era of literature.
Despite the many differences in the scriptures, Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of
Surrey are often mentioned together: Sir Thomas Wyatt published sonnets in
England, and Surrey wrote the first book in English called blank verse. Thomas
Wyatt, who followed the Italian poet Petrarch, wrote on the Internet. Therefore,
14 of the last six lines rhyme a, b, b, a, a, b, b, a. (8) + 2 or 3 rhymes. The blank
verse by the Earl of Surrey is noteworthy.
After the Wyatt and Surrey, there “Tottels Lieder und Sonnets” (1557) is the first
British poetry anthology printed. It contains 40 poems by Surrey and 96 poems by
Wyatt and 135 other authors. Some of these verses are good, some are naive. In
1609, 154 Shakespeare sonnets were printed. These sonnets were written to “The
Lord”. Among them is William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke (Page 95).
There actually were two poems of Shakespeare which belonging to the Earl of
Surrey’s era. Shakespeare’s two poems 'Venus and Adonis,' and 'The Rape of
Lucrece” are worth noting at that time. (Page 109)
One of the most famous poets of the Elizabethan era was Edmund Spencer (1552-
1599). His idyllic poem "Shepard's Calendar" (1579) consists of 12 books, one
every January. Amoretti de Penzer, 88 sonnets by Petrarch the joy of his marriage
to Elizabeth Boyle is reflected in his Epithalamion carols. His outspokenness is
reminiscent of the bigamy of the daughter of the Earl of Worcester. Queen
Elizabeth also known as Fairy Queen. The poem which called "Spenserian Stanza"
is nine lines long and the outline of the rhyme is a, b, a, b, b, c, b, c, c with an
iambic pentameter in the last (Page 93)
Far before Bacon, Sir Philip Sidney is famous for his romance prose “Acadia” (Page
85). His sonnets collection includes “Astrophel and Stella” is a nice romance (Page
95).
Michael Drayton (Michael Drayton) and Sir Walter Raleigh (Walter Raleigh) were
other important British poets in the Elizabethan era. The famous Queen Elizabeth
playwright Ben Johnson also wrote beautiful poems.
John Lily, Thomas Kidd, George Peel, Thomas Lodge, Robert Green, Christopher
Marlowe and Thomas Nash also wrote many poems. John Lily (John Lily) is the
author of the prose novel "Uffizi". Euphues is called Euphuism. The sentences are
long and complicated. They are full of tricks and fables. Gives a lot of
comparisons.
The works of John Donne added beauty to Elizabethan literature. He is the main
character in metaphysical poetry. Don's poetry is characterized by originality,
vivid image and arrogance. Satire, songs and sonnets, elegy, Bloch, farewell: no
duel, farewell. Between the tears-his famous work. Sir Francis Bacon was a
brilliant genius of the British Elizabethan era.
He is considered the father of English thesis. His paper first appeared in 1597, the
second edition in 1612, and the third edition in 1625. In addition to the thesis, he
also wrote The Advancement of Learning, New Atlantis and History of Henry VII.
Bacon writes popular essays. They are about friendship, love, travel, parents and
children, marriage and single life, anger, revenge, death, etc. Ben Johnson's thesis
is based on the book "Wood or Discovery". His thesis is as incompatible as Bacon.
Johnson is considered the father of British literary critics. He also
Many attempts have been made to translate the Bible into English. After the
death of John Wycliffe, William Tyndale tried the project. Coverdale continued
Tyndale's work. The authorized version of the Bible was published in 1611.

Opinion
The Renaissance era saw the discovery and exploration of the earth, the
Copernican substitution for the Ptolemaic astronomical method, the fall of
feudalism and the rise of trade, and the discovery or application of potentially
important inventions such as paper, printing, the sailor's compass, and
gunpowder. It also restores the consolidation of new theological and analytical
views, as well as the emergence of a new body of knowledge that assists
humanity in breaking away from the mental rigidity enforced by theological
dogma, inspiring free inquiry and critique, and inspiring new beliefs in the future
of human thinking and formation. And the effect on literature is now more than
ever changing terminology and introducing modern vocabulary that is not
classical.

Bintang Felix Jatmiko Firmanyshah / 2211420085

Dana Alaudin Althaf / 2211420082